Publications

molecular vaccines against parasites.	prophylactic vaccines can be expected to be one of the major practical outputs of parasitology research. various groups within australia have pursued the vaccine objective for several years, with particular emphasis on blood-stage falciparum malaria in man, intestinal helminths of sheep and cattle, cutaneous myiasis (blowfly strike) in sheep, cysticercosis in sheep and cattle, bovine babesiosis, and cattle ticks. other vaccine programmes are concerned with giardiasis, filariasis, toxoplasmosis, ...	1986	15462818
scanning electron microscopy of digest cells in the midgut epithelium of boophilus microplus.	scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of microvilli on the digest cells, but more importantly, it showed that the gut could be everted to expose the lumen surface of the cells to molecular analysis. x-ray microanalysis demonstrated the presence of iron and sulphur in the haematin granules within spent digest cells, confirming that these granules are end products of blood digestion in adult ticks.	1986	3451868
differentiation of boophilus decoloratus and boophilus microplus.		1986	3572961
assortative mating between boophilus decoloratus and boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae).		1986	3735355
scanning electron microscopic observations on the surface structure of the tick boophilus microplus(canestrini, 1887) female specimens.	boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) female specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy for the observation of surface fine structures. morphological characteristics observed were summarized as follows: the palpi were wider than long, and compressed, ridged dorsally and laterally. there were usually four pairs of ventro-internal setae on the articles. the hypostome dentition was usually 4/4 but occasionally 5/5. the basis capituli were hexagonal dorsally and the porose area was di ...	1985	12888676
sampling efficiency of three dragging techniques for the collection of nonparasitic boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) larvae in puerto rico.		1985	4008746
observations on the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of cattle ticks in zambia.	the efficacy of multiple subcutaneous injections (200 micrograms/kg) of ivermectin in the control of naturally occurring tick infestations on traditionally managed tonga-iia (sanga type) calves and yearlings was assessed in two field trials. in the first trial boophilus decoloratus infestations were decreased following treatments at monthly intervals. in the second trial, with weekly and two weekly treatment intervals, infestations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus were controlled less effectively ...	1985	3841240
the effect of babesia bigemina infections caused by cattle ticks on nigerian economy.		1985	3841960
cross-reaction of tick salivary antigens in the boophilus microplus-cattle system.	calves were immunized with boophilus microplus saliva, filtered through millipore membranes, in freund's complete adjuvant. serum samples were tested by passive hemagglutination against babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale, b. microplus larvae extract, stomoxys calcitrans extract and b. microplus saliva. after immunization, titers to saliva, larval tick-extract and to s. calcitrans were increased. the challenge with live tick larvae enhanced the formation of antibodies against larva extract, fl ...	1985	3992881
digestion in the cattle-tick boophilus microplus: light microscope study of the gut cells in nymphs and females.		1985	3997347
field efficacy of ear tags impregnated with insecticide against the cattle tick boophilus microplus.		1985	4004653
borrelia theileri: isolation from ticks (boophilus microplus) and tick-borne transmission between splenectomized calves.	the bovine spirochete, borrelia theileri, was detected in giemsastained blood smears from a splenectomized calf 17 days after exposure to a laboratory colony of the tropical cattle tick, boophilus microplus. spirochetes were detected in the hemolymph and ovary of all engorged female ticks examined, indicating a high infection rate in this tick colony. spirochetes were detected in a 2nd splenectomized calf 15 days after exposure to the larval offspring of ticks from the 1st calf. the only observa ...	1985	4026019
ixodes (ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (acari: ixodoidea: ixodidae), a south american cattle tick long confused with ixodes ricinus.		1985	4045937
changes in cattle tick control practices in south eastern queensland from 1977 to 1982.	results of a survey of cattle producers in south eastern queensland in 1982 concerning cattle tick control have been compared with those of a similar survey carried out in 1977-78. during the interval between these surveys the proportion of beef farms with tick resistant (bos indicus infusion) cattle as the main breed had increased from 47.8% to 60.0%. chemical control methods had improved but many producers were continuing to treat their cattle more often than necessary. over the period there w ...	1985	4051912
relationship between the resistance of cattle to haemaphysalis longicornis and to boophilus microplus.	cattle that had been exposed to haemaphysalis longicornis were as susceptible to boophilus microplus as cattle that had never been exposed to either species of tick. cattle with acquired resistance to both species ranked consistently for levels of resistance to each when infested separately. concurrent infestation with h. longicornis had no effect on ranking for resistance to b. microplus. the coefficient of concordance between the rankings of individuals on their levels of resistance to both sp ...	1985	4074218
