Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| effectiveness of immunization against paralytic poliomyelitis in nigeria. | the number of cases of paralytic poliomyelitis has declined in nigeria since the introduction of newly licensed monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines and new techniques of vaccine delivery. understanding the relative contribution of these vaccines and the improved coverage to the decline in incident cases is essential for future planning. | 2008 | 18923171 |
| licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and guidance for use as a booster dose. | on june 24, 2008, the food and drug administration licensed a combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed (dtap) and inactivated poliovirus (ipv) vaccine, dtap-ipv (kinrix, glaxosmithkline biologicals, rixensart, belgium). kinrix is licensed for use as the fifth dose of the dtap vaccine series and the fourth dose of the ipv series in children aged 4-6 years whose previous dtap vaccine doses were dtap (infanrix, glaxosmithkline) and/or dtap-hepatitis b-ipv (pediarix, ... | 2008 | 18830212 |
| polio outbreak response in ethiopia. | ethiopia had been polio-free for almost four years until december 2004. however, between december 2004 and february 2006, 24 children were paralysed as a result of infection with wild poliovirus imported from the neighbouring country of sudan. in response, the country has attempted to document the impact of various response measures on the containment of wild poliovirus transmission. | 2008 | 18814532 |
| oral poliovirus vaccine in management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) is reported to be effective in treatment of recurrent herpes simplex (rhs). according to our observation during recent years, opv was not only effective in management of rhs but also in some patients with concomitant recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) reducing its severity and frequency. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of opv in the management of ras. in a longitudinal, case--control study 48 patients with ras were recruited. twenty patients ... | 2008 | 18800598 |
| oral polio vaccination leads to oligoclonal expansion of tcrbv16+ and tcrbv13+ t cells in the colon of rhesus macaques. | in studying immune responses towards the poliovirus, data about t cell mediated immunity in the intestine as the main portal of viral entry in disease and vaccination is lacking. we treated two macaques with oral polio vaccine and collected duodenal and colonic biopsy specimens. rna isolation, reverse transcription, and polymerase chain reaction were performed for fragment analysis of the complementarity determining region 3 (cdr3) of the t cell receptor beta chain variable region (tcrbv), follo ... | 2008 | 18775423 |
| progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--nigeria, january 2007-august 12, 2008. | nigeria is one of only four countries that have never interrupted poliovirus transmission (the others are afghanistan, india, and pakistan). a resurgence in wild poliovirus (wpv) transmission occurred in nigeria during 2003-2004 after a loss of public confidence in oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) and suspension of supplementary immunization activities (sias)* in several northern states. subsequently, wpv spread within nigeria and ultimately into 20 previously polio-free countries during 2003-2006. ... | 2008 | 18756194 |
| epidemiology of poliomyelitis--options and update. | poliomyelitis is a disease of major public health importance. since the launch of the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative in 1988, considerable progress has been achieved globally. at present, the causative agent for the disease--poliovirus--remains endemic in only four countries (afghanistan, india, nigeria and pakistan). the poliovirus eradication plan, as outlined in the who strategic plan for 2004--2008, incorporates priority activities for each phase of the plan: (i) polio eradicati ... | 2008 | 18755232 |
| 2005 poliovirus eradication: poliovirus presence in cyprus 2 years after. | the last case of polio in cyprus caused by a wild-type poliovirus occurred in 1995. since then cyprus belongs to the countries considered poliovirus-free by the who. the aim of this study was to confirm the absence of any circulating wild-type polioviruses and to monitor vaccine-derived polioviruses in cyprus by analysis of sewages. during the course of this study no wild-type polioviruses were identified, although the identification of viable oral poliovirus vaccine isolates confirmed the prese ... | 2008 | 18725734 |
| world wide experience with inactivated poliovirus vaccine. | as part of the global poliovirus eradication strategy, oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) has successfully contributed to reduce polio incidence rates globally. however, because of the opv-related risks of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (vdpvs) opv cessation is required in order to achieve complete eradication of polio. inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) is a viable option for incorporation into existing vaccination schedules so as to avoid these ... | 2008 | 18680777 |
| isolation of a type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv) from an iranian child with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. | type 3 immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (ivdpvs) were isolated from a 15-month-old iranian boy with acute flaccid paralysis (afp) who was subsequently diagnosed with x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla). vp1 nucleotide sequences of the two isolates differed from sabin 3 by 2.0% and 2.1% and from each other by 0.6%. although the key determinant of attenuation and temperature sensitivity in the 5'-untranslated region (u(472)-->c) had reverted, a second capsid-region determinan ... | 2008 | 18674576 |
| a population-based, postlicensure evaluation of the safety of a combination diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine in a large managed care organization. | prelicensure studies of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, inactivated polio virus vaccine suggested that there were higher rates of fever after its administration than when its component antigens were given separately. | 2008 | 19047220 |
| [the control of infectious diseases: obligatory or optional vaccination? poliomyelitis: towards eradication?]. | the change from obligatory to optional or recommended vaccination seems to be inevitable. with obligatory vaccination more than 90% of children are adequately vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis and hepatitis b. in contrast, with an optional or recommended vaccination strategy, it is difficult to obtain control and eradication. at the present time, polio eradication is about 99% but to achieve total eradication will require a considerable organizational and economic investment. ... | 2008 | 19014107 |
