Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| evidence for an association between heat shock protein 70 and the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase complex within lipid-raft membranes during virus infection. | in this report, the interaction between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was examined. although no significant increase in total hsp70 protein levels was observed during virus infection, analysis of the hsp70 content in lipid-raft membranes from mock- and virus-infected cells revealed an increase in the levels of raft-associated hsp70 during virus infection. fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that this transport of hsp70 into lipid-raft membranes correlated w ... | 2005 | 15936795 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in immunocompromised adults: clinical features and outcome. | though predominantly an infection of children, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) also infects adults, particularly those with immune compromise. | 2005 | 15942295 |
| a cmv-actin-globin hybrid promoter improves adeno-associated viral vector gene expression in the arterial wall in vivo. | adeno-associated virus (aav) vectors are attractive tools for direct intralumenal arterial gene transfer in interventional cardiology or cardiovascular surgery, but clinical application has been constrained by poor gene expression in this setting. | 2005 | 15945122 |
| il-7 receptor alpha chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human cd8+ t cells. | virus-specific cd8+ t cells emerge after infection with herpesviruses and maintain latency to these persistent pathogens. it has been demonstrated that murine memory cd8+ t-cell precursors specific for acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus express interleukin-7 receptor alpha (il-7ralpha), and il-7 is involved in maintaining memory populations after the clearance of antigen. to investigate whether human cd8+ t cells reactive toward persistent viruses are maintained similarly, we analyzed il-7 ... | 2005 | 15947093 |
| b-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model, but does not adversely affect humoral responses in a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. | we report the development of a mouse b cell-depleting immunoconjugate (anti-cd22 monoclonal antibody [mab] conjugated to calicheamicin) and its in vivo use to characterize the kinetics of cd22+ b-cell depletion and reconstitution in murine primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. the effect of b-cell depletion was further studied in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model and a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. our results show that (1) the immunoconjugate has b-cell-sp ... | 2005 | 15947095 |
| efficient gene transfer into mouse embryonic stem cells with adenovirus vectors. | efficient and transient gene transfer into embryonic stem (es) cells is expected to be of use for basic studies in developmental biology and for applications in regenerative medicine. here, we report the development of an adenovirus (ad) vector that efficiently expresses foreign genes in mouse es (mes) cells. we prepared four lacz-expressing ad vectors, each of which contained one of the following: rous sarcoma virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), beta-actin promoter/cmv enhancer (ca), or ef-1alp ... | 2005 | 15950541 |
| the cysteine-rich region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein inhibits innate immunity elicited by the virus and endotoxin. | the attachment protein (glycoprotein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has long been associated with disease potentiation and respiratory symptoms. the glycoprotein has a conserved cysteine-rich region (gcrr) whose function is unknown and which is not necessary for efficient viral replication. in this report, we show that the gcrr is a powerful inhibitor of the innate immune response against rsv, and that early secretion of glycoprotein is critical to modulate inflammation after rsv infectio ... | 2005 | 15956195 |
| real-time detection of virus particles and viral protein expression with two-color nanoparticle probes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) mediates serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children and is a significant pathogen of the elderly and immune compromised. rapid and sensitive rsv diagnosis is important to infection control and efforts to develop antiviral drugs. current rsv detection methods are limited by sensitivity and/or time required for detection. in this study, we show that antibody-conjugated nanoparticles rapidly and sensitively detect rsv and estimate relativ ... | 2005 | 15956604 |
| growth of respiratory syncytial virus in primary epithelial cells from the human respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. to study rsv replication, we have developed an in vitro model of human nasopharyngeal mucosa, human airway epithelium (hae). rsv grows to moderate titers in hae, though they are significantly lower than those in a continuous epithelial cell line, hep-2. in hae, rsv spreads over time to form focal collections of infected cells causing minimal cytopathic effect. unlike hep-2 ce ... | 2005 | 15956607 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of albuterol enantiomers during respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | every year in the united states, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants and young children cause more than 120,000 hospitalizations, often complicated by the need for mechanical ventilation; yet no effective therapy is currently available for this disease. we showed previously that rsv infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. in the present study, we sought to determine whether aerosolized beta(2)-receptor agonists inhibit neurogenic-m ... | 2005 | 15957175 |
| interaction between the respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain and the matrix protein. | paramyxovirus assembly at the cell membrane requires the movement of viral components to budding sites and envelopment of nucleocapsids by cellular membranes containing viral glycoproteins, facilitated by interactions with the matrix protein. the specific protein interactions during assembly of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are unknown. here, the postulated interaction between the rsv matrix protein (m) and g glycoprotein (g) was investigated. partial co-localization of m with g was demonstr ... | 2005 | 15958665 |
| mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. | to quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2005 | 15965143 |
