Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| shigellosis: disease burden, epidemiology and case management. | 2005 | 15807074 | |
| [small treatise on art of warfare... from shigella]. | 2005 | 15811311 | |
| heterogeneity among strains of diffusely adherent escherichia coli isolated in brazil. | one hundred twelve diffusely adherent escherichia coli strains isolated from children in a case control study were evaluated for virulence-associated characteristics, serotyping, antibiotic resistance, and plasmid profiles. half of the strains hybridized with the probes for icua (aerobactin) and fimh (type 1 pili); daae (f1845 fimbriae), afa (afimbrial dr adhesin), agg-3a (aggregative adhesion fimbria type iii fimbriae), pap (p fimbriae), asta (east1 toxin), and shet1 (shigella enterotoxin 1) se ... | 2005 | 15815034 |
| characterization of escherichia coli o86 o-antigen gene cluster and identification of o86-specific genes. | escherichia coli o86 belongs to the enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) group, some strains of which are pathogens of humans, wild birds and farm animals. the o-antigen gene cluster of e. coli o86 was amplified by long-range pcr using primers based on the housekeeping genes galf and gnd, and then sequenced. genes involved in gdp-fuc and n-acetyl-galactosamine (galnac) synthesis and genes encoding glycosyltransferases, o-unit flippase and o-antigen polymerase were identified on the basis of homology. ... | 2005 | 15778030 |
| survival of shigella boydii 18 in bean salad. | a strain of shigella boydii 18 involved in a bean salad outbreak and s. boydii 18 atcc 35966 were used to inoculate bean salad. bean salad samples were stored at 4 or 23 degrees c. at 4 degrees c, the s. boydii survived for the duration of the shelf life of the salad but did not grow. at 23 degrees c, both strains increased by two orders of magnitude by day 2 and decreased rapidly thereafter. this demonstrates the importance of proper storage in preventing the outgrowth of foodborne pathogens. | 2005 | 15830680 |
| considerations for development of whole cell bacterial vaccines to prevent diarrheal diseases in children in developing countries. | enteric pathogens constitute a major pediatric threat in the developing world through their impact on morbidity and mortality, physical and cognitive development and cause and effect relationship with malnutrition. although many bacterial pathogens can cause diarrheal diseases, a group of less than 10 including shigella spp., enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), vibrio cholerae, and possibly, campylobacter jejuni account for a significant percentage of these diseases in developing countries. ... | 2005 | 15837361 |
| fibrino-necrotic typhlitis caused by escherichia fergusonii in ostriches (struthio camelus). | two adult ostriches developed anorexia, prostration, and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, dying 24 hr after the onset of clinical signs. on postmortem examination, the cecal mucosa showed locally extensive areas of hemorrhages and fibrino-necrotic typhlitis with a white-yellowish material covering the mucosal surface. multiple serosal petequial hemorrhages and fibrinous peritonitis were present. histologic examination revealed an intense mononuclear infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa o ... | 2005 | 15839434 |
| modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium effector protein espg. | espg is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. espg is delivered into infected host cells by a type iii secretion system. the role of espg in virulence has not yet been defined. here we describe experiments that probe the virulence characteristics and biological activities of espg in vitro and in vivo. a c. rodentium espg mutant ... | 2005 | 15845460 |
| ipgb1 is a novel shigella effector protein involved in bacterial invasion of host cells. its activity to promote membrane ruffling via rac1 and cdc42 activation. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is capable of inducing the large scale membrane ruffling required for the bacterial invasion of host cells. shigella secrete a subset of effectors via the type iii secretion system (ttss) into the host cells to induce membrane ruffling. here, we show that ipgb1 is secreted via the ttss into epithelial cells and plays a major role in producing membrane ruffles via stimulation of rac1 and cdc42 activities, thus promoting bacterial invasion of e ... | 2005 | 15849186 |
| use of fatty acid profiles to identify food-borne bacterial pathogens and aerobic endospore-forming bacilli. | capillary gas chromatography (gc) with flame ionization detection was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of various food-borne microbial pathogens and to compare the fatty acid profiles of spores and vegetative cells of the same endospore-forming bacilli. fifteen bacteria, representing eight genera (staphylococcus, listeria, bacillus, yersinia, salmonella, shigella, escherichia, and vibrio) and 11 species were used to compare the extracted fatty acid methyl esters (fames). endosp ... | 2005 | 15853428 |
| model for the combined effects of temperature, ph and sodium chloride concentration on survival of shigella flexneri strain 5348 under aerobic conditions. | shigella is recognized as a major foodborne pathogen; however, relatively few studies have been reported on its growth and survival characteristics, particularly under conditions relevant to food. a fractional factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (4-37 degrees c), ph (2-6) and nacl (0.5-9%) on survival kinetics of shigella flexneri strain 5348 in bhi broth. stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media to give initial populations of 6-7 log ... | 2005 | 15862880 |
| plasmid partition system of the p1par family from the pwr100 virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri. | p1par family members promote the active segregation of a variety of plasmids and plasmid prophages in gram-negative bacteria. each has genes for para and parb proteins, followed by a pars partition site. the large virulence plasmid pwr100 of shigella flexneri contains a new p1par family member: pwr100par. although typical para and parb genes are present, the putative pwr100pars site is atypical in sequence and organization. however, pwr100pars promoted accurate plasmid partition in escherichia c ... | 2005 | 15866921 |
| identification of shigella sonnei biotype g isolates carrying class 2 integrons in italy (2001 to 2003). | phenotyping and genotyping have been carried out on 64 epidemic and sporadic isolates of shigella sonnei identified in italy in the years 2001 to 2003. class 2 integron carriage has been also investigated. isolates from four of the five outbreaks and four of six sporadic cases were biotype g, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type b, and class 2 integron positive, suggesting emergence and spread of an epidemic clone in italy. | 2005 | 15872285 |
