Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| identification of in vivo-induced genes during infection of chickens with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | chickens are an important source of food worldwide and are often infected with food-poisoning serovars of salmonella enterica, frequently salmonella enteritidis (se), without exhibiting clinical signs of disease. ivi (in vivo induced) genes identified using in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) are expressed only during bacterial infection and have the potential value of identifying epidemic strains and antigens which can form the basis for sub-unit vaccine development. we applied iviat to ... | 2015 | 25843894 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates associated with a mousse cake-related outbreak of gastroenteritis in ningbo, china. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is a major pathogen responsible for causing the largest number of sporadic cases and outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. in this study, an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis involving 112 cases in ningbo, china was investigated with a combination of genotypic subtyping methods and phenotypic analysis. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles showed t ... | 2015 | 25826691 |
| physiology, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of live, attenuated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis mutants in chicks. | to construct a novel live, attenuated salmonella vaccine, the lon, cpxr and cpdb genes were deleted from a wild-type salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis-6 (sm-6) strain using the phage λ red homologous recombination system, resulting in sm-△cpxr, sm-△c/lon and sm-△c/l/cpdb. the growth curves of strain sm-△c/lon grew more rapidly than the other strains and had od 600 values higher than the other strains starting at the 4 h time point. the growth curves of strain sm-△c/l/cpdb were relatively f ... | 2015 | 25819881 |
| zno nanoparticles impose a panmetabolic toxic effect along with strong necrosis, inducing activation of the envelope stress response in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | in this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of three metal nanoparticles (nps), zno, mgo, and cao nps, against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in liquid medium and on solid surfaces. out of the three tested metal nps, zno nps exhibited the most significant antimicrobial effect both in liquid medium and when embedded on solid surfaces. therefore, we focused on revealing the mechanisms of surface-associated zno biocidal activity. using the global proteome approach, we report that a ... | 2015 | 25801570 |
| rapid real-time pcr methods to distinguish salmonella enteritidis wildtype field isolates from vaccine strains salmovac se/gallivac se and avipro salmonella vac e. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major non-typhoid salmonella serovar causing human salmonellosis mainly associated with the consumption of poultry and products thereof. to reduce infections in poultry, s. enteritidis live vaccine strains avipro salmonella vac e and salmovac se/gallivac se have been licensed and used in several countries worldwide. to definitively diagnose a s. enteritidis contamination in vaccinated herds a reliable and fast method for the differentiation between va ... | 2015 | 25794902 |
| in-feed supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces layer-chicken egg-borne transmission of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen in the united states, causing gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated eggs. chickens are the reservoir host of s. enteritidis. in layer hens, s. enteritidis colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, leading to egg contamination. this study investigated the efficacy of in-feed supplementation with trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), a generally recognized as safe (gra ... | 2015 | 25710365 |
| effect of rapid product desiccation or hydration on thermal resistance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt 30 in wheat flour. | salmonella is able to survive in low-moisture environments and is known to be more heat resistant as product water activity (aw) decreases. however, it is unknown how rapidly the resistance changes if product aw is altered rapidly, as can occur in certain processes. therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of rapid product desiccation or hydration on salmonella thermal resistance. two dynamic moisture treatments were compared with two static moisture treatments to determine the effec ... | 2015 | 25710142 |
| multi locus variable-number tandem repeat (mlva) typing tools improved the surveillance of salmonella enteritidis: a 6 years retrospective study. | surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is generally considered to benefit from molecular techniques like multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva), which allow early detection and confinement of outbreaks. here, a surveillance study, including phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mlva on 1,535 s. enteritidis isolates collected between 2007 and 2012, was used to evaluate the added value of mlva for public health surveillanc ... | 2015 | 25693200 |
| community-onset pyomyositis caused by a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis sequence type 11 strain producing ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase. | we report a case of community-onset pyomyositis due to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in south korea. the isolated strain was resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and harbored sequence type 11 coproducing ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl). physicians should be alert for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment since esbl-producing nontyphoidal salmonella infections are difficult to treat without initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotics. | 2015 | 25653405 |
| bacteriophage cocktail reduces salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis counts in raw and smoked salmon tissues. | the use of bacteriophages for the biocontrol of food-borne pathogens is increasingly gaining acceptance. in this study, the effectiveness of bacteriophages to reduce salmonella enteritidis counts was evaluated in raw and smoked salmon tissues. groups of 25 samples each were contaminated with s. enteritidis, treated with a phage mix and then incubated for ten days at 18 °c and 4 °c. a significant bacterial reduction was obtained on days 3, 6 and 10 in raw salmon samples incubated at 18 °c (from 0 ... | 2015 | 25576418 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis on retail raw poultry in six provinces and two national cities in china. | one hundred and twenty six salmonella enteritidis isolates recovered from 1152 retail raw poultries were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), presence of quinolone resistance (qnr) associated genes, class i integron, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) encoding genes, and mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyra and parc. resistance was most frequently found to nalidixic acid (88.1%), followed by to tetracyc ... | 2015 | 25475269 |