| economic impact of community-acquired and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in young children in germany. | data on the economic burden of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children are lacking in germany. the objective of the cost-of-illness study was to estimate the economic impact of community-acquired lrti and nosocomial lrti as well as of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses (piv) and influenza viruses (iv). the economic analysis is part of the pride study, a prospective, multi-centre, population-based epidemiological study on the impact of l ... | 2005 | 15965766 |
| formalin-inactivated bovine rsv vaccine influences antibody levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and disease outcome in experimentally infected calves. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in calves and human infants. in response to outbreaks, formalin inactivated (fi)-rsv vaccines were developed and found to exacerbate disease following a live rsv infection. we have reproduced vaccination induced disease enhancement in calves and screened various antibody isotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from two studies: one with disease enhancement and another where moderate protection resulted from fi-bovine rsv ... | 2005 | 15967545 |
| [the clinical usefulness of a newly rapid diagnosis kit, detection of respiratory syncytial virus]. | immunocard stat! rsv (meridian bioscience, inc, usa) is a rapid immunoassay method newly developed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunochromatography. we carried out an evaluation of the immunocard stat! rsv. one hundred fifty-nine nasal wash samples and nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients were used to evaluate three different kits, which are immunocard stat! rsv, rsv testpack (abbott japan) and directigen ez rsv (nippon becton, dickinson and company) . one hundred twe ... | 2005 | 15977566 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalized for wheezing: virus-specific studies from infancy to preschool years. | to evaluate whether the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early childhood is associated with later asthma, and to evaluate a new diagnostic test for rsv, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), comparing it to the antigen and antibody assays initially used in rsv diagnostics in the present cohort. | 2005 | 15981748 |
| [influenza virus infections in infants aged less than two years old]. | influenza is a major cause of respiratory tract illness in infants. the clinical characteristics of these infections are non-specific and the burden of influenza is frequently underestimated in very young children. the objective of this study was to describe confirmed influenza infections in infants < 2 years attended in a level ii public hospital. a second-rate aim was to compare influenza infections in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (vrs) infection in the same population ... | 2005 | 15989867 |
| genetic variation at the il10 gene locus is associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the intense airway inflammatory response associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be an important determinant in the severity of the disease. interleukin (il)-10 is a key regulatory cytokine known to be secreted during this infection. we investigated the role that il-10 plays in rsv disease by studying the effects that variation in the il10 gene has on the outcome of the disease. eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) spanning the il10 gene were selected, and haploty ... | 2005 | 15838798 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific cd8+ memory t cell responses in elderly persons. | we investigated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cd8(+) memory t cell responses in healthy control participants (n=31) and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) (n=9), with respect to frequency, memory phenotype, and proliferative requirements. | 2005 | 15838799 |
| development of three multiplex rt-pcr assays for the detection of 12 respiratory rna viruses. | three multiplex hemi-nested rt-pcr assays were developed to detect simultaneously 12 rna respiratory viruses: influenza viruses a, b and c, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (piv-1, -2, -3 and -4), human coronavirus oc43 and 229e (hcov) and rhinovirus (hrv). an internal amplification control was included in one of the rt-pcr assays. the rt-pcr multiplex 1 and the hemi-nested multiplex 1 detected 1 and 0.1 tcid50 of rsv a, respec ... | 2005 | 15847919 |
| respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to estimate excess morbidity during periods of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activity. | 2005 | 15855178 |
| the immune response to human metapneumovirus is associated with aberrant immunity and impaired virus clearance in balb/c mice. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), recently identified in isolates from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract illness, is associated with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, and acute bronchiolitis in young children. hmpv has been shown to cocirculate with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and mediate clinical disease features similarly to rsv. little is known regarding the pathophysiology or immune response associated with hmpv infection; thus, animal models are needed ... | 2005 | 15857983 |
| chinchilla and murine models of upper respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. while the primary infection is the most serious, reinfection of the upper airway throughout life is the rule. although relatively little is known about either rsv infection of the upper respiratory tract or host mucosal immunity to rsv, recent literature suggests that rsv is the predominant viral pathogen predisposing to bacterial otitis media (om). herein, we describe mouse and c ... | 2005 | 15857989 |
| biochemical characterization of rous sarcoma virus ma protein interaction with membranes. | the ma domain of retroviral gag proteins mediates association with the host cell membrane during assembly. the biochemical nature of this interaction is not well understood. we have used an in vitro flotation assay to directly measure rous sarcoma virus (rsv) ma-membrane interaction in the absence of host cell factors. the association of purified ma and ma-containing proteins with liposomes of defined composition was electrostatic in nature and depended upon the presence of a biologically releva ... | 2005 | 15858007 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an increasingly recognized cause of illness in adults. data on the epidemiology and clinical effects in community-dwelling elderly persons and high-risk adults can help in assessing the need for vaccine development. | 2005 | 15858184 |
| validation of a pediatric caregiver diary to measure symptoms of postacute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis is often associated with continuing respiratory symptoms following hospitalization. to date, there is no validated objective measure to evaluate symptoms of rsv-induced bronchiolitis. we report on the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the bronchiolitis caregiver diary (bcd) of symptoms and healthcare utilization associated with postacute rsv. the bcd measures four symptoms (daytime cough, wheeze, trouble breathing, and nigh ... | 2005 | 15858804 |