ticks on livestock in st. lucia.	cattle, sheep, goats and horses were examined for ticks. over 95% of holstein cross-breeds, 28% of sheep (local mixed breeds) and 18% of goats (local mixed breeds) examined from 18 august to 4 september 1983 were infested with the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus canestrini. about 90 and 17% of the horses examined were infested with the tropical horse tick, anocentor nitens neumann, and the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum fabricius, respectively. the tropical bont tick was foun ...	1985	4090245
the detection of igm and igg antibodies against babesia bigemina in bovine sera using semi-defined antigens in enzyme immunoassays.	soluble extracts prepared from babesia bigemina merozoites were tested for antigenicity in class-specific enzyme immunoassays currently being evaluated for the differential serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis. intact merozoites were harvested from erythrocytes from an experimentally-infected calf by controlled hypotonic lysis and differential ultra-centrifugation. the merozoites were disrupted by ultrasonication and a crude soluble extract obtained by ultracentrifugation. fractionation of the cru ...	1985	2413610
immune responses of calves antigenically stimulated and challenge exposed with anaplasma marginale during tick infestation or treatment with dexamethasone.	similar anamnestic antibody responses to a 2nd injection of a anaplasma marginale vaccinal antigen were observed in calves infested with the tick dermacentor albipictus and in tick-free calves. when challenge exposure of these calves to virulent a marginale was done, infestation with the tick boophilus microplus increased anemia (p less than 0.01), but did not suppress antibody production to a marginale or increase parasitemia. none of the vaccinated calves, regardless of infestation, experience ...	1984	6711969
control of boophilus ticks on heifers with two pyrethroids applied as sprays.	the pyrethroid permethrin (25% cis to 75% trans) was sprayed on hereford heifers infested with all parasitic stages of boophilus microplus (canestrini) at 0.05% and 0.1% active ingredient. at 0.05%, control was 66.7%; whereas at 0.1%, control was 93.3%. replete females were collected daily for 28 days after treatment at both concentrations, indicating that at least some ticks treated as larvae or nymphs were able to reach repletion. the pyrethroid fenvalerate was sprayed on hereford heifers infe ...	1984	6732004
[seasonal dynamics in the development of boophilus microplus and amblyomma cajennense in camagüey, cuba].	studies were carried out on the occurrence of the ixodic ticks in farm animals in the province of camagüey, cuba. most spread proved to be the boophilus microplus and amblyomma cajennense species. as many as three waves of parasitic activity were seen with b. microplus: at the end of the winter season, in the months of may and june, and in the autumn (october and november). only one wave was there with the activity of a. cajennense, covering the period of march-september.	1984	6740935
tick resistance and the major histocompatibility system.	199 3/4 brahman 1/4 shorthorn cattle, whose resistance to the cattle tick boophilus microplus had been determined by clinical trial, were tested for 19 bovine lymphocyte antigens. of eleven antigens detected at a frequency greater than 5%, two were found to be associated with tick resistance and a third was associated with susceptibility to ticks. however, none of these antigens accounts for more than 2.1% of the variance, indicating that these associations are not strong.	1984	6743140
bovine leukosis virus infectivity in boophilus microplus ticks.		1984	6095512
dna polymorphisms and subpopulations in babesia bovis.	independent isolates of babesia bovis differ by only a limited number of polypeptides, some of which may be important as host protective antigens. avirulent derivatives of these parasites also differ from their virulent counterparts in only a few polypeptides. to identify genes encoding such polypeptides we have isolated cdna clones corresponding to poly(a)+ rnas that are expressed only in certain isolates. for this purpose a cdna clone library was constructed from poly(a)+ rna of the k-avirulen ...	1984	6205269
the role of specific immunoglobulins in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays during babesia bovis infection.	a stabilate prepared from babesia bovis-infected boophilus microplus ticks was used to infect intact adult cattle. whole sera and immunoglobulin fractions from representative sera were tested by complement fixation (cf), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) assays. the last test utilized 51cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes coated with babesia bovis antigen as targets. mononuclear cell preparations, obtained from peripheral blood of normal do ...	1984	6369760
the effect of chemotherapy on babesia bigemina in the tick vector boophilus microplus.		1984	6469445
ultrastructure of the accessory glands of gene's organ in the cattle tick, boophilus.	the organization and ultrastructure of the accessory glands of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, are described. the glands consist of two groups of acinar cells situated on either side of gene's organ. a single acinus consists of from eight to 12 cells and each cell is connected via an individual duct to pores on the dorsal surface of the mouthparts. the position of these pores is such that the secretion of the accessory glands is incorporated into the egg wax during oviposition. each gland ...	1984	6484940
boophilus microplus tick burdens on grazing cattle in colombia.	this study was conducted at carimagua research centre in a well-drained savanna area in the eastern plains of colombia. the objectives were to note the effect of ecological factors on tick burdens, principally the effect of the environment given by four grasses on the seasonal variations of tick populations. adult female tick counts were carried out on heifers grazing four pastures and tick larvae on the grass detected by cloth dragging. tick counts were significantly higher on animals grazing b ...	1984	6485100