| dam methylation is required for efficient biofilm production in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | the ecological success of salmonella enterica to survive in different environments is due, in part, to the ability to form biofilms, something which is especially important for food industry. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the involvement of dam methylation in biofilm production in s. enteritidis strains. the ability to generate biofilms was analyzed in wild type and dam mutant strains. in s. enteritidis, the absence of dam affected the capacity to develop pellicles at the air-liqu ... | 2015 | 25462918 |
| characteristics of invasion-reduced hila gene mutant of salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in vivo. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes huge losses in poultry industry and also food poisoning in humans due to its being a food-borne pathogen. functions of invasion-related genes need to be explored, as invasion is a key step for salmonella infection. in this study, a transposon mutant library of salmonella enteritidis isolate sm6 was constructed and screened for the invasion-related genes via incubation with caco-2 ... | 2015 | 26267091 |
| reduction of salmonella enteritidis in the spleens of hens by bacterins that vary in fimbrial protein sefd. | the objective of this research was to determine whether variation in the presence of fimbrial protein sefd would impact efficacy of bacterins as measured by recovery of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) from the spleens of hens. two bacterins were prepared that varied in sefd content. also, two adjuvants were tested, namely, water-in-oil and aluminum hydroxide gel (alum). control groups for both adjuvant preparations included infected nonvaccinated hens and uninfec ... | 2015 | 26218804 |
| recovery of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from hens initially infected with serovar kentucky. | salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and kentucky differ greatly in epidemiology. we wanted to know if the non-pathogenic serotype kentucky impacted the recovery of the pathogen enteritidis from chickens. to explore this issue, 4 groups of hens were treated as follows: (i) hens were inoculated orally with kentucky and injected intramuscularly 2 weeks later with enteritidis, (ii) hens were contact infected with kentucky and then with enteritidis, (iii) hens were injected with enteritidis only ... | 2015 | 26190605 |
| a role for the non-canonical wnt-β-catenin and tgf-β signaling pathways in the induction of tolerance during the establishment of a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis persistent cecal infection in chickens. | non-typhoidal salmonella enterica induce an early pro-inflammatory response in chickens. however, the response is short-lived, asymptomatic of disease, resulting in a persistent colonization of the ceca, and fecal shedding of bacteria. the underlying mechanisms that control this persistent infection of chickens by salmonella are unknown. recently, we found an expansion of the treg population and subsequent increased in vitro immunosuppressive functions of the cd4(+)cd25(+) cells isolated from th ... | 2015 | 26664962 |
| whole genome sequence analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 outbreaks from a national reference laboratory's viewpoint. | in april and may 2014, two suspected egg-related outbreaks of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) were investigated by the belgian national reference laboratory of foodborne outbreaks. both the suspected food and human isolates being available, and this for both outbreaks, made these the ideal case study for a retrospective whole genome sequencing (wgs) analysis with the goal to investigate the feasibility of this technology for outbreak investigation by a na ... | 2015 | 26468422 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis bacteriophage f18se, isolated in chile. | bacteriophage f18se was isolated from poultry sewage in olmue, chile, and lytic activity was demonstrated against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and serovar pullorum strains. this bacteriophage has a 41,868-bp double-stranded dna (ds-dna) genome encoding 53 coding sequences (cdss) and belongs to the family siphoviridae, subfamily jerseyvirinae. | 2015 | 26450716 |
| salmonella infections in the gambia, 2005-2015. | there are large data gaps in the epidemiology of diseases caused by salmonella enterica in west africa. regional surveillance of salmonella infections is necessary, especially with the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant clones. | 2015 | 26449952 |
| complete genome and plasmid sequences of three canadian strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis belonging to phage types 8, 13, and 13a. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a prominent cause of human salmonellosis frequently linked to poultry products. in canada, s. enteritidis phage types 8, 13, and 13a predominate among both clinical and poultry isolates. here, we report the complete genome and plasmid sequences of poultry isolates of these three phage types. | 2015 | 26404595 |
| splenic gene expression profiling in white leghorn layer inoculated with the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) is a foodborne pathogen that can threaten human health through contaminated poultry products. live poultry, chicken eggs and meat are primary sources of human salmonellosis. to understand the genetic resistance of egg-type chickens in response to se inoculation, global gene expression in the spleen of 20-week-old white leghorn was measured using the agilent 4 × 44 k chicken microarray at 7 and 14 days following se inoculation (dpi). results showed tha ... | 2015 | 26358731 |
| genome sequences of two strains of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from shell eggs. | this report presents the complete genome sequences of two salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains bearing the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile jegx01.0004, which were isolated from the internal contents of eggs. | 2015 | 26358589 |
| refined live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and enteritidis vaccines mediate homologous and heterologous serogroup protection in mice. | invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) infections constitute a major health problem among infants and toddlers in sub-saharan africa; these infections also occur in infants and the elderly in developed countries. we genetically engineered a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of multilocus sequence type 313, the predominant genotype circulating in sub-saharan africa. we evaluated the capacities of s. typhimurium and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis δguaba δclpx live oral vaccin ... | 2015 | 26351285 |
| the o-antigen negative ∆wbav mutant of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis shows adaptive resistance to antimicrobial peptides and elicits colitis in streptomycin pretreated mouse model. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, the most common cause of human gastroenteritis, employs several virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (lps) for infection and establishment of disease inside the host. the lps of s. enterica serovar enteritidis consists of lipid a, core oligosaccharide and o-antigen (oag). the oag consists of repeating units containing different sugars. the sugars of oag are synthesized and assembled by a set of enzymes encoded by genes organized into clusters. p ... | 2015 | 26346801 |