| cytokine amplification by respiratory syncytial virus infection in human nasal epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of upper respiratory infections and is known to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of rhinitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, and pneumonia. rsv appears to prime the respiratory tract to secondary inciting events, such as bacterial or antigen challenges. to study the proinflammatory priming effects of rsv infection, cytokine expression was measured in well-differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (wd-ne) after rsv infection alone or ... | 2005 | 15867636 |
| emergence of rsv-resistance breaking soybean mosaic virus isolates from korean soybean cultivars. | twelve rsv resistance-breaking (rb) isolates of soybean mosaic virus (smv) were obtained from field-grown soybean plants showing mosaic symptoms and subsequently examined biologically and molecularly. all of these rb isolates were identified as smv based on serological and infectivity assays, and the amplification of p1 gene products by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). differential soybean cultivars, lines or accessions lee 68 (rsv), pi 96983, york, marshall, ogden, kwan ... | 2005 | 15869819 |
| respiratory syncytial virus load predicts disease severity in previously healthy infants. | elucidating the relationship between viral load and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity is critical to understanding pathogenesis and predicting the utility of antivirals. | 2005 | 15871119 |
| dynamin forms a src kinase-sensitive complex with cbl and regulates podosomes and osteoclast activity. | podosomes are highly dynamic actin-containing adhesion structures found in osteoclasts, macrophages, and rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed fibroblasts. after integrin engagement, pyk2 recruits src and the adaptor protein cbl, forming a molecular signaling complex that is critical for cell migration, and deletion of any molecule in this complex disrupts podosome ring formation and/or decreases osteoclast migration. dynamin, a gtpase essential for endocytosis, is also involved in actin cytoskel ... | 2005 | 15872089 |
| comparison of a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay and a culture technique for quantitative assessment of viral load in children naturally infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection of children. understanding rsv pathogenesis and evaluating interventions requires quantitative rsv testing. previous studies have used the plaque assay technique. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rtrtpcr) offers possible greater sensitivity, stability after freeze/thaw, and lower cost, thus facilitating multicenter studies. we developed rtrtpcr assays based upon the rsv n and f genes. the n-gene assay d ... | 2005 | 15872266 |
| racemic epinephrine compared to salbutamol in hospitalized young children with bronchiolitis; a randomized controlled clinical trial [isrctn46561076]. | bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infancy, and hospital admission rates appear to be increasing in canada and the united states. inhaled beta agonists offer only modest short-term improvement. trials of racemic epinephrine have shown conflicting results. we sought to determine if administration of racemic epinephrine during hospital stay for bronchiolitis improved respiratory distress, was safe, and shortened length of stay. | 2005 | 15876347 |
| neurotrophin overexpression in lower airways of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | nerve growth factor and its receptors are upregulated in the lungs of weanling rats with lower respiratory tract infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and this is a major mechanism of the inflammatory response against the virus. however, no information is available in humans. | 2005 | 15879412 |
| a throat lozenge containing amyl meta cresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol has a direct virucidal effect on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a and sars-cov. | a potent virucidal mixture containing amyl metacresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol at low ph inactivated enveloped respiratory viruses influenza a, respiratory synctial virus (rsv) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) but not viruses with icosahedral symmetry, such as adenoviruses or rhinoviruses. a titre of approximately 3.5 log10 tcid50 was reduced to below the level of detection within two minutes. electron microscopy of purified influenza a virus showed extensive clumpi ... | 2005 | 15889535 |
| persistence of rhinovirus rna after asthma exacerbation in children. | rhinoviruses (rvs) are believed to cause most asthma exacerbations but their role in the severity of acute asthma and subsequent recovery of airway function is not defined. the importance of atopy in virus-host interactions is also not clear. | 2005 | 15898992 |
| influence of viral infection on the development of nasal hypersensitivity. | the underlying relationship between viral infections and allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract has not been well clarified. | 2005 | 15898993 |
| role for innate ifns in determining respiratory syncytial virus immunopathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of severe lower airway disease in infants and young children, but no safe and effective rsv vaccine is yet available. the difficulties involved in rsv vaccine development were recognized in an early vaccine trial, when children immunized with a formalin-inactivated virus preparation experienced enhanced illness after natural infection. subsequent research in animal models has shown that the vaccine-enhanced disease is mediated at least in part ... | 2005 | 15905569 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human lung endothelial cells enhances selectively intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is worldwide the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants requiring hospitalization. in the present study, we supply evidence that human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary lung aorta endothelial cells, and huvec are target cells for productive rsv infection. all three rsv-infected endothelial cell types showed an enhanced cell surface expression of icam-1 (cd54), which increased in a time- and rsv-dose-dependent manner. by ... | 2005 | 15905583 |
| rehospitalisations for respiratory disease and respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants of 29-36 weeks gestational age. | to evaluate rates of rehospitalisation due to respiratory illness in preterm infants of 29-36 weeks gestation without chronic lung disease. | 2005 | 15907547 |
