Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [hiv infection/aids and respiratory tract infections in japan]. | recent advances in the chemotherapeutic agents against hiv enabled us to conduct combination therapies using two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. the three-drug combination chemotherapies have been shown to be very potent in inhibiting hiv replication; they markedly suppress plasma hiv-rna levels, elevate cd4 counts, reduce opportunistic infections and prolong survival of the patients. early and hard treatment is now recommended. among opportunistic infection ... | 1998 | 9796209 |
| sordarins: in vitro activities of new antifungal derivatives against pathogenic yeasts, pneumocystis carinii, and filamentous fungi. | gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 are new semisynthetic derivatives of the sordarin class. the in vitro antifungal activities of gm 193663, gm 211676, gm 222712, and gm 237354 against 111 clinical yeast isolates of candida albicans, candida kefyr, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei, and cryptococcus neoformans were compared. the in vitro activities of some of these compounds against pneumocystis carinii, 20 isolates each of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus f ... | 1998 | 9797217 |
| approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are predisposed to develop a variety of common and uncommon infectious and neoplastic pulmonary diseases. clinical information that can stratify the risk of occurrence of these pulmonary conditions includes: 1) cd4 cell count-the most important determinant; 2) concurrent antimicrobial therapy; 3) prior travel history; 4) known latent infections that may reactivate: and 5) underlying respiratory disease. specific pulmonary diseases are discu ... | 1998 | 9799133 |
| [usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the renal transplant patient with suspected respiratory infection]. | in this retrospective study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in kidney transplant patients who were suspected of having severe respiratory infection or in whom empirical antibiotic treatment had failed. all bal procedures performed on kidney transplanted patients suspected of having respiratory infections between january 1, 1988 and july 31, 1996 were analyzed. bal was carried out in the standard way and samples were sent for cytologic and bacteriologic stu ... | 1998 | 9803276 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection of the small intestine. | extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infections are rare in comparison to other opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in recent years, however, the number of reported cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis has increased. it is therefore important for physicians to recognize the various presentations of extrapulmonary p carinii infection. this article reports a case in which the initial clinically detected aids-related infection was extrapulmonary p c ... | 1998 | 9803728 |
| comparing the first and second hundred aids cases in hong kong. | to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the first 200 aids patients in hong kong. | 1998 | 9803809 |
| 6-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues of piritrexim as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii and as antitumor agents. | the synthesis and biological activity are reported for 21 6-substituted 2,4-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues (4-24) of piritrexim (ptx) as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as antitumor agents. recombinant dhfr from pneumocystis carinii (pc) and native dhfr from toxoplasma gondii (tg) were the target enzymes tested; these organisms are responsible for fatal opportunistic infections in aids patients. rat liver (rl) dhfr served as the mammalian reference enzyme to determine ... | 1998 | 9804692 |
| risk factors for primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the united states: reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis. | risk factors for the development of a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were investigated in the adult and adolescent spectrum of disease project, a medical record review study involving longitudinal follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in 9 us cities. risk factors included decreasing cd4 lymphocyte count and history of aids-defining illness, non-p. carinii pneumonia, oral thrush, or unexplained fever for > or = 2 days; pcp prophylaxis was protective. pcp ... | 1998 | 9806044 |
| lung parasites of least weasels in finland. | because of their constant exposure to normal rodent definitive hosts, least weasels (mustela nivalis) were trapped in southern finland in late fall 1994 and examined for lung parasites. histological examination showed that 46% of the weasels (n = 46) were infected with adiaspores identified as chrysosporium sp. granulomas surrounding the adiaspores consisted of mostly unorganized layers of mononuclear cells. the adiaspores from least weasels were much smaller than those reported from their prey ... | 1998 | 9813855 |
| experience with a cross-study endpoint review committee for aids clinical trials. terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids. | to describe the methods and results of a standardized system for clinical endpoint determination for defining and reviewing endpoints in clinical trials for hiv-infected individuals. | 1998 | 9814866 |
