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effects of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination. 200717889236
rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and the role of oncogenic human papilloma virus.to document the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal (op) cancer and to provide evidence that this increase is caused by oncogenic human papilloma virus (hpv).200717891052
interobserver agreement in the evaluation of digitized cervical images.to estimate the agreement among multiple expert colposcopists evaluating high-resolution digitized cervigrams taken from patients with a variety of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection states and previous cervigram interpretations.200717906017
bug breakfast in the bulletin: human papilloma virus.the bug breakfast topic for october was human papilloma virus (hpv). the presenters covered the epidemiology of hpv, the newly introduced hpv vaccine and social and psychological issues relating to hpv vaccination.200717907356
p16(ink4a) immunocytochemistry in liquid-based cytology samples in equivocal pap smears: added value in management of women with equivocal pap smear.to test whether p1l6(ink4a) immunocytochemistry (icc) in liquid-based cytology (lbc) is useful with colposcopy in abnormal pap smears.200717910346
clinical aspects of epidermodysplasia verruciformis and review of the literature.epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev), is an unusual genodermatosis characterized by persistent human papilloma virus infection with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. clinically, it is characterized by flat wart-like lesions, scaly hypo- and hyperpigmented macules and/or patches, which resemble pityriasis versicolor, and development of early beginning nonmelanoma cutaneous carcinomas.200717910717
[mucosotropic papillomavirus genotypes in the italian population]. 200717912182
determination of human papillomavirus type 16 genotype and construction of cloning vector ptz57r encoding hpv16 e7 gene.to isolate and construct a cloning vector containing the human papillomavirus (hpv)16-e7 gene as a target for application as a dna vaccine.200717914510
herd immunity. 200717915372
2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ.to provide updated consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or adenocarcinoma in situ (ais).200717917567
cost-effectiveness of adding human papilloma virus testing to a managed care cervical cancer screening program.the purpose of this study was to demonstrate a methodology for auditing the impact of hcii testing on the direct cost of cervical cancer cytological screening, where the test is collected in all women screened and processed routinely in women age 30 years and older.200717917570
human papillomavirus vaccine. 200717874469
update on vaccination against human papillomavirus (hpv).hpv vaccine offers a new approach to preventing hpv and associated conditions. the vaccine has mainly been studied in young women, and clinical trials have supported its efficacy in preventing genital warts and cervical precancers caused by targeted hpv types. while health care experts and others endorse the use of the vaccine, they disagree on making it mandatory. for now, lawmakers would like further discussion and debate before pushing legislation to make the vaccine a legal requirement.200717877102
[study on the genotyping of human papillomavirus using a new dna liquid chip in women of high-risk group of shandong province].to evaluate the diagnostic applicability of human papillomavirus (hpv) liquid chip assay which is based on luminex xmap system, and perform a hpv epidemiologic study with the liquid chip in women of shandong province.200717877181
a doctor talks about hpv vaccination. 200717726760
re: "multiparameter calibration of a natural history model of cervical cancer". 200717728268
national vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years--united states, 2006.before 2005, vaccines were administered during adolescence to "catch up" children with vaccinations not received at a younger age, with the exception of the tetanus and diphtheria (td) booster. however, since 2005, three new vaccines specifically for older children have been licensed and recommended in the united states: meningococcal conjugate vaccine (mcv4) for those aged 11-12 years and 15 years; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (tdap) vaccine for those aged ...200717728694
expression of p53 and its homolog, p73, in hpv dna positive oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas.several studies have detected human papilloma virus (hpv) dna in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (oscc). in this study, we analysed oscc specimens from 114 patients for the presence of hpv dna, and p53 and p73 expression. hpv dna was detected in 44.7% of cases, with the low risk hpv11 occurring most frequently. p53 and p73 expression was detected in 70% and 61.4% of cases, respectively. there was no correlation between expression of p53, p73 or hpv infection and tumour grade, or betwee ...200717761206
[analysis of demethylation-related hpv16 reactivation by dhplc-primer extension assay].to establish a sensitive assay to detect methylation status of the critical 7862nt cpg site related to transcription of hpv16 e6 and e7 genes.200717767865
human papillomavirus: e6 and e7 oncogenes.the recognition of a causal relationship between human papillomaviruses and cancer almost 30 years ago led to a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field, resulting in the description of the main mediators of hpv-induced carcinogenesis, the viral proteins e6 and e7. these oncoproteins show a remarkable pleiotropism in binding host-cell proteins, with the tumour suppressor genes p53 and prb as their major targets. these interactions induce proliferation, immortalization and malignant transformati ...200717768080