tick-borne rickettsioses in pune district, maharashtra, india.	an extensive study on tick-borne rickettsioses in the pune district of maharashtra revealed that indian tick typhus exists as a zoonosis, which only occasionally causes disease in man. by sero-conversion in guinea pigs, presumptive isolates of rickettsia conori and coxiella burnetii were recovered from 4 of the 11 species of ticks examined. boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus haemaphysalis were found to be harbouring r. conori whereas c. burnetii was isolated from haemaphysalis intermedia and ...	1984	6500861
studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. xi. observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood.	some aspects of the biology of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears. compared with ticks detached from cattle, duiker ticks produced a greater number of eggs. the lengths and breadths of eggs produced by duiker ticks were greater than those of cattle ticks and unlike a. v ...	1984	6538723
decreased resistance of bos taurus cattle on a diet supplemented with whole cotton seed to the tick boophilus microplus (canestrini).	resistance to the tick b. microplus was compared in bos taurus steers fed hay (low fat (lf) diet) with those fed hay supplemented with whole cotton seeds (high fat (cs) diet) which made them hyperlipidaemic. the mean number of adult female ticks maturing from the same artificial doses of larvae was about 2.7 times higher on animals fed the cs diet than on animals fed the lf diet. in both dietary groups the effect of ticks: depressed packed-cell volume, plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels, ...	1984	6548592
theileria orientalis, a blood parasite of cattle. first report in new zealand.	a theileria sp. piroplasm has been found in cattle from 10 northland herds. transmission studies, involving two splenectomized calves, led to its identification as t. orientalis, which has not been previously found in new zealand. this piroplasm is relatively benign hut can cause severe anaemia in heavily parasitized animals. the cattle tick haemaphysalis longicornis is considered to be the likely vector.	1984	16031086
pharmacology of the octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of the locust and tick cns.	the presence of an octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase is shown in homogenates of the cerebral ganglion of the locust schistocerca americana gregaria and the synganglion of the tick boophilus microplus. a detailed study of the pharmacology of the activation of the enzyme of the two species is reported and compared with the pharmacology of octopamine receptors in other invertebrate preparations.	1984	6146464
the efficacy of the drummond adult test on boophilus microplus females (acarina: ixodidae) subjected to various periods of cold storage prior to organophosphate testing.	engorged females of boophilus microplus, stored at 4 degrees c for up to 5 days, and females, kept at room temperature for 1 day and then at 4 degrees c for 1 day, showed no significant differences in their response to an organophosphate as determined by the drummond adult test.	1983	6646662
ultrastructural identification of neurohaemal sites in a tick: evidence that the dorsal complex may be a true endocrine gland.	a fine structural study has been made of the 'paraganglionic plates' associated with the perineurium and of the 'retrocerebral organ' associated with the periganglionic sheath of the tick boophilus microplus; these structures have been postulated, from descriptions by light microscopy, to be tick neurohaemal organs. neurosecretory terminals are observed frequently in the neural lamella/perineurial sheath, particularly in a dorso-lateral area which may correspond to the 'paraganglionic plates'. n ...	1983	6192546
babesia bovis: proteins of virulent and avirulent parasites passaged through ticks and splenectomized or intact calves.	passage of the avirulent vaccine (k) strain of babesia bovis (ka) through either boophilus microplus ticks, intact calves, or intact calves and then ticks, resulted in two distinct protein and protein antigen profiles as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labeled proteins and immunoprecipitates. different degrees of expression of two major acidic antigens of ka designated ka1 (mr 47,500) and ka2 (mr 43,000) were observed. ka1 was apparently lost following passage ...	1983	6617805
application of trans and cis isomers of p-nitrophenyl-(1r, s)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate to the assay of pyrethroid-hydrolyzing esterases.	a continuous-rate assay for the detection of esterases which hydrolyze synthetic pyrethroids is described. the assay is based on the release of p-nitrophenolate ion upon hydrolysis of the pyrethroid-like compound, trans- or cis-p-nitrophenyl-(1r,s)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, at ph 7.4 where spontaneous hydrolysis is not detected. the reagent is solubilized by 0.02% triton x-100 in the presence of 1.0% ethanol. a simple procedure for the synthesis and separation o ...	1983	6625152
observations on body temperature of the host and resistance to the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae).		1983	6644752
binding of antigens to tissues: the example of boophilus microplus and bovine skin.		1983	6654584
some helminth and arthropod parasites of the grey duiker, sylvicapra grimmia.	sixteen grey duikers were culled on the farm riekert 's laager in the central transvaal at irregular intervals from may 1979-march 1981. one trematode species, 3 cestode species and 16 nematode species were recovered from these animals. of these the following are new helminth records for this antelope: cooperia hungi , cooperia neitzi , cooperia pectinata , trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus falculatus , trichostrongylus instabilis , impalaia tuberculata , ne ...	1983	6676685
trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from the tick, boophilus microplus.	the eggs of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, contain at least two proteolytic enzyme inhibitors which have been purified and partially characterized. one of these is closely related to an inhibitor from larval ticks previously purified. it is similar in general properties, in amino acid composition and it cross-reacts immunologically with the larval protein. the egg and larval proteins are, however, largely or completely stage-specific. the significance of this to the study of the host-para ...	1983	6683962
observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with boophilus microplus.	two groups of normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with boophilus microplus. all of the calves became infected with anaplasma marginale. despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement-fixing antibody response, between ...	1983	6685402
the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections.	pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ...	1983	6686384
failure of boophilus microplus to transmit irradiated babesia bovis.		1983	6836174
the economics of cattle tick control in dry tropical australia.	the economics of strategic dipping compared to nil treatment of cattle ticks (boophilus microplus) on droughtmaster cattle was assessed using a partial budget analysis. the analysis was based on reported experimental data which showed a bodyweight gain advantage from strategic dipping of 45 kg/head for growing cattle and 35 kg/head for breeding cows. costs of dipping were calculated using 3 acaricide costs, that is 5.9, 20.9 and 62.7 per head and allowances were made for mustering, maintenance o ...	1983	6838436
the efficacy of some acaricides against screw-worm fly larvae.	thirteen acaricides used for control of cattle tick in queensland were evaluated for their potential in the chemical control of the screw-worm fly, chrysomya bezziana. laboratory evaluations and in vivo tests using artificially infested cattle were made in papua new guinea. most of the acaricides caused some mortality of screw-worm larvae in infested cattle and in laboratory tests. acaricides of the organophosphorous, carbamate and organophosphorous/synthetic pyrethroid groups showed reasonable ...	1983	6838439
ultrastructure of babesia bovis sexual stages as observed in boophilus microplus cell cultures.	propagation of babesia bovis in a boophilus microplus cell line resulted in the appearance of the sexual stage of the parasite normally found only within tick intestine. these sexual stages, which possessed spike-like projections containing microtubules, were present in the medium and within cultured cells. other ultrastructural characteristics of this sexual stage are described.	1983	6857000
comparison of cutaneous hyperemia in cattle elicited by larvae of boophilus microplus and by prostaglandins and other mediators.	blood flow has been measured in bovine skin following the injection of tick antigens and a number of pharmacological mediators; including histamine, prostaglandins and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. the greatest increase in blood flow (20 times normal) was recorded with tick antigens and with prostaglandin f2. this mediator may therefore influence blood flow during immune reactions to ticks and during the rapid ingestion of blood by the ticks.	1983	6861956
epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. i. babesiosis.	a survey on the incidence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in one to three year old calves at 274 localities in zimbabwe revealed that b. bigemina occurred throughout the country together with its main vector, boophilus decoloratus. the distribution of b. bovis followed closely that of its vector boophilus microplus which is limited to the eastern part of the country. enzootic stability for b. bigemina was recorded in most of the communal tribal areas where regular dipping of ...	1983	6868134
babesia bovis: computer simulation of the relationship between the tick vector, parasite, and bovine host.	components contributing to the survival of babesia bovis in its tick vector (boophilus microplus) and bovine host were identified and their relationship simulated with an interactive basic computer program. estimates for major independent variables (host-finding success, feeding success, filial infection rate, recovery rate) were derived from published laboratory and field data. values for dependent variables (tick burden, inoculation rate, tick and bovine infection rates) were calculated during ...	1983	6873224
the bovine immune response to tick-derived babesia bovis infection: serological studies of isolated immunoglobulins.	a cryopreserved stabilate was prepared from babesia bovis-infected boophilus microplus ticks. the stabilate was used to infect a group of mature bos taurus-bos indicus cows. the survivors of the initial infection were rechallenged with the homologous stabilate 65 days later. all cows reacted parasitologically after primary challenge, and most responded serologically. with the exception of two cows, those not responding serologically died of acute babesiosis. the two that survived the primary cha ...	1982	6761951
causal agents of bovine theileriosis in southern africa.	one pathogenic and 4 mild bovine theileria strains from southern africa, all transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus, were compared amongst themselves as well as to bovine and buffalo strains of the t. parva complex from eastern and southern africa and to bovine strains of t. taurotragi from tanzania considered to be derived from eland antelope. criteria used were parasitological, clinical, serological and cross-immunity characters. the mild strains are similar to bovine t. taurotragi. serol ...	1982	6812250