| new generation of inactivated poliovirus vaccines for universal immunization after eradication of poliomyelitis. | twenty years of global polio eradication efforts may soon eliminate the transmission of wild-type poliovirus. however, new information that has been learned about poliovirus, as well as the political realities of a modern world, demand that universal immunity against poliomyelitis be maintained, even after wild-type poliovirus is eradicated. although 2 excellent vaccines have proven to be highly effective in the past, neither the live-attenuated vaccine nor the currently used inactivated vaccine ... | 2008 | 18990066 |
| paralysis case and contact spread of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus, spain. | 2008 | 18976579 | |
| serological survey on immunity status against polioviruses in children and adolescents living in a border region, apulia (southern italy). | in 1988 the world health assembly adopted the goal to eradicate poliomyelitis by routine immunization using oral polio vaccine (opv). on 21 june 2002 the who european region was declared polio-free. in 2008 poliomyelitis is still endemic in 4 countries (nigeria, india, pakistan, and afghanistan), where 1201 new cases were registered in 2007; 107 sporadic cases were also notified in countries where poliovirus is not endemic. the aim of this work was to verify the level of antipoliomyelitis immuni ... | 2008 | 18973678 |
| estimating the extent of vaccine-derived poliovirus infection. | eight outbreaks of paralytic polio attributable to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cvdpv) have highlighted the risks associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) use in areas of low vaccination coverage and poor hygiene. as the polio eradication initiative enters its final stages, it is important to consider the extent to which these viruses spread under different conditions, so that appropriate strategies can be devised to prevent or respond to future cvdpv outbreaks. | 2008 | 18958288 |
| effectiveness of inactivated poliovirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18957180 | |
| recommendations of 2nd national consultative meeting of indian academy of pediatrics (iap) on polio eradication and improvement of routine immunization. | persistence of intense wild poliovirus (wpv) transmission, particularly type 3 in northern india necessitated the indian academy of pediatrics (iap) to convene a national consultative meeting to review its earlier recommendations on polio eradication and improvement of routine immunization. | 2008 | 18515925 |
| the risks, costs, and benefits of possible future global policies for managing polioviruses. | we assessed the costs, risks, and benefits of possible future major policy decisions on vaccination, surveillance, response plans, and containment following global eradication of wild polioviruses. | 2008 | 18511720 |
| road map for polio eradication--establishing the link with millennium development goal no. 4 for child survival. | the global polio eradication program, started in 1988, initially targeted the year 2000 for the worldwide elimination of the disease. although poliovirus transmission has been markedly reduced, it has not been eliminated. as we enter the 20th year of the campaign, poliovirus continues to infect and cause paralysis in localized areas of south asia and sub-saharan africa. to combat this scourge, the world health organization, together with other worldwide partners, has newly committed to worldwide ... | 2008 | 18503163 |
| progress towards interrupting wild poliovirus transmission worldwide, january 2007-april 2008. | 2008 | 18472451 | |
| progress toward interruption of wild poliovirus transmission--worldwide, january 2007-april 2008. | in 1988, the world health assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis. subsequently, the global polio eradication initiative reduced the global incidence of polio associated with wild polioviruses (wpvs) from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to 1,997 reported cases in 2006 and reduced the number of countries that have never succeeded in interrupting wpv transmission from 125 to four (afghanistan, india, nigeria, and pakistan). type 2 wpv (wpv2) circulation was last observed in october 1999. i ... | 2008 | 18463607 |
| poly(rc) binding proteins and the 5' cloverleaf of uncapped poliovirus mrna function during de novo assembly of polysomes. | poliovirus (pv) mrna is unusual because it possesses a 5'-terminal monophosphate rather than a 5'-terminal cap. uncapped mrnas are typically degraded by the 5' exonuclease xrn1. a 5'-terminal cloverleaf rna structure interacts with poly(rc) binding proteins (pcbps) to protect uncapped pv mrna from 5' exonuclease (k. e. murray, a. w. roberts, and d. j. barton, rna 7:1126-1141, 2001). in this study, we examined de novo polysome formation using hela cell-free translation-replication reactions. pv m ... | 2008 | 18400854 |
| one-pot synthesis of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates from nucleoside 5'-h-phosphonates. | nucleoside 5'-triphosphates (ntps) play key roles in biology and medicine. however, these compounds are notoriously difficult to synthesize. we describe a one-pot method to prepare ntps from nucleoside 5'-h-phosphonate monoesters via pyridinium phosphoramidates, and we used this approach to synthesize atp, utp, gtp, ctp, ribavirin-tp, and 6-methylpurine ribonucleoside-tp (6meptp). poliovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase efficiently employed 6meptp as a substrate, suggesting that the cognate nucl ... | 2008 | 18393512 |
| hip orthosis powered by pneumatic artificial muscle: voluntary activation in absence of myoelectrical signal. | powered orthosis is a special class of gait assist device that employs a mechanical or electromechanical actuator to enhance movement of hip, knee, or ankle articulations. pneumatic artificial muscle (pam) has been suggested as a pneumatic actuator because its performance is similar to biological muscle. the electromyography (emg) signal interpretation is the most popular and simplest method to establish the patient voluntary control of the orthosis. however, this technique is not suitable for p ... | 2008 | 18370947 |
| [immunity to poliomyelitis in adult population of moscow region. role of vaccine and wild polioviruses in its formation]. | assessment of immunity to poliomyelitis in adults from 8 towns of moscow region was conducted. low levels of population immunity against some serotypes of poliovirus in several towns have been found. at the same time, these levels were high and very high in other towns. measurement of levels of strain-specific antibodies to vaccine and wild polioviruses demonstrated wide circulation of wild polioviruses during past decades which had significant influence on formation of immunity. substantial num ... | 2008 | 18368751 |
| progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--pakistan and afghanistan, 2007. | of the four countries worldwide where wild poliovirus (wpv) transmission has never been interrupted, pakistan and afghanistan are considered a single epidemiologic block. use of intense poliomyelitis eradication measures, including close coordination between the two countries and increased use of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines (mopvs) against type 1 wpv (wpv1) and type 3 wpv (wpv3), has reduced wpv transmission to historically low levels. however, despite these efforts, in 2007 both types o ... | 2008 | 18368007 |
| poisson-model analysis of the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in japan between 1971 and 2000. | this study estimates the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp) in japan between 1971 and 2000. we acquired data regarding the number of vapp cases from the website of the ministry of health, labour and welfare, and we estimated the number of oral poliovirus vaccines (opv) administered based on the reported immunization data. risk was calculated as the ratio between the number of vapp cases and the number of opv doses administered. both the runs test and the poisson model were ... | 2008 | 18362395 |
| study of the poliovirus receptor related-1 gene in thai patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. | non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (cl/p) has a complex etiology with several genetic and environmental factors playing a role. the poliovirus receptor related-1 gene (pvrl1) has been shown to underlie a syndromic form of cl/p and, in some populations, contribute to non-syndromic cl/p. to investigate whether mutations in pvrl1 play a part in the formation of non-syndromic cl/p in the thai population, 100cl/p patients were analyzed for mutations in pvrl1 by polymerase chain reac ... | 2008 | 18356023 |
| complete genomic characterization of an intertypic sabin 3/sabin 2 capsid recombinant. | the genetic properties of strain k/2002, isolated from fecal samples of a 7-month-old child who had received his first oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) dose at the age of 3 months, are described. preliminary sequencing characterization of isolate k/2002 revealed an s3/s2 recombination event at the 3' end of the vp1 coding region. a recombination event resulted in the introduction of six sabin 2 amino acid residues in a sabin 3 genomic background. furthermore, mutations associated with loss of the a ... | 2008 | 18328076 |
| u.s.-incurred costs of wild poliovirus infections in a camp with u.s.-bound refugees--kenya, 2006. | routine predeparture vaccinations are not required for u.s.-bound refugees, a policy that potentially leaves u.s. communities vulnerable to importation of vaccine-preventable diseases. during october-december 2006, an outbreak of poliomyelitis associated with wild poliovirus type 1 (wpv1) occurred in a camp occupied by refugees awaiting resettlement to the united states. this report describes the costs of domestic and international activities borne by u.s. federal and state governments, u.s.-fun ... | 2008 | 18322446 |
| diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and inactivated poliovirus vaccines given separately or combined for booster dosing at 4-6 years of age. | in the united states, diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtap) and inactivated poliovirus (ipv) booster vaccinations are recommended for children 4-6 years of age. a combined dtap-ipv vaccine is being developed, which would reduce by one the number of injections in this age group. | 2008 | 18316985 |
| using the teach-back and orem's self-care deficit nursing theory to increase childhood immunization communication among low-income mothers. | guided by orem's self-care deficit nursing theory, the purpose of the pilot study was to assess the relationship between maternal health literacy and the mother's ability to comprehend and communicate information about childhood immunizations. communication is the key to positive health results, particularly for patients with low literacy skills, yet few studies have examined patients' ability to converse about health information taught to them by providers. the study was conducted in an urban w ... | 2008 | 18300059 |
| calibration of multiple poliovirus molecular clocks covering an extended evolutionary range. | we have calibrated five different molecular clocks for circulating poliovirus based upon the rates of fixation of total substitutions (k(t)), synonymous substitutions (k(s)), synonymous transitions (a(s)), synonymous transversions (b(s)), and nonsynonymous substitutions (k(a)) into the p1/capsid region (2,643 nucleotides). rates were determined over a 10-year period by analysis of sequences of 31 wild poliovirus type 1 isolates representing a well-defined phylogeny derived from a common imported ... | 2008 | 18287242 |
| early phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway activation limits poliovirus-induced jnk-mediated cell death. | poliovirus (pv)-induced apoptosis seems to play a major role in tissue injury in the central nervous system (cns). we have previously shown that this process involves pv-induced bax-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by early jnk activation in imr5 neuroblastoma cells. we showed here that pv simultaneously activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt survival signaling pathway in these cells, limiting the extent of jnk activation and thereby cell death. jnk inhibition is asso ... | 2008 | 18216097 |
| a large vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak on madura island--indonesia, 2005. | between june and october 2005, 45 laboratory-confirmed type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv) cases were identified on madura island in indonesia. genetic sequencing data on vdpv isolates were consistent with replication and circulation for up to approximately 2 years. concurrent circulation with type 1 wild poliovirus (wpv) enabled comparisons of vdpv and wpv cases and found that clinical and epidemiological features of both were similar. attack rates for vdpv were as high as those for wpv. o ... | 2008 | 18199031 |
| [paralytic poliomyelitis in russian federation in 1998-2005]. | from 1998 through 2005 3,294 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (afp) including 93 cases with clinical picture of poliomyelitis were registered in russian federation. from the latter cases 91 were classified as vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp): 66 were vapp cases in oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) recipients and 25--vapp cases in contacts. vapp rate was 1 case per 1.6 million of distributed opv doses, 1 case per 2.2 million doses for opv recipients, and 1 case per 186,000 doses f ... | 2008 | 18038545 |
| live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. | during 1952-1954, some of the first papers were published on the attenuation of wild poliovirus for vaccine purposes. these efforts soon came to fruition , and large-scale field trials were held in many countries under a variety of conditions. routine use of live oral poliovirus vaccines ( opv ) was begun in many countries during the spring of 1960, and vaccines made from the sabin strains were licensed in the united states in 1961-1962. in the early years of immunization with opv , vaccines wer ... | 2008 | 6330836 |
