Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| virological evaluation of domestic water purification devices commonly used in india emphasizes inadequate quality and need for virological standards. | to evaluate the performance of domestic water purification units with respect to contaminating enteric viruses. | 2009 | 19549000 |
| a novel genotype of hepatitis e virus prevalent among farmed rabbits in china. | in total, 335 serum samples were collected from rabbits from two farms in gansu province, china, and tested for anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody using eia and for hev rna using nested rt- pcr with orf2 primers. the overall prevalence of anti-hev antibody and hev rna was 57.0% (191/335) and 7.5% (25/335), respectively. the positivity rate of hev rna in the anti-hev antibody negative group (7.6% (11/144)) did not differ significantly from that in the positive group (7.3% (14/191)). the concor ... | 2009 | 19551838 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection of a plasma donor in germany. | although europe is supposed to be non-endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev), locally acquired human cases are registered, and a relatively high prevalence for anti-hev was found in blood donors in some european countries. transfusion-transmitted infections by contaminated blood products were reported in japan and sporadically in europe. | 2009 | 19555366 |
| development of a neutralization assay for nipah virus using pseudotype particles. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses capable of causing severe disease in humans and animals. these viruses require biosafety level 4 (bsl-4) containment. like other paramyxoviruses, the plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) can be used to detect antibodies to the surface glycoproteins, fusion (f) and attachment (g), and prnt titers give an indication of protective immunity. unfortunately, for niv and hev, the prnt must be performed in bsl-4 containment and ... | 2009 | 19559943 |
| [progress on studies of genotype and prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in animals]. | 2009 | 19565886 | |
| comparative pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free chickens of two strains of avian hepatitis e virus recovered from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome and from a clinically healthy chicken. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is the primary causative agent of hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome in chickens. recently, a genetically unique strain of avian hev, designated avian hev-va, was recovered from healthy chickens in virginia. the objective of this study was to experimentally compare the pathogenicity of the prototype strain recovered from a chicken with hs syndrome and the avian hev-va strain in specific-pathogen-free chickens. an infectious stock of the avian hev-va strain w ... | 2009 | 19570623 |
| effective inhibition of hepatitis e virus replication in a549 cells and piglets by rna interference (rnai) targeting rna-dependent rna polymerase. | rna interference (rnai) is a natural mechanism for suppressing or silencing expression of aberrant or foreign genes. it is a powerful antiviral strategy that has been widely employed to protect hosts from viral infection. hepatitis e (he) is an acute fulminant hepatitis in adults that has particularly high mortality in pregnant women. at this point in time, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment that is effective against the infectious agent, hev. the nonstructural polyprotein region possess ... | 2009 | 19576249 |
| the hepatitis e virus open reading frame 3 product interacts with microtubules and interferes with their dynamics. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e, a major form of viral hepatitis in developing countries. the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of hev encodes a phosphoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 13 kda (hereinafter called vp13). vp13 is essential for establishing hev infections in animals, yet its exact functions are still obscure. our current study found evidence showing interaction between vp13 and microtubules. live-cell confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed bo ... | 2009 | 19369329 |
| development and characterization of a genotype 4 hepatitis e virus cell culture system using a he-jf5/15f strain recovered from a fulminant hepatitis patient. | we developed an efficient cell culture system for genotype 4 hepatitis e virus using the he-jf5/15f strain recovered from a fulminant hepatitis patient. the sixth-passage virus in the culture supernatant reached 1.5 x 10(8) copies/ml at 10 days postinoculation and possessed 10 nucleotide mutations with four amino acid changes. | 2009 | 19369433 |
| value of hepatitis e virus detection by cell culture compared with nested pcr and serological studies by igm and igg. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a well-known cause of sporadic acute hepatitis. the contribution of fecal shedding of the virus to its endemic nature is not frequently studied in underdeveloped countries. the aim of the present study was to detect hev viremia in serum and stool from patients with acute hepatitis by cell culture and by nested reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr. a further aim was to evaluate different methods used for hev detection, including culture by use of hpg11 cell line, pcr, immunog ... | 2009 | 19374667 |
| hepatitis e virus in patients with unexplained hepatitis in finland. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis, especially in developing countries. recently, hev isolates have been identified in humans also in industrialized countries, where it has been considered nonendemic. | 2009 | 19376741 |