| sequence polymorphisms in the pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene and their association with atovaquone prophylaxis failure. | atovaquone (mepron, 566c80) is an effective agent against pneumocystis carinii, which probably acts by binding to cytochrome b and inhibiting electron transport. to assess the possibility that atovaquone resistance might be developing, the genes for the cytochrome b from p. carinii sp. f. carinii and p. carinii sp. f. hominis were partially sequenced. eight of 10 patient isolates had cytochrome b genes with the same amino acid sequence. the p. carinii cytochrome b genes from 2 of 4 patients who ... | 1998 | 9815231 |
| [diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients]. | based on the changing disease pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) associated pulmonary complications we conducted a prospective study in order to compare the value of laboratory tests in patients with pneumocystis (p.) carinii pneumonia (pcp) and other pulmonary complications and of different identification methods of p. carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in pcp patients. | 1998 | 9816629 |
| [bilateral pulmonary infiltrations in patients admitted to an intensive care unit]. | diffuse pulmonary infiltrates are commonly found in hypoxic respiratory failure. we have reviewed 16 patients admitted to our medical intensive care unit over a period of 21 months, of whom seven died in hospital. only patients requiring ventilatory support (cpap or mechanical ventilation) for respiratory failure due to non-cardiogenic causes were included. all patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of ards. three patients suffered from wegener's granulomatosis, three from pneumocystis cari ... | 1998 | 9816947 |
| in-vitro activity of lytic peptides alone and in combination with macrolides and inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against pneumocystis carinii. | the in-vitro activity of cecropin p1, magainin ii, indolicidin and ranalexin alone and in combination with macrolides and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (dhfrs) was investigated against six clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculation of the isolates on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with serial dilutions of each agent. the four peptides suppr ... | 1998 | 9818742 |
| acanthamoebiasis in korea: two new cases with clinical cases review. | the first case was 7-month-old immunodeficiency girl in whom the diagnosis of acanthamoeba pneumonia was established by culture of a bronchial washing. the patient had been ill for a month when she was admitted due to neonatal thrombocytopenia with respiratory difficulty and treated with gammaglobulin and steroid. her chest x-ray showed diffuse alveolar consolidation on the left lung with interstitial hazziness and a partial sign of hyperinflation on the right lung. laboratory tests showed that ... | 1998 | 9821799 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9823990 | |
| pneumocystis carinii: forgotten but not gone? | 1998 | 9823991 | |
| the effect of adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on mortality and subsequent complications. | to assess the long-term safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9823998 |
| clearance of pneumocystis carinii cysts in acute p carinii pneumonia: assessment by serial sputum induction. | to determine the feasibility of repeat sputum induction in acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and to define the rate of clearance of p carinii cysts from the respiratory tract of hiv-seropositive patients with acute pcp. | 1998 | 9823999 |
| acute respiratory failure associated with cryptococcosis in patients with aids: analysis of predictive factors. | the incidence of acute respiratory failure (arf) associated with cryptococcal disease in patients with aids is underestimated in the literature. we performed a retrospective, case-control (referent) study to determine the prevalence of arf associated with cryptococcal disease and analyzed associated factors. potential cases of arf were identified at four university-affiliated teaching hospitals from a cohort of 210 patients with aids who had positive cryptococcal antigen tests and/or cryptococcu ... | 1998 | 9827275 |
| suppurative acinetobacter baumanii thyroiditis with bacteremic pneumonia: case report and review. | suppurative thyroiditis is rare, and the major pathogens are staphylococcus and streptococcus species. we present a case caused by acinetobacter baumanii, which has never before been reported. we review another 191 cases from the english-language literature (1980 to april 1997) and make a comparison with a review of 224 cases (1900-1980). as the numbers of immunocompromised patients increase, cases of suppurative thyroiditis are increasing. pneumocystis carinii has become an important pathogen. ... | 1998 | 9827283 |
| isolation and characterization of alpha-tubulin genes from septoria tritici and rhynchosporium secalis, and comparative analysis of fungal alpha-tubulin sequences. | the alpha-tubulin genes from septoria tritici and rhynchosporium secalis have been cloned and sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequence and intron structure showed strong homology with other known filamentous fungal alpha-tubulins. comparison of sixteen fungal alpha-tubulin sequences based on amino acid sequence homology and intron structure identified five groups of proteins. group 1 consists of filamentous fungi, including s. tritici and r. secalis, the dimorphic fungus histoplasma capsulat ... | 1998 | 9829778 |