[antisense targeting to human papillomavirus 18 e6/e7 affects the proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma: an in vitro experiment with hela cells].to investigate the effect of eukaryotic fluorescent expression vector carrying antisense human papillomavirus (hpv) 18 e6/e7 on the growth and proliferation of human cervical carcinoma.200717803852
human papillomavirus e6 regulates the cytoskeleton dynamics of keratinocytes through targeted degradation of p53.the attachment and spreading of keratinocyte cells result from interactions between integrins and immobilized extracellular matrix molecules. human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 augmented the kinetics of cell spreading, while e6 genes from hpv-11 or bovine papillomavirus type 1 did not. the ability of e6 to interact with the e6ap ubiquitin ligase and target p53 degradation was required to augment cell-spreading kinetics; dominant negative p53 alleles also enhanced the kinetics of cell sprea ...200717804489
racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence rates in the united states, 1992-2003.differences in cervical cancer incidence rates by race/ethnicity persist in the united states. we examined these differences by histologic type and by various patient and socioeconomic characteristics.200717805982
combination of intratumoral injections of vaccinia virus mva expressing gm-csf and immunization with dna vaccine prolongs the survival of mice bearing hpv16 induced tumors with downregulated expression of mhc class i molecules.downregulation of mhc class i molecules is believed to be often the cause of tumor immune escape and at the same time it is the major obstacle to t-cell based immunotherapy of tumors. in our experimental model, the c57bl/6 mice bearing tumors induced by tc-1/a9 cells characterized by expression of hpv16 oncogenes and downregulation of h-2b molecules were immunized with highly immunogenic e7ggg.gus dna vaccine expressing the fused gene of modified hpv16 e7 (e7ggg) with e.coli beta-glucuronidase ( ...200717822323
human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncoprotein inhibits apoptosis mediated by nuclear insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 by enhancing its ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation.the e7 protein encoded by the oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 has been shown to bind and inactivate insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (igfbp-3), the pro-apoptotic product of a tumour suppressor gene; however, the molecular mechanism underlying e7-induced inactivation of igfbp-3 remained uncertain. in this study, we map the igfbp-3-binding domain for e7 to the nuclear localization signal in the conserved c-terminal domain of igfbp-3. moreover, we demonstrate that both proteins i ...200717827406
relationship between the expression of telomerase and human papillomavirus infection in invasive uterine cervical carcinoma.telomerase activity was examined in invasive cervical carcinoma to assess whether it is activated during cervical malignant transformation and to look for its possible association with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. histologically confirmed invasive cervical carcinomas and benign cervices were assayed for telomerase activity by using a modified telomere repeat amplification protocol (trap). the same cases were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of hpv by using consensu ...200717828509
strategic plans to promote head and neck cancer translational research within the radiation therapy oncology group: a report from the translational research program.head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the united states, with an overall survival rate of approximately 40-50%. in an effort to improve patient outcomes, research efforts designed to maximize benefit and reduce toxicities of therapy are in progress. basic research in cancer biology has accelerated this endeavor and provided preclinical data and technology to support clinically relevant advances in early detection, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. recent completion of the h ...200717848300
an oncolytic mutant of herpes simplex virus type-1 in which replication is governed by a promoter/enhancer of human papillomavirus type-16.although herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) can be used as an oncolytic virus it has the undesirable side effect of neurotoxicity. to create a virus with improved specificity for oral cancer we used a fragment of human papillomavirus type-16, which is frequently found in oral and cervical cancers, but not elsewhere. the upstream regulatory region, urr16, was shown to have a high level of transcriptional activity in three of four oral cancer cell lines but low activity in three cell lines derive ...200717853922
human papillomavirus dna detection in thinprep pap test vials is independent of cytologic sampling of the transformation zone.sampling of the transformation zone (tz) and endocervical cells (ec) has been widely regarded as a quality indicator in cervical screening programs; however, the significance of a tz/ec sample (tz/ecs) in promoting disease detection remains a matter of controversy. because little data are available on the relationship between tz/ec sampling and hpv dna test results, we examined whether or not there is a measurable association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrhpv) dna test results and tz ...200717854873
evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method and hybrid capture ii (hcii) assay for the detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapings.in order to investigate the reliability of detecting hpv dna in cervical smears, we compared the performance of nested my/gp pcr and fda approved-hybrid capture ii (hcii) using clinical cervical scrapings from 40 patients. it was found that pcr was more sensitive (81.8%) in comparison to hcii (36.4%) in detecting hpv although specificity of hcii was much higher (96.6%) than pcr (58.6%). the negative predictive value (npv) of both the techniques were quite similar but positive predictive value (p ...200718246908