| ultra-potent antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus: effects of binding kinetics and binding valence on viral neutralization. | we describe here the selection of ultra-potent anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies for preventing rsv infection. a large number of antibody variants derived from synagis (palivizumab), an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody that targets rsv f protein, were generated by a directed evolution approach that allowed convenient manipulation of the binding kinetics. palivizumab variants with about 100-fold slower dissociation rates or with fivefold faster association rates were identified and te ... | 2005 | 15907931 |
| high affinity nucleocapsid protein binding to the mupsi rna packaging signal of rous sarcoma virus. | the genomes of all retroviruses contain sequences near their 5' ends that interact with the nucleocapsid domains (nc) of assembling gag proteins and direct their packaging into virus particles. retroviral packaging signals often occur in non-contiguous segments spanning several hundred nucleotides of the rna genome, confounding structural and mechanistic studies of genome packaging. recently, a relatively short, 82 nucleotide region of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) genome, called mupsi, was shown ... | 2005 | 15907938 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children in the developed world. | there are few comprehensive epidemiological studies of pneumonia in the developed world. ascertainment and definition are important variables in the estimation of pneumonia incidence both in primary care and from hospital data. the available figures suggest a burden of disease in the order of 10-15 cases/1000 children per year and a hospital admission rate of 1-4/1000 per year. both incidence and hospital admission are greatest in the youngest children and rapidly fall after the age of 5 years. ... | 2005 | 15911451 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children: an asian perspective. | pneumonia results in two million deaths each year among children worldwide (20% of all child deaths), 70% of them in africa and south-east asia. most countries in africa and asia record 2-10 times more children with pneumonia (7-40/100 annually) than in the usa. apart from resource constraints and an overburdened health system, there is lack of uniformity in defining pneumonia. most nations employ a who standard case management protocol using age-specific cut-offs for increased respiratory rates ... | 2005 | 15911453 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children: an australian perspective. | the burden of pneumonia in australian children is significant with an incidence of 5-8 per 1000 person-years. pneumonia is a major cause of hospital admission in children less than 5 years of age. indigenous children are at particular risk with a 10-20-fold higher risk of hospitalisation compared to non-indigenous children. they also have longer admissions and are more likely to have multiple admissions with pneumonia. there are limited data on pathogen-specific causes of pneumonia, however stre ... | 2005 | 15911454 |
| antigen-dependent proliferation and cytokine induction in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cotton rats reflect the presence of effector-memory t cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower airway disease in infants and children. immunity to rsv is not long lasting, resulting in re-occurring infections throughout life. effective long-lived immunity results when central-memory t cells that proliferate vigorously and secrete il-2 are present. in contrast, effector-memory t cells that mainly produce ifn-gamma, facilitate virus clearance but are not long lived. to identify the type of memory response induced after rsv-a (long) ... | 2005 | 15914224 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute and chronic airway disease is independent of genetic background: an experimental murine model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading respiratory viral pathogen in young children worldwide. rsv disease is associated with acute airway obstruction (ao), long-term airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), and chronic lung inflammation. using two different mouse strains, this study was designed to determine whether rsv disease patterns are host-dependent. c57bl/6 and balb/c mice were inoculated with rsv and followed for 77 days. rsv loads were measured by plaque assay and polymerase chain r ... | 2005 | 15916706 |
| identification of an h-2d(b)-restricted cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope in the matrix protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play a significant role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in humans and mice. identification of class i mhc-restricted ctl epitopes is critical in elucidating mechanisms of ctl responses against viral infections. however, only four h-2d-restricted epitopes have been reported in mice. because of the diversity of transgenic and knockout mice available to study immune responses, new epitopes in additional strains of mice must be identified ... | 2005 | 15916793 |
| small molecules vp-14637 and jnj-2408068 inhibit respiratory syncytial virus fusion by similar mechanisms. | here we present data on the mechanism of action of vp-14637 and jnj-2408068 (formerly r-170591), two small-molecule inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). both inhibitors exhibited potent antiviral activity with 50% effective concentrations (ec50s) of 1.4 and 2.1 nm, respectively. a similar inhibitory effect was observed in a rsv-mediated cell fusion assay (ec50=5.4 and 0.9 nm, respectively). several drug-resistant rsv variants were selected in vitro in the presence of each compound. a ... | 2005 | 15917547 |
| protein kinases and adherens junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis. | earlier studies in multiple epithelia have shown that cell-cell actin-based adherens junction (aj) dynamics are regulated, at least in part, by the interplay of kinases and phosphatases that determines the intracellular phosphoprotein content. yet it is virtually unknown regarding the role of protein kinases in sertoli-germ cell aj dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. to address this issue, an in vitro coculture system utilizing sertoli and germ cells was used to study the regu ... | 2005 | 15389520 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13. | we have prospectively studied wheezing disorder and allergy in 47 children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy and 93 matched control subjects. subjects with at least three episodes of wheezing were defined as recurrent wheezers and as having asthma if the episodes were doctor verified. here we report the outcome at age 13 years in 46/47 children with rsv and 92/93 control subjects. wheezing disorder and clinical allergy were estimated using a questionnai ... | 2005 | 15516534 |