| factors associated with hiv-infected patients' recognition and use of hiv medications. | in 1996, we interviewed 224 hiv-infected patients (54% men, 63% african american) receiving hiv medical care in st. louis, missouri about their recognition, prior use, and current use of hiv medications. of 221 respondents who had heard of at least one antiretroviral drug, only 2 respondents reported they had never taken antiretroviral drugs. multivariate logistic regression among respondents with cd4 counts <500 cells/mm3 identified sociodemographic variables (gender, race, education, and site ... | 1998 | 9833743 |
| prophylaxis for opportunistic infections among hiv-infected patients receiving medical care. | in 1995 and 1997, the united states public health service (usphs) and the infectious disease society of america (idsa) published recommendations for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and toxoplasmosis in hiv-infected adults. we evaluated their implementation at four hospital-based hiv clinics in new york city in patients who initially met the cd4+ criterion for prophylaxis between january, 1995 and april, 1997. medical records were re ... | 1998 | 9833748 |
| gender and survival after aids in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the relation between gender and survival after a diagnosis of aids was studied in a cohort of patients with hiv infection in rio de janeiro, brazil. during the study period, 124 of 617 patients (20%) developed aids. of this group, 91 patients were men and 33 were women. there were no gender related differences regarding the access to antiretroviral therapy or to prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. survival was shorter among women (hazard ratio [hr] = 4.43; p < .001) after adjustment ... | 1998 | 9833750 |
| molecular methods for epidemiological and diagnostic studies of fungal infections. | over the past two decades there has been a remarkable increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections. molecular methods, such as karyotyping, restriction analysis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), have now been applied to improve our current understanding of the epidemiology of these fungal infections. for example, investigations on nosocomial outbreaks of fungal infections have been greatly facilitated by molecular methods. in addition, the ability to diagnose and identify deep-seat ... | 1998 | 9839319 |
| two cases of idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia in elderly patients. | we present 2 cases of idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia (icl) in elderly patients. case 1, a 73-year-old man, with pneumonia had received several antibiotics with unsuccessful results at another hospital. on admission, his cd4+ t-lymphocyte count was 109/microl and pneumocystis carinii was detected by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid staining. no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was found. despite therapy, the patient died of respiratory failure. case 2, a 72-year-old man, co ... | 1998 | 9840716 |
| potential coinfections complicate typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | 1998 | 9841244 | |
| alcohol and host defense against pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9727637 | |
| comparison of cytochemical staining, immunofluorescence and pcr for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii on sputum samples. | detection of p. carinii has increased with the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), particularly in sputum samples. in this study, sputum samples obtained from 30 immunosuppressed patients with respiratory symptoms (12 hiv-infected) were tested by standard cytochemical staining (giemsa and methenamine silver), immunofluorescence (if) staining and pcr for detection of p. carinii and the results were compared. pneumocystis carinii was detected in 4, 8 and 13 sputum samples by cytological staini ... | 1998 | 9730296 |
| molecular pathobiology and antigenic variation of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9734292 | |
| inhibition of erythroid differentiation and induction of megakaryocytic differentiation by thrombopoietin are regulated by two different mechanisms in tpo-dependent ut-7/c-mpl and tf-1/c-mpl cell lines. | thrombopoietin (tpo) regulates megakaryocytic (mk) maturation and platelet production. molecular and cellular mechanisms of the tpo-induced mk differentiation are not totally understood. in order to develop cellular models to study these mechanisms, we introduced c-mpl into ut-7 and tf-1 cells by means of a retroviral vector and compared the effects of tpo on these two cell lines. ut-7 and tf-1 cell lines are two factor-dependent leukemic cell lines with an erythroid and mk phenotype. they proli ... | 1998 | 9737683 |
| in-vitro activity of lytic peptides, inhibitors of ion transport systems and ionophorous antibiotics against pneumocystis carinii. | the in-vitro activity of two vertebrate lytic peptides, two ion transport system inhibitors and two polyether ionophores was investigated against four clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii recovered from bronchoalveolar lavages of aids patients. the susceptibility tests were performed by inoculating the isolates on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with dulbecco's modified eagle's medium containing ... | 1998 | 9738830 |