[experiencing pregnancy with human papillomavirus: a case study].this is a case study which theoretical reference is the calgary model of family evaluation (cmfe). the aim was to understand the experience of a pregnant woman with vulvar condilomatosis caused by human papillomavirus (hpv), and to understand the changes in family dynamics after the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of hpv. the study was conducted at a reference institution in gynecology in fortaleza, ceará, brazil. data were collected fiom october 2003 through april 2004. data were analyzed usi ...200718183695
[progression and regression low grade intraepitelial squamous lesions in context of positivity of high risk human papillomavirus].evaluation of regression and progression of histologically confirmed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lg sil) in women under the age of 35 in context of positivity of high risk human papillomavirus (hpv hr). evaluation of sensitivity of pap smear and hpv hr test in women with lg sil.200718175519
female genital warts.genital warts are a clinical manifestation of hpv types 6 and 11, and are estimated to affect 1% of sexually active adults aged between 15 and 49. hpv leading to a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from benign warts to malignant neoplasms, depending on the location of the lesion, the immune status of the patient and the type of hpv. current therapies for human papillomavirus-associated disease are based on the excision or ablation of involved tissue and are associated with a high frequen ...200718159964
prognostic significance of tp53 mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma with human papilloma virus infection.the aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of mutated tp53 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) whose tumors were infected with human papillomavirus (hpv).200718161655
human papillomavirus infection and the development of cervical cancer and related genital neoplasias.the human papillomaviruses (hpv) are simple, nonenveloped, double-stranded dna viruses, which are responsible for an enormous global burden of genital disease. hpv is associated with 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 250,000 cervical cancer deaths worldwide each year. oncogenic hpv types 16 and 18 are responsible for a majority of cervical cancers and can also cause low- and high-grade cervical lesions (cin 1, 2, 3) as well as high-grade vulvar or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (vin or ...200718162244
treatment options for the common wart.common warts, caused by the ubiquitous human papillomavirus, are a nuisance to both patient and physician. while a multitude of treatment options exist, none are both highly effective and well-tolerated. we present the available therapeutic strategies to combat the common wart.200718210913
human papillomavirus (hpv), dna aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.human papillomavirus (hpv) infections of the genital tract are sexually transmitted and prevalent worldwide. in this study, the role of hpv in 72 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated.200718214063
human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines: a canadian update.a common sexually transmitted infection, human papillomavirus (hpv) has been linked to the development of cervical, anogenital, and head and neck cancers and genital warts. (2) several randomized controlled trials have explored the efficacy and safety of two vaccines for primary prevention of infection by hpv types 16 and 18, those most commonly implicated in the development of cervical cancer. (3) an hpv vaccine, gardasil, was approved in canada in 2006, and a second vaccine, cervarix, is under ...200718062141
review: vaccines against human papillomavirus prevent cervical cancer precursors in young women for at least 3 years. 200718063728
molecular testing of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens.to improve the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia by early detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) in uterine cervix, by adding molecular testing of hpv using hybrid capture 2 (hc2) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests to papanicolaou (pap) test.200718060207
feline cutaneous viral papilloma associated with human papillomavirus type 9.a 12-year-old domestic shorthaired cat developed a multinodular exophytic mass on the dorsal surface of the nose. the skin surrounding the mass was nonpigmented, and actinic keratosis had been diagnosed in this area 3 years previously. histologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, papillomatosis, koilocytosis, and possible intranuclear viral inclusions. polymerase chain reaction amplified papillomaviral deoxyribonucleic acid from formalin-fixed samples of the lesion. seq ...200718039907
a focused antibody library for selecting scfvs expressed at high levels in the cytoplasm.intrabodies are defined as antibody molecules which are ectopically expressed inside the cell. such intrabodies can be used to visualize or inhibit the targeted antigen in living cells. however, most antibody fragments cannot be used as intrabodies because they do not fold under the reducing conditions of the cell cytosol and nucleus.200718034894
human papillomaviruses activate caspases upon epithelial differentiation to induce viral genome amplification.the life cycle of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is linked to epithelial differentiation, with late viral events restricted to the uppermost stratified layers. our studies indicated that hpv activates capases-3, -7, and -9 upon differentiation, whereas minimal activation was observed in differentiating normal keratinocytes. activation occurred in the absence of significant levels of apoptosis, suggesting a potential role for caspases in the viral life cycle. in support of this, the addition of ca ...200718048335