| electron-beam-inactivated vaccine against salmonella enteritidis colonization in molting hens. | electron-beam (ebeam) irradiation technology has a variety of applications in modern society. the underlying hypothesis was that ebeam-inactivated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) cells can serve as a vaccine to control se colonization and shedding in poultry birds. an ebeam dose of 2.5 kgy (kilograys) was used to inactivate a high-titer (10(8) colony-forming units [cfu]) preparation of se cells. microscopic studies revealed that the irradiation did not damage the bacterial cell memb ... | 2015 | 26292553 |
| iranian clonal population of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, characterized by multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) method. | some 2 million tons of chicken meat is produced by iran per annum, positioning iran among the top producers in the region. this study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of salmonella enterica enteritidis in iran. | 2015 | 26719781 |
| isolation and identification of salmonella from diarrheagenic infants and young animals, sewage waste and fresh vegetables. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence, distribution, and identification of salmonella serotypes in diarrheagenic infants and young animals, including sewage waste and fresh vegetables. | 2015 | 27047154 |
| proteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins in salmonella enterica enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is the predominant agent causing salmonellosis in chickens and other domestic animals. in an attempt to identify antigenic s. enteritidis outer membrane proteins (omps) that may be useful for subunit vaccine development, we established a proteomic map and database of antigenic s. enteritidis omps. in total, 351 and 301 spots respectively from s. enteritidis strain 270 and strain 350 were detected by twodimensional gel electrophoresis. fifty-one antigen-rea ... | 2015 | 25418479 |
| swarm motility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is inhibited by compounds from fruit peel extracts. | controlling spread of human pathogens on fresh produce is a top priority for public health reasons. isolation of compounds from agricultural waste that would control spread of human pathogens was explored using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model organism. in the environment, micro-organisms migrate as a 'community' especially when they move on moist surfaces. this type of motility is characterized as swarming motility. we examined extracts from agricultural waste such as soya bea ... | 2015 | 25422036 |
| global transcriptome and mutagenic analyses of the acid tolerance response of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is one of the leading causative agents of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. swift invasion through the intestinal tract and successful establishment in systemic organs are associated with the adaptability of s. typhimurium to different stress environments. low-ph stress serves as one of the first lines of defense in mammalian hosts, which s. typhimurium must efficiently overcome to establish an infection. therefore, a better understand ... | 2015 | 26386064 |
| a plant-produced bacteriophage tailspike protein for the control of salmonella. | the receptor binding domain of the tailspike protein gp9 from the p22 bacteriophage was recently shown to reduce salmonella colonization in the chicken gut. in this study, we transiently expressed the receptor binding domain of the gp9 tailspike protein in nicotiana benthamiana, and targeted it to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) or to the chloroplasts. gp9 was also fused to either an elastin-like polypeptide (elp) or hydrophobin i tag, which were previously described to improve accumulation level ... | 2015 | 26779243 |
| the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic respiration to intestinal colonization and virulence for salmonella typhimurium in the chicken. | the basic mechanism whereby salmonella serovars colonize the chicken intestine remains poorly understood. previous studies have indicated that proton-translocating proteins utilizing oxygen as terminal electron acceptor do not appear to be of major importance in the gut of the newly hatched chicken and consequently they would be even less significant during intestinal colonization of more mature chickens where the complex gut microflora would trap most of the oxygen in the lumen. consequently, a ... | 2015 | 26443064 |
| modulation of cytokine gene expression by selected lactobacillus isolates in the ileum, caecal tonsils and spleen of salmonella-challenged broilers. | probiotics have been used to control salmonella colonization in the chicken intestine. recently, we demonstrated that certain selected lactobacillus isolates were able to reduce salmonella infection in the chicken spleen and liver as well as down-regulated salmonella pathogenicity island 1 virulence gene expression in the chicken caecum. to further understand the mechanisms through which lactobacillus protected chickens from salmonella infection, the present study has investigated the lactobacil ... | 2015 | 26395945 |
| activity-based proteomic profiling of deubiquitinating enzymes in salmonella-infected macrophages leads to identification of putative function of uch-l5 in inflammasome regulation. | although protein ubiquitination has been shown to regulate multiple processes during host response to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection, specific functions of host deubiquitinating enzymes remain unknown in this bacterial infection. by using chemical proteomics approach, in which deubiquitinating enzymes were labeled by an active-site probe and analyzed by quantitative proteomics, we identified novel deubiquitinases in chicken macrophages based on their reactivity with the probe. ... | 2015 | 26267804 |
| genotypic diversity, pathogenic potential and the resistance profile of salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food from 1983 to 2013 in brazil. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is one of the leading serovars that causes salmonellosis worldwide. however, few studies have molecularly characterized s. typhimurium strains in brazil. in this study, we genotyped 92 s. typhimurium strains isolated from humans (43) and food (49) between 1983 and 2013 in brazil using pfge, multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr). moreover, we assess ... | 2015 | 26307078 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,12:i:- isolated from asymptomatic wildlife in a catalonian wildlife rehabilitation center, spain. | wildlife can act as long-term asymptomatic reservoirs for zoonotic bacteria, such as salmonella. the prevalence and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles of salmonella spp. were assessed in 263 cases in wildlife from 22 animal orders from a wildlife rehabilitation center in catalonia (ne spain), september 2013-may 2014. eleven of 263 tested animals were positive for salmonella spp., representing an overall prevalence of 4.2%. prevalences by taxonomic categories were 2% in mammals, 4.7% in birds, ... | 2015 | 25973627 |
| understanding the complexities of salmonella-host crosstalk as revealed by in vivo model organisms. | foodborne infections caused by non-typhoidal salmonellae, such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st), pose a major challenge in the developed and developing world. with constant rise of drug-resistant strains, understanding the epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions biology is a mandatory requirement to enable health systems to be ready to combat these illnesses. patient data from hospitals, at least from some parts of the world, have aided in epidemiol ... | 2015 | 26179888 |