| public health reports, october 1960: oral poliovirus vaccine. statement by leroy e. burney. | 2008 | 815941 | |
| [research on dissociability by means of heat of the neutralizing poliovirus-antibody complexes]. | 2008 | 14305078 | |
| [interferon-forming activity of genetic variants of the sabin type-ii poliovirus differing in affinity for bentonite]. | 2008 | 2471044 | |
| eradicating polio: it's feasibility in near future? | continuous wild poliovirus transmission despite 12 years of intensive surveillance has raised serious questions about the feasibility of polio eradication programme with current strategy in near future. at present most of the cases are confined to four endemic countries, which are causing sporadic outbreaks in non-endemic areas. india has experienced a significant increase in number of cases reported in 2006 compared to previous year. outbreaks originated in western up which was due to the accum ... | 2008 | 19579713 |
| crystal structure of cd155 and electron microscopic studies of its complexes with polioviruses. | when poliovirus (pv) recognizes its receptor, cd155, the virus changes from a 160s to a 135s particle before releasing its genome into the cytoplasm. cd155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 ig-like extracellular domains, d1-d3, where d1 is recognized by the virus. the crystal structure of d1d2 has been determined to 3.5-a resolution and fitted into approximately 8.5-a resolution cryoelectron microscopy reconstructions of the virus-receptor complexes for the 3 pv serotypes. these structures show ... | 2008 | 19011098 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a dtap-ipv//prp approximately t combination vaccine given with hepatitis b vaccine: a randomized open-label trial. | to determine seroprotection and vaccine response rates produced by a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-haemophilus influenzae type-b conjugate (dtap-ipv//prp approximately t) vaccine containing a polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (prp)-tetanus toxoid conjugate (pentaxim) and given with a hepatitis b vaccine. | 2008 | 18568273 |
| cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor eif5b by enterovirus 3c proteases. | the enteroviruses poliovirus (pv), coxsackie b virus (cvb) and rhinovirus (hrv) are members of picornaviridae that inhibit host cell translation early in infection. enterovirus translation soon predominates in infected cells, but eventually also shuts off. this complex pattern of modulation of translation suggests regulation by a multifactorial mechanism. we report here that eif5b is proteolytically cleaved during pv and cvb infection of cultured cells, beginning at 3 hours post-infection and in ... | 2008 | 18572216 |
| methods for recovery of hepatitis a virus (hav) and other viruses from processed foods and detection of hav by nested rt-pcr and taqman rt-pcr. | enteric viruses are important agents of foodborne disease. unfortunately, robust, quantitative methods for sampling and analysis of enteric and other viruses in processed or complex foods are not well-established. as a result, epidemiologically determined etiologies or pathogen sources in foodborne outbreaks are rarely confirmed by virological analysis. in this study, an acid-adsorption elution concentration (aec) method previously used to monitor virus occurrence and investigate enteric virus o ... | 2008 | 18579246 |
| impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus. | pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvdpvs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. most cvdpvs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) and human enterovirus species c (hev-c). to study the role of hev-c sequences in the phenotype of cvdpvs, we generated a series of recombinants between a madagascar cvdpv isolate and its parental opv type 2 strain. results indicated that the hev-c sequences present in t ... | 2008 | 18579607 |
| virus attenuation by genome-scale changes in codon pair bias. | as a result of the redundancy of the genetic code, adjacent pairs of amino acids can be encoded by as many as 36 different pairs of synonymous codons. a species-specific "codon pair bias" provides that some synonymous codon pairs are used more or less frequently than statistically predicted. we synthesized de novo large dna molecules using hundreds of over-or underrepresented synonymous codon pairs to encode the poliovirus capsid protein. underrepresented codon pairs caused decreased rates of pr ... | 2008 | 18583614 |
| the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis: what we don't know. | poliomyelitis has long served as a model for studies of viral pathogenesis, but there remain many important gaps in our understanding of this disease. it is the intent of this review to highlight these residual but important questions, in light of a possible future moratorium on research with polioviruses. salient questions include: (1) what cells in the gastrointestinal tract are initially infected and act as the source of excreted virus? (2) what is the receptor used by mouse-adapted strains o ... | 2008 | 18585526 |
| improved inactivation of nonenveloped enteric viruses and their surrogates by a novel alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the united states, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. this study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against viruses of public health importance, including norovirus. when tested in suspension, the test product r ... | 2008 | 18586970 |
| ongoing control of haemophilus influenzae type b infections in canadian children, 2004-2007. | the uniform use in canada of a single haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in combination with diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus vaccines (dtap.ipv/hib) facilitates ongoing assessment of vaccine effectiveness, including any effects of recently added concurrent vaccinations and increasing time since vaccination. surveillance at 12 pediatric centers in 2004-2007 indicates that vaccine failures remain rare and case totals approach an irreducible minimum ... | 2008 | 18594482 |
| changes in population dynamics during long-term evolution of sabin type 1 poliovirus in an immunodeficient patient. | the evolution of the sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus in a hypogammaglobulinemia patient for a period of 649 days is described. twelve poliovirus isolates from sequential stool samples encompassing days 21 to 649 after vaccination with sabin 1 were characterized in terms of their antigenic properties, virulence in transgenic mice, sensitivity for growth at high temperatures, and differences in nucleotide sequence from the sabin 1 strain. poliovirus isolates from the immunodeficient patient evol ... | 2008 | 18596089 |