epidemiology and transmission of theileria sp of cattle in australia.	theileria sp occurs in cattle in australia where boophilus microplus is not present. two species of ixodid ticks namely haemaphysalis longicornis and h. bancrofti have been implicated as natural vectors. experimental transmission was obtained with these two species but attempts to transmit the infection with b. microplus, ixodes holocyclus and amblyomma triguttatum were not successful. although calves born in the enzootic area may become infected before one-month-old most show evidence of infect ...	1982	6818938
tropical legumes of the genus stylosanthes immobilize and kill cattle ticks.		1982	7057894
infectivity for cattle of anaplasma marginale extracted from boophilus microplus ticks exposed to certain temperatures.		1982	7082225
breeding for resistance to boophilus microplus in australian illawarra shorthorn and brahman x australian illawarra shorthorn cattle.	breeding for resistance to the cattle tick boophilus microplus was undertaken in a herd of australian illawarra shorthorn (ais) cattle from 1961 to 1978 and in a herd of braham x ais cattle from 1970 to 1979. breeder cows and their progeny were assessed for tick resistance during october to january. resistance levels were determined as the average percentage mortality of female ticks from two artificial infestations with cohorts of c 20,000 larvae. resistance increased from 89.2% to 99% in the a ...	1982	7082236
anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador.	a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ...	1982	7101466
some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in boophilus microplus larvae.		1982	7118375
biological comparisons between a laboratory-maintained and a recently isolated field strain of boophilus microplus.	biological differences between two strains of boophilus microplus were examined. the a-strain of ticks had been maintained at the laboratory for many years and the n-strain was recently isolated, being a composite strain derived from ticks from different sources in the field. in three experiments, up to three times as many n-strain ticks grew to maturity than did a-strain ticks, although a-strain ticks matured earlier. n-strain ticks were 17 to 60% heavier, and laid 50 to 100% more eggs than a-s ...	1982	7119993
prevalence of cattle ticks in morocco.	during july 1980 the prevalence of cattle ticks was studied in 4 bioclimatic regions of morocco. all the 24 farms examined were infested. the mean number of ticks per animal varied from 6.5 to 36.3 in different regions. eight species of ticks were identified: hyalomma marginatum, h. detritum, h. lusitanicum, h. anatolicum, boophilus annulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. turanicus, r. bursa. numerically h. detritum (30.8%) h. marginatum (25.5%) and b. annulatus (29.2%) were most important. the ...	1982	7123663
cyhalothrin--a novel acaricidal and insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid for the control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua).	cyhalothrin, a novel synthetic pyrethroid, was evaluated for control of the major resistant strains of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and for control of the buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua) on cattle. in regulated treatment trials with 0.007% cyhalothrin, greater than 99% control of the biarra, mackay, mt alford, ddt resistant and ulam cattle tick strains was obtained. protective-period trials were conducted in which animals which had been sprayed with 0.007% cyhalothrin then rece ...	1982	7165598
inheritance of resistance to chlorpyrifos in the mt alford strain and to diazinon in the gracemere strain of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus).	reciprocal crossing of the mt alford (a) strain of the cattle tick b. microplus with a susceptible (s) strain and phenotype analysis of f1, testcross and f2 progeny showed that high chlorpyrifos resistance in strain a was due to two genes that were complementary and jointly exhibited incomplete dominance. diazinon resistance in the gracemere (g) strain appeared to be similarly inherited. the 'average' degree of dominance ('average dominance', dav) of high chlorpyrifos resistance over susceptibil ...	1982	6186234
anaemia and deaths in red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns associated with heavy infestations of cattle tick (haemaphysalis longicornis).	in late december/early january 1979/80, deaths occurred in 30 red deer (cervus elaphus) fawns. evidence is presented to suggest that these deaths most likely resulted from heavy infestations of ticks (haemaphysalis longicornis).	1982	16030894
transmission of babesia bovis, using undifferentiated embryonic cells from boophilus microplus tick eggs.		1981	7196719
a putative role for eosinophils in tick rejection.	in the reaction of bos taurus cattle to infestation by the tick boophilus microplus, mast cell histamine is translocated by the eosinophils to the attachment site. the concentration pattern of this cutaneous mediator for pain appears related to the grooming behaviour of the host.	1981	7202667
reduction in pathogenicity of babesia bovis for its tick vector, boophilus microplus, after rapid blood passage in splenectomized calves.	two strains of babesia bovis that had been serially blood passaged in splenectomized calves 27 to 33 times, a procedure known to have reduced their virulence for normal cattle, were shown to have low pathogenicity for replete, female boophilus microplus. in comparison with a strain of b. bovis unmodified by repeated blood passage, the two modified strains infected higher proportions of ticks and produced comparable numbers of morphologically similar parasites in their haemolymph, but killed sign ...	1981	7222925
