Publications

temperature-dependent inhibition of motility in spermatozoa from different avian species.	this study demonstrates that the pattern of temperature-dependent inhibition of chicken sperm motility at 40 degrees c in vitro, and its release by calcium, is also found in drake spermatozoa and, partially, in turkey spermatozoa. however, no such temperature-dependent inhibition was found in spermatozoa from japanese quail and houbara bustard, for which physiological levels of calcium at 40 degrees c had an inhibitory and no effect on sperm motility, respectively. thus, on the basis of this evi ...	1999	10610041
comparative fish mapping on z chromosomes of chicken and japanese quail.	using direct r-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization, we assigned five functional genes-growth hormone receptor (ghr), prolactin receptor (prlr), spleen tyrosine kinase (syk), aldolase b (aldob), and muscle skeletal receptor tyrosine kinase (musk)-to the chicken z chromosome. syk and musk were newly localized to the chicken z chromosome in this study. ghr and prlr were situated close to each other on the short arm of the chicken z chromosome, as are their counterparts on human chromosome 5. ...	1999	10640806
[biological life support systems: investigations on board of orbital complex "mir"].	from 1989 till 1998 twelve experiments were performed by bulgarian, russian, slovak, and us researchers and engineers on the effects of space flight on the model of ecosystem "algae-fishes-bacteria", and ontogenesis of birds (japanese quail) and higher plants. for the first time several viable chicks were hatched and passed the whole cycle of their embryonic development in the mir microgravity. the length of the plant ontogenetic cycle as a whole and its specific stages appeared to be same as on ...	1999	10330564
ultrastructural observations of the neurocytes in pterygopalatine ganglion of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix v. japonica).	cells of the pterygopalatine ganglion in quail are elliptical, oval and often spindle shape. they have single nuclei, which are spindle or lentiform in shape. the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in a great amount, especially in the vicinity of nucleus. it was organised in structure corresponding to nissl's body. the mitochondria are present mainly at the periphery of the cells. several flat, elongated cisterns form the golgi apparatus. there are a few lysosomes, mostly primary ones. pro ...	1999	10598402
phenotypic flexibility of the avian gizzard: rapid, reversible and repeated changes of organ size in response to changes in dietary fibre content	evolutionary biology presumes that organ capacities match their natural loads. therefore, in fluctuating conditions, organ systems are expected to show a reversible, repeatable and rapid phenotypic response that is directional and scaled. in this study, phenotypic responses of the gizzard of adult japanese quail (coturnix japonica) to experimental mismatches of load and capacity were tested by a series of diet-switching experiments, involving an increased content of non-digestable fibre (ndf) in ...	1999	10539966
effect of clinoptilolite on performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during experimental aflatoxicosis.	clinoptilolite (cli, a natural zeolite), incorporated into the diet at 50 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.0 mg total aflatoxin (af;83.06% afb1, 12.98% afb2, 2.84% afg1 and 1.12% afg2)/kg diet on growing japanese quail chicks from 10 to 45 d of age. a total of 40 japanese quail chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups (control, af, cli, af plus cli) each consisting of 10 chicks. the performance of the birds was evaluated. the af treatment significantl ...	1999	10579408
affiliative preferences are stable and predict mate choices in both sexes of japanese quail, coturnix japonica.	most laboratory studies of mate choice use affiliation as a surrogate measure for actual choice of a partner for copulation. in a series of recent studies using affiliation as a dependent variable, we showed that the tendency of both male and female japanese quail to affiliate with members of the opposite sex is profoundly affected by seeing them mate with others: female quails show an increased tendency to affiliate with males that they have seen mating; and male quails show a decreased tendenc ...	1999	10512660
effects of sexual interactions with a male on fos-like immunoreactivity in the female quail brain.	sexual interactions can cause changes in plasma hormone levels and activate immediate early genes within the mammalian brain. there are marked anatomical differences between the regions activated that relate directly to the sexual specific behaviour and neuroendocrinology of each sex. the aim of this study was to determine if such a sexual dimorphism exists in birds by examining the brain regions stimulated in adult virgin female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) during sexual behaviour and com ...	1999	10520126
steroid sensitive sites in the avian brain: does the distribution of the estrogen receptor alpha and beta types provide insight into their function?	studies in avian species have often been useful in elucidating basic concepts relevant to the regulation of reproductive behaviors by sex steroid hormones. once a link between a steroid hormone and a behavioral response has been established, one can use the localization of steroid hormone receptors in the brain to facilitate the identification of neural circuits that control behavior. the recent identification of a second type of estrogen receptor called estrogen receptor beta or erbeta has rais ...	1999	10516402
inter-individual distances during open-field tests in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) selected for high or low levels of social reinstatement behaviour.	inter-individual distances (iids), during open-field tests, were measured in single sex pairs of quail of lines divergently selected for high (hsr) or low (lsr) levels of social reinstatement (sr) behaviour. tests were carried out when the chicks were 1-, 3- and 6-weeks of age. iids were established within 1 min and remained stable thereafter. in hsr and mixed line pairs, but not lsr line pairs, iids increased with age. iids were shorter in hsr line pairs than in lsr or mixed line pairs at 1- an ...	1999	24896931
seasonal morphology of the domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) testis.	a histological study was conducted on the testes of adult domestic quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) over a year. the results revealed a clear variation of testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, and the thickness and composition of the germinal epithelium over the year. the highest testicular weights were detected at the end of the autumn and during the winter (short-day period), reaching a maximum, together with spermatogenic activity, in september (long-day period in the southern h ...	1999	10488624
regulation of the expression of serotonin n-acetyltransferase gene in japanese quail (coturnix japonica): ii. effect of vitamin a deficiency.	levels of serotonin n-acetyltransferase [arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aanat); ec2.3.1.87] mrna, aanat activity, and melatonin display a rhythmic pattern in both the pineal gland and the retina. it has been shown that vitamin a is required to maintain the rhythm of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of japanese quail. to understand the mechanism underlying the direct relationship among these factors, we developed an assay system sensitive enough to determine aanat mrna, aanat activity ...	1999	10451022