| the impact of splenectomy on antiviral t cell memory in mice. | the contribution of the spleen to protective antiviral t cell memory was studied using the mouse model of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). virus-specific cd8+ memory t cells were induced by local (intranasal or intracutaneous) or systemic (intravenous) immunization using rsv or vaccinia virus-recombinants expressing an rsv protein. after all three routes of immunization, the spleen was clearly identified as the main anatomic compartment harbouring virus-specific memory t cells. ... | 2005 | 15520043 |
| activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by respiratory syncytial virus results in increased inflammation and delayed apoptosis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects lung epithelial cells. infection by rsv leads to an extended inflammatory response, characterized by the release of interleukin-8 (il-8). activation of erk map kinase is required for both rsv-induced inflammation and the extended survival of infected cells. in this study, we analyzed the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) in rsv activation of erk. we demonstrate for the first time that rsv activates egfr in lung epithelial ... | 2005 | 15542601 |
| impact of human metapneumovirus in childhood: comparison with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. | this study evaluated the overall impact of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in 1,505 children and their households, and compared it with infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza viruses. nasopharyngeal swabs were used at enrollment to collect specimens for the detection of hmpv, rsv, and influenza virus rna by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). hmpv was detected in 42 children (2.8%), rsv in 143 (9.5%; p < 0.0001 vs. hmpv), and influenza viru ... | 2005 | 15543589 |
| cooperativity of actin and microtubule elements during replication of respiratory syncytial virus. | many paramyxoviruses appear to require cytoskeletal elements for particular steps in the virus life cycle. measles virus and sendai virus exhibit a requirement for microtubules in replication in vitro, whereas parainfluenza virus type 3 and rsv require actin for replication. to further elucidate the role of cytoskeletal function and rearrangement in the viral life cycle of rsv, we investigated the efficiency of virus entry, transcription, replication, and budding in the presence of a variety of ... | 2005 | 15582654 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced exaggeration of allergic airway disease is dependent upon ccr1-associated immune responses. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has a significant impact on airway function, and may alter subsequent development of asthma. ccr1 mrna was significantly up-regulated during primary rsv infection in balb/c mice, and was also up-regulated during allergen exposure in sensitized mice. although ccr1(-/-) mice exhibited similar levels of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) as wild-type mice in response to cockroach allergen alone, in animals treated with rsv prior to cockroach antigen ... | 2005 | 15593301 |
| reduced nasal il-10 and enhanced tnfalpha responses during rhinovirus and rsv-induced upper respiratory tract infection in atopic and non-atopic infants. | rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most prevalent inducers of upper respiratory tract infections (urti) in infants and may stimulate immune maturation. to estimate the amount of immune stimulation, nasal immune responses were examined during rhinovirus and rsv-induced urti in infants. nasal brush samples were taken from infants (2-26 months; 57% atopic family) with rhinovirus-induced urti (n=20), with rsv-induced urti (n=7), and with rhinovirus-induced rhinitis (n=11), from ... | 2005 | 15602724 |
| a comparison of epidemiologic and immunologic features of bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | we studied epidemiologic and immunologic factors in infants with bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus. the proportion of these infants who were male and who had an immediate family member with a history of asthma was similar to that of a control group of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. in subjects with influenza virus infection, concentrations of the beta chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha), but not other beta chemokines, in nasopharynge ... | 2005 | 15602730 |
| engineering glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus 1 to function as transporter for secreted proteins: a new protein expression approach. | glycoprotein b (gb) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is essential for bhv-1 replication and is required for membrane fusion processes leading to virus penetration into the target cell and direct spreading of bhv-1 from infected to adjacent noninfected cells. like many of the herpesvirus gb homologs, bhv-1 gb is proteolytically processed by furin, an endoproteinase localized in the trans-golgi network. cleavage by furin is a common mechanism for the activation of a number of viral fusion (f) prote ... | 2005 | 15613307 |
| hospital admission of high risk infants for respiratory syncytial virus infection: implications for palivizumab prophylaxis. | to determine the rates of hospital admission for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among children born at different gestational ages. to assess the theoretical impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on admissions for rsv infection. | 2005 | 15613580 |
| the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 prevents lethal synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae. | an association exists between respiratory viruses and bacterial infections. prevention or treatment of the preceding viral infection is a logical goal for reducing this important cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability of the novel, selective parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 to prevent the synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in this study. a model of secondary bacterial pneumonia after infection with a recombinant se ... | 2005 | 15616320 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with acute respiratory symptoms in a community over three seasons. | to study the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a community, children with acute respiratory symptoms at a pediatric outpatient clinic in niigata, japan, were analyzed over three seasons from november 2001 to july 2004. of 499 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens, 185 (37.1%) were rsv positive, and only 8 (4.5%) of 177 patients were shown by the reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method to be reinfected. rsv infection occurred beginning in the early winter, and the rates dec ... | 2005 | 15634948 |