| hiv seronegativity in an infant with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report the case of an infant with progressive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and persistent seronegativity. the child had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 4 months of age and was documented to be hiv-infected by hiv-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase chain reaction (pcr), but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot tests for hiv-1 and hiv-2 specific antibodies remained negative until the infant was 10 months old. this case should increase awareness abou ... | 1998 | 9743066 |
| effects of long-term aerosol pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on pulmonary function. | the purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term effects of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) on the pulmonary function of hiv-positive individuals receiving ap for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis. | 1998 | 9743160 |
| different ultrastructural morphology of pneumocystis carinii derived from mice, rats, and rabbits. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is a fungus present in the lungs of many mammal species. even though studies of the genome, the isoenzymes, and the antigens have proved some host-species-linked heterogeneity, the existence of distinct pneumocystis species or subspecies has still not been accepted. comparative studies of the ultrastructural morphology of pneumocysts derived from several host species may support evidence of host-species-linked heterogeneity. we have compared the ultrastructural morpholo ... | 1998 | 9744763 |
| the carboxyl terminus of pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a encodes a functional glycosylphosphatidylinositol signal sequence. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a hallmark disease associated with aids. an abundant glycoprotein, termed gpa, on the surface of p. carinii is considered an important factor in host-parasite interactions. the primary structure of ferret p. carinii gpa contains a carboxyl-terminal sequence characteristic of a signal for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors. here we report the capacity for this gpa carboxyl sequence to direct attachment of a secreted protein, human growth hormone (hgh), to ... | 1998 | 9748303 |
| extended aromatic furan amidino derivatives as anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | the syntheses of nine new derivatives of 2, 5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans with extended aromatic systems are reported. the interaction of these dicationic furans with poly(da)poly(dt) and with the duplex oligomers d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and d(gcgaattcgc)2 was determined by tm measurement, and the effectiveness of these compounds against the immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated. at a screening dose of 10 micromol/kg, 4 of the 12 amidino furans described here are more ... | 1998 | 9748362 |
| infectious complications occurring in liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil. | mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) is a new immunosuppressive agent that is gaining widespread use in solid organ transplantation recipients. a comprehensive assessment of infectious complications after its use after liver transplantation has never been assessed. | 1998 | 9753337 |
| [hemostasis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection]. | various coagulation abnormalities were reported in hiv-infected patients. cases of severe thrombocytopenia were first observed in contaminated homosexual males, as well as prolonged aptt due to the presence of lupus-like anticoagulant with a frequency in the range 8 to 70% of the studied patients. even if lupus anticoagulant could be evidenced in asymptomatic patients, it frequently occurred during acute opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii. more recently, increased prevalence o ... | 1998 | 9754240 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: pitfalls of prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients. sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smx-tmp) is effective prophylaxis, although pcp may still occur despite apparently adequate use. we report three cases of pcp which highlight some of the pitfalls of prophylaxis. | 1998 | 9767516 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia incidence and chemoprophylaxis failure in ambulatory hiv-infected patients. hiv outpatient study (hops) investigators. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most frequently reported serious opportunistic infection in aids patients and the second highest cause of mortality among persons with aids in the united states, despite the availability of effective chemoprophylaxis. | 1998 | 9768629 |
| reduced binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by alveolar macrophages from persons infected with hiv-1 correlates with mannose receptor downregulation. | the macrophage mannose receptor, a pattern recognition molecule and component of innate immunity, mediates binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii and likely represents an important clearance mechanism in the lungs of immunocompetent hosts. the purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alveolar macrophages from hiv-infected individuals to bind and phagocytose p. carinii, and to investigate the role of the macrophage mannose receptor in mediating this interaction. compared with ... | 1998 | 9769325 |
