Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
evaluation of fast technology analysis (fta) cards as an improved method for specimen collection and shipment targeting viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease complex.in order to improve the analytic quality of respiratory specimens collected from cattle for nucleic acid-based diagnosis, a study was undertaken to verify realtime pcr efficiency of specimens collected and stabilized on fta cards™, filter paper which is treated chemically. nucleic acids collected using fta cards without the need for a cold-chain or special liquid media handling provided realtime pcr results consistent (96.8% agreement, kappa 0.923 [95% ci=0.89-0.96]) with the same specimens coll ...201424657552
occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in norway.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. the seroprevalence to brsv in norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. the aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of brsv and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of brd and to perform phylogenetic analysis of norwegian brsv strains.201424423030
mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens.the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ...201424518275
comparison of bovine coronavirus-specific and bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies in serum versus milk samples detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.bovine coronavirus (bcv; betacoronavirus 1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are significant causes of enteric and respiratory disease in beef and dairy cattle throughout the world. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are widely used to detect serum antibodies for herd monitoring and prevalence studies. in dairy herds, milk is more readily collected than serum. hence, in order to investigate the test agreement between serum and milk, both serum and milk samples from 105 cows ...201424309318
human bocavirus respiratory infection in infants in córdoba, argentina.it has been suggested that human bocavirus (hbov) is related to acute respiratory infection (ari) in children (prevalence: 0.9% to 33%) although clinical characteristics have not been clearly established yet.201424566786
vaccines for children and adults with chronic lung disease: efficacy against acute exacerbations.acute exacerbations of chronic lung disease are usually associated with viral and bacterial pathogens. they contribute to declining lung function, poor quality of life and exert an excess burden on individuals, families, communities and the healthcare sector. hence, preventing exacerbations is important in clinical management. several vaccines providing protection against respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis and influenza) that can trigger exacerbations are avail ...201424308654
the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) coincides with changes in the epidemiology of other viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children.in germany, the outbreak of the novel pandemic 2009 influenza a(h1n1) virus a(h1n1)pdm09 caused a wave of high activity between november 2009 and january 2011. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 19 respiratory pathogens in children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections during the winter influenza seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 and to observe a possible impact of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 on the epidemiology of other epidemic viruses.201424150959
[clinical and epidemiological differences between bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants: a matched case control study].an increase in cases of pertussis, mainly in young infants, has been reported in the last few years. the clinical presentation of this disease is very similar to that produced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which makes the diagnosis difficult.201424054972
plant-derived monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of infectious disease.numerous monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize and neutralize infectious pathogens have been isolated and developed over the years. the fact that infectious diseases can involve large populations of infected individuals is an important factor that has motivated the search for both cost-effective and scalable methods of antibody production. the current technologies for production of antibodies in plants allow for very rapid expression and evaluation that can also be readily scaled for multi ...201426082108
a genetic model of differential susceptibility to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract infection during childhood and causes severe symptoms in some patients, which may cause hospitalization and death. mechanisms for differential responses to rsv are unknown. our objective was to develop an in vitro model of rsv infection to evaluate interindividual variation in response to rsv and identify susceptibility genes. populations of human-derived hapmap lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) were infected with r ...201424421397
axl receptor blockade ameliorates pulmonary pathology resulting from primary viral infection and viral exacerbation of asthma.viruses use tyro3, axl, and mertk (tam) receptor tyrosine kinases to infect and modulate the immune properties of various cell types, which led us to investigate whether tam receptor activation affected primary viral infection and viral exacerbation of asthma in experimental models. in these lung-specific models, we observed that axl was the most abundantly induced tam receptor protein. during primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, anti-axl mab treatment significantly increased the ...201424659691
maternal immunization.maternal immunization has the potential to protect the pregnant woman, fetus, and infant from vaccine-preventable diseases. maternal immunoglobulin g is actively transported across the placenta, providing passive immunity to the neonate and infant prior to the infant's ability to respond to vaccines. currently inactivated influenza, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines are recommended during pregnancy. several other vaccines have been studied in pregnancy and found to be safe and imm ...201424799324