| use of caprylic acid to control pathogens (escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) in apple juice at mild heat temperature. | the aim of this study was to examine the effects of caprylic acid (ca) on pathogens in apple juice having intrinsic organic acids, and to determine any synergistic effects. | 2015 | 26257401 |
| complete genome sequence of a human-invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of the emerging sequence type 213 harboring a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid and a blacmy-2-carrying incf plasmid. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain 33676 was isolated in mexico city, mexico, from a patient with a systemic infection, and its complete genome sequence was determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. strain 33676 harbors an incf plasmid carrying the extended-spectrum cephalosporin gene blacmy-2 and a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid. | 2015 | 26564044 |
| a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr as a complementary tool for subtyping of salmonella typhimurium. | subtyping below the serovar level is essential for surveillance and outbreak detection and investigation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and its monophasic variant 1,4,[5],12:i:- (s. 1,4,[5],12:i:-), frequent causes of foodborne infections. in an attempt to overcome the intrinsic shortcomings of currently used subtyping techniques, a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) assay was developed which combines different types of molecular markers ... | 2015 | 26205523 |
| complete genome sequencing of a multidrug-resistant and human-invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of the emerging sequence type 213 genotype. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain yu39 was isolated in 2005 in the state of yucatán, mexico, from a human systemic infection. the yu39 strain is representative of the multidrug-resistant emergent sequence type 213 (st213) genotype. the yu39 complete genome is composed of a chromosome and seven plasmids. | 2015 | 26089426 |
| the anti-infective activity of punicalagin against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium in mice. | punicalagin, a major bioactive component of pomegranate peel, has been proven to have antioxidant, antiviral, anti-apoptosis, and hepatoprotective properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-infective activity of punicalagin in a mouse model. c57bl/6 mice were initially challenged with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and then treated with punicalagin. food and water consumption and body weight were recorded daily. on day 8 post infection ... | 2015 | 26084785 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from pigs presenting with diarrhea in korea. | between 2011 and 2012, a total of 896 pig fecal samples were collected from nine provinces in korea, and 50 salmonella enterica susp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was isolated. the characteristics of the 50 strains were analyzed, and 4 strains were identified as salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- could not be distinguished from s. typhimurium through phage typing, antimicrobial resistance testing or multiple-locus variable-number ta ... | 2015 | 26074410 |
| salmonellae interactions with host processes. | salmonellae invasion and intracellular replication within host cells result in a range of diseases, including gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, enteric fever and focal infections. in recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that salmonellae use to alter host cell physiology; through the delivery of effector proteins with specific activities and through the modulation of defence and stress response pathways. in this review, we summarize our cu ... | 2015 | 25749450 |
| characterization of the invasive, multidrug resistant non-typhoidal salmonella strain d23580 in a murine model of infection. | a distinct pathovar of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, st313, has emerged in sub-saharan africa as a major cause of fatal bacteremia in young children and hiv-infected adults. d23580, a multidrug resistant clinical isolate of st313, was previously shown to have undergone genome reduction in a manner that resembles that of the more human-restricted pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar typhi. it has since been shown through tissue distribution studies that d23580 is able to establish an ... | 2015 | 26091096 |
| flagellin is required for host cell invasion and normal salmonella pathogenicity island 1 expression by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is a human-specific serovar that, together with salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar sendai, causes enteric fever. unlike the nontyphoidal salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the genomes of s. typhi and s. paratyphi a are characterized by inactivation of multiple genes, including in the flagellum-chemotaxis pathway. here, we explored the motility phenotype of s. paratyphi a and the role of flagellin in key virulence-associ ... | 2015 | 26056383 |
| pseudogenization of sopa and sope2 is functionally linked and contributes to virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the difference in host range between salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and s. enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) can be partially attributed to pseudogenes. pseudogenes are genomic segments homologous to functional genes that do not encode functional products due to the presence of genetic defects. s. typhi lacks several protein effectors implicated in invasion or other important processes necessary for full virulence of s. typhimurium. sopa and sope2, effectors that have b ... | 2015 | 25913156 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella typhimurium st313 isolates that cause bacteremia in humans stimulate less inflammasome activation than st19 isolates associated with gastroenteritis. | salmonella is an enteric pathogen that causes a range of diseases in humans. non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium generally cause a self-limiting gastroenteritis whereas typhoidal serovars cause a systemic disease, typhoid fever. however, s. typhimurium isolates within the multi-locus sequence type st313 have emerged in sub-saharan africa as a major cause of bacteremia in humans. the s. typhimurium st313 lineage is phylogenetically distinct from ... | 2015 | 25808600 |
| suppression of dendritic cell and t-cell activation by the prst⁹⁸ salmonella plasmid. | salmonella evades host immune response via the expression of a variety of pathogenic factors. the 'prst98' plasmid of salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) is involved in conferring the multidrug‑resistance and virulence of s. typhi. however, its specific effect on host‑cell function has remained elusive. dendritic cells (dcs) are key regulators of immune responses. the present study therefore aimed to investigate whether prst98 may target dcs involved in mediating the adaptive immune re ... | 2015 | 25385146 |
| protection against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella enteritidis infection in layer chickens conferred by a live attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain. | in the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) strain against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum (sg), and salmonella enteritidis (se) infection in layer chickens. birds were orally primed with the attenuated st strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (ppi). sequential monitoring of plasma igg and mucosal secretory iga (siga) levels revealed that inoculation with st in ... | 2015 | 25713506 |
| invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 with naturally attenuated flagellin elicits reduced inflammation and replicates within macrophages. | invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) are an important cause of septicemia in children under the age of five years in sub-saharan africa. a novel genotype of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (multi-locus sequence type [st] 313) circulating in this geographic region is genetically different to from s. typhimurium st19 strains that are common throughout the rest of the world. s. typhimurium st313 strains have acquired pseudogenes and genetic deletions and appear to be evo ... | 2015 | 25569606 |
| elmo1 has an essential role in the internalization of salmonella typhimurium into enteric macrophages that impacts disease outcome. | 4-6 million people die of enteric infections each year. after invading intestinal epithelial cells, enteric bacteria encounter phagocytes. however, little is known about how phagocytes internalize the bacteria to generate host responses. previously, we have shown that bai1 (brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1) binds and internalizes gram-negative bacteria through an elmo1 (engulfment and cell motility protein 1)/rac1-dependent mechanism. here we delineate the role of elmo1 in host inflammatory respon ... | 2015 | 26878033 |
| infiltration of matrix-non-producers weakens the salmonella biofilm and impairs its antimicrobial tolerance and pathogenicity. | bacterial biofilms display a collective lifestyle, wherein the cells secrete extracellular polymeric substances (eps) that helps in adhesion, aggregation, stability, and to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. we asked whether the eps could act as a public good for the biofilm and observed that infiltration of cells that do not produce matrix components weakened the biofilm of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. eps production was costly for the producing cells, as indicated by a signi ... | 2015 | 26779121 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits inflammation to modify swine intestinal microbiota. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. it is a successful enteric pathogen because it has developed virulence strategies allowing it to survive in a highly inflamed intestinal environment exploiting inflammation to overcome colonization resistance provided by intestinal microbiota. in this study, we used piglets featuring an intact microbiota, which naturally develop gastroenteritis, as model for sal ... | 2015 | 26835435 |
| [epidemiological and laboratory investigations on an infant case with diarrhea caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium]. | 2015 | 26833017 | |
| [molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from humans in turkey]. | multidrug resistant (mdr) salmonella infections, especially infections due to salmonella typhimurium dt104 phage type strains are an important public health issue in many parts of the world. s.typhimurium is the most common serotype isolated from clinical samples in turkey but we have limited data about the phage types of these isolates. the aims of this study were to find out whether these mdr s.typhimurium isolates are dt104 phage type isolates and have class 1 integrons and to investigate the ... | 2015 | 26649408 |
| dissecting the cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate signalling network regulating motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2015 | 26634795 | |
| physiologic stresses reveal a salmonella persister state and ta family toxins modulate tolerance to these stresses. | bacterial persister cells are considered a basis for chronic infections and relapse caused by bacterial pathogens. persisters are phenotypic variants characterized by low metabolic activity and slow or no replication. this low metabolic state increases pathogen tolerance to antibiotics and host immune defenses that target actively growing cells. in this study we demonstrate that within a population of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, a small percentage of bacteria are reversibly toleran ... | 2015 | 26633172 |
| re-engineering cellular physiology by rewiring high-level global regulatory genes. | knowledge of global regulatory networks has been exploited to rewire the gene control programmes of the model bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the product is an organism with competitive fitness that is superior to that of the wild type but tuneable under specific growth conditions. the paralogous hns and stpa global regulatory genes are located in distinct regions of the chromosome and control hundreds of target genes, many of which contribute to stress resistance. the locatio ... | 2015 | 26631971 |
| effects of domestic storage and thawing practices on salmonella in poultry-based meat preparations. | among consumer food handling practices, time-temperature abuse has been reported as one of the most common contributory factors in salmonellosis outbreaks where the evidence is strong. the present study performed storage tests of burgers, sausages, and kebabs and investigated (i) the effect of refrigerator temperatures (4°c versus 8 or 12°c, which were the temperatures recorded in 33 and 3%, respectively, of domestic refrigerators in italy), with or without prior temperature abuse (25°c for 2 h, ... | 2015 | 26613905 |
| single passage in mouse organs enhances the survival and spread of salmonella enterica. | intravenous inoculation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium into mice is a prime experimental model of invasive salmonellosis. the use of wild-type isogenic tagged strains (wits) in this system has revealed that bacteria undergo independent bottlenecks in the liver and spleen before establishing a systemic infection. we recently showed that those bacteria that survived the bottleneck exhibited enhanced growth when transferred to naive mice. in this study, we set out to disentangle the com ... | 2015 | 26701880 |
| deletion of invasion protein b in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium influences bacterial invasion and virulence. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) has a wide host range and causes infections ranging from severe gastroenteritis to systemic infections in human, as well as causing typhoid-like disease in murine models of infection. s. typhimurium translocates its effector proteins through the salmonella pathogenicity island-i (spi-i)-encoded t3ss-i needle complex. this study focuses on invasion protein b (sipb) of s. typhimurium, which plays an active role in spi-i invasion efficiency. ... | 2015 | 26341924 |
| lipocalin-2 ensures host defense against salmonella typhimurium by controlling macrophage iron homeostasis and immune response. | lipocalin-2 (lcn2) is an innate immune peptide with pleiotropic effects. lcn2 binds iron-laden bacterial siderophores, chemo-attracts neutrophils and has immunomodulatory and apoptosis-regulating effects. in this study, we show that upon infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, lcn2 promotes iron export from salmonella-infected macrophages, which reduces cellular iron content and enhances the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. lcn2 represses il-10 production while augmentin ... | 2015 | 26332507 |