evaluation of stunning/killing methods for quail (coturnix japonica): bird welfare and carcase quality.	1. the welfare and carcase quality implications of stunning/killing 7-week-old japanese quail with either an electric current, 90% argon in air or a mixture of 30% carbon dioxide and 60% argon in air were investigated in 3 separate experiments. 2. the results showed that exposure of quail to either argon or the carbon dioxide-argon mixture resulted in loss of posture on average at 9 and 8 s respectively. in both gas mixtures, convulsions started 6 s after the loss of posture and the duration of ...	1999	10405033
influence of drinking water and diet on the stable-hydrogen isotope ratios of animal tissues.	despite considerable interest in using stable-hydrogen isotope ratio (deltad) measurements in ecological research, it was previously unknown whether hydrogen derived from drinking water, in addition to that derived from diet, contributed to the nonexchangeable hydrogen in animal tissues. we raised four experimental groups of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) from hatch on two isotopically distinct diets (mean nonexchangeable deltad: -146 and -60 per thousand, vienna standard mean ocean water st ...	1999	10393937
expression of gicerin, a cell adhesion molecule, in the abnormal retina in silver plumage color mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	silver plumage color mutant (b/b) quail has an abnormal retina characterizing the transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) following the retinal separation in the early developmental stage. in the present study; (i) the expression of gicerin, an immunoglobulin-superfamily cell adhesion molecule, was examined in the retina of b/b quail. in the wild-type quail, gicerin protein was enriched in the apical membrane (facing the neural retina, nr) of rpe cells on embryonic day (e) 4 and ...	1999	10336182
immunomagnetic purification of viable primordial germ cells of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	immunomagnetic cell sorting (macs) with the monoclonal antibody (mab) qcr1 was compared with the ficoll density-gradient centrifugation system (fics) in terms of the efficiency of enrichment of quail (coturnix japonica) primordial germ cells (pgcs) from blood. the purified pgcs were tested for their ability to settle in the chick (gallus domesticus) embryonic gonad. blood containing 60-100 pgcs microliter-1 was taken from the dorsal aorta of quail embryos at hamburger and hamilton's stages 14-16 ...	1999	10327620
mate choice copying and conspecific cueing in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	in four experiments, we examined the effects on the affiliative preferences of 'focal' female japanese quail given the opportunity to watch a conspecific male interact with a 'model' female. experiments were conducted in three, 10-min phases: (1) a pretest, during which a 'focal' female chose between two males; (2) an observation phase, when each focal female watched the male she had spent less time near during the pretest (her 'nonpreferred' male) interact with a 'model' quail; and (3) a post-t ...	1999	10049487
accumulation and localisation of maternal rna in oocytes of japanese quail.	accumulation of total rna and poly(a+)rna was determined in the oocytes of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during oogenesis, by a standard spectrophotometric method, after rna extraction. intensive rna accumulation was observed in the oocytes 0.25-2.0 mm in diameter (correlated with the presence of lampbrush chromosomes), followed by a plateau in 2.0-3.0 mm oocytes (correlated with the condensation of lampbrush chromosomes). resumption of the rna accumulation in the 3.0-5.0 mm oocyte ...	1999	10216917
social effects on mate choices of male japanese quail, coturnix japonica.	in four experiments, we examined effects on affiliative preferences of 'focal' male japanese quail of seeing a conspecific female interact with another male. each experiment was conducted in three 10-min phases: (1) a pretest during which a focal male chose between two females; (2) an observation phase, when each focal male watched the female he had spent more time near during the pretest (his 'preferred' female) interact with another male (referred to as a 'model' male); and (3) a post-test, du ...	1999	10328786
retinal tunel-positive cells and high glutamate levels in vitreous humor of mutant quail with a glaucoma-like disorder.	to investigate whether retinal cell death observed in an avian glaucoma-like disorder occurs by apoptosis and whether an increase in excitotoxic amino acid concentration in the vitreous humor is associated temporally with cell death in the retina.	1999	10102297
performance of appetitive or consummatory components of male sexual behavior is mediated by different brain areas: a 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic study.	the in vivo autoradiographic deoxyglucose method was used to identify the functional brain circuits that are involved in the performance of appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). two groups of castrated, testosterone-treated male quail were trained during 12 sessions to associate the view of a female behind a window with the opportunity to interact freely and to copulate with her. they developed, as a consequence, a social proximity ...	1999	10625066
evaluation of tiletamine-zolazepam as an anesthetic in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of tiletamine-zolazepam (tz) administered alone or in combination with atropine, xylazine, and levomepromazine to quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the induction time, duration of hypnosis and anesthesia, and time to recovery were determined. the presence or absence of tremor, upper respiratory tract secretions, and excitability and the degree of muscular tone were also observed. the results showed that doses from 10 to 100 mg/kg t ...	1999	12086457
vitamin a deficiency reduces the responsiveness of pineal gland to light in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	synthesis of melatonin in pineal gland is under the control of light environment. the recent finding of the presence of rhodopsin-like photopigment (pinopsin) and retinal in the avian pinealocytes has led to a hypothesis that vitamin a is involved in photoresponses of the pineal gland. we have thus analyzed the effect of vitamin a deficiency on the regulatory system of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of japanese quail. depletion of vitamin a from japanese quails was attained by feeding t ...	1998	11249007
place preferences of japanese quail given a permanent choice between a social or a non-social but enriched situation.	japanese quail from two lines selected for high (hsr) or low (lsr) levels of social reinstatement behaviour were permanently placed from 2 days to 6 weeks of age in a situation where one tested animal had the choice between being in social contact with a stimulus animal in a bare compartment of the cage or out of visual contact with the stimulus animal in a relatively rich environment containing food, water and wood shavings. the young (1 or 2 weeks of age) quails spent most of their time (over ...	1998	24896003
anatomical relationships between aromatase and tyrosine hydroxylase in the quail brain: double-label immunocytochemical studies.	the activation of male sexual behavior in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) requires the transformation of testosterone to 17beta-estradiol by the enzyme aromatase (estrogen synthetase). there are prominent sex differences in aromatase activity that may be regulated in part by sex differences in catecholaminergic activity. in this study, we investigate, with double-label immunocytochemistry methods, the anatomical relationship between the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase ...	1998	9518270