| varying abilities of recombinant polypeptides from different regions of hepatitis e virus orf2 and orf3 to detect anti-hev immunoglobulin m. | following infection with hepatitis e virus (hev), anti-hev immunoglobulin (ig) m is thought to develop before anti-hev igg and to be a better marker for differentiating between the acute and convalescent phases of infection. in order to select polypeptides for improved detection of anti-hev igm, six and three overlapping polypeptides from open reading frames (orfs) 2 and 3, respectively, of hev genotypes 1 and 4 were expressed as fusion proteins in escherichia coli. the reactivities of the polyp ... | 2009 | 19382255 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in hong kong. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of the major causes of acute and self-limiting hepatitis in human. in hong kong, the number of notifications increased from 26 to 62 from year 2001 to 2007. this study describes the molecular epidemiology of hev in hong kong in order to determine the movement and distribution of hev. hev in 171 serum samples from hev igm positive cases from year 2001 to 2007 were amplified using rt-pcr and subjected to nucleotide sequencing. phylogenetic analysis showed 162 of 171 ... | 2009 | 19382265 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus immunoglobulin g and m antibodies in adults: a hospital-based study. | sporadic cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occur throughout the year in pakistan. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hev immunoglobulin (ig) g and igm antibodies in 93 hepatitis b and c-negative patients as such patients are not routinely tested further despite having signs and symptoms of hepatitis. anti-hev igg and igm were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay technique. among them five patients (5.4%) were positive for hev igg and igm, with an avera ... | 2009 | 19384037 |
| update on viral hepatitis: 2008. | the present review is a concise review of recent developments in the field of viral hepatitis, based on publications between december 2007 and november 2008. | 2009 | 19387254 |
| full genomic sequence analysis of swine genotype 3 hepatitis e virus isolated from shanghai. | the full genomic nucleotide sequence of a previously identified genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev), strain saas-jdy5, was obtained using rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the genome consisted of 7225 nucleotides, excluding a poly-a tail at the 3' terminus, and contained three open reading frames (orfs), orf-1, orf-2 and orf-3, encoding 1702, 660 and 113 amino acids, respectively. phylogenetic analysis confirmed that saas-jdy5 belonged to genotype 3 hev and was most closely rela ... | 2009 | 19393700 |
| viral load, antibody titers and recombinant open reading frame 2 protein-induced th1/th2 cytokines and cellular immune responses in self-limiting and fulminant hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the predominant cause of water-borne epidemics, sporadic acute viral hepatitis (avh) in adults and fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) among pregnant women and other adults in india. this preliminary study was designed to examine the association of viral load and certain host immune responses with uneventful recovery or progression to fhf. | 2009 | 19401616 |
| virulent strain of hepatitis e virus genotype 3, japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3, which usually causes asymptomatic infection in japan, induced severe hepatitis in 8 patients. to better understand genetic features of hev associated with increased virulence, we determined the complete or near-complete nucleotide sequences of hev from these 8 patients and from 5 swine infected with genotype 3 strain swj19. phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from the 8 patients and the 5 swine grouped separately from the other genotype 3 isolates t ... | 2009 | 19402955 |
| genotype distribution and sequence variation of hepatitis e virus, hong kong. | most acute cases of infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) in hong kong were autochthonous, sporadic, and occurred in older adults. all except 1 isolate belonged to genotype 4; most were phylogenetically related to swine isolates. the epidemiology is similar to that in industrialized countries, where zoonosis is the major source of hev infection in humans. | 2009 | 19402972 |
| reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of hepatitis e virus. | the one-step single-tube betaine-free reverse transcription (rt)-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed for rapid diagnosis of hepatitis e virus. this assay amplified the target gene in less than 45 min (even as short as 20 min) under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees c, and the sensitivity of this assay was 100-fold greater than that of rt-pcr. this assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.045 fg (nine copies/reaction). | 2009 | 19403760 |
| lack of hepatitis e virus infection in hiv patients with advanced immunodeficiency or idiopathic liver enzyme elevations. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmissible rna agent that causes self-limited acute hepatitis. recent reports have highlighted that organ-transplant recipients may develop chronic hepatitis e and progress to cirrhosis. similar cases could occur in hiv patients. we have investigated 50 hiv-infected individuals with cd4 counts <200 cells/mm(3) and 43 with cryptogenic hepatitis. none of them showed hev viremia. thus, hev infection does not seem to be prevalent in the hiv population and ... | 2009 | 19413691 |
| analysis of the properties of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and inhibition of hev infection by specific mab. | eleven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that were reactive against the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), as seen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were obtained. all of these mabs showed neutralizing activity (1:20,000 to 1:800,000) against the 67n strain of hev. they also showed hemagglutination inhibition activity (1:400 to 1:409,600). western blotting tests revealed that all of these 11 mabs were specific for the s protein of hev. all mabs with neutralizing activity showed t ... | 2009 | 19420847 |
| characterization of antigenic epitopes of the orf2 protein from hepatitis e virus genotype 4. | this study was aimed to characterize antigenic epitopes of a newly identified hepatitis e virus (hev) chinese strain of genotype 4. recombinant capsid protein p166chn (amino acids 464-629) and six murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the protein were prepared. the mabs were evaluated for their ability to neutralize a genotype 4 hev strain by an in vitro pcr-based hev neutralization assay. the antigenic epitopes on hev genotype 4 and other different genotypes of hev strains were analyzed b ... | 2009 | 19428747 |