inositol-requiring enzyme 1 inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication.despite being a major health problem, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain without specific therapy. identification of novel host cellular responses that play a role in the pathogenesis of rsv infection is needed for therapeutic development. the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling cascade that has been implicated in multiple biological phenomena, including the pathogenesis of some viral infections. in this study, we investig ...201424497642
incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural thailand.pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies.201424030346
rational design of human metapneumovirus live attenuated vaccine candidates by inhibiting viral mrna cap methyltransferase.the paramyxoviruses human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are responsible for the majority of pediatric respiratory diseases and inflict significant economic loss, health care costs, and emotional burdens. despite major efforts, there are no vaccines available for these viruses. the conserved region vi (cr vi) of the large (l) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (mtase) activities that t ...201425056882
reactive oxygen species at the crossroads of inflammasome and inflammation.inflammasomes form a crucial part of the innate immune system. these are multi-protein oligomer platforms that are composed of intracellular sensors which are coupled with caspase and interleukin activating systems. nod-like receptor protein (nlrp) 3, and 6 and nlrc4 and aim2 are the prominent members of the inflammasome family. inflammasome activation leads to pyroptosis, a process of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis through activation of caspase and further downstream targets such ...201425324778
highly sulfated k5 escherichia coli polysaccharide derivatives inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infectivity in cell lines and human tracheal-bronchial histocultures.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) exploits cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) as attachment receptors. the interaction between rsv and hspgs thus presents an attractive target for the development of novel inhibitors of rsv infection. in this study, selective chemical modification of the escherichia coli k5 capsular polysaccharide was used to generate a collection of sulfated k5 derivatives with a backbone structure that mimics the heparin/heparan sulfate biosynthetic precursor. t ...201424914125
methyltransferase-defective avian metapneumovirus vaccines provide complete protection against challenge with the homologous colorado strain and the heterologous minnesota strain.avian metapneumovirus (ampv), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. since its discovery in the 1970s, ampv has been recognized as an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry worldwide. the conserved region vi (cr vi) of the large (l) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (mtase) activities that typically methylate viral ...201425122790
primary ebv infection induces an expression profile distinct from other viruses but similar to hemophagocytic syndromes.epstein-barr virus (ebv) causes infectious mononucleosis and establishes lifelong infection associated with cancer and autoimmune disease. to better understand immunity to ebv, we performed a prospective study of natural infection in healthy humans. transcriptome analysis defined a striking and reproducible expression profile during acute infection but no lasting gene changes were apparent during latent infection. comparing the ebv response profile to multiple other acute viral infections, inclu ...201424465555
differential roles of lung dendritic cell subsets against respiratory virus infection.respiratory viruses can induce acute respiratory disease. clinical symptoms and manifestations are dependent on interactions between the virus and host immune system. dendritic cells (dcs), along with alveolar macrophages, constitute the first line of sentinel cells in the innate immune response against respiratory viral infection. dcs play an essential role in regulating the immune response by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. in the steady state, lung dcs can be subdivided into cd103(+) c ...201424999309
modulation of respiratory tlr3-anti-viral response by probiotic microorganisms: lessons learned from lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. host immune response is implicated in both protective and immunopathological mechanisms during rsv infection. activation of toll-like receptor (tlr)-3 in innate immune cells by rsv can induce airway inflammation, protective immune response, and pulmonary immunopathology. a clear understanding of rsv-host interaction is important for the development of novel and effective thera ...201424860569
sustained activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 during infection by paramyxoviruses requires mda5.retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) are the main cytosolic sensors of single-stranded rna viruses, including paramyxoviruses, and are required to initiate a quick and robust innate antiviral response. despite different ligand-binding properties, the consensus view is that rig-i and mda5 trigger common signal(s) to activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3) and nf-κb, and downstream antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine expression. he ...201424800889
resveratrol inhibits the trif-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile alpha and armadillo motif protein, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects after respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. uncontrolled response to rsv is mediated by a toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated immune response. resveratrol possesses anti-rsv activity and is an inhibitor of the trif/tbk1/irf-3 complex. we hypothesize that resveratrol inhibits the trif-dependent pathway through upregulation of sarm post-rsv infection. balb/c mice were i ...201424478430
alpha/beta interferon receptor signaling amplifies early proinflammatory cytokine production in the lung during respiratory syncytial virus infection.type i interferons (ifns) are produced early upon virus infection and signal through the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-α/β) receptor (ifnar) to induce genes that encode proteins important for limiting viral replication and directing immune responses. to investigate the extent to which type i ifns play a role in the local regulation of inflammation in the airways, we examined their importance in early lung responses to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). ifnar1-deficient (ifnar1(-/-)) ...201424648449