[modern prevention strategies of cervical cancer].cervical cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. its incidence is still increasing with lower average onset age. mass screening should be above prevention and treatment, and three screening programs, including the optimal program, the general program, and the basic program, are currently adopted in china. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) , a precancerous lesion, can be confirmed by the combined use of cytology, colposcopy, and histology and then managed with sta ...200718051708
[relationship between human papillomavirus 16 infection and the expression of p33(ing1b), human telomerase reverse transcriptase in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of uygur female in xinjiang uygur autonomous region].to explore the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 infection and the expression of p33(ing1b), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of uygur female in xinjiang uygur autonomous region.200718051711
[human papillomavirus types and their related diseases].with the development of biomolecular technology, more human papillomavirus (hpv) types have been found to be related with various diseases. high-risk hpv 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 61 have shown causal relationship with cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, oral cavity, and oropharynx. low-risk hpv 6 and 11 have shown causal relationship with genital warts. hpv may also cause cancer of the larynx. however, the relationships between hpv and esophagus and lung cancers are still contr ...200718051728
cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination in mexico: a transmission dynamic model-based evaluation.we examined the potential health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) 6/11/16/18 vaccination strategies in the mexican population using a multi-hpv type dynamic transmission model. assuming similar cervical screening practices, with or without vaccination, we examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies for 12 year-old females, with or without male vaccination, and temporary age 12-24 catch-up vaccination for females or both sexes. t ...200718055075
[hpv vaccination and cervical cancer screening]. 200718057470
binding of human papilloma virus l1 virus-like particles to dendritic cells is mediated through heparan sulfates and induces immune activation.immunization using human papilloma virus (hpv)-l1 virus-like particles (vlps) induces a robust and effective immune response, which has recently resulted in the implementation of the hpv-l1 vlp vaccination in health programs. however, during infection, hpv can escape immune surveillance leading to latency and disease. dendritic cells (dcs) induce effective immune responses after vaccination, but might also induce immune modulation during infection. the interaction of hpv-l1 vlps with mucosal dcs ...200718086370
squamous cell carcinomas in children and young adults: a new wave of a very rare tumor?squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) seem to have become more common recently. this study aims to check whether the increase is real and to review possible etiologic factors and problems in diagnosis.200718082703
[intraepithelial lesions and neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus infection].anogenital lesions induced by human papillomaviruses (hpv) are due to both high-risk hpv types involved in carcinogenesis of the cervix (and also, to a lesser extent, of the vulva, anus and vagina) and to low-risk hpv types that cause external genital warts in the perianal region, perineum, vulva and vagina (less often the cervix). cervical cancer is thus virus-induced, and there is a continuum from intraepithelial lesions to invasive cancer. this offers the opportunity to screen cervical smears ...200718072656
[virological and carcinogenic aspects of hpv].human papillomaviruses are small viruses belonging to the papillomaviridae. more than 100 genotypes have been identified, causing benign (low-risk hpv) or malignant (high-risk hpv) cutaneous or mucosal lesions. the low-risk hpv6 and hpv11 provoke genital warts, while the high-risk hpv16 and hpv18 can cause cervical cancer. the hpvgenome includes several open reading frames that encode proteins involved in viral dna replication (e1 and e2), viral gene expression regulation (e2), virus assembly (e ...200718072657
genetic variability in e6 and e7 genes of human papillomavirus -16, -18, -31 and -33 from hiv-1-positive women in italy.among 544 hiv-positive women screened for hpv-dna between 2003 and 2005, 265 (48.7%) were hpv-positive: 24 (9.1%) harboured hpv-16, 21 (7.9%) hpv-31, 12 (4.5%) hpv-18, 7 (2.6%) hpv-33. e6 and e7 of these hpv types were sequenced to assess their diversity. ranges of inter- and intra-variant diversity were 1.2-3-3%, and 0.8-1.8 for e6 and 0.6-2.7%, and 0.6-2.0% for e7, respectively. hpv-31, the second most common hpv type, showed the highest diversity for both regions. on the whole, 26 out of 59 m ...200718080672
human papillomavirus genotyping after denaturation of specimens for hybrid capture 2 testing: feasibility study for the hpv persistence and progression cohort.human papillomavirus (hpv) genotyping could be clinically useful, depending on the results of large, prospective studies like the hpv persistence and progression (pap) cohort. the cohort is based on genotyping and follow-up of hybrid capture-positive women at kaiser permanente, northern california. hpv dna testing by hybrid capture 2 requires denaturation with alkali, possibly damaging the dna for optimal pcr-based genotyping. a feasibility study was conducted on paired aliquots of anonymized sp ...200717673302
human papillomavirus infections in primary care.cervical cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide. the incidence and mortality associated with invasive cervical cancer have declined significantly in developed countries due to widespread availability of screening with the papanicolaou (pap) test. however, the incidence and prevalence of non-invasive cervical intraepithelial neoplasms and genital warts related to oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of human papilloma viruses (hpv) have remained relatively stable. recent adva ...200718086908