metabolic changes in cattle due to the specific effect of the tick, boophilus microplus.	1. an experiment was designed to provide information on the alterations in body metabolism which would account for the loss of body-weight in cattle due to the specific effect (factors other than reduced food intake) of the tick boophilus microplus. 2. two groups of british (shorthorn x hereford) and africander x british calves, each approximately months olds, were used: one group (treated) of each breed was tick-infested and the other (control) was tick-free. within breeds, calves in the contro ...	1981	7236581
ultrastructural evidence for the endocrine nature of the lateral organs of the cattle tick boophilus microplus.	the lateral organs of the tick boophilus microplus were previously thought to have a neurohaemal function, but the present study shows that they consist of glandular cells which contain a rich system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) and golgi but no indication of neurosecretory production or release. there is acid phosphatase activity throughout the ser as well as in golgi and a major function of the latter may be the production of lysosomal enzymes. it is suggested that the organs are endo ...	1981	7324027
the transmission of babesia bovis in herds of european and zebu x european cattle infested with the tick, boophilus microplus.	transmission of babesia bovis by the tick boophilus microplus was studied in 4 breeding herds of european and zebu x european cattle under different levels of tick infestation. the observations consisted of weekly counts of female ticks on the cattle, monthly serological tests for antibodies to b. bovis, examination of tick larvae from the pasture to determine b. bovis infection rates and comparison of the suitability of paddocks for tick reproduction. the rate of transmission (inoculation rate) ...	1981	7337597
increased numbers of strahlenkörper in boophilus microplus ticks ingesting a blood-passaged strain of babesia bigemina.	observations were made on the morphology and infectivity of babesia bigemina parasites in the gut of boophilus microplus ticks. the babesia parasites were derived from stabilates of a laboratory strain, prepared at intervals during several years of blood-passaging in cattle. increased numbers of a particular developmental stage of the parasite, considered to be a type of strahlenkörper, were observed in ticks ingesting parasites derived from the latter stages of passaging. the presence of large ...	1981	7342228
a survey for resistance in cattle ticks to acaricides.	a survey was made from late 1976 to late 1977 to determine the extent of resistance to acaricides in the cattle tick boophilus microplus in queensland. questionnaires and requests for samples of ticks were forwarded to more than 900 randomly selected stock owners in the tick infested area which had been divided into 4 regions. far north, coastal north, coastal cental and south east. the response measured by the number of tick samples tested was 43%. the prevalence of resistance to organophosphor ...	1981	7342942
evaluation of the potential of systemic slow release chemical treatments for control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) using ivermectin.	stall and field trials with cattle infested with various acaricide-resistant strains of cattle tick, have demonstrated the potential of ivermectin as a systemic tickicide. a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg, administered subcutaneously to animals naturally infested in the field, gave satisfactory tick control for 21 days, after an initial lag period of 2 days immediately following treatment, during which significant numbers of ticks survived. daily subcutaneous treatments, administered so as to simul ...	1981	7044363
mammalian wildlife diseases as hazards to man and livestock in an area of the llanos orientales of colombia.	development of the llanos orientales of colombia, and access to underdeveloped areas in the llanos, may create disease hazards to man and domestic animals or introduce exotic pathogens, creating reservoirs of infection for domestic animals and acting as limiting factors on the native wild species. a survey of wild animals common to the llanos revealed a number of parasites indigenous to the area. a total total of 59 mammalian species, representing eight orders were examined. haematozoa were repr ...	1981	6788961
arteriovenous anastomoses in the dermal vasculature of the skin of bos taurus cattle, and their relationship with resistance to the tick, boophilus microplus.	bos taurus cattle with high resistance to the tick boophilus microplus, whether free-grazing or in covered pens, had significantly more arteriovenous anastomoses (ava) in their skin than did animals of low resistance. these differences in number of ava associated with resistance level were most marked above the level of the sebaceous gland in the neck region, an area favoured for tick feeding. in this skin layer, the number of ava in low-resistance animals (4.0 plus or minus 0.4 per 2.1 mm) was ...	1981	7259631
cutaneous hyperaemia elicited by larvae of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus.	the responses of skin capillary blood flow (bf) to infestation by larvae of b. microplus have been determined using radioactive microspheres. larvae were placed in gauze-covered rings glued to the closely clipped skin. in pilot experiments on three brahman-cross calves which had prior exposure to ticks, bf measurements at intervals up to 25 h post-infestation revealed a continuing increase. 'high' rates of infestation (5000 larvae per ring) elicited up to an 80-fold increase in bf. in four austr ...	1981	7259632
partial characterization of a unique female diploid cell strain from the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae).		1981	7288834