retrospective serology study of respiratory virus infections in captive great apes.great apes are extremely sensitive to infections with human respiratory viruses. in this study, we retrospectively analyzed sera from captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans. more than 1000 sera (403 chimpanzee, 77 gorilla, and 535 orang-utan sera) were analyzed for antibodies to the human respiratory viruses rsv (respiratory syncytial virus, hmpv (human metapneumovirus), h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses, and influenza b virus. in all ape species high seroprevalences were found for rsv, h ...201424662675
development of a reverse genetics system for respiratory syncytial virus long strain and an immunogenicity study of the recombinant virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human respiratory pathogen, particularly of infants and older adults, and despite several decades of research and development, no licensed vaccine is available. studies have confirmed that enhancement of rsv disease does not occur after inoculation with rsv live-attenuated vaccine candidates, making such vaccines preferable. in this paper, reverse genetics was used to construct two recombinant viruses, a recombinant long strain (rlong) and rlong- ...201425107552
respiratory syncytial virus genomic load and disease severity among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: multicenter cohort studies in the united states and finland.we investigated whether children with a higher respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genomic load are at a higher risk of more-severe bronchiolitis.201425425699
the role of multiplex pcr in respiratory tract infections in children.infants, toddlers, and children of primary-school age without any special risk factors generally have three to ten febrile respiratory infections per year. most such infections are of viral origin and self-limiting, but viral infection is often hard to distinguish from bacterial infection. the use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect viruses in respiratory secretions is potentially beneficial, as it might help physicians avoid giving antibiotics unnecessarily.201425316519
live attenuated b. pertussis bpze1 rescues the immune functions of respiratory syncytial virus infected human dendritic cells by promoting th1/th17 responses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract viral infection in young children and a major cause of winter hospitalization. bordetella pertussis is a common cause of bacterial lung disease, affecting a similar age group. although vaccines are available for b. pertussis infection, disease rates have recently increased in many countries. we have therefore developed a novel live attenuated b. pertussis strain (bpze1), which has recently undergone a success ...201424967823
the real-life effectiveness of palivizumab for reducing hospital admissions for respiratory syncytial virus in infants residing in nunavut.background⁄201424367792
attenuated bordetella pertussis vaccine protects against respiratory syncytial virus disease via an il-17-dependent mechanism.we attenuated virulent bordetella pertussis by genetically eliminating or detoxifying three major toxins. this strain, named bpze1, is being developed as a possible live nasal vaccine for the prevention of whooping cough. it is immunogenic and safe when given intranasally in adult volunteers.201424261996
pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements.in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ...201424478472
is there still room for novel viral pathogens in pediatric respiratory tract infections?viruses are the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in children. however, despite the advanced diagnostic methods currently in use, in 20 to 50% of respiratory samples a specific pathogen cannot be detected. in this work, we used a metagenomic approach and deep sequencing to examine respiratory samples from children with lower and upper respiratory tract infections that had been previously found negative for 6 bacteria and 15 respiratory viruses by pcr. nasal washings from 25 children (ou ...201425412469
viral infection is not uncommon in adult patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.viral pathogens have not generally been regarded as important causes of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), except in patients with hematologic malignancy or transplant recipients. we investigated the role and distribution of viruses in adult with severe hap who required intensive care.201424752070
the association of meningococcal disease with influenza in the united states, 1989-2009.prior influenza infection is a risk factor for invasive meningococcal disease. quantifying the fraction of meningococcal disease attributable to influenza could improve understanding of viral-bacterial interaction and indicate additional health benefits to influenza immunization.201425265409
clinical epidemiology of bocavirus, rhinovirus, two polyomaviruses and four coronaviruses in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected south african children.advances in molecular diagnostics have implicated newly-discovered respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. we aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov), human rhinovirus (hrv), polyomavirus-wu (wupyv) and -ki (kipyv) and human coronaviruses (cov)-oc43, -nl63, -hku1 and -229e among children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti).201424498274
respiratory morbidity of preterm infants of less than 33 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a 12-month follow-up of the castor study cohort.the aim of this study was to describe the incidence and risk factors for respiratory morbidity during the 12-month period following the first respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season in 242 preterm infants [<33 weeks gestational age (ga)] without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 201 full-term infants (39-41 weeks ga) from the french castor study cohort. preterm infants had increased respiratory morbidity during the follow-up period compared to full-terms; they were more likely to have wheezing (21 ...201424029023
use of palivizumab in infants and young children with severe respiratory disease: a delphi study.to achieve a consensus of opinion among an expert group of pediatric pulmonologists regarding the appropriateness of the off-label use of palivizumab for some pediatric patients with severe respiratory diseases.201423775884