| universal virus detection by degenerate-oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction of purified viral nucleic acids. | this study describes a novel non-specific universal virus detection method that permits molecular detection of viruses in biological materials containing mixtures of cells and viruses. samples are subjected to nuclease digestion and ultracentrifugation to separate encapsidated viral nucleic acids from cellular nucleic acids. a degenerate oligonucleotide primer pcr (dop-pcr) that has been optimized for the non-specific amplification of virus sized genomes is then employed. virus identification is ... | 2008 | 18601953 |
| development of sample storage methods for detecting enteric viruses in environmental water. | in a field survey of enteric viruses, water samples collected sometimes need to be stored for a long duration before analysis is performed. the aim of this study was to develop an appropriate sample storage method for detecting viruses in environmental water. three types of sample storage methods were evaluated using milliq water, pond water, and treated sewage inoculated with poliovirus and norovirus: (i) storage followed by the full concentration procedure, (ii) filtration and storage followed ... | 2008 | 18499274 |
| new tools for the study and direct surveillance of viral pathogens in water. | half a century ago scientists attempted the detection of poliovirus in water. since then other enteric viruses responsible for gastroenteritis and hepatitis have replaced enteroviruses as the main target for detection. however, most viral outbreaks are restricted to norovirus and hepatitis a virus, making them the main targets in water. the inclusion of virus analysis in regulatory standards for viruses in water samples must overcome several shortcomings such as the technical difficulties and hi ... | 2008 | 18508257 |
| a case for developing antiviral drugs against polio. | polio eradication is within sight. in bringing the world close to this ultimate goal, the global polio eradication initiative (gpei) has relied exclusively on the live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (opv). however, as eradication nears, continued opv use becomes less tenable due to the incidence of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp) in vaccine recipients and disease caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvdpvs) in contacts. once wild poliovirus transmission has ... | 2008 | 18513807 |
| multiple host barriers restrict poliovirus trafficking in mice. | rna viruses such as poliovirus have high mutation rates, and a diverse viral population is likely required for full virulence. we previously identified limitations on poliovirus spread after peripheral injection of mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor (pvr), and we hypothesized that the host interferon response may contribute to the viral bottlenecks. here, we examined poliovirus population bottlenecks in pvr mice and in pvr mice that lack the interferon alpha/beta receptor (pvr-ifnar-/ ... | 2008 | 18535656 |
| [the enter of viruses family picornaviridae in residents macrophages]. | viruses enter in cells through clathrin- and dinamin-mediated uptake route-endocytosis, caveolae-mediated local destruction of cell plasma membranes, and macropinocytosis. the non-enveloped viruses to which picornaviridae famiy is attributed are important human and animal pathogens. the aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms of penetration of viruses of this family (polio-, echo 11-, entero 71- and coxsackie b1-viruses) into resident macrophages. after attachment to the plasma membrane ... | 2008 | 18540199 |
| the cis-acting replication elements define human enterovirus and rhinovirus species. | replication of picornaviruses is dependent on vpg uridylylation, which is linked to the presence of the internal cis-acting replication element (cre). cre are located within the sequence encoding polyprotein, yet at distinct positions as demonstrated for poliovirus and coxsackievirus-b3, cardiovirus, and human rhinovirus (hrv-a and hrv-b), overlapping proteins 2c, vp2, 2a, and vp1, respectively. here we report a novel distinct cre element located in the vp2 region of the recently reported hrv-a2 ... | 2008 | 18541697 |
| interrupting wild poliovirus transmission using oral poliovirus vaccine: environmental surveillance in high-risks area of india. | global eradication of poliomyelitis has reached critical stage. sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) has been successful in three major regions of the world. in india eradication of poliomyelitis from states of uttar pradesh (up) and bihar has been difficult due to high population and low-socioeconomic standards of living. acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance and intensive opv rounds continues with the world health organization (who) operational strategies. yet apparent lack of progress in ... | 2008 | 18551602 |
| potential subversion of autophagosomal pathway by picornaviruses. | the rna replication complexes of small positive-strand rna viruses such as poliovirus are known to form on the surfaces of membranous vesicles in the cytoplasm of infected mammalian cells. these membranes resemble cellular autophagosomes in their double-membraned morphology, cytoplasmic lumen, lipid-rich composition and the presence of cellular proteins lamp 1 and lc3. furthermore, lc3 protein is covalently modified during poliovirus infection in a manner indistinguishable from that observed dur ... | 2008 | 18094610 |
| growth phenotypes and biosafety profiles in poliovirus-receptor transgenic mice of recombinant oncolytic polio/human rhinoviruses. | the use of oncolytic recombinant polioviruses has an important therapeutic potential in the treatment of human gliomas. this study was carried out to assess parameters of the utility of the oncolytic poliovirus/human rhinovirus type 2 chimeras (pv/hrv2). the prototype pv/hrv2 chimera was constructed containing the complete genome of wild-type pv type 1 (mahoney) [pv1(m)] in which the cognate ires was replaced with that of hrv2 [called pv1(ripo)]. a derivative of pv1(ripo) is pv1(ripos) in which ... | 2008 | 18098139 |
| rapid routine detection of enterovirus rna in cerebrospinal fluid by a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay. | background and objectives: this study provides a one-step transcription/real-time (taqman probe) pcr assay (tm-pcr) with new consensus primer and probe sequences for generic detection of human pathogenic enteroviruses including difficult to detect ones like for instance echovirus 30. the amplicon included parts of domain iv and v of the highly conserved internal ribosomal entry site. generic detection was confirmed by testing a panel of 41 prototypes representing all five human enterovirus/polio ... | 2008 | 18164234 |
| lethal mutagenesis of picornaviruses with n-6-modified purine nucleoside analogues. | rna viruses exhibit extraordinarily high mutation rates during genome replication. nonnatural ribonucleosides that can increase the mutation rate of rna viruses by acting as ambiguous substrates during replication have been explored as antiviral agents acting through lethal mutagenesis. we have synthesized novel n-6-substituted purine analogues with ambiguous incorporation characteristics due to tautomerization of the nucleobase. the most potent of these analogues reduced the titer of poliovirus ... | 2008 | 18180344 |