| [perinatal infection with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | introduction: hiv infection, eventually resulting in aids, represents an important problem of the present days, whereas statistical parameters corresponding with the incidence of its manifestations and lethal outcome deserve great attention and cause anxieity of both general population and medical workers of all profiles. the problem is particularly complicated in the hiv-infected pregnant women. the aim of this paper is to examine epidemiology of hiv and aids, influence of hiv infection on the ... | 1998 | 9769666 |
| [fungal and parasitic nosocomial infections: importance and limitations of disinfection methods]. | due to the increase of opportunistic mycosis and parasitosis for several years, the management of fungal and parasitic risk in hospital has become a necessity and an obligation. the authors remind the main rules and knowledges essential to an optimal management of the fungal and parasitic disinfection in hospital. they summarize the efficiency of different disinfection processes in relation to yeasts, filamentous fungi, pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidia and microsporidia involved in hospital ... | 1998 | 9769895 |
| clindamycin with primaquine vs. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for mild and moderately severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial (ctn 004). ctn-pcp study group. | this double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial compared clindamycin/primaquine (cm/prq) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) as therapy for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). forty-five patients received clindamycin (450 mg four times daily [q.i.d.]) and primaquine (15 mg of base/d); 42 received tmp-smz (320 mg/1,600 mg q.i.d. if weight of > or = 60 kg or 240 mg/1,200 mg q.i.d. if weight of < 60 kg) plus placebo primaquine. overall, the efficacy of cm/prq was similar to ... | 1998 | 9770152 |
| mycobacterium avium complex augments macrophage hiv-1 production and increases ccr5 expression. | infection with hiv-1 results in pronounced immune suppression and susceptibility to opportunistic infections (oi). reciprocally, oi augment hiv-1 replication. as we have shown for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii, macrophages infected with opportunistic pathogens and within lymphoid tissues containing oi, exhibit striking levels of viral replication. to explore potential underlying mechanisms for increased hiv-1 replication associated with coinfection, blood monocytes w ... | 1998 | 9770527 |
| first isolation of trichophyton fischeri in the united states. | a 49-year-old male with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was seen at bellevue hospital in new york, n.y. sputum samples yielded cultures of candida lusitaniae, mycobacterium avium, and a filamentous fungus, trichophyton fischeri. t. fischeri is a nonpathogenic fungus which resembles the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. this is the first record of the species from u.s. sources. this case exemplifies the ecological differences between t. fischeri and t. rubrum and illustrates how correct identifica ... | 1998 | 9774603 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumopathy in rheumatoid polyarthritis treated by methotrexate in a patient with pulmonary asbestosis]. | 1998 | 9775079 | |
| [epidemiologic characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis in 399 hiv-infected patients followed between 1983 and 1994]. | to describe the epidemiological characteristics of toxoplasmic encephalitis in hiv-infected patients with a more than 12-year follow-up. | 1998 | 9775164 |
| cotrimoxazole induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a suspected case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with human immuno deficiency virus infection. | toxic epidermal necrolysis due to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole therapy in a subject of hiv with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is reported, because of its rarity in indian conditions. patient showed excellent recovery on corticosteroid therapy. | 1998 | 9775570 |
| hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis induced by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in an aids patient. | a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and sickle cell anemia presented to the university of wisconsin hospital on two separate occasions with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). on both occasions he was treated with high-dose intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). several days into each treatment course he developed hyperkalemia and systemic acidosis consistent with hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis (rta). the abnormalities resolved in the first instance ... | 1998 | 9776424 |
| pneumonia in the patient with hiv infection. | the lower respiratory tract has always been a major site of complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in the era before pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis (pcp) this organism accounted for more than 70% of initial aids-defining diagnoses and was by far the most common identifiable cause of mortality. even in the era of prophylaxis, pcp continues to be the most common aids-defining diagnosis and the most common identifiable cause of death. despite the historic emp ... | 1998 | 9779391 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with peripheral nodular infiltrates in a patient with t-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 1998 | 9779726 | |