| induction of mucosal b-cell memory by intranasal immunization of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | the capacity of live or inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce b-cell memory in respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues of mice was examined. eight weeks after primary inoculation with either live or inactivated rsv, adult balb/c mice were challenged with 4x10(5) pfu of rsv. protection from viral shedding and mucosal production of rsv-specific antibodies were examined at various time points after challenge. we found that primary immunization with live, but not inactivated, rsv i ... | 2005 | 15643003 |
| age- and infection-related maturation of the nasal immune response in 0-2-year-old children. | the hygiene hypothesis suggests that exposure to micro-organisms influences development of the immune system in children. | 2005 | 15647045 |
| serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 eight years after an early respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may influence the development of recurrent wheezing and atopy, but the mechanisms are unclear. | 2005 | 15649267 |
| dna vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus in young calves. | a dna vaccine encoding the fusion (f) gene (dna-f) of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) induced significant protection against brsv infection in young calves. however, serum antibody to rsv developed more slowly in animals vaccinated with dna-f when compared with those previously infected with brsv. furthermore, protection against brsv infection was not as great as that induced by prior brsv infection. although there was little difference in the level of protection induced in calves vacc ... | 2005 | 15652666 |
| acute lower respiratory tract infections and respiratory syncytial virus in infants in guinea-bissau: a beneficial effect of bcg vaccination for girls community based case-control study. | among measles unvaccinated infants in guinea-bissau, we tested whether case infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri), especially alri caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were more likely to be bacille calmette guerin (bcg)-unvaccinated and to have no scar after bcg vaccination than were control infants without symptoms of alri. three hundred and eighty-six case infants with alri were identified at a paediatric clinic (n=84), a health centre (n=82), and in a community ... | 2005 | 15652667 |
| 3-nitrotyrosine attenuates respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bronchial epithelial cell line. | 3-nitrotyrosine (no2tyr), an l-tyrosine derivative during nitrative stress, can substitute the cooh-terminal tyrosine of alpha-tubulin, posttranslationally altering microtubular functions. because infection of the cells by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may require intact microtubules, we tested the hypothesis that no2tyr would inhibit rsv infection and intracellular signaling via nitrotyrosination of alpha-tubulin. a human bronchial epithelial cell line (beas-2b) was incubated with rsv with ... | 2005 | 15653711 |
| ym-53403, a unique anti-respiratory syncytial virus agent with a novel mechanism of action. | we performed a large-scale random screening of an in-house chemical library based on the inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced cytopathic effect on hela (human cervical carcinoma) cells, and found a novel and specific anti-rsv agent, 6-{4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl) amino]benzoyl}-n-cyclopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-thieno[3,2-d][1]benzazepine-2-carboxamide (ym-53403). ym-53403 potently inhibited the replication of rsv strains belonging to both a and b subgroups, but not influenza a viru ... | 2005 | 15708639 |
| winter peak of respiratory syncytial virus in islamabad. | a study was carried out on 391 cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia from different paediatric units in rawalpindi/islamabad, pakistan. a clear winter spike of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was noted. it was found that there was a substantial increase of 30-50% in the positivity of rsv from december to february. | 2005 | 15712541 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus -- associated lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants]. | for analysis of clinical features and outcome of hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection, was carried out. cross-sectional study with 89 infants, hospitalized in two public hospitals during the 1997 and 1998 rsv seasons, in rio de janeiro city. nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained and specimens processed for viral antigens detection by indirect immunofluorescence assay with the use of anti rsv, anti-influenza a and b and anti parainfluenza type ... | 2005 | 15717087 |
| a comparison of thermo electron rsv oia to viral culture and direct fluorescent assay testing for respiratory syncytial virus. | rapid diagnostic methods for respiratory syncytial virus are useful tools available for the clinician. | 2005 | 15722027 |
| incidence of respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation. | the objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of infection by respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation, and to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and radiological patterns of viral infections among hospitalized infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) with any kind of acute respiratory failure. seventy-eight preterm infants were studied from november 2000 to september 2002. the newborns were classified into two groups: with viral infectio ... | 2005 | 15729473 |
| differential role for tlr3 in respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young infants worldwide. previous studies have reported that the induction of interleukin-8/cxcl8 and rantes/ccl5 correlates with disease severity in humans. the production of these chemokines is elicited by viral replication and is nf-kappab dependent. rsv, a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus, requires full-length positive-sense rna for synthesis of new viral rna. the aim of our studies was to ... | 2005 | 15731229 |
| the c-terminal half of tsg101 blocks rous sarcoma virus budding and sequesters gag into unique nonendosomal structures. | retroviral late domains (l domains) are short amino acid sequences in the gag protein that facilitate the process of budding. l domains act by recruiting the escrt complexes, which normally function in the formation of multivesicular bodies. the ptap late domain of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is believed to specifically recruit this machinery by binding the escrt protein tsg101. it was recently demonstrated that expression of a c-terminal fragment of tsg101 (tsg-3') blocked the budding of ... | 2005 | 15731271 |