| genomic variability of serial human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium associated with prolonged carriage. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important foodborne human pathogen that often causes self-limiting but severe gastroenteritis. prolonged excretion of s. typhimurium after the infection can lead to secondary transmissions. however, little is known about within-host genomic variation in bacteria associated with asymptomatic shedding. genomes of 35 longitudinal isolates of s. typhimurium recovered from 11 patients (children and adults) with culture-confirmed gastroenteritis were seque ... | 2015 | 26311853 |
| [structure and function of the bacterial flagellar type iii protein export system in salmonella ]. | the bacterial flagellum is a filamentous organelle that propels the bacterial cell body in liquid media. for construction of the bacterial flagellum beyond the cytoplasmic membrane, flagellar component proteins are transported by its specific protein export apparatus from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure. the flagellar export apparatus consists of a transmembrane export gate complex and a cytoplasmic atpase ring complex. flagellar substrate-specific chaperones b ... | 2015 | 26310179 |
| draft genome sequences of 19 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium [4,5:i:-] strains resistant to nalidixic acid from a long-term outbreak in italy. | here, we present the draft genome sequences of 19 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant [4,5:i:-] strains involved in a long-term salmonellosis outbreak that occurred in central italy in 2013 to 2014. | 2015 | 26294627 |
| vasculature disruption enhances bacterial targeting of autochthonous tumors. | attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) has been developed as a vector to deliver therapeutic agents to tumors. the potential of s. typhimurium in cancer therapy is largely due to its reported propensity to accumulate at greater than 1,000-fold higher concentrations in tumors relative to healthy tissues. in this study, we compared bacterial colonization of tumors in a subcutaneous transplantation model with a more clinically relevant autochthonous tumor model. followi ... | 2015 | 26284135 |
| mdsabc-mediated pathway for pathogenicity in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | mdsabc is a salmonella-specific tripartite efflux pump that has been implicated in the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium; however, little is known about the virulence factors associated with this pump. we observed mdsabc expression-dependent alterations in the degree of resistance to extracellular oxidative stress and macrophage-mediated killing. thin-layer chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed that overexpression of mdsabc led to increased secretion of ... | 2015 | 26283336 |
| inactivated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant (s. typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i-) in sows is effective to control infection in piglets under field condition. | the monophasic variant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, namely salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i-, has been increasingly responsible for foodborne human cases of disease and is most frequently detected in pork, since the variant is widely spread in pig farms. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an autologous vaccine in decreasing the prevalence of salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i-, in pigs. the trial was performed in a multisite pig production system of northern italy. the autogenous vac ... | 2015 | 26260858 |
| biofilm formation ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium acrab mutants. | recent studies offer contradictory findings about the role of multidrug efflux pumps in bacterial biofilm development. thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the acrab efflux pump in biofilm formation by investigating the ability of acrb and acrab null mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to produce biofilms. three models were used to compare the ability of s. typhimurium wild-type and its mutants to form biofilms: formation of biofilm on polystyrene surf ... | 2015 | 26260191 |
| streptomycin induced stress response in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium shows distinct colony scatter signature. | we investigated the streptomycin-induced stress response in salmonella enterica serovars with a laser optical sensor, bardot (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology). initially, the top 20 s. enterica serovars were screened for their response to streptomycin at 100 μg/ml. all, but four s. enterica serovars were resistant to streptomycin. the mic of streptomycin-sensitive serovars (enteritidis, muenchen, mississippi, and schwarzengrund) varied from 12.5 to 50 μg/ml, while s ... | 2015 | 26252374 |
| regulation and function of the salmonella mgtc virulence protein. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium produces many virulence proteins to cause diseases. the salmonella mgtc protein is one of such virulence proteins specially required for intracellular proliferation inside macrophages and mouse virulence. in this review, we will cover how the mgtc gene is turned on or off and what the signals required for mgtc expression are. later in this review, we will discuss a recent understanding of mgtc function in salmonella pathogenesis by identifying its target p ... | 2015 | 26231375 |
| intestinal inflammation leads to a long-lasting increase in resistance to systemic salmonellosis that requires macrophages but not b or t lymphocytes at the time of pathogen challenge. | intestinal inflammation is associated with systemic translocation of commensal antigens and the consequent activation of b and t lymphocytes. the long-term consequences of such immune activation are not completely understood. | 2015 | 26222341 |
| exposure of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to three humectants used in the food industry induces different osmoadaptation systems. | common salt (nacl) is frequently used by the food industry to add flavor and to act as a humectant in order to reduce the water content of a food product. the improved health awareness of consumers is leading to a demand for food products with reduced salt content; thus, manufacturers require alternative water activity-reducing agents which elicit the same general effects as nacl. two examples include kcl and glycerol. these agents lower the water activity of a food matrix and also contribute to ... | 2015 | 26209672 |
| salmonella typhimurium co-opts the host type i ifn system to restrict macrophage innate immune transcriptional responses selectively. | innate immune inflammatory responses are subject to complex layers of negative regulation at intestinal mucosal surfaces. although the type i ifn system is critical for amplifying antiviral immunity, it has been shown to play a homeostatic role in some models of autoimmune inflammation. type i ifn is triggered in the gut by select bacterial pathogens, but whether and how the type i ifn might regulate innate immunity in the intestinal environment have not been investigated in the context of salmo ... | 2015 | 26202980 |
| rescuing chemotaxis of the anticancer agent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vnp20009. | the role of chemotaxis and motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium tumor colonization remains unclear. we determined through swim plate assays that the well-established anticancer agent s. typhimurium vnp20009 is deficient in chemotaxis, and that this phenotype is suppressible. through genome sequencing, we revealed that vnp20009 and four selected suppressor mutants had a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in chey causing a mutation in the conserved proline residue at position 110. ... | 2015 | 26200833 |