| a neutralization test for specific detection of nipah virus antibodies using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus expressing green fluorescent protein. | nipah virus (niv) is a new zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in 1998 and is now classified in the genus henipavirus along with the closely related hendra virus (hev). niv is highly pathogenic in several vertebrate species including humans, and the lack of available vaccines or specific treatment restricts it to biosafety level 4 (bsl4) containment. a serum neutralization test was developed for measuring niv neutralizing antibodies under bsl2 conditions using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis ... | 2009 | 19433112 |
| [sexually transmissible hepatitis viruses]. | the transmission of hepatitis viruses as a result of sexual activity is a common problem in medical practice. a system of stages is proposed to diagnose viral hepatitis. testing for anti-hbc, hbsag, anti-hav and anti-hcv is sufficient for initial screening. depending on the circumstances, this may be followed by further tests for hbv, hcv and hav. if initial screening provides no evidence, further tests for hev, epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus or other agents are conducted. | 2009 | 19436974 |
| [hev capsid protein interacts with cyp 2a6 and decreases its coumarin 7-hydroxylation activity]. | e2 is a recombinant hepatitis e virus capsid protein including its main antigenic determinants but lacking of the particle assembling domain. p239 was the c-terminal extending protein of e2 and could self-assemble to form virus like particles, which might serve as mimicry of virions both structurally and antigenically. we previously used yeast two-hybrid system to screen proteins interacting with e2 based on a human hepatocyte cdna library. one candidate was identified as the segment (aa388-437) ... | 2009 | 19437879 |
| [design and application of a set of universal pcr primers for genotyping of hepatitis e virus]. | to improve the reliability and credibility of genotyping hepatitis e virus (hev) and to explore the possibility of unifying standards of hev genotyping by designing hev universal primers for amplification of a long genomic fragment of different hev genotypes. a set of universal primers (hevuprimer) was designed based on conserved regions determined by alignment analysis of 82 hev strains with complete genome in genbank. hevuprimer was compared with a set of previously used primers (mxj primers) ... | 2009 | 19437880 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in wild boars of rural and urban regions in germany and whole genome characterization of an endemic strain. | hepatitis e is an increasingly diagnosed human disease in central europe. besides domestic pigs, in which hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is highly prevalent, wild boars have been identified as a possible source of human infection. in order to assess the distribution of hev in the wild boar population of germany, we tested liver samples originating from different geographical regions for the presence of the hev genome and compared the detected sequences to animal and human hev strains. | 2009 | 19442307 |
| endemic hepatitis e in two nordic countries. | antibodies against hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) were found in 248 swedish and danish patients between 1993 and 2007. most patients were symptomatic and tested for anti-hev due to travel abroad. among patients with known country of infection, most were infected in asia, mainly on the indian subcontinent. however, 29 patients were infected in europe, nine of these had hev igm and/or hev rna in serum. in sera from 65 of 141 tested patients hev rna could be detected, and 63 strains could be typed by ... | 2009 | 19442399 |
| first detection of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus rna in river water in cambodia. | to identify and describe hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in aquatic environments in cambodia, we collected two river-water samples from upstream and downstream sites along the siem reap river and examined them for hev using a virus concentration method followed by taqman reverse transcription pcr and genetic analysis of the pcr product. genotype 3 hev strain was detected from the river-water sample collected from the river downstream, indicating that genotype 3 hev strains are circulating in thi ... | 2009 | 19446859 |
| specific association of human parechovirus type 3 with sepsis and fever in young infants, as identified by direct typing of cerebrospinal fluid samples. | human parechoviruses (hpevs), along with human enteroviruses (hevs), are associated with neonatal sepsis and meningitis. we determined the relative importance of these viruses and the specific hpev types involved in the development of central nervous system-associated disease. | 2009 | 19456229 |
| seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus in the northeast of china. | the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of infection and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) in people and animals in the northeast of china (heilongjiang, jilin and liaoning provinces). this seroepidemiological study was conducted using enzyme immunoassays and human sera positive for hev antigen or anti-hev igm, and animal sera positive for hev antigen or with an s/co <or=10 for anti-hev were tested for hev rna using real-time rt-pcr and nested rt-pcr. in humans, the overall prevale ... | 2009 | 19460321 |
| the expression, purification, and immunogenicity of a new chimeric virus-like particle. | virus-like particles (vlps) are highly immunogenic. in this study, gene fragments encoding hepatitis a virus (hav) vp1 (aa 24-171), a hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 gene fragment encoding aa 431-615, and gene fragments encoding a nine-peptide linker were spliced together. the spliced gene fragments were then inserted into the expression vector pbv220, resulting in the recombinant plasmid pbv-ea342, which expressed a 342-amino acid fusion protein. the fusion protein was expressed in escherichia col ... | 2009 | 19210228 |