| outbreak of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei enterocolitis in men who have sex with men, quebec, 1999 to 2001. | 2005 | 15875326 | |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in shigella flexneri from argentina: first report of toho-1 outside japan. | a 9-year nation-wide survey of the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in shigella flexneri is described. ten of 9033 (0.1%) isolates produced esbls, which were characterized by isoelectric focusing, pcr and dna sequencing. these were ctx-m-2 (five isolates), toho-1 (one isolate), shv-2 (two isolates) and per-2 (two isolates, the first report in s. flexneri world wide). the emergence of each esbl type in s. flexneri was not restricted to a particular region of argentina. toho-1 ... | 2005 | 15878653 |
| shigellosis. | shigellosis is a global human health problem. four species of shigella i.e. s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei are able to cause the disease. these species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of o-specific polysaccharide of the lps. shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. the symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. s ... | 2005 | 15880088 |
| interferon gamma induces translocation of commensal escherichia coli across gut epithelial cells via a lipid raft-mediated process. | the "leaky gut" hypothesis proposes that leakage of enteric bacteria into the body resulting from disruption of the epithelial barrier is a critical step in the pathophysiology of various disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. however, the pathways and underlying mechanisms by which commensal bacteria cross the epithelial barrier in inflammatory conditions remain unclear. this study investigated the mechanisms of interferon gamma-mediated bacterial translocation across human co ... | 2005 | 15887109 |
| antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study. | in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ... | 2005 | 15889346 |
| cytokine release induced by killed bacteria associated with anti-ifn-gamma antibody in shigella infection. | an effort was made to analyze the effect of in vitro stimulation on macrophages using killed shigella dysenteriae type-1 (ksd1) coupled with anti-interferon gamma (anti-ifn-gamma) antibody. the stimulated macrophages were co-cultured with primed or non-primed t-cells from shigella infected patients. t-cell cultures were also established by co-culturing ksd1 coupled with or without pha stimulated macrophages. emulsified ksd1 coupled with anti-ifn-gamma antibody was found to act as a potent immuno ... | 2005 | 15894487 |
| antibacterial activity of the essential oil from cymbopogon nervatus inflorescence. | antibacterial activity of essential oil of dried inflorescence of cymbopogon nervatus was investigated. the essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested bacteria except for salmonella typhi. the maximum activity was against shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae. | 2005 | 15896926 |
| a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ... | 2005 | 15901718 |
| antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis in castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. | the methanol (meoh) extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis, and different fractions of this extract were studied for antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the meoh extract showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. the etoac fraction (eaf) and the residual meoh fraction (rmf) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 250 mg/kg in both models. no antidiarrhoeal activity was obs ... | 2005 | 15905054 |
| salmonellosis and the food chain in khon kaen, northeastern thailand. | non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a major cause of food-borne illness in thailand. specific serotyping of salmonellae, linked with certain foods, can be used to identify outbreaks, transmission, and for surveillance. we aimed to identify the chain of non-typhoidal salmonella transmission from food to humans in five slums, two open markets, four supermarkets and an abattoir in the municipality of khon kaen. during three months representing the cool-dry, hot-dry, and rainy seasons of 2002, culture sa ... | 2005 | 15906654 |
| cryptic plasmid prk2 from escherichia coli w: sequence analysis and segregational stability. | cryptic plasmid prk2 of the strain escherichia coli w (atcc 9637), an ancestor of production strains for penicillin g acylase, was sequenced and characterized. based on the data on replication region and origin (ori sequence aac, 924-926nt), the plasmid was classified as cole1-like plasmid. dna sequence analysis revealed five orfs hypothetical products of which shared a significant sequence similarity with putative proteins encoded by dna of plasmid pcole1. orf1 codes for protein rom involved in ... | 2005 | 15907542 |
| genomic divergence of escherichia coli strains: evidence for horizontal transfer and variation in mutation rates. | this report describes the sequencing in the escherichia coli b genome of 36 randomly chosen regions that are present in most or all of the fully sequenced e. coli genomes. the phylogenetic relationships among e. coli strains were examined, and evidence for the horizontal gene transfer and variation in mutation rates was determined. the overall phylogenetic tree indicated that e. coli b and k-12 are the most closely related strains, with e. coli o157:h7 being more distantly related, shigella flex ... | 2005 | 16562379 |
| prevalence and characterization of clostridium perfringens from spices in argentina. | spices can present high microbial counts and clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, salmonella and shigella, among others have been isolated from spices. c. perfringens is an important pathogen agent causing, among other diseases, enteritis in humans caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) which causes human food poisoning and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. the aims of the present work were (i) to establish the hygienic sanitary quality of some spices in san luis, argentina; (ii) to de ... | 2005 | 16701595 |
| antimicrobial activity of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2-ethanediols, 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]- 1,2,3,4-butanetetraols and their feiii, cuii, and agi complexes. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with fecl3, cucl2, and agno3 were synthesized; antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis, and antifungal activity against candida albicans. the a ... | 2005 | 16681141 |