mate-choice copying in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica	we performed four experiments to examine effects on the mate choices of female japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, of observing a male mate with another female. each experiment was conducted in three phases: (1) a pre-test during which subject females were allowed to choose between two males with which to affiliate; (2) an observation phase, in which subject females either watched or did not watch the male they had spent less time near during the pre-test (their 'non-preferred' male) cop ...	1998	9514666
cytoarchitecture of the tectum opticum in the japanese quail.	the cytoarchitecture of the optic tectum of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, was studied using the golgi-kopsch method, parvalbumin, calbindin and gaba immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry. our results reveal a large number of different types of interneurons in the quail tectum opticum, only part of which are described in the chick or pigeon. application of parvalbumin and calbindin immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide ade ...	1998	9881878
cholecystokinin induces fos expression in the brain of the japanese quail.	systemic administration of cholecystokinin (cck) inhibits feeding in birds. however, the signaling pathway through which cck induces this effect is unknown, and its role as a natural satiety signal is controversial. to address these issues, we used immunocytochemistry for the immediate-early gene protein fos to localize sites of neuronal activation in the brain of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) after cck treatment. food intake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner following intraperitonal ...	1998	9735229
an immunohistochemical study of putative neuromodulators and transmitters in the centrifugal visual system of the quail (coturnix japonica).	the aim of the present study was to analyze the neurochemical properties of the centrifugal visual system (cvs) of the quail using an immunohistochemical approach by testing 16 neuropeptides (angiotensin: ang, bradykinin: bk, cholecystokinin, dynorphin, l and m-enkephalin, beta-endorphin: beta-end, galanin, alpha-neoendorphin, neurokinin a, neuropeptide y (npy), ocytocin, somatostatin, substance p, vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and three neurotransmitters or their synthetic enz ...	1998	9719361
meat quality traits and muscle characteristics in high or low fear lines of japanese quails (coturnix japonica) subjected to acute stress.	1. the influence of acute stress before slaughter on muscle and meat quality was studied in adult male quail from lines divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) and from the unselected (c) control line. 2. when subjected to acute stress, birds from the long ti line responded differently to those of the control or the low fear lines. lti birds exhibited: a higher plasma creatine kinase and a smaller increase in plasma corticosterone levels, a higher phu ...	1998	9693818
aggressive pecking by males in breeding groups of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	1. head injuries caused by aggressive pecking are an important welfare problem in quail farming. the aim of experiments one to three was to reduce the rate of aggressive pecking in breeder groups. 2. the quails were housed in pens containing litter, nest boxes and a dustbathing box. the experimental groups consisted of 2/14, 3/14, 5/15 or 5/35 (males/hens) quails which were introduced into the experimental pens at the age of 4, 6 or 7 weeks. 3. none of the 5 factors that varied between the pens ...	1998	9693812
furazolidone toxicosis in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): pathomorphological changes in reproductive tract and reversibility of the induced changes.	female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) placed in 3 equal groups were given 600, 400 or 0 mg furazolidone (fz)/kg feed for 4 w and then withdrawn for another 4 w. another (pair-fed) group of same size was given basal feed as much as was consumed by the quail fed 600 mg fz/kg feed. fz feeding decreased body weight, feed intake and egg production. ovaries of the fz-fed quail decreased in weight and size and were studded with small follicles. magnum, isthmus and uterus in fz-fed groups h ...	1998	9682406
anatomical and neurochemical definition of the nucleus of the stria terminalis in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	this study in birds provides anatomical, immunohistochemical, and hodological data on a prosencephalic region in which the nomenclature is still a matter of discussion. in quail, this region is located just dorsal to the anterior commissure and extends from the level of the medial part of the preoptic area at its most rostral end to the caudal aspects of the nucleus preopticus medialis. at this caudal level, it reaches its maximal elongation and extends from the ventral tip of the lateral ventri ...	1998	9634138
glutathione depletion by xenobiotics in coturnix coturnix japonica.		1998	9606269
melatonin supplementation does not prevent photostimulatory effects of night interruption lighting in japanese quail.	male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) exposed to night interruption lighting were given melatonin either as single daily injections (10-100 mg/kg), or as continuous release implants. birds were exposed to a base photoperiod of 8 hr of light, plus a 15 min night interruption pulse of light 14 hr after the beginning of the base photoperiod. daily injections of melatonin were given 20 min prior to the night interruption pulse. control birds either received no exogenous melatonin or received injec ...	1998	9510435
ossification and growth rates of the limb long bones during the prehatching period in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the timing of ossification and the growth of six long bones of the prehatching period in the quail was studied. ninety-nine quail eggs were incubated and in total nine fetuses were selected daily from the sixth to the sixteenth day of incubation. the fetuses were stained with alizarine and alcian blue double colouration. the fetuses were studied under the stereoscopic microscope and linear measurements were obtained from the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula. the first appearance of ...	1998	9505448
effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on drug metabolism in japanese quail and its progeny.	pcb (dp5, 1 and 5 mg/female/day, orally for 40 days) induce microsomal hepatic enzymes (cytochrome p-450, aniline hydroxylase, aldrin epoxidase, p-nitroanisole demethylase, p-nitrophenol: udpga-transferase) in adult female japanese quail. toxicity of dinitro-o-cresol (dnoc) is reduced in treated animals. high hepatic activity occurs in young quails issued from treated females, but closely related to residue levels, normal enzyme activities are reestablished within 1 month.	1998	107617
a serological survey of chickens, japanese quail, pigeons, ducks and crows for antibodies to chicken anaemia virus (cav) in japan.	the chicken has been considered as the natural host for chicken anaemia virus (cav). to examine the prevalence of cav in domestic and wild birds in japan, we analyzed serum samples collected from 211 chickens, 168 japanese quail, 105 pigeons, 113 ducks and 116 crows for the presence of antibodies to cav by a micro-scale virus neutralization (vn) test. nine of the 13 chicken flocks (69.2%) were found to be positive for vn antibodies to cav. of the 211 individual chicken serum samples, 127 (60.2%) ...	1998	18484006