| identification of salmonella typhimurium deubiquitinase ssel substrates by immunoaffinity enrichment and quantitative proteomic analysis. | ubiquitination is a key protein post-translational modification that regulates many important cellular pathways and whose levels are regulated by equilibrium between the activities of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. here, we present a method to identify specific deubiquitinase substrates based on treatment of cell lysates with recombinant enzymes, immunoaffinity purification, and global quantitative proteomic analysis. as a model system to identify substrates, we used a virulence-related ... | 2015 | 26147956 |
| generating a metal-responsive transcriptional regulator to test what confers metal sensing in cells. | frmr from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (a csor/rcnr-like transcriptional de-repressor) is shown to repress the frmra operator-promoter, and repression is alleviated by formaldehyde but not manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, or zn(ii) within cells. in contrast, repression by a mutant frmre64h (which gains an rcnr metal ligand) is alleviated by cobalt and zn(ii). unexpectedly, frmr was found to already bind co(ii), zn(ii), and cu(i), and moreover metals, as well as formaldehyde, t ... | 2015 | 26109070 |
| a mannose family phosphotransferase system permease and associated enzymes are required for utilization of fructoselysine and glucoselysine in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium, a major cause of food-borne illness, is capable of using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. fructoselysine and glucoselysine are maillard reaction products formed by the reaction of glucose or fructose, respectively, with the ε-amine group of lysine. we report here that s. typhimurium utilizes fructoselysine and glucoselysine as carbon and nitrogen sources via a mannose family phosphotransferase (pts) encoded by gfrabcd (glucoselysine/fructoselysine ... | 2015 | 26100043 |
| salmonella engages host micrornas to modulate sumoylation: a new arsenal for intracellular survival. | posttranslational modifications (ptms) can alter many fundamental properties of a protein. one or combinations of them have been known to regulate the dynamics of many cellular pathways and consequently regulate all vital processes. understandably, pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to subvert these mechanisms to achieve instantaneous control over host functions. here, we present the first report of modulation by intestinal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhim ... | 2015 | 26100020 |
| fluoroquinolone induction of phage-mediated gene transfer in multidrug-resistant salmonella. | fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial dna gyrase and topoisomerase activity, which can cause dna damage and result in bacterial cell death. in response to dna damage, bacteria induce an sos response to stimulate dna repair. however, the sos response may also induce prophage with production of infectious virions. salmonella strains typically contain multiple prophages, and certain strains including phage types dt120 and dt104 contain prophage that upon induction a ... | 2015 | 26078016 |
| an enterobacterial common antigen mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a vaccine candidate. | due to increasing rates of invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection, there is a need for an effective vaccine to prevent this disease. previous studies showed that a mutation in the first gene of the enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic pathway, weca, resulted in attenuation of s. typhimurium in a murine model of salmonellosis. furthermore, immunization with a weca(-) strain protected against lethal challenge with the parental wild type s. typhimurium strain. herein, we ... | 2015 | 26070977 |
| acetylation regulates survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under acid stress. | the ability to acetylate lysine residues is conserved across organisms, and acetylation of lysine residues plays important roles in various cellular functions. maintaining intracellular ph homeostasis is crucial for the survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic gastric tract. it has been shown that eukaryotes can stabilize the intracellular ph by histone deacetylation. however, it remains unknown whether bacteria can utilize a reversible protein acetylation system to adapt to an acidic environm ... | 2015 | 26070677 |
| infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium leads to increased proportions of f4/80+ red pulp macrophages and decreased proportions of b and t lymphocytes in the spleen. | infection of mice with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella) causes systemic inflammatory disease and enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly). splenomegaly has been attributed to a general increase in the numbers of phagocytes, lymphocytes, as well as to the expansion of immature cd71+ter119+ reticulocytes. the spleen is important for recycling senescent red blood cells (rbcs) and for the capture and eradication of blood-borne pathogens. conservation of splenic tissue architectur ... | 2015 | 26068006 |
| diffusion and persistence of multidrug resistant salmonella typhimurium strains phage type dt120 in southern italy. | sixty-two multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from 255 clinical strains collected in southern italy in 2006-2008 were characterised for antimicrobial resistance genes, pulsotype, and phage type. most strains (83.9%) were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (acssut) encoded in 88.5% by the salmonella genomic island (sgi1) and in 11.5% by the inh-like integron (bla oxa-30-aada1) and cata1, sul1, and tet ... | 2015 | 26060815 |
| small molecules with big effects: cyclic di-gmp-mediated stimulation of cellulose production by the amino acid ʟ-arginine. | in this issue of science signaling, mills et al. show that the amino acid ʟ-arginine increases the concentration of the second messenger c-di-gmp in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium through a specific diguanylate cyclase, leading to increased production of the exopolysaccharide cellulose, which is an extracellular matrix component of environmental and host-associated biofilms. | 2015 | 26060328 |
| defining the core genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for genomic surveillance and epidemiological typing. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is the most common salmonella serovar causing foodborne infections in australia and many other countries. twenty-one s. typhimurium strains from salmonella reference collection a (sara) were analyzed using illumina high-throughput genome sequencing. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 21 sara strains ranged from 46 to 11,916 snps, with an average of 1,577 snps per strain. together with 47 strains selected from publicly available s. typhimurium genome ... | 2015 | 26019201 |
| hamp domain rotation and tilting movements associated with signal transduction in the phoq sensor kinase. | hamp domains are α-helical coiled coils that often transduce signals from extracytoplasmic sensing domains to cytoplasmic domains. limited structural information has resulted in hypotheses that specific hamp helix movement changes downstream enzymatic activity. these hypotheses were tested by mutagenesis and cysteine cross-linking analysis of the phoq histidine kinase, essential for resistance to antimicrobial peptides in a variety of enteric pathogens. these results support a mechanistic model ... | 2015 | 26015499 |