| metagenomic analyses of viruses in stool samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis. | we analyzed viral nucleic acids in stool samples collected from 35 south asian children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis (afp). sequence-independent reverse transcription and pcr amplification of capsid-protected, nuclease-resistant viral nucleic acids were followed by dna sequencing and sequence similarity searches. limited sanger sequencing (35 to 240 subclones per sample) identified an average of 1.4 distinct eukaryotic viruses per sample, while pyrosequencing yielded 2.6 viruses per sam ... | 2009 | 19211756 |
| relationships among viral diagnostic markers and markers of liver function in acute hepatitis e. | diagnosis of acute hepatitis e has been based in many clinics predominantly on detection of anti-hev (hepatitis e virus) antibody. now, new assays have been developed to detect other hev markers. our aim was to investigate the relationships among hev diagnostic markers and liver function markers in acute hepatitis e. | 2009 | 19214676 |
| serological evidence of infection with hepatitis e virus among wild yezo-deer, cervus nippon yesoensis, in hokkaido, japan. | in this study, 520 serum samples from yezo-deer in the hidaka district, hokkaido, japan were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate whether the animals were infected with hepatitis e virus (hev). the distribution of optical density values showed a bimodal pattern and 181 samples (34.8%) were deemed to be antibody-positive against hev. at least five (2.8%) of the positive sera gave specific bands by western blot analysis. an age-dependent increase in prevalence of the antibo ... | 2009 | 19215576 |
| potent human monoclonal antibodies against sars cov, nipah and hendra viruses. | background: recently, several potently neutralizing fully human monoclonal antibodies (hmabs) targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars cov) s glycoprotein, and the g glycoprotein of the paramyxoviruses hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) have been discovered [corrected]. objective: to examine, compare and contrast the functional characteristics of hmabs with the potential for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by sars cov, hev and niv. methods: ... | 2009 | 19216624 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england: more common than it seems. | indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) is increasingly diagnosed in england due to a better awareness and understanding of the virus. however, the true burden of infection and therefore its implication to public health remains undefined. | 2009 | 19217345 |
| characterization and zoonotic potential of endemic hepatitis e virus (hev) strains in humans and animals in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute, fecally transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. identification of hev in indigenous human infection and in domestic pig raising the possibility that hev infection is also a zoonosis. objectives/study design: molecular detection and epidemiology of hev in humans (south-east hungary) with acute hepatitis and in domestic (pig, cattle) and wild (boar and roe-deer) animals (countrywide) by elisa and rt-pcr. | 2009 | 19217346 |
| isolation and characterization of a genotype 4 hepatitis e virus strain from an infant in china. | in the present study, a genotype 4 hev strain was identified in the fecal specimen from a seven months old infant with no symptom of hepatitis in shanghai children's hospital. the full capsid protein gene (orf2) sequence of this strain was determined by rt-pcr method. sequence analysis based on the full orf2 sequence indicated that this hev strain shared the highest sequence identity (97.6%) with another human hev strain isolated from a japanese patient who was infected by genotype 4 hev during ... | 2009 | 19220877 |
| clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in babies born to hev-infected mothers. | infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev) causes a self-limiting acute hepatitis. however, prolonged viremia and chronic hepatitis has been reported in organ transplant recipients. vertically transmitted hev infection is known to cause acute hepatitis in newborn babies. the clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted hev infection in neonates in not known. we studied 19 babies born to hev infected mothers. babies were studied at birth and on a monthly basis to evaluate cli ... | 2009 | 19228284 |
| [molecular epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in hungary: endemic, food-borne zoonosis]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is one of a common cause of acute, fecally transmitted hepatitis in developing countries. identification of hev in indigenous human infection and in domestic pig raises the possibility that hev infection is also a zoonosis. | 2009 | 19228570 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among pet dogs in the jiang-zhe area of china. | in order to investigate the prevalence of hev infection and immunity in pet dogs in the jiang-zhe area of china, we examined 192 dog serum samples collected from 11 animal hospitals in this area for anti-hev igg and hev rna, using elisa and rt-pcr assays, respectively. two dogs were injected intravenously with swine hev to obtain anti-hev antibody positive serum for elisa assay. after the elisa assay, 26 samples showing od values higher than 0.20 were selected and examined by dot-blot assay, and ... | 2009 | 19229761 |
| full-length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus derived from a pig in thailand. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in pigs was investigated in two principal swine farming areas in thailand. anti-hev antibodies and hev rna in sera were examined in 258 pigs reared on five commercial farms from age 1 to 6.5 months and sows. overall, 167 of 258 (64.7%) pigs were positive for anti-hev igg, while 20 of 258 (7.75%) had detectable hev rna. sequence analysis of 20 hev isolates obtained from viremic pigs revealed that they were 92.3-100% identical to each other and had 82.2-88.2% nucl ... | 2009 | 19235846 |