clinical and metabolic correction of pompe disease by enzyme therapy in acid maltase-deficient quail.	pompe disease is a fatal genetic muscle disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (gaa), a glycogen degrading lysosomal enzyme. gaa-deficient (amd) japanese quails exhibit progressive myopathy and cannot lift their wings, fly, or right themselves from the supine position (flip test). six 4-wk-old acid maltase-deficient quails, with the clinical symptoms listed, were intravenously injected with 14 or 4.2 mg/kg of precursor form of recombinant human gaa or buffer alone every 2-3 d ...	1998	9466978
role of the archistriatal nucleus taeniae in the sexual behavior of male japanese quail (coturnix japonica): a comparison of function with the medial nucleus of the amygdala in mammals.	nucleus taeniae (tn) is a prominent cell group within the medial archistriatum of birds. based upon similarities in sex-steroid binding sites, this nucleus has been hypothesized to be homologous to the medial nucleus of the amygdala (me) in mammals, which is known to modulate the expression of sexual behavior in rodents. we therefore tested whether or not tn likewise plays a role in the expression of sexual behavior in male japanese quail. we found that bilateral damage to tn produced deficits i ...	1998	9553694
francolin phylogenetics: molecular, morphobehavioral, and combined evidence.	the phylogenetics of francolins (francolinus species) were reassessed by obtaining 660 bp of sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) cytochrome b gene from 20 species, the common quail coturnix coturnix africana, and the madagascar partridge margaroperdix madagarensis. published sequences of the japanese quail c. c. japonica, alectoris partridges, and the junglefowl gallus gallus were also included. separate analysis of the 200 phylogenetically informative cytochrome b characters and the 25 in ...	1998	9562983
spontaneous transdifferentiation of quail pigmented epithelial cell is accompanied by a mutation in the mitf gene.	an ectopic neural retina is formed at the outer layer of the retina in the silver homozygote (b/b) of the japanese quail. in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cells in the outer layer of retina first expressed a pigment-cell-specific gene, mmp115, and then began to express a neural marker in b/b embryos, indicating that the ectopic neural retina is formed via transdifferentiation of differentiated pigmented epithelial cells (pecs). an in vitro study revealed that ...	1998	9576828
coxiellosis in domestic and wild birds from japan.	serological evidence of infection with coxiella burnetii was found in 41 (2%) of 1,951 domestic birds and in 167 (19%) of 863 wild birds from 17 and 5 prefectures in japan, respectively, by microagglutination (ma) test. the bacteriological evidence of the infection was found in 17 (41%) of 41 domestic birds and 37 (22%) of 167 wild birds by the nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in addition, c. burnetii was isolated from five each of serum, spleen and fecal specimens from five jungle crows ...	1998	9577778
[elaboration of live measles vaccine technology on human embryo lung diploid cell culture l-68].	measles predominates among childhood droplet infections in many countries. immunization of all human beings sensitive to this infection is the only radical measure in controlling measles. the quality of a vaccine is primarily determined by the properties of the virus strains and cell cultures and technology of production. now live measles vaccine is produced in or country on the basis of fibroblasts from japanese quail embryo. the production of live measles vaccine in the primary cell cultures h ...	1998	9608273
circadian rhythms of rod-cone dominance in the japanese quail retina.	when the japanese quail is held in constant darkness, retinal responses (erg b-waves) increase during the animal's subjective night and decrease during its subjective day. rod photoreceptors dominate the b-wave responses (lambdamax = 506 nm) to all stimulus intensities at night but only to those intensities below the cone threshold during the day. above the cone threshold, cones dominate b-wave responses (lambdamax, approximately 550-600 nm) during the day regardless of the state of retinal adap ...	1998	9614251
active immunization of japanese quail hens with a recombinant chicken inhibin fusion protein enhances production performance.	the effects of active immunization against inhibin on production performance in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were assessed in two separate trials using an mbp-cina521 fusion protein as an immunogen. the fusion protein, mbp-cina521, consisted of the bacterial maltose binding protein (mbp) and a truncated form of the mature alpha-subunit of chicken inhibin (cina521). mbp-cina1521 was constructed by: 1) excising a 521-bp psti fragment from a chicken inhibin alpha-subunit cdna ...	1998	9628541
cellular localization of neuropeptide y mrna and peptide in the brain of the japanese quail and domestic chicken.	neuropeptide y (npy) has been implicated in the control of a number of physiological functions in birds including food intake and reproduction. in the present study, sites of npy synthesis were localized in the brains of japanese quail and domestic chickens by in situ hybridization histochemistry using a digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe. npy mrna was detected in three main cell groups in both species. the most prominent group was associated with structures in the lateral thalamus including the ant ...	1998	9634595
multiple forms of gnrh are released from perifused medial basal hypothalamic/preoptic area (mbh/poa) explants in birds.	both chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormones i and ii (cgnrh i and ii) were detected in abundant quantity by radioimmunoassay of extracts of japanese quail medial basal hypothalamic/preoptic area (mbh/poa) fragments that included the median eminence (me) region. however, in radioimmunoassayed extracts of japanese quail me alone, the concentration of cgnrh i greatly exceeded that of cgnrh ii (approximately 450 pg/me vs < 10 pg/me). likewise, cgnrh i and ii were released into perifusates from quai ...	1998	9653026
the foam production system of the male japanese quail: characterization of structure and function.	the research described here characterizes a unique neuromuscular system involved in reproductive behavior--the foam production system of the male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). male quail produce a large amount of foam that is transferred to the female during copulation, enhancing male fertilization success. the source is the foam gland complex, a large sexually dimorphic, androgen sensitive, external protuberance of the dorsal cloaca, consisting of glandular units interdigitated with stria ...	1998	9681161
long-range competition among the neurons projecting centrifugally to the quail retina.	birds have a well-developed centrifugal pathway from the isthmo-optic nucleus to the retina. in the present study, receptive-field properties of the isthmo-optic (io) neurons and suppressive effect of remote stimuli far beyond the "classical" receptive fields were examined electrophysiologically in the japanese quail. receptive fields emitting more than half the maximal on-off response to a small spot of light measured 4.3+/-1.9 deg (n = 37) in diameter. a stationary spot of light was presented ...	1998	9685195