| sialic acid is a cellular receptor for coxsackievirus a24 variant, an emerging virus with pandemic potential. | binding to target cell receptors is a critical step in the virus life cycle. coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) has pandemic potential and is a major cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, but its cellular receptor has hitherto been unknown. here we show that cva24v fails to bind to and infect cho cells defective in sialic acid expression. binding of cva24v to and infection of corneal epithelial cells are efficiently inhibited by treating cells with a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme or sialic a ... | 2008 | 18184708 |
| new (fluorescent) light on poliovirus entry. | to initiate infection, poliovirus must release its rna genome into the cytoplasm of a target cell, a process called 'uncoating'. how this occurs has remained uncertain, despite studies over several decades. two new studies re-address the question of poliovirus entry. the results suggest that poliovirus enters different cells by different mechanisms, and point to a role for virus-induced intracellular signals in the process. | 2008 | 18191571 |
| unertan syndrome: review and report of four new cases. | the aim of this study was to describe additional patients (n= 3) exhibiting the unertan syndrome (uts), resident in rural areas of canakkale. the 8th and 9th families with the uts, with a total of 16 members affected, have not been previously characterized. a single, non-familial case (bayramic, canakkale) occurred during early childhood after an infection with a high fever. three cases of familial uts were located in another village in canakkale. all cases exhibited the three key symptoms of th ... | 2008 | 18205078 |
| the effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage ms-2 and polio virus. | a study was conducted to examine the role of aquatic plants used in constructed wetlands on the survival of enteric bacteria and viruses. four small-scale wetland systems, receiving fresh water and two other wetland systems, receiving secondary unchlorinated sewage were used in this study. fresh water and secondary sewage without the presence of any aquatic plants were used as controls. escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage ms-2 and poliovirus were added to the waters collected ... | 2008 | 18209279 |
| cooperative effect of the attenuation determinants derived from poliovirus sabin 1 strain is essential for attenuation of enterovirus 71 in the nod/scid mouse infection model. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and is also associated with serious neurological disorders. an attenuated ev71 strain [ev71(s1-3')] has been established in the cynomolgus monkey infection model; this strain contains the attenuation determinants derived from the type 1 poliovirus vaccine strain, sabin 1 [pv1(sabin)], in the 5' nontranslated region (ntr), 3d polymerase, and 3' ntr. in this study, we analyzed the effect of the attenuation determinants of ... | 2008 | 18057246 |
| evaluation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, poliovirus, and ms2 as surrogates for human norovirus in a model of viral persistence in surface water and groundwater. | human noroviruses (novs) are a significant cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with contaminated drinking water a potential transmission route. the absence of a cell culture infectivity model for nov necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict nov inactivation. the nov surrogates murine nov (mnv), feline calicivirus (fcv), poliovirus (pv), and male-specific coliphage ms2, in conjunction with norwalk virus (nv), were spi ... | 2008 | 18065626 |
| quercetinase pirin makes poliovirus replication resistant to flavonoid quercetin. | flavonoid quercetin and its derivative, methylquercetin, inhibit the replication of poliovirus in several cell lines. here, we show that replication of poliovirus is inhibited by quercetin and that the extent of this inhibition depends on the intracellular content of pirin, a quercetinase. hela cells contain higher content of pirin protein than normal kidney human epithelial (nke) or 293 cells do. poliovirus replication in hela cells is significantly more resistant to quercetin than its replicat ... | 2008 | 18067462 |
| potential use of antiviral agents in polio eradication. | in 1988, the world health assembly launched the global polio eradication initiative, which aimed to use large-scale vaccination with the oral vaccine to eradicate polio worldwide by the year 2000. although important progress has been made, polio remains endemic in several countries. also, the current control measures will likely be inadequate to deal with problems that may arise in the postpolio era. a panel convoked by the national research council concluded that the use of antiviral drugs may ... | 2008 | 18394270 |
| poliovirus 2a(pro) increases viral mrna and polysome stability coordinately in time with cleavage of eif4g. | poliovirus (pv) 2a protease (2a(pro)) cleaves eukaryotic initiation factors 4gi and 4gii (eif4gi and eif4gii) within virus-infected cells, effectively halting cap-dependent mrna translation. pv mrna, which does not possess a 5' cap, is translated via cap-independent mechanisms within viral protease-modified messenger ribonucleoprotein (mrnp) complexes. in this study, we determined that 2a(pro) activity was required for viral polysome formation and stability. 2a(pro) cleaved eif4gi and eif4gii as ... | 2008 | 18400852 |
| neonatal vaccination with an acellular pertussis vaccine accelerates the acquisition of pertussis antibodies in infants. | because young infants are at highest risk of pertussis complications, this study assessed whether neonatal acellular pertussis (ap) vaccination could provide earlier immunity. | 2008 | 18410769 |
| reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in madagascar. | after the 2001-2002 poliomyelitis outbreak due to recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses (vdpvs) in the toliara province of madagascar, another outbreak reoccurred in the same province in 2005. | 2008 | 18419577 |
| picornavirus genome replication. identification of the surface of the poliovirus (pv) 3c dimer that interacts with pv 3dpol during vpg uridylylation and construction of a structural model for the pv 3c2-3dpol complex. | picornaviruses have a peptide termed vpg covalently linked to the 5'-end of the genome. attachment of vpg to the genome occurs in at least two steps. first, tyr-3 of vpg, or some precursor thereof, is used as a primer by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase, 3dpol, to produce vpg-pupu. second, vpg-pupu is used as a primer to produce full-length genomic rna. production of vpg-pupu is templated by a single adenylate residue located in the loop of an rna stem-loop structure termed orii by using a ... | 2008 | 17993457 |