| sources of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 in the netherlands. | non-travel-related hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 infections in persons in the netherlands may have a zoonotic, foodborne, or water-borne origin. possible reservoirs for hev transmission by water, food, and animals were studied. hev genotype 3/open reading frame 2 sequences were detected in 53% of pig farms, 4% of wild boar feces, and 17% of surface water samples. hev sequences grouped within 4 genotype 3 clusters, of which 1 is so far unique to the netherlands. the 2 largest clusters contai ... | 2009 | 19239749 |
| hepatitis e virus antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease. | in the united states, the seroprevalence rate for hepatitis e virus (hev) is approximately 20%. this study examined hev seroprevalence in persons with and without chronic liver disease. our data indicate that hev seropositivity is high in patients with chronic liver disease and that hev seroprevalence increases significantly with age. | 2009 | 19239770 |
| detection and molecular characterization of swine hepatitis e virus in north carolina swine herds and their faecal wastes. | recent findings of almost genetically indistinguishable swine and human strains, have suggested swine play a role in the transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev). the extent to which hev may be present and persist in the faecal waste generated from intensive swine operations is largely unknown. the fate of swine waste liquid is often land application, possibly resulting in unintentional seepage into groundwater or run-off into surface waters, hence validating concerns of human exposure risks. fre ... | 2009 | 19240360 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys of a recombinant orf2 protein from hepatitis e virus genotype 4. | several antigens derived from hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 1 strains have shown immunogenicity and efficacy against hepatitis e in primates and humans. however, the protective effect of a vaccine derived from hev genotype 4 has not been studied. this study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the t1-orf2 (56 kda) capsid protein derived from hev strain t1 (genotype 4) in rhesus monkeys. two doses (40 microg) of alum-absorbed t1-orf2 capsid protein were administered ... | 2009 | 19240977 |
| pseudotumor cerebri in childhood hepatitis e virus infection. | 2009 | 19245388 | |
| hev infection as an aetiologic factor for acute hepatitis: experience from a tertiary hospital in bangladesh. | acute hepatitis is seen sporadically round the year in bangladesh. the incidence of acute viral hepatitis e increases after floods as this allows sewerage contamination of piped and groundwater. the aim of this retrospective study was to assess the burden of hepatitis e virus (hev infection) in bangladesh. patients attending the hepatology unit iii of the bangabandhu sheikh mujib medical university, during june 2004-december 2006, were included in the study. all viral markers were tested by enzy ... | 2009 | 19248644 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e in northeastern china, south korea and japan. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in northeastern asia is unknown. this study was conducted to gain insight into the epidemiology of hev that has been obscure in northeastern china, south korea and japan. | 2009 | 19249101 |
| hepatitis e: a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. | to investigate the etiology of acute hepatitis in adult patients admitted in a hospital. | 2009 | 19260572 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a 7-year-old boy with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. | 2009 | 19262255 | |
| sequence analysis and comparison of avian hepatitis e viruses from australia and europe indicate the existence of different genotypes. | avian hepevirus infections were detected in chickens suffering from big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in australia, the usa and europe. available data indicate their genetic relationship to mammalian hepatitis e virus (hev). in the present study, the near-complete genomic sequences of an australian and a european isolate of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) are reported for the first time. furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship to other avian hevs is determine ... | 2009 | 19264623 |
| orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus interacts with the bbeta chain of fibrinogen resulting in decreased fibrinogen secretion from huh-7 cells. | the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus (hev), the precise cellular functions of which remain obscure, was used in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify its cellular binding partners. one of the identified interacting partners was fibrinogen bbeta protein. the orf3-fibrinogen bbeta interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in mammalian cells. fibrinogen is a hepatic acute-phase protein and serves as a central molecule that maintains host homeosta ... | 2009 | 19264644 |
| open reading frame structure analysis as a novel genotyping tool for hepatitis e virus and the subsequent discovery of an inter-genotype recombinant. | accurate viral genotyping is important. here i investigate genotypes in hepatitis e virus (hev) and find that the open reading frame (orf) structure (the lengths of three orfs and the overlapping relationships among the orfs) can be a good criterion for genotyping hev. an inter-genotype recombinant (genbank accession no. dq450072) was revealed by analysing the orf structure and confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. this discovery of the inter-genotype recombinant indicates that genotyping in hev s ... | 2009 | 19264661 |
| simulating henipavirus multicycle replication in a screening assay leads to identification of a promising candidate for therapy. | nipah (niv) and hendra (hev) viruses are emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses that cause encephalitis in humans, with fatality rates of up to 75%. we designed a new high-throughput screening (hts) assay for inhibitors of infection based on envelope glycoprotein pseudotypes. the assay simulates multicycle replication and thus identifies inhibitors that target several stages of the viral life cycle, but it still can be carried out under biosafety level 2 (bsl-2) conditions. these features permit a sc ... | 2009 | 19264786 |