| antimicrobial activity of znii, cdii, and hgii complexes of 1,2-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols and 1,4-bis-[2-(5-r)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols. | 1,2-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl/no2)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2-ethanediols (l1-l4), 1,4-bis-[2-(5-h/me/cl)-1h-benzimidazolyl]-1,2,3,4-butanetetraols (l5-l7) and their complexes with zncl2, cdcl2 and hgcl2 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal activity against candida albicans. hgii complexes have ... | 2005 | 16681142 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak due to consumption of unpasteurised milk curds in vilnius, lithuania, 2004. | 2005 | 16799218 | |
| [modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances]. | the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ... | 2005 | 16566125 |
| prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. | the study was conducted to determine the prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. stool samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of b.p. koirala institute of health sciences, nepal, during august 2000-july 2004, were cultured for shigella species and were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. of 53 shigella species isolated, shigella dysenteriae type 1 was the most predominant isolate (73.7%), followed by s. flexneri (23%) and s ... | 2005 | 16599104 |
| the action of photosensitizers and serum in a bactericidal process. ii. the effects of dyes: hypericin, eosin y and saphranine o. | the aim of the present work was to recognize the reasons for differences in the photodynamic action of dyes against various bacterial strains. it is expected that a better understanding of this problem may help in design of new photosensitizers. the sensitivity of 6 various bacterial strains to the photodynamic action of 5 photosensitizers was determined. the hydrophobicity of cell surface and susceptibility of bacteria to the natural defense mechanism of human serum, were estimated. the differe ... | 2005 | 16599305 |
| [total and specific iga in colostrum and milk of mothers of natal-rio grande do norte, brasil]. | to determine the concentration of total secretory iga and evaluate the repertoire of iga antibodies to enteropathogenic escherichia coli and shigella flexneri antigens in colostrums and milk from mothers in natal, rn. | 2005 | 17768806 |
| [application of the rapid test of glutamate decarboxylase for the confirmation of escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples]. | a rapid test was evaluated in the diagnosis of escherichia coli in different types of infectious samples, and a comparison with the biomedical methods of traditional identification was made. it has been reported that glutamate decarboxylase (gad) is very specific (97-99%) for the identification of escherichia coli; hovewer, its use is very limited nowadays. 461 clinical samples of different origin were analyzed in a children's hospital. in general, escherichia coli, was more frequently isolated ... | 2005 | 17969270 |
| changing resistance pattern of shigella isolates in a delhi hospital: an alarming trend. | 2004 | 17642737 | |
| actin-based motility assay. | actin-based movement can be reconstituted by using microspheres functionalized with the enzymes n-wasp or acta, which use the arp2/3 complex and actin to catalyze the formation of a branched actin filament network that is maintained in rapid turnover by three proteins (capping protein, profilin, and adf). the particles continuously initiate filament assembly at their surface and are propelled, mimicking bacteria or the leading edge of motile cells. this biomimetic assay offers advantages over ap ... | 2004 | 18228440 |
| shigella flexneri strains produce bacteriocins active against members of the human microbial intestinal flora. | the principal aim of this work was to detect the bacteriocinogenic capacity of s. flexneri strains on members of the human intestinal flora. a total of 49 bacteriocinogenic s. flexneri strains were isolated from individuals of both sexes and different ages. the bacteriocins were detected by means of the drop method using e. coli and b. fragilis as target strains. the serotypes of the s. flexneri were determined. the producer capacity of bacteriocins was analysed in 10 different colonies of the s ... | 2004 | 17061528 |
| current aspects of shigella pathogenesis. | bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) is a severe human disease caused by shigellae. in recent years, a large amount of information has been generated regarding the host, pathogen and environmental factors that impact the pathogenesis of shigellosis at the cellular and molecular level. this review summarizes what is currently known about shigella, detailing those factors that contribute to pathogenesis and examining the current progress in the development of a vaccine. | 2004 | 17061529 |
| cryptosporidiosis in harare, zimbabwe. | to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhoeal patients. | 2004 | 15881311 |
| future vaccine development at nichd. | using published data and the results of our studies, we hypothesized that a critical level of serum igg antibodies to the surface structures of invasive pathogens (capsular polysaccharides of haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, meningococcus, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus, the o-specific polysaccharide lps domain of the lps of shigella, non-typhoidal salmonella, and e. coli, and the capsular polypeptide of bacillus anthraces) confer immunity to these path ... | 2004 | 15838097 |
| isolation and characterization of microorganisms from instruments used by pedicurists operating within lagos metropolis, nigeria. | eight bacterial and five fungal species were isolated from swab samples taken from instruments used by pedicurists operating at three different sites in lagos, nigeria. the bacterial isolates included micrococcus luteus, micrococcus roseus, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, hafnia spp, shigella spp, bacillus subtilis and bacillus spp. the five fungal isolates were identified as aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, mucor spp, trichophyton spp and candida albicans. the presence ... | 2004 | 15816270 |