adenovirus-mediated transfer of human acid maltase gene reduces glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscle of japanese quail with acid maltase deficiency.	acid maltase deficiency (amd) causes a lysosomal glycogenosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. the infantile type of amd (pompe disease) leads to early death due to severe dysfunction of cardiac and respiratory muscles and no effective therapy is available. replication-defective adenovirus vectors offer a promising tool for in vivo gene delivery and gene therapy. we constructed a recombinant adenovirus containing the human acid maltase (am) cdna downstream of the cag promoter, composed ...	1998	9694159
appetitive and consummatory male sexual behavior in japanese quail are differentially regulated by subregions of the preoptic medial nucleus.	central testosterone aromatization is required for the activation of both appetitive (asb) and consummatory (csb) male sexual behavior in japanese quail. there are two major clusters of aromatase immunoreactive (aro-ir) cells in the rostral forebrain; these outline the nucleus preopticus medialis (pom) and the nucleus striae terminalis (bst). we investigated the role of these nuclei in the regulation of asb and csb. appetitive male sexual behavior was measured with the use of a learned social pr ...	1998	9698339
clench: a new autosomal recessive mutation in japanese quail.	the clench (cl) is a new morphological mutation in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the cl mutants rigidly clench their toes in both legs, which gives rise to a human fistlike appearance in the distal ends of the legs. other parts of the cl body are quite normal. in spite of the severe toe abnormality, the cl mutants are normal in fertility, hatchability, and postnatal viability. genetic analysis revealed that the cl mutation is an autosomal recessive with 100% penetrance. the proposed gene s ...	1998	9703690
tr4 orphan receptor crosstalks to chicken ovalbumin upstream protein-transcription factor and thyroid hormone receptor to induce the transcriptional activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long-terminal repeat.	here we investigate the roles of human testicular orphan receptors, tr2 and tr4, on the gene regulation of the long-terminal repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-ltr). in gel-retardation assays, a palindromic element at the 5'-end of hiv-ltr,5'-aggggtcagatatccactgaccttt-3',showed high affinity to tr2 and tr4 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (kd) of 1.11 +/- 0.48 (n = 3) and 0.52 +/- 0.12 nm (n = 3), respectively. interestingly, each half-site of the palindromic element ...	1998	9704574
interaction of second and third domains of japanese quail ovomucoid with ten mammalian trypsins.	second and third domains were prepared from japanese quail ovomucoid and association equilibrium constants, kas, were measured at 25 degreesc and ph 8 for these domains with trypsins from ten mammalian species: cat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hog, horse, man, rabbit, rat, and sheep. the values ranged from 108 m-1 to 1010 m-1 for the second domain-trypsin associations and from 106 m-1 to 108 m-1 for the third domain-trypsin associations. changes in ka values for the interactions between the trypsins a ...	1998	9748658
avian ifn-gamma genes: sequence analysis suggests probable cross-species reactivity among galliforms.	little is known about the evolution of cytokines in non-mammalian systems. to address this problem, we attempted to clone the gene for interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) from a variety of avian species using oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence of the chicken ifn-gamma gene. the coding sequence and partial intron sequences were determined for four species, namely guinea fowl, ring-necked pheasant, japanese quail, and turkey. to obtain sequence information on the gene extremities, a modified 5 ...	1998	9781810
interactive effects of increased intake of saturated fat and cholesterol on atherosclerosis in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	increasing the energy value of diets with dietary fat, particularly fats rich in saturated fatty acids, can result in the elevation of plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol. in the present study, experimental diets were designed to examine the effects of increasing the energy content of diets with a saturated fat source and cholesterol in a non-purified diet on hyperlipoproteinaemia and aortic plaque composition in the atherosclerosis-susceptible japanese quail (coturnix japonica) model of hu ...	1998	9797648
isolation and preliminary characterization of histone h1.b allelic variants from quail erythrocytes.	our goal was to purify and characterize the allelic variants h1b1 and h1b2 of histone h1.b, one of the seven subtypes of this linker histone extracted from japanese quail erythrocyte nuclei. these variants are revealed phenotypically as band h1.3 or part of band h1.4 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). all h1 subtypes together were separated from h5 by gel-permeation chromatography through bio-gel p-150. h1 was then fractionated on a column of the cation ...	1998	9809440
species differences in the hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids.	species differences in pyrrolic metabolites and senecionine (sn) n-oxide formation among eight animal species (sheep, cattle, gerbils, rabbits, hamsters, japanese quail, chickens, rats) varying in susceptibility to pyrrolizidine alkaloid (pa) intoxication were measured in vitro by hepatic microsomal incubations. the results suggested that there is not a strong correlation between the production of pyrrolic metabolites and susceptibility of animals to pa toxicity. the rate of pa activation in ham ...	1998	9817084
complementary dna sequence of chicken thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) beta subunit.	chicken tsh beta subunit cdna was cloned and sequenced. the cdna encodes a putative signal peptide and a mature protein consisting of 20 and 114 amino acids, respectively. the amino acid sequence of chicken tsh beta subunit is highly conserved (98.5%) between chicken and japanese quail, whereas it has a low homology between chicken and mammals (67-69%), an amphibian (58%) and fish (40-49%). structural characteristics of tsh beta subunits of avian species are discussed in comparison with those of ...	1998	9881912
[treatment of pompe's disease with recombinant enzymes].	pompe disease is caused by the congenital deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. the accumulation of lysosomal glycogen results in a fatal myopathy and cardiomyopathy. we developed an enzyme replacement therapy based on recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme targeted to the organs of interest by the presence of mannose-6-phosphate on this precursor enzyme and a manose-6-phosphate receptor present in muscle and heart. using molecular techniques and following extensive ...	1998	9883081
state of imidazole side chain of hen lysozyme modified with histamine and japanese quail lysozyme. a study by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography.	hen lysozyme modified with histamine (hml) and japanese quail lysozyme (jql) were treated with immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography to analyze the states of their imidazole groups. when ni(ii) was used as the metal ion immobilized, jql was strongly retained in a ni(ii)-chelating sepharose column, while hen lysozyme and hml were hardly retained in the same column. all of these lysozymes have a histidine imidazole group at the 15th position, while jql has an additional histidine imidazole ...	1998	9972246