type-specific antiviral antibodies to genital human papillomavirus types in mothers and newborns.type-specific antibodies to human papillomaviruses (hpvs) can be detected in most infected adult patients, and they have virus-neutralizing properties. however, there is a dearth of information on the seroprevalence of maternal and neonatal antibodies to hpv capsid antigens. sera from 104 mothers, their newborns, and 3 twin pregnancies were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of specific igg, igm, and iga antibodies to virus-like particles of hpv-6, -11, -16 ...200718089599
cancer vaccines: a new frontier in prevention and treatment.vaccines have been exceptionally effective against diseases such as smallpox, measles, chickenpox, and polio. they are among the safest and most cost-effective agents for disease prevention. in recent years, vaccination has been considered for other diseases, including aids and cancer. cancer vaccines can be categorized as preventive or therapeutic. preventive vaccines, which are commercially available for cervical cancer and liver cancer, block infection with the causative agents of human papil ...200718154203
[human papilloma virus genotyping assay using restriction fragment mass polymorphism analysis, and its comparison with sequencing and hybrid capture assays].infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) is the main cause of cervical cancer, and hpv genotyping is of increasing importance for determining clinical course and management of the disease based on the hpv genotypes. here, we established a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) assay, termed restriction fragment mass polymorphism (rfmp) that is suitable for genotyping multiple hpv in an accurate and high-throughput manner. we evaluated ...200718094553
[study on the correlation between human papillomavirus infection and cervical lesion among women living in community of beijing].to observe the correlation between human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cervical lesion among women living in community of beijing.200718399136
[study on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in relation to human papillomavirus and co-factors: a case-control study in china and australia].this study was to elucidate the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) types and cofactors in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin).200718399139
[effects of hpv 16-e6/e7 oncogene on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line]. 200718307884
[combined endolaryngeal videoendoscopic surgery and photodynamic treatment of patients with recurrent laryngeal and tracheal papillomatosis].two-stage combined treatment of chronic recurrent papillomatosis of the larynx and trachea has been designed and tested in p.a. herzen research cancer institute. stage i of the treatment consisted in endolaryngeal videoendoscopic surgery with nd:yag-laser destruction, argon-plasma coagulation and electroresection of the papilloma; stage ii - postoperative photodynamic therapy (pdt) to prevent recurrence. in 1995-2007 the treatment was given to 32 patients aged 10-66 years with recurrent papillom ...200718163084
the effect of different dna isolation methods on the outcome of high-risk hpv testing.high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) testing is widely used, but different dna isolation methods may give variable results in pcr determinations. to evaluate the effect of different dna isolation methods on the hpv results, dna was isolated from 180 consecutive cervical samples with the manual amplilute kit, or the standard automated or a modified magnapure lc (mplc) protocol. the dna was then tested for hr-hpv with the amplicor hpv-test, and the hpv-genotype was determined with the linear ar ...200718306539
[genital warts associated with hpv infection during ii and iii trimester of pregnancy--a case report and analysis of treatment options].more than 30 hpv types can infect the genital tract. viral infection can be present in clinical, subclinical or latent form. a visible genital form of hpv infection are genital warts, which are commonly caused by hpv types 6 and 11, and appear on the vulva, cervix, vagina, urethra and anus. oncogenic hpv types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 are also found in genital warts and are associated with vulval (vii), cervical (cin) and anal (ain) intraepithelial neoplasia. the general prevalence of hpv infection ...200718306923
human papilloma virus vaccines and their role in cancer prevention.the introduction of the human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine is the single most important advance in the prevention of cervical cancer since the introduction of cervical cytology half a century ago. vaccination should ideally occur prior to a female's first sexual experience. this article suggests that the hpv vaccine should be publicly funded in new zealand.200718264198
human papillomavirus vaccines and the potential for cross-protection between related hpv types.the majority of human papillomavirus (hpv) belong to the genus alpha-papillomavirus, which can be further subdivided into species and then strains. approximately 200 strains of hpv have been identified, and the whole genomes of approximately 100 strains have been (discovered) and completely sequenced. between 13 and 18 hpv strains have been characterized as conferring a high oncogenic risk, with 12 of these strains belonging to the hpv species 7 (hpv-18, -39, -45, -59, -68) and species 9 (hpv-16 ...200718499916
[vaccines for precancer and cancer of uterine cervix. i. prophylactic hpv vaccines].the causative relation of human papilloma virus with the cervical cancer and its precursors is well known. effective vaccines, based on virus like particles (l1 and l2) against these viruses have been developed. they ensure primary prophylaxis through the production of neutralized antibodies. in this connection, the present review summarized the existing world experience of the clinical application of the developed bi- and quadrivalent hpv vaccines, according to beginning of their occurrence.200718333418