susceptibility of brazilian samples of boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides.	this paper describes the susceptibility of various samples of boophilus microplus from the southern region of minas gerais state in brazil to the 4 commonest organophosphorus acaricides employed in the area. all samples showed some degree of resistance to each of the compounds used. the resistance factor varied from 1.42 to 132.90, being less in the case of dicrotophos fenthion than with chlorpyrifos and coumaphos.	1980	6154364
[preliminary note on the appearance of resistance to ethion in several strains of boophilus microplus in new caledonia].		1980	7232805
control of the southern cattle tick with insecticide-impregnated ear tags.		1980	7264045
[seasonal variations in the parasitic activity of the cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari, ixodidae), in new caledonia].		1980	7291655
cattle tick infestation.		1980	6931334
[ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the pellicle and apical complexes of the kinete of babesia bigemina and babesia ovis in the hemolymph and oavry of the tick].	the term kinete is used in this paper for the cigar-shaped, motile development stages (vermicule") of babesia occurring intra- and extracellularly in hemolymph and overy (including oocytes) of vectors, hard ticks (ixodoidea). the structure of, and cytochemical activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) in the pellicle and the apical complex was studied at the fine-structural level in kinetes of babesia bigemina smith & kilborne, in hemolympho of female boophilus microplus ...	1980	7373571
boophilus microplus: the effect of histamine on the attachment of cattle-tick larvae--studies in vivo and in vitro.	circumstantial evidence suggests that the earlier detachment of boophilus microplus larvae from highly resistant cattle follows the release of histamine at the attachment site. in vivo and in vitro experiments show that a proportion of the larvae will detach following injection or infusion of histamine. other mediators such as bradykinin, prostaglandin e2, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine have little or no effect on tick behaviour in vivo. sensitivity to histamine declines as larval attachments ...	1980	7393620
the effect of locality, breed and previous tick experience on seasonal changes in the resistance of cattle to boophilus microplus (ixodoidea: ixodidae).	a seasonal cycle in the expression of resistance to the tick boophilus microplus occurs in cattle in central and southeastern queensland, australia. this is due to a seasonal fluctuation in the capacity of cattle to mount an effective immune response against the parasitic tick and is manifest as a waning of the expression of resistance in autumn and early winter which occurs irrespective of breed or the nutritional state of the cattle.	1980	7418795
bovine babesiosis in northern mexico.	the occurrence of boophilus microplus infections accompanied by bovine babesiosis was confirmed for 2 locations in northern mexico. the confirmation at one location was made by transferring whole blood to a splenectomised calf which subsequently developed an acute babesia bovis infection. examination of thin blood smears from a suspect animal at the second location revealed b. bovis-infected erthrocytes. a serological survey of other herd members at both locations showed antibody activity agains ...	1980	7434473
a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 2. managerial aspects which indirectly affect tick control.	this paper reports those findings concerning property management from the 1977-78 survey of tick control in queensland, which could effect efficient tick control and also presents a profile of the cattle industry in the tick infested areas at the time of the survey. the average property size was 400 hectares and the average number of cattle on the properties was 726.4. larger properties tended to have crossbred zebu cattle. the average number of paddocks per property was 7.2. the most popular st ...	1980	7436923
a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 3. chemical control.	survey results concerning chemical control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) in queensland are reported in detail, and differences due to region, breed and type of enterprise are discussed. the results show that chemical control was more intensive in zebu and zebu crossbred cattle than could be justified economically and that a minority of producers with european cattle carried out strategic dipping. owners of plunge dips did not make regular use of testing facilities, available from the ...	1980	7436924
a survey concerning cattle tick control in queensland. 4. use of resistant cattle and pasture spelling.	the results of a survey on tick control carried out in 1977-78 indicate that tick resistant cattle have been introduced for their heat and drought tolerance and their ability to grow more rapidly than european cattle, especially in the extensive grazing country of northern and central queensland. in south-eastern queensland acceptance of tick resistant cattle has been slower because producers believe they are more difficult to manage than european cattle. a need for more publicity to be given to ...	1980	7436925
perineurial and glial cells in the tick boophilus microplus (acarina: ixodidae): freeze-fracture and tracer studies.	in the cattle tick boophilus microplus, the cells of the perineurium are characterized by accumulations of glycogen which increase dramatically after feeding. gap junctions couple both these perineurial cells which enshealth the c.n.s. and the underlying glial cells. no tight junctions have been found between perineurial cells and there is in consequence no blood-brain barrier. using ionic lanthanum as a tracer the extensive gap junctions are shown to have no occluding effect and lanthanum penet ...	1980	7441296