| viroporins from rna viruses induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. | the virus-encoded viroporins are known to modify membrane permeability and play an essential role in virus budding. here, a comparative analysis of the membrane permeabilization capacity of a number of viroporins was performed in baby hamster kidney cells. synthesis of 6k protein from sindbis virus, e from mouse hepatitis virus, m2 from influenza a virus, and 2b and 3a from poliovirus enhanced membrane permeability to different extents. we show that two proteins from hepatitis c virus, p7 and ns ... | 2008 | 17961183 |
| inhibition of human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection by novel small molecules. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is an important respiratory tract pathogen of infants and children. there are no vaccines or antivirals currently approved for prevention or treatment of hpiv3 infection. towards developing an antiviral therapy to combat hpiv3 infection, we have established a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged hpiv3 infected-cell assay and used it for screening of a small molecule library obtained from chembridge diver. two novel small molecules (c5 and c7) which shar ... | 2008 | 17964670 |
| genetic features of polioviruses isolated in tunisia, 1991-2006. | genetic characterisation of polioviruses remains highly important even in countries where wild poliovirus circulation has been interrupted. sequence data on representative wild strains from all geographical regions is required for surveillance purposes and surveillance for vaccine-related isolates with increased potential for transmissibility in humans should continue. | 2008 | 18023246 |
| adenovirus's last trick: you say lysis, we say autophagy. | the last stage of the adenovirus replication cycle, lysis, is considered not very efficient and remains poorly understood. pathogen infection induces autophagy in eukaryotic cells. in the case of viruses, autophagy is a double-edged sword that can either facilitate or impede replication. on one hand, autophagy reduces the replication capability of the herpesviruses. on the other hand, the rna virus poliovirus uses autophagosomes to form replication complexes. recently we characterized the autoph ... | 2008 | 18032923 |
| differential targeting of nuclear pore complex proteins in poliovirus-infected cells. | poliovirus disrupts nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and results in the cleavage of two nuclear pore complex (npc) proteins, nup153 and nup62. the npc is a 125-mda complex composed of multiple copies of 30 different proteins. here we have extended the analysis of the npc in infected cells by examining the status of nup98, an interferon-induced npc protein with a major role in mrna export. our results indicate that nup98 is targeted for cleavage after infection but that this occurs much more rapidly ... | 2008 | 18045934 |
| intestinal immunity following a combined enhanced inactivated polio vaccine/oral polio vaccine programme in israel. | intestinal immunity was studied in a polio-free community immunised with a combined enhanced inactivated/oral polio vaccine (eipv/opv) vaccination programme. poliovirus excretion was evaluated in three groups of infants primed with a partial (2 eipv+2 opv) or complete (3 eipv+3 opv) dose schedule. poliovirus replicated in the gut of 59.8-55.8% of infants in the three groups 7 days after administration of an additional opv dose. significant decreases in the percent of type-specific-virus excreter ... | 2008 | 18241962 |
| rapid identification of inhibitors that interfere with poliovirus replication using a cell-based assay. | a small molecule library containing 480 known bioactive compounds was screened for antiviral activity against poliovirus (pv) using a cellular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) assay for viral protease activity. the infected reporter cells treated with the viral replication-suppressing compounds were examined via fluorescence microscope 7.5 h postinfection. twelve molecules showed moderate to potent antiviral activity at concentrations less than 32 microm during the primary screening ... | 2008 | 18243348 |
| engineering attenuated virus vaccines by controlling replication fidelity. | long-lasting protection against viral infection is best achieved by vaccination with attenuated viruses. obtaining stably attenuated vaccine strains has traditionally been an empirical process, which greatly restricts the number of effective vaccines for viral diseases. here we describe a rational approach for engineering stably attenuated viruses that can serve as safe and effective vaccines. our approach exploits the observation that restricting viral population diversity by increasing replica ... | 2008 | 18246077 |
| live cell imaging of protein interactions in poliovirus rna replication complex using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret). | poliovirus rna replication is directed by a replication complex on the rosette-like arrangement of membranous vesicles. proteins derived from the p3 region of the polioviral genome, such as 3d, 3ab, and 3b (vpg), play key roles in the formation and function of the replication complex. in the present study, by using an acceptor photobleaching protocol for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) imaging, we visualized the interactions of 3d, 3ab, and vpg in living cells. the interaction of 3 ... | 2008 | 18252199 |
| protein-rna tethering: the role of poly(c) binding protein 2 in poliovirus rna replication. | the exploitation of cellular functions and host proteins is an essential part of viral replication. the study of this interplay has provided significant insight into host cell processes in addition to advancing the understanding of the viral life-cycle. poliovirus utilizes a multifunctional cellular protein, poly(c) binding protein 2 (pcbp2), for rna stability, translation and rna replication. in its cellular capacity, pcbp2 is involved in many functions, including transcriptional activation, mr ... | 2008 | 18252259 |
| a deader vaccine? | 2008 | 18256612 | |
| nonhuman primate intestinal villous m-like cells: an effective poliovirus entry site. | humans and some old world monkeys, chimpanzees, and cynomolgus macaques, are susceptible to oral poliovirus (pv) infection. interestingly, rhesus macaques, although sensitive to injected pv, are not susceptible to gut infection. not much is known about the initial event of gut infection by pv in rhesus macaques so far. here, we show that pv can efficiently enter the lamina propria (lp) by penetrating across intestinal villous m-like cells in rhesus macaques. we found by immunofluorescence analys ... | 2008 | 18261987 |