[expression of hpv16 l1 protein in insect cell suspension culture system].to express the l1 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) in insect cell suspension culture system.200718322600
[esophagitis in patients with acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome: an histological and immunohistochemistry study].almost all patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome will have gastrointestinal symptoms during the course of their illness. the high prevalence and complications of esophagitis are well documented.200718317649
cryotherapy for anogenital warts: factors affecting therapeutic response.human papilloma virus genital infection remains a treatment dilemma; there is still no gold standard therapy, treatment options are limited, expensive and often ineffective, and recurrence rates are relatively high. the primary objective of this study is to establish the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cryotherapy in the treatment of these lesions. from 1999 to 2003, 100 consecutive patients with at least ten genital warts were treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy using a cotton-tipped ...200718318999
[vaccination against human papillomavirus. implementation and efficacy against cervical cancer control].the two new hpv vaccines (gardasil quadrivalent and cervarix bivalent 16,11) are both effective against hpv types 16 and 18, which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers, and the quadrivalent vaccine is effective against hpv 6 and 11, responsible for genital warts. their efficacy is 100% if they are administered before exposure to hpv 16,18. the proven duration of protection against high-grade cervical lesions is currently 5 years, and the need for boosters is unknown. cervical cancer scree ...200718663976
the human papillomavirus vaccine: the promise of cervical cancer prevention. 200718923736
anal cancer in renal transplant patients.a comprehensive literature review was performed to examine the prevalence of anal cancer, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) and anal human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in renal transplant recipients who are at risk of anal cancer due to iatrogenic immunosuppression.200716133005
papillomavirus type 16 e6/e7 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase in esophageal cell immortalization and early transformation.infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and up-regulation of telomerase in esophageal adenocarcinoma. we immortalized normal esophageal epithelial cells by over-expression of the hpv16 e6/e7 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) genes. hpv16 e6/e7-induced immortalization was accompanied by reduced rb and p53, but increased p16 and p21, protein expression. htert-immortalized cells had unaffecte ...200716488074
human papillomavirus type 77 e7 protein is a weak deregulator of cell cycle.human papillomavirus type 77 is a skin type found in non-melanoma skin cancers of immuno-compromised individuals. although, the hpv77 e6 oncoprotein has been well studied, nothing is known about e7. studies on mucosal hpv types (e.g. hpv16) showed that e7 deregulates the cell cycle by binding to and promoting degradation of retinoblastoma protein (prb). here, we characterized the impact of hpv77 e7 on the cell cycle. we observed that hpv77 e7 associated with prb with a lower affinity than hpv16 ...200716650526
thinprep cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus detection on evaluating the efficacy of loop electrosurgical excision procedure in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 200716730873
erbb4 (jm-b/cyt-1)-induced expression and phosphorylation of c-jun is abrogated by human papillomavirus type 16 e5 protein.human papillomavirus type 16 e5 (hpv-16 e5) is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein with weak-transforming activity, which is associated with erbb4 receptor in hpv-16-infected cervical lesions. presently, we investigated the transforming mechanisms of e5 involving erbb4 signaling. firstly, we report a role for erbb4 (jm-b/cyt-1) receptor that activates c-jun gene expression and phosphorylating at ser63 and ser73 of the c-jun protein in ligand-independent and ras-c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase-depe ...200716819515
hpv16 l1 capsid protein expressed from viable adenovirus recombinants elicits neutralizing antibody in mice.immunization against human papillomavirus (hpv) infection promises to reduce the worldwide burden of cervical cancer. to evaluate the potential of live recombinant adenoviruses for induction of hpv infection-blocking immunity, we prepared viable adenovirus recombinants that express the hpv16 l1 gene from the adenovirus major late transcriptional unit. adenovirus-produced hpv16 l1 assembles into virus-like particles (vlps) in infected cells in culture. purified hpv16 vlps are recognized by hpv16 ...200716914239
dna viruses in human cancer: an integrated overview on fundamental mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis.the first experimental data suggesting that neoplasm development in animals might be influenced by infectious agents were published in the early 1900s. however, conclusive evidence that dna viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of some human cancers only emerged in the 1950s, when epstein-barr virus (ebv) was discovered within burkitt lymphoma cells. besides ebv, other dna viruses consistently associated with human cancers are the hepatitis b virus (hbv), human papillomavirus (hpv), and kaposi ...200716814460