| polymerizer-mediated intracellular movement. | bacterial movement inside the cytoplasm is a major virulence factor in that it is necessary for efficient colonization of the infected tissues. molecules from both the host and the pathogen present possible sites of pharmacologic intervention. because locomoting listeria and shigella mimic the activated state of the leading edge of nonmuscle cells, these pathogens are powerful tools for dissecting the molecular machinery of actin-based motility. analysis of the movement linked to cytoskeleton ma ... | 2004 | 15787195 |
| [campylobacter enteritis in western sicily. remarks on 35 cases]. | campylobacter spp is the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed countries, resulting mainly from the contamination of poultry and animal products. pathogenesis remains unclear. various clinical features ranging from watery diarrhoea in apyrexia to dysentery in hyperpyrexia may be the result of differences between strains in the expression of different pathogenetic factors. there are many difficulties in isolating the bacteria in question. | 2004 | 15729013 |
| identification of an atypical form of 30 kda sod--a possible virulence factor in clinical isolates of shigella spp. | reviews on the pathogenic mechanisms of shigella species show a lacunae in the understanding of the bacterial antioxidant defense system and its regulations. this study was done to investigate the regulation of expression of antioxidant enzymes in clinical isolates of shigella species, under various growth conditions. the in vitro expression of superoxide dismutase in the clinical isolates of shigella spp., is modulated by both endogenous and exogenous factors. during aerobic and iron repleted g ... | 2004 | 15663190 |
| clustering of database sequences for fast homology search using upper bounds on alignment score. | homology data are among the most important information used to predict the functions of unknown proteins and thus fast and accurate methods are needed. in this paper, we propose a new approach for fast and accurate homology search using pre-computed all-against-all similarity scores in a target database. we previously developed a method for derivation of an upper bound of the smith-waterman score (sw-score) between a query and a homolog candidate sequence using the sw-score between the candidate ... | 2004 | 15712113 |
| isatin-derived antibacterial and antifungal compounds and their transition metal complexes. | a series of isatins incorporating thiazole, thiadiazole, benzothiazole and p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide moieties, along with their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, ir, nmr and electronic spectral data. these compounds have been screened for antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, bacillus subtillis, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeru ... | 2004 | 15648656 |
| international note. antibiotics in the management of shigellosis. | 2004 | 15603533 | |
| a small bacterial rna regulates a putative abc transporter. | a small noncoding bacterial ribonucleic acid of 62-64 nucleotides, rydc, was identified in the genomes of escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella. in vivo, rydc binds to the rna-binding protein hfq, and it is unstable when hfq is absent. mobility assays reveal that complex formation between rydc and hfq is specific, with an apparent binding constant of approximately 300 nm. sequence alignments combined with structural probing demonstrate that rydc folds as a pseudoknot. hfq binds the loops cr ... | 2004 | 15618228 |
| screening and identification of shigella flexneri 2a virulence-related genes induced after invasion of epithelial cells. | an in vivo expression technology (ivet) was applied to screen s. flexneri 2a genes induced after invasion of epithelial cells, and virulence-related genes were further identified by mutational analysis. thirteen intracellular induced genes were identified with a hela cell infection model. of these, two were identified as alkylation-related genes; one was related to metabolism; one encoded a transcriptional regulator; three were identified as insertion elements; three appeared to be antisense to ... | 2004 | 15620105 |
| [mechanisms of resistance in enterobacteriaceae towards beta-lactamase antibiotics]. | except for salmonella spp., all enterobacteriaceae produce intrinsic chromosomal encoded beta-lactamases which, beside their physiologic role in cell-wall synthesis and natural beta-lactam protection, are responsible for intrinsic resistance of individual species among enterobacteriaceae. e. coli and shigella spp. produce a small amount of ampc beta-lactamases and are susceptible to ampicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotic agents. enterobacter spp, c. freundii, serratia spp., m. morganii, p. ... | 2004 | 15700687 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella flexneri serotypes in israel during a period of three years: 2000-2002. | this is a surveillance study of the antimicrobial resistance of the s. flexneri group in the context of its serotype diversity. it includes 1422 isolates, which were sent to the national shigella reference centre (nsrc) by hospitals and outpatient clinics in israel during a 3-year period (2000-2002). the strains were identified and classified according to the prevalence and antigenic structure of their serotypes. all samples were checked for resistance to ampicillin (amp), trimethoprim-sulphamet ... | 2004 | 15635961 |
| [choice of informative characteristics for the characterization of the adaptive process in the population of rod-shaped bacteria]. | different data characterizing the growth and development of rod-shaped bacterial cells (shigella flexneri strains s and rd) at the initial stage of the formation of their populations on a solid culture medium were analyzed with a view to the evaluation of the adaptive process. the study revealed that lo and lk (initial and end of bacterial lenght) and tau (generation time) of cells were the optimal informative characteristics. the determination of these characteristics on the cell population lev ... | 2004 | 15636132 |
| [modulation of immune system cells by lactobacilli]. | the influence of lactobacilli on the proliferative potential of immune system cells after the intragastral administration of viable microbial cells and their native filtrates to mice cba is evaluated. the data have been obtained on the modulating influence of lactobacilli on the formation of t- and b-cell immune response--their role in maintaining homeostatsis and specific features of cell mediated immune reactions after the intragastral administration of virulent shigella dysenteriae for modeli ... | 2004 | 15636142 |