methods for studying xenoestrogenic effects in birds.	the embryonated bird egg provides a simple whole organism test system that allows examination of xenoestrogenic effects at different levels of biological organisation. test compounds are injected into the yolk, the albumen or the air chamber at defined stages of embryonic development. bioavailability and embryonic exposure may be determined by autoradiography and image analysis. females represent the heterogametic sex (zw) and estrogens determine differentiation into the female phenotype in bird ...	1998	10022333
effects of 6-aminonicotinamide on levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of japanese quail.	the effects of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-an) on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of japanese quail were investigated. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the soluble proteins with molecular masses corresponding to 160.4 and 52.5 kda were either missing or present at lower concentrations in the brain of the 6-an treated group compared to those in the control group. the soluble liver proteins with molecular masses 200, 120 and 70.5 kda were missin ...	1998	9924803
increased heat shock protein expression after stress in japanese quail.	heat shock proteins (hsps) have been shown to provide information on the biological impact of environmental stress to organisms, yet none have investigated the hsp response to stress in birds. japanese quail were exposed to seven different stressors (mild restraint, loud noise, inescapable irritation, cold temperature, isolation in darkness, and two stressful social situations) and expression of hsp30, 60, 70, and 90 in heart, liver, lung, kidney and gonads was examined. tonic immobility (ti) te ...	1998	9876257
measurement of genetic variation within and between japanese quail lines using dna fingerprinting.	the objective of the present experiment was to study genetic variation within and among well-defined japanese quail lines by dna fingerprinting. the japanese quail lines included a randombred control line (r1) and lines developed from r1 by divergent selection over 30 generations for 4-wk bw (hw, lw) and total plasma phosphorus (tpp) (hp, lp), a measure of yolk precursor in the blood. in addition, two sublines (hw-hp, hw-lp) of hw, developed in the ninth generation, were included in the analysis ...	1998	9872574
activation of vitellogenin ii gene expression by steroid hormones in the old japanese quail.	alterations in the basal transcription rates of eukaryotic genes are believed to involve the binding of trans-acting factor(s) with specific dna sequences in the promoter. we show here two interrelated events for the vtgii gene of the old, non-egg laying japanese quail: alterations in the structure of the chromatin encompassing the gene, and binding of trans-acting factors to the promoter of the gene. estradiol/progesterone alone or together cause alterations in the conformation of the chromatin ...	1998	9870615
[development of the device for japanese quail nestlings maintenance in microgravity].	postembryonic development of the nestlings in microgravity has revealed their capacity for orientation and stabilization of their position in space which called for developing the special devices. under terrestrial laboratory conditions the facility for maintaining the nestlings aged up to 10 days has been developed and tested. the results of tests have indicated that despite the restricted volume of individual cages the nestlings can grow without significant variations from the norm as evidence ...	1998	9858988
dietary cholesterol-induced xanthomatosis in atherosclerosis-susceptible japanese quail (cotunix japonica).	japanese quail of a strain (sus) susceptible to dietary cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis were fed a diet supplemented with cholesterol (0.5% w/w) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. plasma cholesterol increased significantly from 240-1550 mg/dl at 4 weeks and remained at that concentration for 8 and 12 weeks on the same diet. plasma triglycerides (tgs) increased from 112-384 mg/dl after 4 weeks but showed no significant increases thereafter. striking eruptive xanthomatous lesions were noticed on the feet o ...	1998	9839203
[characteristics of morphogenesis of the japanese quail embryos during microgravity].	experiments performed in the period of 1995-1996 cooperatively with us investigators within the mir/shuttle and mir/nasa space science projects continued exploration of avian embryogenesis in microgravity. evaluation of japanese quail embryos incubated in spaceflight microgravity showed that for the most part they were normally developed and compliant with duration of incubation. one of the major morphometric characteristics of embryo are its mass and size. comparative analysis of body mass valu ...	1998	9816435
cholinesterase activity in quails of neuropathy caused by organophosphates.	it is known that some organophosphates produce not only well-known acute toxicity but also characteristic delayed neurotoxicity. tri-ortho-tolyl phophate (totp), which was formerly named tri-ortho-cresyl phosphaete (tocp), was first noticed in an incident of poisoning as the compound which produced organophosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity (opidn). it is said that triphenyl phosphite (tpp) is also one of the organophosphates which possesses opidn. however, it is thought that tpp-induced dela ...	1998	9810153
pharmacological characterization, anatomical distribution and sex differences of the non-nmda excitatory amino acid receptors in the quail brain as identified by cnqx binding.	the distribution of non-n-methyl-d-aspartate binding sites was studied in coronal and sagittal sections through the brain of adult japanese quail by quantitative autoradiography, using tritiated 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione as a radioligand. saturation binding experiments were, in addition, carried out in areas showing high levels of binding (cerebellar molecular layer, nucleus anterior medialis and nucleus infundibularis) and demonstrated that the binding of tritiated ligand was specifi ...	1998	9797075
forty generations of bidirectional selection for mating frequency in male japanese quail.	a bidirectional replicated selection experiment for high (h1 and h2) or low (l1 and l2) cumulative number of complete matings (cncm) in male japanese quail was conducted for 40 generations. in the s32 generation, a subline was taken from each selected line and selection was relaxed. in the randombred control line (c), cncm and unselected traits changed significantly over generations. means of the selected lines were adjusted each generation for deviations from the control means. after 40 generat ...	1998	9776052
effects of brain testosterone implants on appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior in japanese quail.	aromatization of testosterone (t) into an estrogen is necessary for the activation of consummatory and appetitive sexual behavior in male japanese quail. t action within the medial preoptic nucleus (pom) is necessary and sufficient to activate consummatory behavior, and some evidence suggests that pom might be involved in the control of appetitive behavior, but other brain regions, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst), an area that contains a dense population of aromatase-immuno ...	1998	9766392
effects of niacin deficiency on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of japanese quail.	the effects of niacin deficiency on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities of japanese quail have been investigated. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that in the pectoral muscle the soluble proteins with molecular masses corresponding to 181, 128, 93, 76, 72, 62, 56, 43, 41, 28 and 20 kda were present in lower amounts but those of 60, 50 and 37 kda were present in higher amounts. in the heart the soluble proteins with a molecular mass of 181 kda were present in lower ...	1998	9744085