predictors of severity and mortality in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection in a tropical region.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in infants and young children. although alri is a major public health problem in developing countries located in tropical areas, studies about rsv epidemiology in these regions are scarce.201423401345
respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in children with cardiac disease: a retrospective single-centre study.to examine the characteristics of congenital heart disease patients hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus infection after prophylaxis and determine the associated comorbidities and the incidence of breakthrough respiratory syncytial virus infections.201423628233
pediatricians' attitudes and costs of bronchiolitis in the emergency department: a prospective multicentre study.how pediatricians manage bronchiolitis and the derived total costs (direct and indirect) in the emergency department (ed) have not been fully characterized. the aim of the present study is to calculate those costs in a european country.201424167120
defective control of vitamin d receptor-mediated epithelial stat1 signalling predisposes to severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants with seasonal frequency, for which vitamin d deficiency and a well-described polymorphism in the vitamin d receptor (vdr) foki are important risk factors. recent studies suggest that vitamin d regulates immune pathways in airway epithelial cells during rsv infection. it is not understood why the vdr foki polymorphism predisposes to severe rsv bronchiolitis. we investigated how the vdr foki polymorphism regulates the epit ...201424105653
increased concentration of iodide in airway secretions is associated with reduced respiratory syncytial virus disease severity.recent studies have revealed that the human and nonrodent mammalian airway mucosa contains an oxidative host defense system. this three-component system consists of the hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-producing enzymes dual oxidase (duox)1 and duox2, thiocyanate (scn(-)), and secreted lactoperoxidase (lpo). the lpo-catalyzed reaction between h2o2 and scn(-) yields the bactericidal hypothiocyanite (oscn(-)) in airway surface liquid (asl). although scn(-) is the physiological substrate of lpo, the duox/l ...201424053146
reversible diffusion restriction of the middle cerebellar peduncles and dentate nucleus in acute respiratory syncytial virus cerebellitis: a case report.acute cerebellitis is a postinfectious or postvaccinal disorder that predominantly affects children. the typical magnetic resonance imaging appearance has been previously described as cerebellar hemispheric cortical edema. here, we report a rare case of respiratory syncytial virus-related cerebellitis with transient diffusion restriction of cerebellar peduncles and dentate nucleus. differential diagnoses are also discussed.201424013714
increased risk for respiratory syncytial virus-associated, community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in infants born at 31-36 weeks of gestation.we compared hospitalization and pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission rates for community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (caap) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated caap (rsv-caap) in non-rsv-immunized children <24-month-old born at 31-36 weeks gestational age (ga) versus those born at term (>36 weeks ga).201424145171
respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis reduces chronic respiratory morbidity in prematurely born infants. 201424142143
induction of mucosal immunity and protection by intranasal immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine formulation.the majority of infections, including those caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), occur at mucosal surfaces. as no rsv vaccine is available our goal is to produce an effective subunit vaccine with an adjuvant suitable for mucosal delivery and cross-presentation. a truncated secreted version of the rsv fusion (δf) protein formulated with polyi : c, an innate defence regulator peptide and polyphosphazene, induced local and systemic immunity, including affinity maturation of rsv f-specific i ...201424136365
viruses associated with influenza-like-illnesses in papua new guinea, 2010.influenza-like-illness can be caused by a wide range of respiratory viruses. the etiology of influenza-like-illness in developing countries such as papua new guinea is poorly understood. the etiological agents associated with influenza-like-illness were investigated retrospectively for 300 nasopharyngeal swabs received by the papua new guinea national influenza centre in 2010. real-time pcr/rt-pcr methods were used for the detection of 13 respiratory viruses. patients with influenza-like-illness ...201424136362
systematic review of montelukast's efficacy for preventing post-bronchiolitis wheezing.infants often develop reactive airway diseases subsequent to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts), a class of lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, are released during rsv infection, thereby contributing to the pathogenic changes in airway inflammation. many pediatric patients, especially those of very young age, continue to have recurrent episodes of lower airway obstruction after bronchiolitis ...201424118637
children with multiple viral respiratory infections are older than those with single viruses.to study the clinical impact of multiple viral respiratory infections compared to single infections.201424117958
infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus needed less ventilator time with nasal continuous airways pressure then invasive mechanical ventilation.nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) has been proposed as an early first-line support for infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we hypothesised that infants <6 months with severe rsv would require shorter ventilator support on ncpap than invasive mechanical ventilation (imv).201424117695
clinical characteristics and direct medical cost of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalized in suzhou, china.there have been few studies on children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) published from mainland china. we performed a retrospective review of medical charts to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and direct medical cost of laboratory-proven rsv children hospitalized in suzhou, china.201424088730