new paradigm for prevention of cervical cancer.human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is an event responsible for the development of cervical cancer and its premalignant dysplasia. prophylactic vaccines based on virus-like particles (vlps) have been successfully tested in clinical trials. they are safe, close to 100% effective in preventing persistent infection and premalignant disease, and are now being introduced onto the market. vaccination should be offered primarily to young girls and adolescents 9-15 years of age. vaccine introduction fa ...200716973254
viral oncoproteins target the dna methyltransferases.small dna tumour viruses have evolved a number of mechanisms to drive nondividing cells into s phase. virally encoded oncoproteins such as adenovirus e1a and human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 can bind an array of cellular proteins to override proliferation arrest. the dna methyltransferase dnmt1 is the major mammalian enzyme responsible for maintaining cpg methylation patterns in the cell following replication. one of the hallmarks of tumour cells is disrupted dna methylation patterns, highlighting ...200716983344
the history of the angiogenic switch concept.spontaneously arising tumor cells are not usually angiogenic at first. the phenotypic switch to angiogenesis is usually accomplished by a substet that induces new capillaries that then converge toward the tumor. the switch clearly involves more than simple upregulation of angiogenic activity and is thought to be the result of a net balance of positive and negative regulators. tumor growth is although to require disruption of this balance and hence this switch must turned on for cancer progressio ...200716990761
is there an epidemiological link between human papillomavirus dna and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx?the epidemiological link between human papillomavirus (hpv) dna and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (bscc) of the pharynx was studied. the expression of p53 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. the presence of hpv dna was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction amplification and "in situ" hybridization. the tobacco and alcohol consumption and the clinical outcomes of nine patients with bscc of the pharynx are compared with site and stage matched 109 conventional squamous cell c ...200716979930
exploring the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and communication preferences of the general public regarding hpv: findings from cdc focus group research and implications for practice.genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the united states, causing genital warts, cervical cell abnormalities, and cervical cancer in women. to inform hpv education efforts, 35 focus groups were conducted with members of the general public, stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, and urban/rural location. focus groups explored participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about hpv and a hypothetical hpv vaccine as well as their communication ...200717000622
establishment of immortalized dental follicle cells for generating periodontal ligament in vivo.the dental follicle is a mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the developing tooth germ. during tooth root formation, periodontal components, viz., cementum, periodontal ligament (pdl), and alveolar bone, are created by dental follicle progenitors. here, we report the presence of pdl progenitors in mouse dental follicle (mdf) cells. mdf cells were obtained from mouse incisor tooth germs and immortalized by the expression of a mutant human papilloma virus type 16 e6 gene lacking the pdz-domain-bindi ...200717013589
interferon regulatory factor-1 regulates reconstituted extracellular matrix (recm)-mediated apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells.interactions between extracellular matrix (ecm) and mammary epithelial cells are critical for mammary gland homeostasis and apoptotic signaling. interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) is a transcriptional regulator that promotes apoptosis during mammary gland involution and p53-independent apoptosis. we have recently shown that rapid cell surface tamoxifen (tam) signaling promotes apoptosis in normal human mammary epithelial cells that were acutely damaged by expression of human papillomavirus t ...200717016442
amino acid substitutions that specifically impair the transcriptional activity of papillomavirus e2 affect binding to the long isoform of brd4.the e2 protein of papillomaviruses binds to specific sites in the viral genome to regulate its transcription, replication and segregation in mitosis. amino acid substitutions in the transactivation domain (tad) of e2, of arg37 and ile73, have been shown previously to impair the transcriptional activity of the protein but not its ability to support viral dna replication. to understand the biochemical basis of this defect, we have used the tads of a low-risk (hpv11) and a high-risk (hpv31) human p ...200717023018
combined human papillomavirus dna and human papillomavirus-like particle serologic assay to identify women at risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.the objective of this study was to assess the utility of a second generation human papillomavirus (hpv) virus-like particle (vlp)-based elisa as an adjunct to hpv dna testing to identify women at risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). participants provided blood, cervical samples and interviewer-obtained questionnaire information. hpv vlps for types 16, 18, 33, 45 and 52 were produced using a baculovirus expression system. these highly purified vlps were used in a polymer- ...200717036320
gadd45alpha does not modulate the carboplatin or 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in human papillomavirus-positive cells.gadd45alpha is shown to be induced by a wide spectrum of dna-damaging agents and implicated in negative regulation of cell growth by causing g2-m arrest or induction of apoptosis. in the present study, we explored the involvement of p53 in the promoter activation of gadd45alpha as well as the role of gadd45alpha in carboplatin (carb) or 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-induced apoptosis in human papillomavirus virus (hpv)-positive hep-2 and hela cells. we report that carb or 5-fu upregulate gadd45alpha and ...200717063488