| amino acid variation within the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus subtype a and b strains during annual epidemics in south africa. | recent evidence of positive selection within the cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) epitopes of the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza virus raised the question of whether the ctl epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are also affected by immune driven change over annual epidemics. the fusion protein (f-protein) of rsv is highly conserved within the two subtypes (a and b) and the most important target for the protective response. the position of various neutralizing epitopes has been mapped ... | 2005 | 15744582 |
| seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease: temporal relation to documented influenza and respiratory syncytial viral circulation. | seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has been attributed to winter virus exposure (e.g., influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]). evidence of a direct correlation of invasive pneumococcal disease with laboratory-confirmed virus seasons, however, is limited. using two prospective surveillance networks, the temporal relation between invasive pneumococcal disease and isolation of circulating winter viruses was explored. | 2005 | 15745727 |
| qsar for anti-rna-virus activity, synthesis, and assay of anti-rsv carbonucleosides given a unified representation of spectral moments, quadratic, and topologic indices. | the unified representation of spectral moments, classic topologic indices, quadratic indices, and stochastic molecular descriptors show that all these molecular descriptors lie within the same family. consequently, the same prior probability for a successful quantitative-structure-activity-relationship (qsar) may be expected irrespective of which indices are selected. herein, we used stochastic spectral moments as molecular descriptors to seek a qsar using a database of 221 bioactive compounds p ... | 2005 | 15745816 |
| identification of a recombinant live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate that is highly attenuated in infants. | recombination technology can be used to create live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines that contain combinations of known attenuating mutations. | 2005 | 15747245 |
| mobilization of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells to mucosal sites in children with respiratory syncytial virus and other viral respiratory infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal etiologic agent of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. yet, many aspects of its immunopathogenesis are not well understood. | 2005 | 15747246 |
| analysis of respiratory viral coinfection and cytomegalovirus coisolation in pediatric inpatients. | to determine (1) the rates of single infection and coinfection with 7 respiratory viruses in pediatric inpatients undergoing respiratory viral cultures, (2) the rate of cytomegalovirus (cmv) coisolation in these patients and (3) the relationship between these and length of hospital stay. | 2005 | 15750453 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus positivity in young italian children referred to the emergency departments for lower respiratory tract infection over two consecutive epidemic seasons. | the rate and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections within the same nation may vary from one year to another. | 2005 | 15750755 |
| peptide-based candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | we engineered a 21-mer peptide representing amino acids 170-190 of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein as a fusion with the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein (cp), produced recombinant almv particles presenting this peptide (vmr-rsv) on their surfaces and tested the immunogenicity in vitro in human dendritic cells and in vivo in non-human primates. significant pathogen-specific immune responses were generated in both systems: (i) human dendritic cells armed with vmr-rsv genera ... | 2005 | 15755607 |
| antisense approaches for inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) continues as an emerging infectious disease not only among infants and children, but also for the immune-suppressed, hospitalised and the elderly. to date, ribavirin (virazole, icn pharmaceuticals, inc.) remains the only therapeutic agent approved for the treatment of rsv. however, its clinical benefits are small and occur only in a fraction of rsv-infected patients. the prophylactic administration of palivizumab (synagis, medimmune, inc.) is problematic and cos ... | 2005 | 15757382 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein is phosphorylated via a mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-dependent tyrosine kinase activity during virus infection. | the phosphorylation status of the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was examined in virus-infected vero cells. the sh protein was isolated from [35s]methionine- and [33p]orthophosphate-labelled rsv-infected cells and analysed by sds-page. in each case, a protein product of the expected size for the sh protein was observed. phosphoamino acid analysis and reactivity with the phosphotyrosine specific antibody py20 showed that the sh protein was modified by tyrosine ... | 2005 | 15659757 |
| fever without apparent source on clinical examination. | this review discusses recent literature that has focused on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation and treatment of episodes of acute illnesses associated with fever and also of prolonged episodes of fever in children. | 2005 | 15659971 |
| office pediatrics: current issues in lower respiratory infections in children. | recent estimates indicate that 1.9 million children worldwide die each year from acute respiratory illnesses, many of which are lower respiratory infections (lris). global threats from indoor and outdoor air pollution, urban crowding, biologic weapons, and worldwide rapid transportation complicate our efforts to reduce the impact of lri disease in children. as new strategies are developed to limit the spread of lri disease in children, existing pathogens become more complex to treat and newer pa ... | 2005 | 15659972 |
| studies on in vivo gene transfer in pituitary tumors using herpes-derived and adenoviral vectors. | suicide gene therapy has met limited success for the treatment of rat pituitary tumors. in order to determine the cause of primary pituitary tumor resistance to suicide gene therapy, we studied the transgene expression of an adenoviral (ad.rsv.beta gal.nls) and a herpes simplex virus-derived (tsk/beta-gal) vector, both harboring the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in rat prolactinomas. rats carrying experimental prolactinomas received bilateral 1 microl intrapituitary injections of either salin ... | 2005 | 15680541 |