| clinical features and predictors of outcome in acute hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus hepatitis on cirrhosis. | acute hepatitis a and e are recognized triggers of hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis, particularly from the indian subcontinent. however, the resulting acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) has not been well characterized and no large studies are available. our study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and predictors of 3-month mortality in patients with this distinctive form of liver failure. | 2009 | 19267864 |
| sporadic acute hepatitis e occurred constantly during the last decade in northeast japan. | recent studies have shown that indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) strains cause hepatitis e in industrialized countries. we aimed to clarify the characteristics of hev infection in sporadic hepatitis patients during the last decade in miyagi, northeast japan. | 2009 | 19271116 |
| role of acute viral hepatitis as a confounding factor in antituberculosis treatment induced hepatotoxicity. | drug induced hepatotoxicity (dih) is an important and commonly encountered adverse effect with antituberculosis (anti-tb) treatment. acute viral hepatitis (avh) is an important confounding reason which clinically, biochemically and histologically mimics dih. | 2009 | 19287059 |
| dengue fever with hepatitis e and hepatitis a infection. | infection with dengue viruses produces a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal haemorrhagic disease. important risk factors include the strain and serotype of the infecting virus, as well as the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the patient. the teaching point in this case study was dengue fever which occurred concomitantly with hepatitis a and hepatitis e virus infection. | 2009 | 19288948 |
| chronic hepatitis after hepatitis e virus infection in a patient with non-hodgkin lymphoma taking rituximab. | 2009 | 19293084 | |
| acute viral hepatitis morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis e virus infection: uzbekistan surveillance data. | in uzbekistan, routine serologic testing has not been available to differentiate etiologies of acute viral hepatitis (avh). to determine the age groups most affected by hepatitis e virus (hev) during documented avh epidemics, trends in avh-associated mortality rate (mr) per 100,000 over a 15-year period and reported incidence of avh over a 35-year period were examined. | 2009 | 19320984 |
| good performance of immunoglobulin m assays in diagnosing genotype 3 hepatitis e virus infections. | we have evaluated three anti-hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) immunoglobulin m (igm) assays, the eiagen hev igm assay (adaltis), the hev igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 3.0, and the assure hev igm rapid test (mp diagnostics), for the routine detection of acute genotype 3 hev. their sensitivities were fairly good (90%, 88%, and 82%), and their specificities were excellent (100%, 99.5%, and 100%). | 2009 | 19321696 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of sporadic hepatitis e virus in eastern china.]. | to understand phylogenetic characteristics of sporadic hepatitis e virus (hev) in eastern china. | 2009 | 20193312 |
| [progress of research on transmission and pathogenesis of hepatitis e virus.]. | 2009 | 20193321 | |
| co-infections due to leptospira, dengue and hepatitis e: a diagnostic challenge. | a case of mixed infection due to leptospira, dengue and hepatitis e is reported. similar clinical presentation and simultaneous transmission of these diseases during rainy season can cause substantial misdiagnosis. serological tests play a mainstay in diagnosis. early detection by appropriate serological tests and institution of therapy is crucial and life saving. | 2009 | 20130379 |
| [investigation epidemiology and sub-clinical infection of hepatitis e in voluntary blood donors in south zhejiang]. | to investigate the southern region of zhejiang hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. | 2009 | 20104773 |
| [analysis of liver function index and clinical characters in 122 patients with acute hepatitis e virus coinfection with other hepatitis virus]. | to compare the liver function index and clinical characters in 122 patients with acute hepatitis e virus overlapping with other infection. | 2009 | 20104784 |
| [study progress on hepatitis e]. | 10%-20% of acute clinical sporatic hepatitis is hepatitis e (he). he has a severe diaease low mortality in general population of about 0.5-1.5%. it has been reported as severe disease and the mortality increased to 20% in pregnant women and old people. china is high-epidemic for hepatitis e virus (hev). hev is mainly transmitted through faecal-oral route, data also showed that hev could be transferred through blood donation. the epidemiology, diagnostics and vaccine development of he is reviewed ... | 2009 | 20077743 |
| [genotype distribution of enterovirus a species isolated in shandong province, china]. | in order to study the genotypes and molecular evolution of human enterovirus (hev) a species in shandong province, stool samples were collected from afp and hfmd patients in shandong province and virus isolation was performed. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) specific for ev71 and cva16 were performed with the virus isolates from hfmd patients. positive isolates were selected for entire vp1 coding gene amplification and sequencing. isolates with negative pcr results and ... | 2009 | 20077929 |
| general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis a, b, c, and e in six regions of china: a cross-sectional study in 2007. | viral hepatitis is a serious health burden worldwide. to date, few reports have addressed the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e in china. therefore, the general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis remain unknown. | 2009 | 20041146 |
| hepatitis e virus. | 2009 | 21048820 | |
| hepatitis e virus. | 2009 | 20575308 | |
| hepatitis e virus infection among pig handlers in accra, ghana. | to determine the correlates of hepatitis e virus infection (hev) in a sample of persons who work with pigs. | 2009 | 20575309 |
| seroepidemiology and role of polymerase chain reaction to detect viremia in an epidemic of hepatitis e in western india. | in an outbreak of hepatitis e affecting 859 individuals, we evaluated the titres of serological markers (igm anti-hev and igg anti-hev) and hepatitis e virus (hev) rna by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | 2008 | 19323088 |