impact of utilizing p16ink4a immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests.the histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2,3 (cin 2,3) is subjective and prone to variability. in our study, we analyzed the impact of utilizing a biomarker (p16(ink4a)) together with histopathology to refine the "gold standard" utilized for evaluating the performance of 3 different cervical cancer screening tests: cervical cytology, human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (via). cervical biopsies from 2 south african cervi ...200717066437
noninfectious papilloma virus-like particles inhibit hiv-1 replication: implications for immune control of hiv-1 infection by il-27.human papilloma virus (hpv)-like particles (vlps) have been used as a vaccine to prevent hpv infection. recent studies demonstrate that vlps bind to dendritic cells and induce the expression of antiviral cytokines such as interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha), interleukin-10 (il-10) and ifn-gamma. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of vlps on hiv-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), cd4+ t cells, and macrophages. here, we show that vlps suppress the replication of both ...200717068156
hpv-18 e7 conjugates to c-myc and mediates its transcriptional activity.several reports in the literature have indicated that the e6 not only elevates the level of c-myc level but that the protein also associates with the myc complex and activates myc-responsive genes. there would seem to be a mechanism by which this oncogene can modulate cell proliferation and differentiation. furthermore, an increase in c-myc levels has also observed during ectopic expression of hpv e7 alone. using the yeast two-hybrid system, we further found that the c-myc interacts and forms a ...200717070091
modified hpv16 e7/hsp70 dna vaccine with high safety and enhanced cellular immunity represses murine lung metastatic tumors with downregulated expression of mhc class i molecules.to explore whether the modified e7-hsp70, which has been introduced mutations in two zinc-binding motifs of e7, will eliminate its transformation potential and enhance the immunogenicity of fusion protein and repress e7 containing tumors with a low level of mhc-i molecules to lung metastatic in murine model.200717081598
human papillomavirus is commonly present in psoriatic skin and normal skin samples from healthy subjects. 200717081733
penile, urethral, and seminal sampling for diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection in men.methods that used specimens from three genital sites (penile brushing [pb], urethral brushing [ub], and the retrieval of semen [se]) from 50 men were examined for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna detection. the rates of detection by pb, ub, se, pb and ub, and pb and se were 88.9%, 50.0%, 33.3%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively. the use of pb and ub appears to be the most accurate method; as an alternative to ub, the use of se with pb could be used to improve the rate of hpv dna detection in men.200717093029
risk of cervical cancer associated with chlamydia trachomatis antibodies by histology, hpv type and hpv cofactors.human papillomavirus (hpv) is the central etiologic factor for cervical cancer, and prior studies suggested c. trachomatis may act as an hpv cofactor. we examined the c. trachomatis-cervical cancer association by serotype, histology, hpv type in the tumor, and other hpv cofactors. we conducted a population-based study in the seattle-puget sound area of 302 women with invasive squamous cell carcinomas (scc), 185 women with adenocarcinomas of the cervix (ac), and 318 hpv seropositive control women ...200717096345
whole genome tiling path array cgh analysis of segmental copy number alterations in cervical cancer cell lines.cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, with high risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) constituting the major etiological agent. however, only a small percentage of women infected by the virus develop disease, suggesting that additional host genetic alterations are necessary for disease progression. in this study we examined the genomes of a panel of commonly used model cervical cancer cell lines using a recently developed whole genome tiling path array fo ...200717096350
hypermethylation of two consecutive tumor suppressor genes, blu and rassf1a, located at 3p21.3 in cervical neoplasias.although initiated by human papillomavirus (hpv), cervical carcinogenesis demands other cofactors to shape its natural course. epigenetic effects such as dna methylation, are considered to contribute to carcinogenesis process.200717097722
the association between knowledge of hpv and feelings of stigma, shame and anxiety.to test the hypotheses that (1) women who know that human papillomavirus (hpv) is sexually transmitted will expect to experience higher levels of stigma, shame and anxiety if they test positive for the virus than women who are not aware of the mode of transmission and (2) women who are aware of the high prevalence of hpv infection will expect to experience lower levels of stigma, shame and anxiety than women who underestimate its prevalence.200717098767
high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncogene associates with cdc25a over-expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.cells expressing high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 protein display impaired checkpoint control after dna damage and exhibit elevated rates of mutagenesis. repression of hpv e7 expression results in the subsequent accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and repression of the cdc25a genes. no study has been conducted to elucidate the role of cdc25a in the development and progression of human oral carcinomas. to confirm cdc25a protein expression together with hpv, immunohist ...200717111124
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