fc gamma receptors in respiratory syncytial virus infections: implications for innate immunity.rsv infections are a major burden in infants less than 3 months of age. newborns and infants express a distinct immune system that is largely dependent on innate immunity and passive immunity from maternal antibodies. antibodies can regulate immune responses against viruses through interaction with fc gamma receptors leading to enhancement or neutralization of viral infections. the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effect of fc gamma receptors on viral infections have yet to be elucidat ...201424227634
tidal volume drives inflammation during mechanical ventilation for viral respiratory infection.respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection is the most frequent cause of respiratory insufficiency necessitating mechanical ventilation in infants during the winter season. recently, we presented a new animal model to show that mechanical ventilation aggravates respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary inflammation by distinct mechanisms. we now use this model to study whether low tidal volume mechanical ventilation causes less ventilator-induced lung injury in the presenc ...201424196010
delayed sequelae of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection are dependent on cells of the innate immune system.infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in neonatal mice leads to exacerbated disease if mice are reinfected with the same virus as adults. both t cells and the host major histocompatibility complex genotype contribute to this phenomenon, but the part played by innate immunity has not been defined. since macrophages and natural killer (nk) cells play key roles in regulating inflammation during rsv infection of adult mice, we studied the role of these cells in exacerbated inflammation fo ...201424173217
respiratory syncytial virus: how, why and what to do.bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants and young children worldwide. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. studies conducted using molecular diagnostic assays confirmed that rsv accounts for over 50% of bronchiolitis in young children requiring hospitalization. those studies demonstrate that it is common to identify rsv in association with a second viral agent but it is yet unclear whether the simultaneous detection of t ...201424171820
malnutrition: a risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and hospitalization.longitudinal information examining the effect of poor infant growth on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) severity is limited. children hospitalized with rsv lower respiratory infection represent those at the severe end of the disease spectrum.201424168980
a recombinant influenza virus vaccine expressing the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus.infections with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rank high among the most common human respiratory diseases worldwide. previously, we developed a replication-incompetent influenza virus by replacing the coding sequence of the pb2 gene, which encodes one of the viral rna polymerase subunits, with that of a reporter gene. here, we generated a pb2-knockout recombinant influenza virus expressing the f protein of rsv (pb2-rsvf virus) and tested its potential as a bivalent vaccine. in m ...201424292020
asthma across the ages: knowledge gaps in childhood asthma.the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development convened an asthma group in response to the best pharmaceuticals for children act. the overall goal of the best pharmaceuticals for children act program is to improve pediatric therapeutics through preclinical and clinical drug trials that lead to drug-labeling changes. although significant advances have been made in the understanding and management of asthma in adults with appropriately labeled medications, less ...201424290281
prolonged respiratory viral shedding in transplant patients.respiratory viral infections are frequent causes of morbidity in transplant patients. we screened symptomatic adult transplant recipients for respiratory viruses in a cohort of patients attending a referral medical center in brazil. the duration of viral shedding and the prevalence of viral codetections were also determined. during a 1-year period (2011-2012), swabs were obtained from 50 patients. an in-house polymerase chain reaction panel designed to detect 10 viruses was used. viruses were id ...201424289829
targeting cd137 enhances vaccine-elicited anti-respiratory syncytial virus cd8+ t cell responses in aged mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and the elderly. no vaccines for rsv are in use. because of immunosenescence, the immunologic requirements for a successful rsv vaccine in the elderly might differ from a rsv vaccine for young children. using an aged mouse model of rsv pathogenesis, we found that aged mice had impaired ag-specific cd8(+) t cell responses and delayed rsv clearance compared with young mice. to study vaccine-elicited rsv-specif ...201424285837
epidemiology and risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring pediatric intensive care admission in hong kong children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. however, there are limited data on severe rsv infection requiring pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission. this retrospective study described features of rsv-associated picu admissions in hong kong and investigated factors for mortality and duration of picu stay.201424277597
detection of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein variants between 2009 and 2012 in china.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory tract infection, particularly acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti), in early childhood. the rsv fusion protein (f protein) is an important surface protein, and it is the target of both cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and neutralizing antibodies; thus, it may be useful as a candidate for vaccine research. this study investigated the genetic diversity of the rsv f protein. to this end, a total of 1800 nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospi ...201424297488
medically attended respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults aged ≥ 50 years: clinical characteristics and outcomes.few studies have examined respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in adults. we assessed the characteristics and outcomes of rsv relative to other viral infections.201424265361