| [infections and lupus]. | infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus, and are promoted by various dysfunctions of the immune system, some of which are poorly understood. other predisposing factors have been also identified such as the presence of glomerulonephritis and a treatment with high-dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressors. these factors have been particularly associated with the occurrence of opportunistic infections such as systemic candi ... | 1998 | 9781135 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene in pneumocystis carinii. | this work reports the isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a superoxide dismutase (sod, ec.1.15.1.1.) from pneumocystis carinii derived from rat. sense and antisense oligonucleotides, deduced from sod amino acid sequences from a wide variety of organisms, allowed amplification of a 669 bp genomic dna fragment specific to this p. carinii. race-pcr was used to obtain the major part of the complementary dna; the 5'- and 3'-genomic regions were obtained respectively from a mbol subgenom ... | 1998 | 9783449 |
| cultured rat and purified human pneumocystis carinii stimulate intra- but not extracellular free radical production in human neutrophils. | the production of free radicals in human neutrophils was studied in both pneumocystis carinii derived from cultures of l2 rat lung epithelial-like cells and pneumocystis carinii purified from human lung. using the cytochrome c technique, which selectively measured extracellular superoxide generation, hardly any free radical production was observed after stimulation with cultured rat-derived p. carinii. a chemiluminescence technique, which separately measured intra- and extracellular free radical ... | 1998 | 9783456 |
| drug monitoring during the treatment of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | to monitor trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole plasma levels in patients with aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9786102 |
| characterizations of pneumocystis carinii and rat lung lipids: glyceryl ethers and fatty alcohols. | pneumocystis carinii carinii and rat lung phospholipids contained 3-6% 1-alkyl-2-acyl glycerols composed of the glyceryl ether species, 1-o-octadecyl glycerol (batyl alcohol), 1-o-octadec-9-enyl glycerol (selachyl alcohol), 1-o-hexadecyl glycerol (chimyl alcohol), and 1-o-hexadec-9-enyl glycerol. of the major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylinositol (pi) and phosphatidylserine contained the highest percentage of alkyl acyl glycerols. methylprednisolone treatment caused an increase in alkyl acy ... | 1998 | 9788237 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9792055 | |
| genetic heterogeneity in pneumocystis carinii: an introduction. | molecular techniques have played an important role in demonstrating a high level of heterogeneity among the different types of organisms which are collectively known as pneumocystis carinii. genetic heterogeneity has been observed in pneumocystis organisms isolated from different host species, suggesting that pneumocystis infection is host-species specific. on the basis of this genetic divergence a provisional trinomial nomenclature has been adopted, in which different types of pneumocystis orga ... | 1998 | 9792056 |
| the genome of pneumocystis carinii. | the best understood special form of p. carinii, p. carinii formae specialis (f.sp.) carinii, appears to be haploid and contains about 8 million base pairs of dna (8.5 fg) per nucleus. the genome of p. carinii f.sp. carinii is divided into 13-15 linear chromosomes that range from 300 to 700 kb in size. eight different p. carinii f.sp. carinii karyotypes have been observed. the karyotypes of p. carinii f.sp. carinii differ due to slight variations in the lengths of chromosomes, but the 8 karyotype ... | 1998 | 9792057 |
| typing methods to approach pneumocystis carinii genetic heterogeneity. | the study of the genetic heterogeneity of p. carinii is complicated by the lack of an in vitro culture system, as well as by the likely occurrence of co-infections with several special forms or types in a single host. karyotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis are useful for studies at the evolutionary level. however, these methods require a large number of cells, which prevents their use for the special form infecting humans. dna sequence analysis of genomic regions is useful to study p. ... | 1998 | 9792058 |
| potential impact of pneumocystis genetic diversity on the molecular detection of the parasite in human host. | our aim was to evaluate if genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii could influence the detection by molecular techniques in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids and in non-invasive specimens (induced sputum, oropharyngeal washing and serum/blood). p. carinii is morphologically similar in different hosts although several strains have been identified by biomolecular techniques. variations of mt-lsu and itss sequences could determine a lack of hybridization of some clinical samples and could have ... | 1998 | 9792059 |
| genetic heterogeneity in human-derived pneumocystis carinii. | genetic heterogeneity has been observed among isolates of human-derived pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii sp. f. hominis). dna sequence analysis has been shown to be informative in distinguishing between isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis. single base polymorphisms have been observed in the genes encoding the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna, the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal rna and the arom protein. the highest level of genetic variation has been found at the internal transc ... | 1998 | 9792061 |