induction of circadian rhythm of feeding activity by testosterone implantations in arrhythmic japanese quail males.	studies in vertebrates have shown that hormones can influence circadian rhythms of behavior. we investigated whether testosterone could induce rhythmicity in arrhythmic japanese quail, kept in dd. the animals used were 3 1/2-week-old castrated males from a line of quail selected for the lack of the circadian rhythm of feeding activity. after 3 weeks in dd, 8 birds were implanted with an empty implant and 16 others with a testosterone implant. two weeks later, the operation was repeated. after im ...	1998	9711503
influence of dietary aflatoxin on the severity of coccidial infection in quails.	one hundred-sixty one day old japanese quail-chicks were divided into four groups and kept for 6 weeks. the first group was kept as control. group 2 received 1 ppm of dietary aflatoxin from day zero of chick life till the end of experiment. group 3 was inoculated with 5 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts of eimeria alone. quail-chicks of group 4 were inoculated with coccidial oocysts orally and received aflatoxin in their rations. the combination of aflatoxin and coccidia produced higher mortality rate, ...	1998	9707673
cloning of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for the follicle-stimulating hormone-beta subunit in the japanese quail.	complementary dna clones encoding the luteinizing hormone-beta and common alpha subunits have been isolated not only in mammals but also in some nonmammalian tetrapod vertebrates. however, cloning of cdna encoding the follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh)-beta subunit is limited to mammals, and no clone for the fsh-beta subunit has been isolated for nonmammalian vertebrates. we report here the isolation and characterization of cdna encoding the fsh-beta subunit precursor molecule in the japanese qu ...	1998	9707483
effects of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine on levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of japanese quail.	(1) the effects of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of japanese quail were investigated. (2) sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that in the brain the soluble proteins with a molecular mass corresponding to 18 kda were increased in quail treated with this toxin. the soluble liver proteins with the largest molecular masses (200, 120, 98, 80.5 and 58 kda) were either missing or present at lower concentrations in th ...	1998	9675882
genes for polymorphic h1 histones are linked in the japanese quail genome.	in a previous report (pałyga, j., biochem. genet. 29, 431-445, 1991), three subtypes of erythrocyte histone h1 were found to vary in a japanese quail population. while h1.b and h1.z histones were each represented by two electromorphs differing in apparent molecular weights, a polymorphism of histone h1.a was connected with a lack of this protein in some birds. as a genetic basis for this variability was demonstrated only in h1.b, here genetic data are provided which indicate that both h1.a and h ...	1998	9673773
distribution of allelic forms of erythrocyte h1 histones in japanese quail populations divergently selected for amount of weight loss after transient starvation.	three polymorphic subtypes of erythrocyte histone h1 (h1.a, h1.b, and h1.z) were analyzed using a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel in quail populations divergently selected for a high (line 1) or low (line 2) reduction in body mass following temporary food withdrawal. both h1.b and h1.z histone alleles were found to be differently distributed in these populations during the selection period. the frequency of b1 in line 2 was approximately 1.9-2.8 times lower than in line 1 and approache ...	1998	9673772
circadian rhythm of activity in japanese quail in constant darkness: variability of clarity and possibility of selection.	in conditions of constant darkness, interindividual variability in the clarity of circadian rhythmicity was observed in sexually immature young quail, with birds classified as more or less rhythmic or arrhythmic. the relative clarity of this circadian rhythm was observed on the actograms by measurement of the autocorrelation coefficient ratio over 12 cycles. autocorrelation coefficients were calculated from sequential series of total activity over 12-minute periods. crosses of selected phenotype ...	1998	9653576
early embryonic interaction of retinal pigment epithelium and mesenchymal tissue induces conversion of pigment epithelium to neural retinal fate in the silver mutation of the japanese quail.	the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) diverge from the optic vesicle during early embryonic development. they originate from different portions of the optic vesicle, the more distal part developing as the neural retina and the proximal part as rpe. as the distal part appears to make contact with the epidermis and the proximal part faces mesenchymal tissues, these two portions would encounter different environmental signals. in the present study, an attempt has been made to inves ...	1998	9572359
changes in distribution of glycosaminoglycans during the progression of cholesterol induced atherosclerosis in japanese quail.	the temporal and spatial distribution and relative concentration of the proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan component were studied during the progression of atherosclerosis in the systemic arteries of japanese quail selected for cholesterol induced atherosclerosis (cia). the cia quail were placed on either control or 0.5% added cholesterol diets at 3 months of age. the major systemic arteries (dorsal aorta, right and left brachiocephalic) were collected at 1- or 2-week intervals over the 10-week peri ...	1998	9568737
total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins as predictors of atherosclerosis in selected lines of japanese quail.	the proportions of plasma high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol have been linked to inherited tendency for atherosclerosis in humans. studies were conducted with japanese quail males from lines genetically selected for high and low tc and a randombred (unselected) control line that were fed 0.0 or 0.5% cholesterol for 12 weeks. atherosclerotic plaques were more severe in the high than in the low line quail and in those fed cholesterol compared to non-cholesterol-fed quail. serum tg, tc, v ...	1998	11248992
production of donor-derived offspring by transfer of primordial germ cells in japanese quail.	we transfused concentrated primordial germ cells (pgcs) of the black strain (d: homozygous for the autosomal incomplete dominant gene, d) of quail into the embryos of the wild-type plumage strain (wp: d+/d+) of quail. the recipient quail were raised until sexual maturity and a progeny test of the putative germline chimeras was performed to examine the donor gamete-derived offspring (d/d+). thirty-one percent (36/115) of the transfused quail hatched and 21 (13 females and 8 males) of them reached ...	1998	10067163
the japanese quail as a model system for the investigation of steroid-catecholamine interactions mediating appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior.		1998	10349027