| [development of immunoreagents for the diagnostics of intestinal yersiniosis by antigen-binding lymphocytes]. | to diagnose intestinal yersiniosis, the detection of antigen-binding lymphocytes (abl) with respect to y. enterocolitica o3, o5 and o9 is proposed. experiments on the immunization of rabbits with y. enterocolitica lps of these serovars revealed that immunoreagents, according to the data of cross antigen-dependent rosette formation and its inhibition, had species specificity (abl of rabbits immunized with y. enterocolitica did not interact with salmonella, shigella and y. pseudotuberculosis antig ... | 2004 | 15636146 |
| [construction of sw480 cell model identifying shigella virulent genes]. | signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) is a novel technology with high throughput screening ability to identify virulent genes of pathogen in vivo. an appropriate animal or cell line model is one of prerequisites by exploiting this technique. in order to apply stm to shigella flexneri, rc426 was constructed as an attenuated mutant with chloramphenicol resistance and aroa and virg genes inactivated by homologous recombination; another attenuated strain t32 was used as an oral s. flexneri 2a vaccine d ... | 2004 | 15640048 |
| role of 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae outer membrane proteins in induction of major histocompatibility complex ii-restricted t-cell response. | in the past, many shigella surface antigens were used to activate both t and b lymphocytes but failed to induce antigen-specific responses in shigellosis. our objective was to identify in vitro t-cell components using 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella dysenteriae 1 (ipc-31) outer membrane proteins (omps) in modulating specific t-cell subset responses against shigellosis. | 2004 | 15610914 |
| release of shiga toxin by membrane vesicles in shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains and in vitro effects of antimicrobials on toxin production and release. | effects of various antimicrobials on in vitro shiga toxin production and release by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 was investigated in this study with particular reference to the role of outer membrane vesicles in toxin release by the organism. five antimicrobials, namely nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, fosfomycin and mitomycin c, were chosen for the study and the toxin titre was measured by the reverse passive latex agglutination (rpla) method using an available kit. only mitomycin ... | 2004 | 15611613 |
| [antibiotic treatment of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis]. | the interest of antibiotic treatment of shigella infections: to reduce the carriage and contamination, duration of the symptoms and the risk of complications. the evolution of the treatment: over the past years, strains of shigella sonnei have become resistant to aminopenicillin and cotrimoxazole (treatment recommended till now) and now predominate. inter-human transmission: the shigella reservoir is human. the bacteria are easily transmitted in fecal-oral mode. the populations most at risk are ... | 2004 | 15614179 |
| diarrhea caused by rotavirus in children less than 5 years of age in hanoi, vietnam. | group a rotaviruses are the major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. from march 2001 to april 2002, 836 children less than 5 years of age were investigated in hanoi, vietnam. this included 587 children with diarrhea and 249 age-matched controls. group a rotavirus was identified in 46.7% of the children with diarrhea and 3.6% of the controls, which was a significant difference. within the diarrhea group, the highest prevalence was seen in children from 13 to 24 months of age, and the ... | 2004 | 15583308 |
| evaluation of multiplex pcrs for diagnosis of infection with diarrheagenic escherichia coli and shigella spp. | we have developed two multiplex pcr assays that detect typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) isolates, enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec) isolates, enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) isolates, enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) isolates, shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) isolates, and shigella spp. the targets selected for each group were eae and bfpa for epec isolates, the target of probe cvd432 for eaec isolates, the genes encoding heat-labile and heat-stable toxins for etec is ... | 2004 | 15583323 |
| experimental study on the antibacterial effect of origanum volatile oil on dysentery bacilli in vivo and in vitro. | to observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (ovi) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with shigella sonne (sh. sonnei) and shigella flexneri (sh. flexneri) f2a. after ovi was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of ovi on the infected mice were observed. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. the results showed that origanu ... | 2004 | 15587409 |
| shigellosis : challenges & management issues. | infectious diseases kill about 11 million children each year while acute diarrhoeal diseases account for 3.1 million deaths in children under 5 yr of age, of which 6,00,000 deaths annually are contributed by shigellosis alone. shigellosis, also known as acute bacillary dysentery, is characterized by the passage of loose stools mixed with blood and mucus and accompanied by fever, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. it may be associated with a number of complications of which haemolytic uraemic syndrom ... | 2004 | 15591629 |
| multiple roles of clan (caspase-associated recruitment domain, leucine-rich repeat, and naip ciia het-e, and tp1-containing protein) in the mammalian innate immune response. | naip ciia het-e and tp1 (nacht) family proteins are involved in sensing intracellular pathogens or pathogen-derived molecules, triggering host defense responses resulting in caspase-mediated processing of proinflammatory cytokines and nf-kappab activation. caspase-associated recruitment domain, leucine-rich repeat, and nacht-containing protein (clan), also known as ice protease-activating factor, belongs to a branch of the nacht family that contains proteins carrying caspase-associated recruitme ... | 2004 | 15528373 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157 : h7 genes influencing colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) cause acute gastroenteritis in humans that may be complicated by life-threatening systemic sequelae. the predominant ehec serotype affecting humans in the uk and north america is o157 : h7 and infections are frequently associated with contact with ruminant faeces. strategies to reduce the carriage of ehec in ruminants are expected to lower the incidence of human ehec infections; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying persistence of ehec in ruminan ... | 2004 | 15528651 |
| occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the genus shigella in the republic of korea. | a nationwide survey was carried out in korea to assess the prevalence of shigella strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). from 1991 to 2002, 5,911 clinical strains were isolated and screened for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. twenty of the shigella isolates were esbl positive, based on the synergistic effects between clavulanate and selected beta-lactams (ceftazidime and cefotaxime). nucleotide sequence analysis of these isolates revealed that they harbored ... | 2004 | 15528724 |
| bacteria as dna vaccine carriers for genetic immunization. | genetic immunization with plasmid dna vaccines has proven to be a promising tool in conferring protective immunity in various experimental animal models of infectious diseases or tumors. recent research focuses on the use of bacteria, in particular enteroinvasive species, as effective carriers for dna vaccines. attenuated strains of shigella flexneri, salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica or listeria monocytogenes have shown to be attractive candidates to target dna vaccines to immunological ... | 2004 | 15532991 |
| two-stage anaerobic digestion process for complete inactivation of enteric bacterial pathogens in human night soil. | anaerobic digestion offers a good alternative for human waste treatment. however, the fate of enteric bacterial pathogens present in human night soil (hns) remains a major concern for hygienic safety of the process. a two-stage anaerobic digestion process, consisting of separate acidogenic and methanogenic digesters, was designed and its efficacy in the inactivation of salmonella typhi was compared to a single-stage digestion process. in a single-stage digestion, complete pathogen inactivation w ... | 2004 | 15536996 |
| monitoring of the dissemination of salmonella in the chicken frankfurt-sausage production line of a sausage factory in the state of são paulo, brazil. | poultry meat and its derivatives are among the foodstuffs considered by environmental health authorities to present the highest risks to the public. a total of 185 samples were collected in five monthly batches, from different processing stages in a sausage plant that uses mechanically-deboned chicken meat (mdcm), and tested for the presence of salmonella. enrichment was carried out in both kauffman's tetrathionate broth and rappaport-vassiliadis broth and isolation on salmonella-shigella agar a ... | 2004 | 15543409 |
| spectroscopic quantification of bacteria using artificial neural networks. | fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. five bacterial species (enterococcus faecium, salmonella enteritidis, bacillus cereus, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella boydii) and five escherichia coli strains (o103, o55, o121, o30, o26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 10(9) to 10(3) cfu/ ml. t ... | 2004 | 15553640 |
| bacterial lipid modification of proteins for novel protein engineering applications. | functioning of proteins efficiently at the solid-liquid interface is critical to not only biological but also modern man-made systems such as elisa, liposomes and biosensors. anchoring hydrophilic proteins poses a major challenge in this regard. lipid modification, n-acyl-s-diacylglyceryl-cys, providing an n-terminal hydrophobic membrane anchor is a viable solution that bacteria have successfully evolved but remains unexploited. based on the current understanding of this ubiquitous and unique ba ... | 2004 | 15556968 |
| cloning, sequencing and partial characterisation of sorbitol transporter (srlt) gene encoding phosphotransferase system, glucitol/sorbitol-specific iibc components of erwinia herbicola atcc 21998. | a dna fragment of approximately 1500 bp, harbouring the sorbitol transport gene (srlt), was amplified from the chromosomal dna of erwinia herbicola atcc 21998 by pcr and cloned in escherichia coli jm109. degenerate oligonucleotide primers used were designed based on the conserved regions in the gene sequences within the gut operon of e. coli (gene bank accession no. j02708) and the srl operon of erwinia amylovora (gene bank accession no. y14603). the cloned dna fragment was sequenced and found t ... | 2004 | 15560368 |
| antibiotics in the management of shigellosis. | 2004 | 15571173 | |
| vaccines against cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis for developing countries. | enteric diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis, still produce a significant burden, especially among the poor in countries where these illnesses are endemic. older-generation, parenteral, whole-cell vaccines against cholera and typhoid fever were abandoned in many countries as public health tools because of problems with insufficient protection and/or inadequate safety profiles. modern-generation licensed vaccines are available for cholera and typhoid fever, but are not widely ... | 2004 | 15571456 |
| escape of intracellular shigella from autophagy. | the degradation of undesirable cellular components or organelles, including invading microbes, by autophagy is crucial for cell survival. here, shigella, an invasive bacteria, was found to be able to escape autophagy by secreting icsb by means of the type iii secretion system. mutant bacteria lacking icsb were trapped by autophagy during multiplication within the host cells. icsb did not directly inhibit autophagy. rather, shigella virg, a protein required for intracellular actin-based motility, ... | 2004 | 15576571 |
| experimental analysis of antimicrobial action of dicyclomine hydrochloride. | dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic agent. the mic of dicyclomine against standard strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were performed by nccls broth dilution technique. these drugs showed a rapid killing action on gram positive bacteria, staphylococcus aureus nctc 6571, 8530 and several other reference strains. the killing effect against gram negative bacteria, shigella boydii 8 nctc 254/66 and salmonella typhimurium nctc 74 showed that the drug was bacteriostatic with ... | 2004 | 15577222 |
| mauve: multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements. | as genomes evolve, they undergo large-scale evolutionary processes that present a challenge to sequence comparison not posed by short sequences. recombination causes frequent genome rearrangements, horizontal transfer introduces new sequences into bacterial chromosomes, and deletions remove segments of the genome. consequently, each genome is a mosaic of unique lineage-specific segments, regions shared with a subset of other genomes and segments conserved among all the genomes under consideratio ... | 2004 | 15231754 |