cattle ticks from the waterberg district of the transvaal.	macroscopically visible ticks were collected from the hides of 28 cattle slaughtered in pairs during a period of 14 months in the waterberg district. in order of prevalence rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, amblyomma hebraeum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ixodes cavipalpus, hyalomma truncatum and boophilus decoloratus were recovered. immature stages of the three commonest species constituted a major portion of the population for varying periods during the months april ...	1980	7452655
cattle tick identification and seasonal variation in infestation rates in paraguay.	a study of cattle ticks (ixodoidea) in 2 locations in paraguay showed boophilus microplus to be the most prevalent. seasonal infestation rates were studied over a year as also was the effect of acaricide treatment on weight gain, which proved to be insignificant.	1980	7456127
on the biological role of a proteolytic-enzyme inhibitor from the ectoparasitic tick boophilus microplus.	the tick boophilus microplus contains a protein that inhibits a range of proteolytic enzymes. variations in the concentration of this protein throughtout the life cycle were followed by measuring simultaneously the inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin and reaction with an antiserum to the purified inhibitor. the protein is present in large amounts in eggs and in unfed larvae, but its concentration falls very rapidly after the start of the parasitic stage of the life cycle. this, together with ...	1980	7458913
a new tick cell line derived from boophilus microplus.	the boophilus microplus ix tick cell line was developed from a primary embryonic cell culture derived from eggs six to nine days old. the cell line has been in culture since march 1979 and is currently maintained at 32 degrees c in medium consisting of equal parts of minimum essential medium an leibovitz 15 medium supplemented with 20 per cent fetal bovine serum, 10 per cent tryptose phosphate broth and 0.1 per cent plasma albumin. a split ratio of 1:2 has been used for all subcultures and the c ...	1980	7255899
boophilus microplus: cattle antienzymes to larval phosphomonoesterases.		1980	6250874
action of formamidine pesticides on octopamine receptors.	the formamidines are a structurally novel group of pesticides of growing importance in the control of mites, cattle ticks and certain orders of insects which have become resistant to conventional acaricides and insecticides. their mode of action is complex with dose-dependent lethal and subletahal effects. at sublethal levels they cause behavioural changes in the target pest species (for example in feeding and in mating behaviours), changes which are responsible for the protective effects on cro ...	1980	6251379
a note on the transmission of babesia bovis (syn b argentina) by the one-host tick, boophilus microplus.	boophilus microplus infected with babesia bovis were transferred artificially from one splenectomised calf to another during each moult in the parasitic life cycle of the tick. eggs from the engorged female ticks recovered at the end of the cycle were incubated and the resulting larvae used to infest more splenectomised calves. babesia bovis was transmitted only by the original larvae used at the commencement of the experiment and it was concluded that the protozoan parasite did not persist in a ...	1979	262611
some aspects of the epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis in australia.	a short account of the epidemiology and control of babesiosis in australia is presented. epidemiological topics discussed include differences in the transmission of babesia bovis and b. bigemina by the cattle tick, boophilus microplus and the relative prevalence, disease incidence and pathogenicity of b. bovis and b. bigemina. circumstances under which babesiosis occurs in australia are described. in the section on control, only vaccination is discussed. changes in the preparation of babesial va ...	1979	399977
characterization of a proteolytic-enzyme inhibitor with allergenic activity. multiple functions of a parasite-derived protein.	1. a trypsin inhibitor from the tick boophilus microplus was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 2. it is pure by the criteria of constant specific activity on gel filtration and by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. 3. the protein undergoes reversible polymerization, dissociating at low ph. 4. the apparent molecular weight measured by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate is 18,500. 5. inhibition ...	1979	426780
the invasion and growth of babesia bovis in tick tissue culture.	erythrocytic forms of babesia bovis inoculated into cell cultures of the tick boophilus microplus invaded the tick cells and showed multiplication for up to 48 h after inoculation.	1979	467577
the relation between skin histamine concentration, histamine sensitivity, and the resistance of cattle to the tick, boophilus microplus.	cattle with different degrees of resistance to boophilus microplus have responses to tick allergen which correlate with their resistance level. the total amount of histamine in the skin also correlates with both resistance and the immediate hypersensitivity reactions, but the sensitivity to injected histamine does not. treatment with the antihistamine drug mepyramine maleate suppresses the cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. the results suggest that the main pharmacologically active agent in t ...	1979	483974
intercellular junctions in the hypodermis, salivary gland and gené's organ of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus.	the intercellular junctions that occur in the hypodermis, gené's organ, and the salivary glands of the tick, b. microplus, are described. the epithelial cells of the hypodermis are connected by spot desmosomes and septate junctions and the secretory cells of gené's organ by septate and gap junctions. the cap cells in the alveoli of the salivary gland connect to adjacent cells by gap junctions, hemidesmosomes and septate junctions into which microtubules are inserted.	1979	509494