| the major surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9792062 | |
| emerging aspects related to the application of biomolecular techniques to the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: our experience with itss primers. | 1998 | 9792066 | |
| pcr for detecting pneumocystis carinii in clinical or environmental samples. | since pneumocystis carinii cannot be cultured in vitro, the introduction of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been an enormous advantage for research purposes. it is now possible to detect p. carinii in specimens containing low numbers of organisms where conventional detection methods using microscopic examination of histochemical stains has been insufficient. pcr has been used to detect p. carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, spontaneous expectorates, oropharyngeal gargles, naso ... | 1998 | 9792067 |
| clinical aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: 1997. | in 1997 in europe p. carinii pneumonia is largely a disease of individuals who are either unaware of their hiv serostatus or who decline prophylaxis despite knowing they are hiv positive. although fibre optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage is the diagnostic 'gold standard' polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification applied to oropharyngeal washings appears to have a moderate to high diagnostic yield. with further development this may provide a truly non-invasive diagnostic test. ther ... | 1998 | 9792068 |
| the pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein (msg): its potential involvement in the pathophysiology of pneumocystosis. | 1998 | 9792071 | |
| effect of a killer toxin of pichia anomala to pneumocystis. perspectives in the control of pneumocystosis. | despite the development of drugs in the prophylaxis of pneumocystosis, pneumocystis carinii remains a major opportunistic microorganism in immunosuppressed individuals, especially in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. since side effects were frequently observed after administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine, the drugs which are mainly used in treating human p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), new therapeutic strategies should be developed. over the last years, the inhi ... | 1998 | 9792073 |
| evaluation of drug efficacy by using animal models or in vitro systems. | the efficacy of most therapeutic and prophylactic protocols against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia used in human patients has been tested in animal models, especially in the corticosteroid-treated rat. the advantages and drawbacks of this model have been examined in brief in chapter 1 of this section. more recently, the nude rat, intratracheally inoculated with pneumocystis, was used to test new anti-microbian molecules for their anti-pneumocystis activity. in vitro systems, co-cultures of pneum ... | 1998 | 9792077 |
| in vitro drug assays and statistical analysis. | the development of in vitro drug tests to assess the efficacy of drugs against pneumocystis carinii has been hindered by the lack of efficient methods for continuous cultivation of the microorganism. however, different short-term culture systems have been proposed by many teams. in the present contribution an in vitro microplate drug assay and two statistical programs allowing the analysis of results are presented. | 1998 | 9792078 |
| [a case of severe neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus treated by plasmapheresis: diagnostic values of serum antiribosomal p protein antibodies and interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid]. | we report here a case of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus with organic brain syndrome and transverse myelitis which was successfully managed by plasmapheresis. a 27-year-old female with facial rash, arthralgia and fever was diagnosed as having sle and treated with oral prednisolone (psl) in june 1996. after 6 weeks she demonstrated muscle pain and a spiking temperature. the dose of psl was increased but clinical symptoms did not improve. in august, pulse methyl-psl was performed and she subs ... | 1998 | 9793379 |
| [lymph node dissemination of a serious pneumocystis carinii respiratory infection in aids: histopathological and ultrastructural aspects]. | a case report of isolated lymph node extension of atypical respiratory pneumocystis carinii infection which occurred in an hiv-infected patient undergoing aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis is presented with its histopathological and ultrastructural features. aids-associated extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis are discussed on the ground of their frequency, localizations, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome. | 1998 | 9793399 |
| hospital service interventions and improving survival of aids patients st mary's hospital, london, 1982-1991. | the relationship between changes in hospital service interventions at st mary's hospital, london, reduced case fatality for patients with their first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and improved survival from diagnosis of aids was investigated for the period 1982-1991. multivariate logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with episode survival; for those patients who survived their first episode of pcp, survival from time of diagnosis of aids was ana ... | 1998 | 9639206 |