| preexisting poliovirus-specific iga in the circulation correlates with protection against virus excretion in the elderly. | epidemiological studies have indicated that at least 10% of the dutch elderly do not have poliovirus serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers and might be at risk for poliovirus infection. previously we established that memory immunity does not protect the elderly against poliovirus replication. in this study, we investigated whether preexisting immunoglobulin (ig) a protects against poliovirus infection. | 2008 | 18279050 |
| interactions of cryptosporidium parvum, giardia lamblia, vaccinal poliovirus type 1, and bacteriophages phix174 and ms2 with a drinking water biofilm and a wastewater biofilm. | biofilms colonizing surfaces inside drinking water distribution networks may provide a habitat and shelter to pathogenic viruses and parasites. if released from biofilms, these pathogens may disseminate in the water distribution system and cause waterborne diseases. our study aimed to investigate the interactions of protozoan parasites (cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia [oo]cysts) and viruses (vaccinal poliovirus type 1, phix174, and ms2) with two contrasting biofilms. first, attachment ... | 2008 | 18281435 |
| la autoantigen suppresses ires-dependent translation of the hepatitis a virus. | the human rna-binding protein la, is an essential trans-acting factor in ires-dependent translation initiation of poliovirus, the prototypic picornavirus. for hepatitis a virus (hav), an unusual member of this virus family, the role of host proteins in its inefficient translation and slow replication is unclear. using small interfering rna in vivo and purified la in vitro, we demonstrate for the first time that la suppresses hav ires-mediated translation and replication. we show that la binds sp ... | 2008 | 18282467 |
| evaluation of the in-vitro cidal activity and toxicity of a novel peroxygen biocide: 2-butanone peroxide. | the monomer of 2-butanone peroxide is a novel peroxygen derivative with potential use as biocide in the hospital environment. the aim of this study was to test the biocidal activity of different concentrations of the compound against american tissue culture collection strains from 11 different micro-organisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, spores, fungi and virus, following the european standard guidelines. toxicity tests were also carried out following united states environmental protection ... | 2008 | 18289719 |
| r75761, a lead compound for the development of antiviral drugs in late stage poliomyelitis eradication strategies and beyond. | in this study the antiviral activity of a panel of 18 out of 240 pyridazinamine analogues was evaluated against the sabin strains of the three poliovirus types. we found one compound, r75761 which had a comparable 50% effective concentration (ec50) value against all three poliovirus sabin strains. virus multiplication was reduced by 10(4.0)-fold, 10(6.2)-fold and 10(6.6)-fold for poliovirus type 1, type 2 and type 3, respectively. r75761 could be considered as a lead compound for development of ... | 2008 | 18294707 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | this report presents an overview of human enteroviruses in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. a total of 210 non-polioviruses isolated under acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance during a total study period of 5 years--1997 to 2000 and 2004--were examined. of the 210 non-poliovirus isolates, 12 adenoviruses were serologically identified, and the remaining 198 isolates were used for molecular typing. the viral genomes of 195 non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) on vp1 partial region ... | 2008 | 18297723 |
| interaction and localization of necl-5 and pdgf receptor beta at the leading edges of moving nih3t3 cells: implications for directional cell movement. | it was previously shown that platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) receptor physically and functionally interacts with integrin alpha(v)beta(3), effectively inducing cell movement. we previously showed that necl-5, originally identified as a poliovirus receptor, interacts with integrin alpha(v)beta(3) and enhances its clustering and the formation of focal complexes at the leading edges of moving cells, resulting in an enhancement of cell movement. we showed here that necl-5 additionally interact ... | 2008 | 18298801 |
| identification of the orii-binding site of poliovirus 3c protein by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | replication of picornaviral genomes requires recognition of at least three cis-acting replication elements: oril, orii, and orir. although these elements lack an obvious consensus sequence or structure, they are all recognized by the virus-encoded 3c protein. we have studied the poliovirus 3c-orii interaction in order to begin to decipher the code of rna recognition by picornaviral 3c proteins. orii is a stem-loop structure that serves as the template for uridylylation of the peptide primer vpg ... | 2008 | 18305026 |
| antiviral activities of coffee extracts in vitro. | both hot water extracts of coffee grinds and instant coffee solutions inhibited the multiplication of herpes simplex virus type 1, a representative enveloped dna virus, when they were added to the culture medium of the virus-infected cells at a dose of one fifth the concentration suitable for drinking. the antiherpetic activity was independent of the suppliers (companies) of the coffee grinds and of the locations where the coffee beans were produced. further characterization revealed that there ... | 2008 | 18314244 |
| novel btk mutation presenting with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. | oral polio vaccine (opv) has been used safely and efficiently for more than 40 years in preventive medicine. vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (vapp) is a rare adverse event of opv due to reversion of the vaccine strain virus to a neurovirulent strain. vapp can occur in healthy recipients or their close contacts. however, persons with primary humoral immunodeficiencies are at a much higher risk. x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla) is a prototypic humoral deficiency caused by mutations in ... | 2008 | 18317803 |
| [receptor specificity of human enteroviruses]. | the review presents the currently available data on the receptor specificity of enteroviruses. it discusses whether changes in the receptor specificity of enteroviruses may play a role in their in vitro and in vivo reproduction. | 2008 | 18318127 |
| modulation of enteroviral proteinase cleavage of poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) by conformation and pabp-associated factors. | poliovirus (pv) causes a drastic inhibition of cellular cap-dependant protein synthesis due to the cleavage of translation factors eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g) and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). only about half of cellular pabp is cleaved by viral 2a and 3c proteinases during infection. we have investigated pabp cleavage determinants that regulate this partial cleavage. pabp cleavage kinetics analyses indicate that pabp exists in multiple conformations, some of which are resistant to ... | 2008 | 18321554 |