| biological activity of five antibacterial flavonoids from combretum erythrophyllum (combretaceae). | preliminary studies with combretum erythrophyllum showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. seven antibacterial flavonoids were subsequently isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation, i.e. apigenin; genkwanin; 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, rhamnocitrin; kaempferol; quercetin-5,3'-dimethylether; rhamnazin. all compounds had good activity against vibrio cholerae and enterococcus faecalis, with mic values in the range of 25-50 microg/ml. rhamnocitrin and que ... | 2004 | 15234754 |
| prolonged daycare-associated outbreak caused by shigella sonnei--delaware, july 2002-april 2003. | 2004 | 15239384 | |
| update on escherichia coli o157:h7. | escherichia coli o157:h7 infection is one of the more intriguing emerging infectious diseases of the industrialized world. the clinical importance of this organism first came to light in the 1980s and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the united states. the infection is more common in industrialized countries than developing ones and is most closely associated with asymptomatic colonization of cattle. fecal oral transmission is the rule, with the inoculum needed for ... | 2004 | 15245697 |
| essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. | in vitro studies have demonstrated antibacterial activity of essential oils (eos) against listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella dysenteria, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus at levels between 0.2 and 10 microl ml(-1). gram-negative organisms are slightly less susceptible than gram-positive bacteria. a number of eo components has been identified as effective antibacterials, e.g. carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, perillaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and cin ... | 2004 | 15246235 |
| mucosal immunization with attenuated shigella flexneri harboring an influenza hemagglutinin dna vaccine protects mice against a lethal influenza challenge. | mucosal surfaces are important for the induction of immunity against influenza virus. in a murine intranasal immunization model, we demonstrated that the attenuated shigella flexneri deltaasd strain 15d, carrying a dna construct encoding the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha), induces protective immunity against a lethal respiratory challenge with influenza a/wsn/33. influenza virus-specific ifn-gamma t cells were detected among splenocytes, and anti-ha igg was detected in serum post-immunizatio ... | 2004 | 15246259 |
| identification of novel immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri 2a by proteomic methodologies. | shigella spp. are one of the most important etiological factors for people who are living in developing countries and travelers to tropical countries. high priority has been given by the world health organization to the development of vaccines to control shigellosis caused by these bacteria. however, information regarding to profile of immunogenic proteins of shigella is not available now. in the present study, sub-immunoproteomics was applied to screen novel immunogenic proteins which could be ... | 2004 | 15246607 |
| bacillary dysentery as a causative factor of irritable bowel syndrome and its pathogenesis. | the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) or functional bowel disorders (fbd) after bacillary dysentery (bd) has not been extensively evaluated, and little is known of the pathogenesis of post-infective (pi) ibs. therefore, we investigated the incidence of ibs and fbd in a chinese patient population who had recovered from bd. to further elucidate its pathogenesis, neuroimmunological changes, including interleukins (il), mast cells, neuropeptides, and the relationship between mast cells and ... | 2004 | 15247174 |
| improved methods for producing outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. | outer membrane vesicle formation occurs during gram-negative bacterial growth. however, natural production of large amounts of outer membrane vesicles has only been described in a few bacterial genera. the purified vesicles of some bacterial pathogens have shown potential applications in vaccinology and in antibiotic therapy. this study focused on the development of a gene expression system able to induce production of large amounts of outer membrane vesicles. the tol-pal system of escherichia c ... | 2004 | 15249060 |
| detection of approximately 10(3) copies of dna by an electrochemical enzyme-amplified sandwich assay with ambient o(2) as the substrate. | the electrochemical sandwich-type, enzyme-amplified assay of zhang, kim, and heller (anal. chem. 2003, 75, 3267-3269) was simplified by replacing the amplifying horseradish peroxidase with bilirubin oxidase (bod). bod catalyzes the reduction of ambient o(2) to water and obviates the need for adding h(2)o(2). femtomolar (10(-)(15) m) concentrations of dna were detected at a 10-microm-diameter tip of a carbon fiber electrode. correspondingly, a few thousand copies of dna were detected in approxima ... | 2004 | 15253647 |
| cortactin and crk cooperate to trigger actin polymerization during shigella invasion of epithelial cells. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells in a process involving src tyrosine kinase signaling. cortactin, a ubiquitous actin-binding protein present in structures of dynamic actin assembly, is the major protein tyrosine phosphorylated during shigella invasion. here, we report that rna interference silencing of cortactin expression, as does src inhibition in cells expressing kinase-inactive src, interferes with actin polymerization required for the formation ... | 2004 | 15263018 |
| genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae is notable for its well studied human pathogens, including salmonella, yersinia, shigella, and escherichia spp. however, it also contains several plant pathogens. we report the genome sequence of a plant pathogenic enterobacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) strain scri1043, the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases. approximately 33% of eca genes are not shared with sequenced enterobacterial human pathogens, including s ... | 2004 | 15263089 |
| involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of shigella-related seizures. | convulsions are common complications of shigellosis in children. corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), a stress neurohormone, has been implicated in the susceptibility of young children to seizures. we investigated the role of crh in shigella-related seizures. pretreatment with shigella dysenteriae sonicate enhanced mice response to pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizures. preinjection of antalarmin, a crh-receptor 1 antagonist, decreased both the mean convulsion score (mcs: 1.6 vs. 1.1, p<0. ... | 2004 | 15265661 |