| the immunomodulating properties of human respiratory syncytial virus and immunostimulating complexes containing quillaja saponin components qh-a, qh-c and iscoprep703. | a successful vaccine against human rsv (hrsv) is likely to induce a th1 or a balanced th1/th2 cytokine response. we tested a panel of hrsv immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) containing different quillaja saponin fractions (qh-a, qh-c, and 703: a mixture of 70% qh-a and 30% qh-c) with different immunological properties for their capacity of inducing innate and acquired immune responses. the hrsv 703 iscoms induced the strongest innate and acquired immune responses, followed by rsv qh-c and qh-a ... | 2005 | 15681158 |
| role of ccl11 in eosinophilic lung disease during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen of infants and the elderly. significant morbidity is caused by an overexuberant mixed lung cell infiltrate, which is thought to be driven by chemokines. one of the main chemotactic mediators responsible for the movement of eosinophils is ccl11 (eotaxin). using a mouse model of eosinophilic bronchiolitis induced by rsv, we show here that treatment in vivo with a blocking antibody to ccl11 greatly reduces lung eosinophilia and disease sev ... | 2005 | 15681407 |
| antiviral activity and molecular mechanism of an orally active respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor. | bms-433771 is an orally bioavailable respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitor, functioning through inhibition of viral f protein-induced membrane fusion. the compound is active against both a and b groups of rsv, with an average ec(50) of 20 nm. bms-433771 is also efficacious against rsv infection in two rodent models when dosed orally prior to infection. the compound possesses good pharmacokinetic properties, while maintaining a favourable toxicity profile. consequently, bms-433771 is well s ... | 2005 | 15681582 |
| cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit rsv-enhanced allergic sensitisation in guinea pigs. | experimental respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of guinea pigs is associated with enhanced allergic sensitisation to inhaled ovalbumin (oa) and low-level viral persistence in the lungs. based on the t-helper (th)1/th2 paradigm, in which a th2 shift is characteristic of an allergic response and less effective anti-viral immunity, the effects of immunotherapy with synthetic cytosine phosphate-guanine-oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn), which are potent th1 stimuli, on oa sensitisation with a ... | 2005 | 15684294 |
| development, implementation, and evaluation of a community- and hospital-based respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis program. | to implement and deliver a respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis (rsvp) program in response to the canadian pediatric society recommendations. | 2005 | 15685161 |
| family teaching toolbox. preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2005 | 15685162 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus: old challenges and new approaches. | better therapies and prevention strategies are needed to decrease the burden of acute rsv disease in all age populations worldwide. furthermore, we can hypothesize that those improved measures also would likely have an effect on the chronic consequences of rsv infection in children and will reduce the incidence of recurrent wheezing and persistent pulmonary function abnormalities caused by rsv lris. | 2005 | 15693217 |
| an immunocompromised balb/c mouse model for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants and children, which can be fatal, especially in immunocompromised patients. the balb/c mouse, currently used as a model for studying rsv immunopathology, is semi-permissive to the virus. a mouse model that more closely mimics human rsv infection is needed. since immunocompromised conditions increase risk of rsv infection, the possibility of enhancing rsv infection in the balb/c mouse by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide ... | 2005 | 15701174 |
| relationship between atopic status and nasal interleukin 10 and 11 levels in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | interleukin 10 (il-10) and il-11 are known to have anti-inflammatory activities, and they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2005 | 15765744 |
| in vivo selection of respiratory syncytial viruses resistant to palivizumab. | palivizumab (pz) is the only monoclonal antibody currently available for use in humans against an infectious disease. pz is administered prophylactically for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. rsv selected in cell culture for growth in the presence of pz develops f gene mutations and can be resistant to pz prophylaxis in cotton rats. here, we evaluated the potential for pz-resistant rsv mutants to arise in vivo. cotton rats were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, administered pz, ... | 2005 | 15767398 |
| modulation of protective immunity, eosinophilia, and cytokine responses by selective mutagenesis of a recombinant g protein vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | using an escherichia coli-grown plasmid vector encoding a fragment of thioredoxin (trx) fused to a central region (amino acids 128 to 229) of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (long strain) g protein, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the importance of selected amino acids to vaccine efficacy. mice were immunized with a total of 10 wild-type or mutant trx-g proteins and challenged intranasally with rsv. striking differences in the induction of rsv g-protein-specific antibo ... | 2005 | 15767454 |
| overview of bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus rsv, a nonsegmented, single stranded ribonucleic acid virus, infects one-half of all infants within the first year of life. respiratory syncytial virus possesses pathogenetic qualities that may be attributed to the interplay of viral and host-specific factors including virus strains of different virulence, size of the inoculum, family history of asthma or airway hyper-reactivity and immunologic anomalies of the host. inflammatory cell recruitment and activation occur ... | 2005 | 15770289 |
| neutrophil-mediated inflammation in respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | the involvement of neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. however, no measurable marker is sensitive enough to assess neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the airways. released neutrophil elastase (ne) in intraluminal airways has been reported to induce pulmonary inflammation. the aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of urinary trypsin inhibitor (uti) in serum, a degenerate induced by ne, ... | 2005 | 15771699 |