a recombinant anchorless respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein/monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) vaccine protects against rsv-induced replication and lung pathology.we previously demonstrated that the severe cytokine storm and pathology associated with rsv infection following intramuscular vaccination of cotton rats with fi-rsv lot 100 could be completely abolished by formulating the vaccine with the mild tlr4 agonist and adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). despite this significant improvement, the vaccine failed to blunt viral replication in the lungs. since mpl is a weak tlr4 agonist, we hypothesized that its adjuvant activity was mediated by modulati ...201424252693
atomic force microscopic investigation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hep-2 cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primarily causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. in spite of intense research, no safe and effective vaccine has been developed yet. for understanding its pathogenesis and development of anti-rsv drugs/therapeutics, it is indispensable to study the rsv-host interaction. although, there are limited studies using electron microscopy to elucidate the infection process of rsv, to our knowledge, no study has reported the morphological impact of rsv infection ...201424251370
development of a high-throughput replicon assay for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) drug discovery has been hindered by the lack of good chemistry starting points and would benefit from robust and convenient assays for high-throughput screening (hts). in this paper, we present the development and optimization of a 384-well rsv replicon assay that enabled hts for rsv replication inhibitors with a low bio-containment requirement. the established replicon assay was successfully implemented for high-throughput screening. a validation screen was per ...201424246168
respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in urban ghana: february to november 2006.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in young children. rsv strains have been divided into 2 major antigenic groups (a and b), which are further divided into several genotypes, but very little is known about its circulating genotypes in ghana. this study characterized rsv genotypes detected in children with alri in accra between february and november 2006.201425745535
evaluation of igg antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and associated risk factors for severe respiratory tract infections in pre-school children in north-central, nigeria.childhood mortality and morbidity due to rsv is increasing. our current study was aimed at determining the sero-prevalence rate of rsv igg antibodies and investigates certain known risk factors for rsv disease severity in infants and pre-school children presenting with various forms of respiratory tract infections in ilorin, nigeria.201425729535
determining the breadth of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific t cell response.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under the age of 5. studies examining rsv infection in susceptible balb/c mice indicate that both cd4 and cd8 t cells not only contribute to viral clearance but also facilitate rsv-induced disease. however, efforts to understand the mechanisms by which rsv-specific t cells mediate disease following acute rsv infection have been hampered by the lack of defined rsv-specifi ...201424371055
relationship between common viral upper respiratory tract infections and febrile seizures in children from suzhou, china.this study aimed to determine the potential predisposing factors for the development of febrile seizures among children with upper respiratory tract infection in the eastern chinese region. participants were individuals aged 6 months and 6 years (n = 189) who were diagnosed with febrile seizure, complicated with upper respiratory tract infection, and 174 age-matched children who had upper respiratory tract infection without seizures as controls. the viral antigens including influenza a and b, pa ...201424453149
vitamin d-binding protein haplotype is associated with hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis.between 75 000 and 125 000 u.s. infants are hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis every year. up to half will be diagnosed with asthma in later childhood. vitamin d deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to asthma and respiratory infections. measured vitamin d is largely bound to vitamin d-binding protein (vdbp); vdbp levels are influenced by its gene (gc) haplotype.201424447085
the effect of birth month on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first year of life in the united states.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. to help direct targeted interventions and future rsv vaccine programs, we examined risk of rsv-related hospitalization by infant age and birth month.201424445838
respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the united states, 2007-2012: results from a national surveillance system.annual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks throughout the us exhibit variable patterns in onset, peak month of activity and duration of season. rsvalert, a us surveillance system, collects and characterizes rsv test data at national, regional, state and local levels.201424445835
influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in clinical specimens without nucleic acid extraction using focus direct disc assay is substantially equivalent to the traditional methods and the focus nucleic acid extraction-dependent rt-pcr assay.in this study, we evaluated focus diagnostic's flu a/b & rsv direct kit (direct disc assay), designed to detect influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) directly in clinical specimens without nucleic acid extraction. this novel 'sample-to-answer', nucleic acid extraction-independent assay uses a unique disc to process, amplify, and detect viral targets in up to 8 specimens at a time. the performance of this assay for detecting flu and rsv viruses was compared to the traditional me ...201424360265
motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness.this study was conducted to determine whether treatment with motavizumab, an anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibody, would decrease viral load and improve clinical outcomes in previously healthy term infants hospitalized with rsv lower respiratory tract infection.201424356256