systemic and intracerebroventricular injections of vasotocin inhibit appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior in japanese quail.	the authors investigated the behavioral actions of vasotocin (vt) in castrated testosterone-treated male japanese quail. the appetitive and consummatory components of sexual behavior as well as the occurrence frequency of crows were inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by injections of vt. the authors observed opposite effects after injection of the v1 receptor antagonist, dptyr(me)avp. lower doses of vt were more active after central than after systemic injection, and effects of systemic inje ...	1998	9517831
the effect of divergent selection for total plasma phosphorus in japanese quail on fearfulness and selected blood and heart parameters.	a selection experiment utilizing japanese quail was initiated to study the genetic relationship of growth and reproduction traits. in this study, lines were selected for increased (hp line) and decreased (lp line) total plasma phosphorus at the beginning of lay. the hp and lp lines were derived from a randombred control population (r1 line) that was maintained with the selected lines to remove environmental variation over generations. during the course of selection, it was observed that blood fr ...	1998	9469745
filtering effect of cone oil droplets detected in the p-iii response spectra of japanese quail.	while absorption spectra of bird cone visual pigments have been well studied, physiological study of bird cone cells has been less advanced owing to their small sizes. we measured the p-iii components of electroretinograms (erg) from isolated retinas of japanese quail. we recorded responses to monochromatic flashes of equal photon numbers, and found that the shape of the response spectrum is dependent on the incident direction of the flashes. the spectrum obtained with the flashes from the corne ...	1997	9415363
conditioned place preference in 12-day-old japanese quail.	four experiments assessed the ability of 12-day-old japanese quail to learn a conditioned place preference (cpp). in experiment 1, immature quail learned to prefer a place paired with normal food over a place paired with tainted food. experiment 2 indicated that this kind of learning can be achieved with as few as 2 days of training. it was discovered in experiment 3 that place preferences can be established with exposure to only one hedonic event. quail learned to prefer a chamber paired with e ...	1997	9413672
gicerin, a cell adhesion molecule, participates in the histogenesis of retina.	gicerin is a novel cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. gicerin protein adheres to neurite outgrowth factor (nof), an extracellular matrix protein in the laminin family, and also exhibits homophilic adhesion. heterophilic adhesion of gicerin to nof is thought to play an active role in neurite outgrowth of developing retinal cells in vitro. in this study, we examined the adhesion activity of gicerin during the retinal development of japanese quail using an antibo ...	1997	9369150
morphological evidence of ototoxicity of the iron chelator deferoxamine.	recent reports of the role of iron-catalyzed free radical formation in gentamicin ototoxicity and the successful attenuation of gentamicin ototoxicity by iron chelators led us to re-examine experimental material from a previously unpublished study of deferoxamine. deferoxamine was injected i.m. into adult japanese quail at either 300 or 750 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. examination of sections from the basilar papilla at the light microscope level indicated that supporting cells were damaged af ...	1997	9367228
photoperiodically driven changes in fos expression within the basal tuberal hypothalamus and median eminence of japanese quail.	the rapid photoperiodic response in japanese quail is so precise that it allows neural analyses of how photoperiodic information is transduced into an endocrine response. after transfer from short [sd; 6l:18d (6:18 hr light/dark cycle)] to long (ld; 20l:4d) days, luteinizing hormone (lh) first rises 20 hr after dawn. using fos immunocytochemistry, we examined the basal tuberal hypothalamus (bth) to determine the relationship between brain cell activation and the first endocrine changes. two sepa ...	1997	9348357
a direct comparison of photoperiodic time measurement and the circadian system in european starlings and japanese quail.	the extent to which circadian rhythms are involved in photoperiodic time measurement in quail is enigmatic, and earlier investigations have produced results consistent with an hourglass clock or one involving damped circadian oscillators. to address the problem further, the present authors carried out a direct comparison between the clocks in quail and those in starlings. starlings possess strongly self-sustaining circadian oscillators. in experiment 1, comparisons of testicular growth were made ...	1997	9376642
induction of the zenk protein after sexual interactions in male japanese quail.	we mapped cells immunoreactive (ir) for the protein encoded by the immediate early gene zenk in the brains of male japanese quail after they engaged in either appetitive or consummatory sexual behavior (i.e. copulation). castrated males treated with testosterone were either allowed to copulate with a female or exhibited a learned social proximity response indicative of appetitive sexual behavior, and were compared with control males in their home cage or in the experimental chamber but not exhib ...	1997	9376540
differential effects of d1 and d2 dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists on appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior in japanese quail.	pharmacological studies in japanese quail based on behavioral tests with a variety of dopaminergic compounds suggest that the activation of d2 dopamine receptors inhibits, and the activation of d1 dopamine receptors enhances, appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior. this hypothesis was tested by studying the behavioral effects of specific d1 and d2 dopaminergic-receptor agonists and antagonists in castrated male japanese quail chronically treated with exogenous testosteron ...	1997	9272666
responses in growth, food intake and food conversion efficiency to different dietary protein concentrations in meat-type lines of japanese quail.	1. a total of 360 japanese quail of 4 commercial meat-type lines and two diet treatments (260 and 216 g/kg or 238 and 195 g/kg of crude protein (cp) in the starter and grower diet, respectively) were used. 2. the positive effect of a high cp diet on body weight was significant only for the first 4 weeks after hatching. 3. the mean age at inflection point of the growth curve (t+) across lines and sexes was 1.4 d (0.6 to 2.8 d within line/sex groups) earlier for quail fed on a high cp diet than in ...	1997	9511002
antioxidant enzymes and atherosclerosis in japanese quail: heritability and genetic correlation estimates.	to estimate, in male quail susceptible to atherosclerotic plaque formation (sus) fed a regular diet and an atherogenic diet, the genetic and phenotypic parameters associated with antioxidant enzymes and atherogenesis.	1997	9251579
identification of catecholaminergic inputs to and outputs from aromatase-containing brain areas of the japanese quail by tract tracing combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry.	in the quail brain, aromatase-immunoreactive (aro-ir) neurons located in the medial preoptic nucleus (pom) and caudal paleostriatum ventrale/nucleus accumbens/nucleus striae terminalis complex (pvt/nac/nst) receive catecholaminergic inputs identified by the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (th-ir) fibers and punctate structures. the origin of these inputs was analyzed by retrograde tracing with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) or red latex fluospheres (rlf) combined with th immunocyt ...	1997	9183702