| investigation of viral hepatitis e outbreak in a town in haryana. | an outbreak of 160 cases of viral hepatitis which occurred in shahbad, haryana, was investigated to ascertain the agent, cause of the outbreak and to initiate remedial measures. out of the 30 samples tested, 26 (86.7%) were positive for igm antibody against hev, establishing hepatitis e virus responsible for the outbreak. significant association of higher attack rates (4%) in ward 14 (or = 17.9; 95% ci = 12.7-25.2) of the town along with leakage in water distribution system running co-existent w ... | 2008 | 19579716 |
| [hepatitis viruses infection situation in mianyang of the sichuan province]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in mianyang of the sichuan province. | 2008 | 19544642 |
| [antibody detection and sequencing analysis of hepatitis e virus in human population, swine and chicken in sichuan region in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hev infection and genotype. | 2008 | 19544648 |
| hepatitis e vaccine. | hepatitis e is an emerging disease in resource-poor regions of the world. it is estimated that about 2 billion people live in areas endemic for this disease. the inability to reproducibly culture hepatitis e virus makes it impossible to develop traditional live or inactivated vaccines. however, significant progress has been made in developing and testing recombinant subunit vaccines based on the viral capsid protein. this review summarizes these efforts. | 2008 | 19669259 |
| risk profiles of pork and poultry meat and risk ratings of various pathogen/product combinations. | risk profiles of pork and poultry meat were carried out using an excel-based software program, risk ranger. it is a semi-quantitative risk estimator answering various questions relating to the probability of exposure to a hazard, susceptibility of the population of interest, severity of the illness caused by the hazard if present and probability of food containing an infectious dose. therefore, qualitative and quantitative inputs were used to estimate and rank the risk of various hazards/food co ... | 2008 | 18602180 |
| prevalence of four different subgenotypes of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus among swine in the shanghai area of china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which swine was reported as major reservoirs. hev has been divided into 4 different genotypes according to phylogenetic analysis. recent reports showed that genotype 4 hev is freely transmitted between humans and swine in eastern china, including shanghai area. this paper investigated the recent infection status of hev among swine population of shanghai area in china. | 2008 | 18513433 |
| chronic hepatitis e and organ transplants. | 2008 | 18525056 | |
| [case of domestically infected hepatitis e with marked thrombocytopenia]. | a 52-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for fever, jaundice, and general malaise. laboratory data revealed elevated serum liver enzyme levels (ast 2377iu/l, alt 2756iu/l) and bilirubin (t-bil 3.7 mg/dl). blood count showed a marked decrease of platelets (2.0 x 10(4)/microl). serological and virological analysis showed positive results for hev igm and hev rna, indicating a diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. the serum ferritin level was also markedly elevated (23200 ng/ml). a diagnosis of viru ... | 2008 | 18525191 |
| [the preliminary analysis of the recognition epitopes of anti-hev monoclonal antibodies on hev orf2]. | western blot, capture-pcr, blocking elisa and synthetic polypeptides were used to systematically study the recognition epitopes on hev orf2 of 23 anti-hev monoclonal antibodies(mcabs) which were previously generated in our laboratory directed against hev orf2. results showed that seven mcabs recognized linear epitopes that located at aa408-458 of hev orf2 and 16 conformation-dependent mcabs, most of which recognized the surface epitopes of native hev, located at aa459-606 of hev orf2. the system ... | 2008 | 18533338 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of a hepatitis e virus from european swine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in humans and in a broad range of animals, including pigs. for the first time the full-length genomic sequence of a hev of european porcine origin, termed swx07-e1, was determined. comparative analysis of 76 complete or nearly complete nucleotide sequences showed that swx07-e1 shares the highest nucleotide identity with japanese swine hev swj8-5 and swj12-4. the whole-genome phylogenetic analysis showed that swx07-e1 from europe belongs to genotype-3 hev ... | 2008 | 18535896 |
| widespread diffusion of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus among farming swine in northern italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis in humans, and infects several animal species, mostly asymptomatically. swine and human hev strains are genetically related suggesting both a zoonotic and a possible foodborne transmission. the prevalence of swine hev was investigated in 274 randomly selected pigs from six different swine farms of northern italy, testing viral rna in stools by nested reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. hev genome was detected in 115 stools (42%). all fa ... | 2008 | 18538512 |
| occupational exposure to hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine workers. | the aim of this work was to study the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and the risk factors for the acquisition of the virus in a population in contact with swine and unexposed to swine. a total of 198 individuals, 97 unexposed (49%) and 101 exposed (51%) to swine, were tested for the presence of hev infection. the prevalence of anti-hev igg in the exposed group was 18.8% versus 4.1% in the unexposed to swine group. people exposed to swine were observed to be 5.4 times (p = 0.03) at risk of ... | 2008 | 18541786 |