respiratory syncytial virus infection, tlr3 ligands, and proinflammatory cytokines induce cd161 ligand llt1 expression on the respiratory epithelium.during respiratory-virus infection, excessive lymphocyte activation can cause pathology both in acute infection and in exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. the costimulatory molecule cd161 is expressed on lymphocyte subsets implicated in promoting respiratory inflammation, including th2, th17, mucosally associated invariant t (mait) cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. we asked whether the cd161 ligand llt1 could be expressed on respiratory epithelial cells following respiratory-vi ...201424352438
respiratory syncytial virus in critically ill adult patients with community-acquired respiratory failure: a prospective observational study.the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection was determined during three rsv seasons in 158 adult patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit with community-acquired respiratory failure. nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for the presence of rsv and influenza virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction. six patients (4%) were positive for rsv and all recovered. this finding was in sharp contrast to influenza (23 (15%) patients, 4 (17%) deaths). i ...201424350766
fio2 predicts outcome in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in infants. ards is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by severe hypoxemia, defined as pao(2)/fio(2) ratio <300 mmhg. this ratio is used in many trials as the sole oxygenation criterion for ards. recently, however, it has been shown in adults with ards that fio(2), independently of the pao(2)/fio(2) ratio predicts mortality. because epidemiology and outcome of ards differ strong ...201424347224
lack of long-term effects of high-dose inhaled beclomethasone for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.previously, we showed that high-dose early initiated inhaled corticosteroids during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis partially and transiently prevents subsequent recurrent wheeze. here, we study treatment effect on lung function at age 6.201424346594
respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen causing acute respiratory infection in children. herein, we describe the incidence and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings of rsv-related encephalitis, a major neurological complication of rsv infection.201424337535
predicting the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants: should we use a clinical score or a biomarker?krebs von den lungen 6 antigen (kl-6) has been shown to be a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. to assess the correlation between the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis, serum kl-6, and the causative viruses, 222 infants with acute bronchiolitis presenting at the pediatric emergency department of estaing university hospital, clermont-ferrand, france, were prospectively enrolled from october 2011 to may 2012. disease severity was assessed with a s ...201424374757
north-south divide: distribution and outcome of respiratory viral infections in paediatric intensive care units in cape town (south africa) and nottingham (united kingdom).this study aims to describe and compare the spectrum, course, seasonality and outcome of children with virus-associated respiratory symptoms (vars) admitted to two paediatric intensive care units (picus) in the united kingdom (uk) and south africa (sa).201424372932
bronchoscopic interventions with surfactant and recombinant human deoxyribonuclease for acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia in moderately preterm infants: case series.atelectases, over-inflation of ventilated regions of the lung, and consecutive pneumothoraces are life-threatening conditions in mechanically ventilated infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia. the accumulation of viscous secretions secondary to impaired mucociliary clearance in the more proximal parts of the bronchial tree is the prerequisite for atelectases and also prevents the delivery of inhaled medications to the more distal parts of the ...201427489660
respiratory syncytial virus infections in children with cancer.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in children, especially those with cancer. data on rsv infections in this vulnerable population is limited. we conducted a retrospective study of all rsv infections in children with cancer from 1998 to 2009 to determine characteristics and outcomes of these infections, identify risk factors for lrti and mortality, and the effect of antiviral therapy on these outcomes. we identified 59 patients with a ...201424327130
intranasal immunization with w 80 5ec adjuvanted recombinant rsv rf-ptn enhances clearance of respiratory syncytial virus in a mouse model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous virus that infects almost all people by age two and is a major source of respiratory illness in infants, the elderly and others with compromised immune systems. currently there is no available vaccine. prior efforts using formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) were associated with enhanced respiratory disease upon viral exposure following clinical vaccine trials. several researchers and pharmaceutical companies have utilized vector-associated live att ...201424326268
impact of a bronchiolitis guideline on ed resource use and cost: a segmented time-series analysis.bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and contributes to millions of dollars in health care costs. care guidelines may cut costs by reducing unnecessary resource utilization. through the implementation of a guideline, we sought to reduce unnecessary resource utilization and improve the value of care provided to infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric emergency department (ed).201424324000
rationale for full-season dosing for passive antibody prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus.palivizumab monthly injections throughout the rsv season prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in preterm infants ≤ 35 wga. however, some rsv guidelines currently recommend stopping palivizumab after 3 months of age in the midst of the rsv season. this article evaluates the need for full-season dosing by reviewing the pharmacokinetic properties of palivizumab and rsv hospitalization (rsvh) risk as a function of chronologic age. precise human palivizumab protective levels are n ...201424316863