| salmonella infection inhibits intestinal biotin transport: cellular and molecular mechanisms. | infection with the nontyphoidal salmonella is a common cause of food-borne disease that leads to acute gastroenteritis/diarrhea. severe/prolonged cases of salmonella infection could also impact host nutritional status, but little is known about its effect on intestinal absorption of vitamins, including biotin. we examined the effect of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infection on intestinal biotin uptake using in vivo (streptomycin-pretreated mice) and in vitro [mouse (y ... | 2015 | 25999427 |
| mathematical model of flagella gene expression dynamics in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | flagellar assembly in salmonella is controlled by an intricate genetic and biochemical network. this network comprises of a number of inter-connected feedback loops, which control the assembly process dynamically. critical among these are the flia-flgm feedback, fliz-mediated positive feedback, and flit-mediated negative feedback. in this work, we develop a mathematical model to track the dynamics of flagellar gene expression in salmonella. analysis of our model demonstrates that the network is ... | 2015 | 25972986 |
| interaction of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with intestinal organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. | the intestinal mucosa forms the first line of defense against infections mediated by enteric pathogens such as salmonellae. here we exploited intestinal "organoids" (ihos) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hipscs) to explore the interaction of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with ihos. imaging and rna sequencing were used to analyze these interactions, and clear changes in transcriptional signatures were detected, including altered patterns of cytokine expression after ... | 2015 | 25964470 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt41 in danish poultry production. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is one of the most prevalent serovars in europe - where both poultry and poultry related products are common sources of human salmonellosis. due to efficient control programs, the prevalence of s. typhimurium in danish poultry production is very low. despite this, during the past decades there has been a reoccurring problem with infections with s. typhimurium phage type dt41 in the danish poultry production without iden ... | 2015 | 25962983 |
| parallel evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance selected by biocide exposure. | biocides are widely used to prevent infection. we aimed to determine whether exposure of salmonella to various biocides could act as a driver of antibiotic resistance. | 2015 | 25953808 |
| improvement of bacterial clearance and relief of clinical signs of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in pigs through upregulation of th 1-specific responses by administration of a combination of two silicate minerals, biotite and bentonite. | biotite and bentonite are phyllosilicate minerals that were originally used in industrial applications. several beneficial activities of them have recently been reported, especially regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial effects. therefore, we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of a biotite and bentonite mixture (bbm) on experimental infection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to determine whether the bbm could be used as an alt ... | 2015 | 25947887 |
| proteomic analyses of intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveal extensive bacterial adaptations to infected host epithelial cells. | salmonella species can gain access into nonphagocytic cells, where the bacterium proliferates in a unique membrane-bounded compartment. in order to reveal bacterial adaptations to their intracellular niche, here we conducted the first comprehensive proteomic survey of salmonella isolated from infected epithelial cells. among ∼ 3,300 identified bacterial proteins, we found that about 100 proteins were significantly altered at the onset of salmonella intracellular replication. in addition to subst ... | 2015 | 25939512 |
| h-ns silencing of the salmonella pathogenicity island 6-encoded type vi secretion system limits salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium interbacterial killing. | the secretion of bacterial toxin proteins is achieved by dedicated machineries called secretion systems. the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a widespread versatile machine used for the delivery of protein toxins to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the expression of the t6ss genes is activated during macrophage or mouse infection. here, we show that the t6ss gene cluster is silenced by the histone-like nucleoid structuring h-ns protein using a ... | 2015 | 25916986 |
| replication of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in human monocyte-derived macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a common cause of food-borne gastrointestinal illness, but additionally it causes potentially fatal bacteremia in some immunocompromised patients. in mice, systemic spread and replication of the bacteria depend upon infection of and replication within macrophages, but replication in human macrophages is not widely reported or well studied. in order to assess the ability of salmonella typhimurium to replicate in human macrophages, we infected primary mon ... | 2015 | 25895967 |
| novel pegylated silver coated carbon nanotubes kill salmonella but they are non-toxic to eukaryotic cells. | resistance of food borne pathogens such as salmonella to existing antibiotics is of grave concern. silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts-ag) have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and may be a good treatment alternative. however, toxicity to human cells due to their physico-chemical properties is a serious public health concern. although pegylation is commonly used to reduce metal nanoparticle toxicity, swcnts-ag have not been pegylated as yet, and the effect of pegylation of ... | 2015 | 25888864 |
| use of ensure® nutrition shakes as an alternative formulation method for live recombinant attenuated salmonella typhi vaccines. | to be effective, orally administered live salmonella vaccines must first survive their encounter with the low ph environment of the stomach. to enhance survival, an antacid is often given to neutralize the acidic environment of the stomach just prior to or concomitant with administration of the vaccine. one drawback of this approach, from the perspective of the clinical trial volunteer, is that the taste of a bicarbonate-based acid neutralization system can be unpleasant. thus, we explored an al ... | 2015 | 25879849 |
| efficiency of conditionally attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in bacterium-mediated tumor therapy. | increasing numbers of cancer cases generate a great urge for new treatment options. applying bacteria like salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for cancer therapy represents an intensively explored option. these bacteria have been shown not only to colonize solid tumors but also to exhibit an intrinsic antitumor effect. in addition, they could serve as tumor-targeting vectors for therapeutic molecules. however, the pathogenic s. typhimurium strains used for tumor therapy need to be attenuated ... | 2015 | 25873375 |