| cross-species infection of specific-pathogen-free pigs by a genotype 4 strain of human hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important pathogen. the animal strain of hev, swine hev, is related to human hev. the genotype 3 swine hev can infect humans and genotype 3 human hev can infect pigs. the genotype 4 swine and human hev strains are genetically related, but it is unknown whether genotype 4 human hev can infect pigs. a swine bioassay was utilized in this study to determine whether genotype 4 human hev can infect pigs. fifteen, 4-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided into t ... | 2008 | 18551597 |
| the detection and characterization of hepatitis e virus in pig livers from retail markets of india. | the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) is a well-established fact and pigs are known reservoirs of the virus. the human and swine hev from countries such as the usa, japan and taiwan, show a remarkable sequence identity. swine liver samples from markets in japan and us were shown to be hev rna positive. in contrast, in india, viruses belonging to different genotypes, that is, genotypes 1 and 4 circulate in humans and pigs respectively, at least for the last 20 years. to assess poss ... | 2008 | 18551611 |
| investigation of hepatitis e virus infection in swine from hunan province, china. | nine hundred and four serum samples were collected from pigs from 16 pig farms in china's hunan province and tested for anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody and the hev capsid antigen using eias. of the 904 samples, 617 (68.3%) and 57 (6.3%) were positive for anti-hev antibody and antigen, respectively. the prevalence of hev antibodies and detection of antigen varied significantly among pigs from different farms (p < 0.01). the positivity rate for anti-hev antibody and occurrence of high titer ... | 2008 | 18551612 |
| [hepatitis e: vaccine in a near future?]. | 2008 | 18556093 | |
| a recombinant subunit vaccine formulation protects against lethal nipah virus challenge in cats. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are closely related deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses that have emerged and re-emerged over the last 10 years. in this study, a subunit vaccine formulation containing only recombinant, soluble, attachment glycoprotein from hev (sg(hev)) and cpg adjuvant was evaluated as a potential niv vaccine in the cat model. different amounts of sg(hev) were employed and sg-induced immunity was examined. vaccinated animals demonstrated varying levels of niv-specific ig s ... | 2008 | 18556094 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e in nahavand, islamic republic of iran: a population-based study. | a 2-month community-based survey in february/march of 2003 was carried out to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in nahavand, islamic republic of iran. from each of 6 urban regions of nahavand, 304 inhabitants > or = 6 years were recruited through systematic random sampling (total 1824). participants were tested for anti-hev igg using elisa. the overall seroprevalence of hev was 9.3% (95% ci: 8.2%-10.9%). based on multivariate adjustment, only sex (or = 1.61, 95% ci: 1 ... | 2008 | 18557463 |
| hepatitis e virus-related cirrhosis in kidney- and kidney-pancreas-transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was thought to be responsible for acute hepatitis that did not become chronic. however, we have recently reported that hev infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis, at least in solid-organ transplant patients. we report on two cases of rapidly progressive of hev-related cirrhosis that occurred in two organ-transplant patients. case 1: a kidney-pancreas-transplant patient developed acute hev hepatitis 60 months after transplantation, which evolved to chronicity ... | 2008 | 18557740 |
| hepatitis e virus infection dynamics and organic distribution in naturally infected pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm. | the objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a naturally infected, farrow-to-finish herd. for that purpose, a prospective study was conducted in randomly selected 19 sows and 45 piglets. blood samples were collected from sows at 1 week post-farrowing and from piglets at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 22 weeks of age. furthermore 3 or 5 animals were necropsied at each bleeding day (but at 1 week of age), and serum, bile, liver, mesenteric lym ... | 2008 | 18562132 |
| development and validation of a negative-strand-specific reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of a chicken strain of hepatitis e virus: identification of nonliver replication sites. | as a positive-strand rna virus, hepatitis e virus (hev) produces an intermediate negative-strand rna when it replicates. thus, the detection of negative-strand viral rna is indicative of hev replication. the objective of this study was to develop a negative-strand-specific reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the identification of extrahepatic sites of hev replication. briefly, a 494-bp fragment within the orf1 gene of a chicken strain of hev (designated avian hev) was amplified and clon ... | 2008 | 18562592 |
| isolation, detection and characterization of swine hepatitis e virus from herds in costa rica. | although swine hev isolates from north america, europe, and asia have been genetically characterized, little is known about the strains presumed to be circulating in latin america. in this study, seven commercial swine production sites in costa rica were surveyed for hev. using rt-pcr, with primers located in orf2, 19/52 fecal samples produced a product of the expected size following two rounds of amplification. most positive samples were from swine between the ages of 1.5 and 4 months. this stu ... | 2008 | 18569145 |
| impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus. | pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvdpvs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. most cvdpvs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) and human enterovirus species c (hev-c). to study the role of hev-c sequences in the phenotype of cvdpvs, we generated a series of recombinants between a madagascar cvdpv isolate and its parental opv type 2 strain. results indicated that the hev-c sequences present in t ... | 2008 | 18579607 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis e virus igg seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease. | to report the natural history of autochthonous hepatitis e and hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in southwest england. | 2008 | 18617784 |