nkg2c gene deletion in the mexican population and lack of association to respiratory viral infections.expansion of a natural killer (nk) cell population that expresses nkg2c has been associated with cytomegalovirus and other viral infections. it has been suggested that this cell population may play a role in infection control. deletion of the nkg2c gene (homozygous or heterozygous) has been reported with high prevalence in european and asian populations. however, the effect of nkg2c genotype on nk cell responses to infection remains poorly defined. we determined the prevalence of the nkg2c delet ...201424305414
clonotype-specific avidity influences the dynamics and hierarchy of virus-specific regulatory and effector cd4(+) t-cell responses.a key component of immunity against viruses, cd4(+) t cells expand and differentiate into functional subsets upon primary infection, where effector (teff) cells facilitate infection control and regulatory (treg) cells mitigate immunopathology. after secondary infection, teff cells mount a robust response from the memory pool. here, we show that treg-cell responses are diminished upon secondary infection, and treg-cell response dynamics are associated more with t-cell receptors (tcrs) repertoire ...201424510524
children with celiac disease are more likely to have attended hospital for prior respiratory syncytial virus infection.the purpose of this study was to examine the association between celiac disease (cd) and prior respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection or any viral bronchiolitis.201424510390
respiratory syncytial virus persistence in macrophages upregulates fcgamma receptors expression.viruses can persist in differentiated cells (i.e., macrophages) over long periods of time, altering host cells functions but not inducing their death. we had previously reported that, in early passages (14-40) of a murine macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (mfp), fcgr-mediated phagocytosis and expression of fcgriib/riii on the cell membrane were increased with respect to mock-infected macrophages (mfn). in this work, we explored the mechanism u ...201424509813
increased risk of wheeze and decreased lung function after respiratory syncytial virus infection.a relationship between hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and asthma development has been suggested in case-control studies.201424498037
genetic predisposition of rsv infection-related respiratory morbidity in preterm infants.the aim of this study was to assess whether prematurely born infants have a genetic predisposition to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection-related respiratory morbidity. one hundred and forty-six infants born at less than 36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed. nasopharygeal aspirates were obtained on every occasion the infants had a lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) regardless of need for admission. dna was tested for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). chronic r ...201424487983
should infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event undergo evaluation for serious bacterial infections and respiratory pathogens?we sought to identify which patients with an apparent life-threatening event require infectious evaluation through an analysis of infants aged ≤12 months brought to an emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event. among the 533 children evaluated, there were no cases of meningitis, 1 case of bacteremia, 17 cases of urinary tract infection, 22 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 22 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, and 2 cases of influenza virus identified in respiratory specimens.201424484770
respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza cause similar illnesses in children with sickle cell disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of acute chest syndrome (acs) in sickle cell disease (scd), but its clinical course and acute complications have not been well characterized. we compared rsv to seasonal influenza infections in children with scd.201424481883
respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein degrades stat2 by inducing socs1 expression.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural protein ns1 (ns1) has been shown to block interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral signaling. the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) gene family could utilize a feedback loop to block the activation of the jak/stat signaling pathway, further inhibiting the activation of host type i ifn. we evaluated the role of the socs1 and socs3 genes in this antiviral mechanism.201424480984
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in cyprus during three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013): age distribution, seasonality and association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity.this study reports the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized children in cyprus over three successive seasons (2010-2013) and the association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. rsv infections had a circulation pattern from december to march. most rsv-positive children (83%) were aged <2 years. genotyping of rsv isolates showed that during the first winter season of the study (2010-2011), the only rsv genotype circulating was ga2 (rsv-a), followed by gen ...201424476750
preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals.in most high-income countries palivizumab prophylaxis is considered safe, efficacious and cost-effective for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospital admissions among specific subgroups of infants born preterm, with chronic lung disease or with congenital heart disease. virtually all babies acquire rsv during infancy and previously healthy babies are not eligible to receive palivizumab. emerging evidence suggests some benefit of palivizumab use in reducing recurrent wheeze among inf ...201424464977
maternal antibodies by passive immunization with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus confer protection without vaccine-enhanced disease.maternal immunization of mice with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) resulted in the passive transfer of rsv antibodies but not cellular components to the offspring. the offspring born to fi-rsv immunized mothers showed serum rsv neutralizing activity, effectively controlled lung viral loads without vaccine-enhanced disease, did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia, and cytokine producing cells after live rsv infection. therefore, this study provides evidence that maternal i ...201424462695
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2001 - 2100 of 11972