| a probabilistic measure for alignment-free sequence comparison. | alignment-free sequence comparison methods are still in the early stages of development compared to those of alignment-based sequence analysis. in this paper, we introduce a probabilistic measure of similarity between two biological sequences without alignment. the method is based on the concept of comparing the similarity/dissimilarity between two constructed markov models. | 2004 | 15271780 |
| perceptions of shigella and of shigella vaccine among rural chinese: compatibility with western models of behavioral change. | shigella remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including china. in response, national and international researchers are actively working to develop vaccines that will be effective against dysentery and diarrhea caused by shigella dysentariae. with the growing recognition of the problems associated with sustained vaccine acceptance and usage, researchers and policy makers recognize the importance of conducting theory-based qualitative research to inform vaccine ... | 2004 | 15272751 |
| antimicrobial use in children under five years with diarrhea in a central region province, thailand. | this cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for treating childhood diarrhea within the public hospital system in a central region province, thailand. reported are findings of a prospective clinical audit of 424 cases treated by 38 physicians. appropriate use of antimicrobials was defined as prescribing antimicrobials for managing an invasive bacterial-type, bloody diarrhea or not prescribing antimicrobials for managing a watery-type or non ... | 2004 | 15272767 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| excision of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri is stimulated by a member of a new subgroup of recombination directionality factors. | pathogenicity islands are capable of excision and insertion within bacterial chromosomes. we describe a protein, rox, that stimulates excision of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. sequence analysis suggests that rox belongs to a new subfamily of recombination directionality factors, which includes proteins from p4, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, and yersinia pestis. | 2004 | 15292162 |
| the omptin family of enterobacterial surface proteases/adhesins: from housekeeping in escherichia coli to systemic spread of yersinia pestis. | the omptins are a family of enterobacterial surface proteases/adhesins that share high sequence identity and a conserved beta-barrel fold in the outer membrane. the omptins are multifunctional, and the individual omptins exhibit differing virulence-associated functions. the pla plasminogen activator of yersinia pestis contributes by several mechanisms to bacterial invasiveness and the systemic, uncontrolled proteolysis in plague. pla proteolytically activates the human proenzyme plasminogen and ... | 2004 | 15293449 |
| identification of escherichia coli o114 o-antigen gene cluster and development of an o114 serogroup-specific pcr assay. | screening for the escherichia coli o serotype is the traditional test for identification of e. coli clones. the o-antigen gene cluster of the e. coli o114 type strain was sequenced, and 12 open reading frames were assigned functions on the basis of homology. by screening against all 186 e. coli and shigella o serotypes, five genes specific to e. coli o114 were identified. a pcr assay based on the o-antigen-specific genes was developed and tested on 41 clinical isolates of e. coli o114. the pcr a ... | 2004 | 15297533 |
| investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. | antimicrobial activities of 10-100% (wt/vol) concentrations of new honey, stored honey, heated honey, ultraviolet-exposed honey, and heated stored honey were tested against common human pathogens, including escherichia coli, entrobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, klebsiella sp., haemophilus influenzae, proteus sp., staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus hemolyticus group b, and candida albicans. antimicrobial activity of honey was tested in acidic, neutral, or alkaline ... | 2004 | 15298770 |
| antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial enteropathogens in north india. | the resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics is increasing both in developing as well as in developed countries. resistance has emerged even to newer, more potent antimicrobial agents. the present study was therefore undertaken to report the current antibiotic resistance in common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in a tertiary care hospital in north india. | 2004 | 15299231 |
| [studies on antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from fungus cephalosporium sp. al031]. | the antibacterial activity of fourteen identified compounds from secondary metabolites of fungus cephalosporium sp. al031 against eleven gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in vitro was investigated by agar diffusion assay. the results suggested that two new compounds [s-(+)-5-hydroxymellein, s-(+)-7-hydroxymellein], together with four known compounds [s-(+)-mellein, 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, 3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and succinic acid] had broad spectrum antibacte ... | 2004 | 15307685 |
| shigellosis - a re-emerging sexually transmitted infection: outbreak in men having sex with men in berlin. | in december 2001, the robert koch-institut (rki) was informed about a cluster of 10 shigella sonnei infections in men who have sex with men (msm), diagnosed in berlin since september 2001. a retrospective investigation on sexual risk factors for infection in all shigella cases from berlin from 2001 was initiated by sending a questionnaire to all patients without known travel history. simultaneously laboratories were asked to send new shigella isolates from patients to the national reference cent ... | 2004 | 15307964 |
| epidemiological features of a newly described serotype of shigella boydii. | we report the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of an emerging serotype, shigella boydii 20. we interviewed patients about symptoms, and history of travel and visitors during the week before illness onset. seventy-five per cent of the 56 patients were hispanic. during the week before illness onset, 18 (32%) travelled abroad; 17 (94%) had visited mexico. eight (21%) out of 38 who had not travelled had foreign visitors. there were eight closely related patterns by pfge with x ... | 2004 | 15310158 |