| [prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv-infected adults]. | opportunistic infections have a major influence on morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected individuals. prophylactic measures have to be introduced for each patient, corresponding to the stage of disease measured by cd4-lymphocyte count. they consist of exposure prophylaxis, vaccinations and especially chemoprophylaxis with antimicrobials. some live vaccines are contraindicated in hiv infected patients. pneumococcal vaccine for every patient and specific primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis ... | 1998 | 9643128 |
| saquinavir enhances the mucosal toxicity of infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in patients with hiv-associated non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | protease inhibitors are an important new class of agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the purpose of our trial was to determine the feasibility of combining the protease inhibitor saquinavir with a 96-hour continuous intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide (800 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2, and etoposide (240 mg/m2) (cde) plus filgrastim in patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hiv infection. the effect of saquinavir on cde-induced myelosupp ... | 1998 | 9643531 |
| [thyroiditis caused by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hiv infection]. | 1998 | 9646573 | |
| susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in mice is dependent on simultaneous deletion of ifn-gamma and type 1 and 2 tnf receptor genes. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, particularly hiv-infected individuals. an improved understanding of pulmonary host response, including the cytokines required for defense, could suggest novel immunotherapeutic approaches to this infection. the cytokines ifn-gamma and tnf have contributory roles in host defense against p. carinii, but their combined and interactive importance is unclear. to test the roles of these cytoki ... | 1998 | 9647244 |
| cushing's syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections. | the case history of a 56-year-old man is described who suffered from severe adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth)-dependent cushing's syndrome. the clinical course was complicated by simultaneous infections with pneumocystis carinii, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus and herpes simplex, which proved to be fatal. a study of the literature shows that opportunistic infections in endogenous cushing's syndrome are associated with severe cortisol excess and carry a high mort ... | 1998 | 9648056 |
| [liver changes in aids. retrospective analysis of 227 autopsies of hiv-positive patients]. | in a retrospective study of a 12-year period (1981-1992) liver histology was analyzed in 227 autopsied patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. normal histology could only be documented in 29 patients (13%). in the majority of cases (56%) uncharacteristic changes were seen such as steatosis (34%), hemosiderosis (10%) or non-specific reactive hepatitis (7%). the finding of hepatic peliosis obtained in 4 patients was not associated with inflammatory liver changes, especially infect ... | 1998 | 9648144 |
| antisense binding enhanced by tertiary interactions: binding of phosphorothioate and n3'-->p5' phosphoramidate hexanucleotides to the catalytic core of a group i ribozyme from the mammalian pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is the most common lethal opportunistic pathogen infecting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) patients, and more effective therapeutics for it are needed. p. carinii, but not humans, contain rna self-splicing group i introns, so these functionally important rnas are potential anti-fungal targets. in vitro, d(atgact), which mimics the 3' end of the 5' exon of a conserved ribosomal rna group i intron from mouse-derived pneumocystis carinii binds to a ribozyme that is a ... | 1998 | 9649319 |
| pneumocystis carinii induces interleukin 6 production by an alveolar epithelial cell line. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection often results in severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. attachment of pc organisms to alveolar epithelial cells is a hallmark of pc pneumonia; however, few studies have investigated the response of alveolar epithelial cells to pc infection. | 1998 | 9650017 |
| diagnostic use of pcr for detection of pneumocystis carinii in oral wash samples. | there is a need to develop noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients unable to undergo bronchoscopy or induction sputum. oral wash specimens are easily obtained, and p. carinii nucleic acid can be amplified and demonstrated by pcr. in routine clinical use, easy sample processing and single-round pcr are needed to ensure rapid analysis and to reduce the risk of contamination. we developed a single-round touchdown pcr (td-pcr) protocol with the ability to ... | 1998 | 9650964 |
| trends in aids-related opportunistic infections among men who have sex with men and among injecting drug users, 1991-1996. | incidence trends for the 13 most frequent aids-defining opportunistic infections (ois) among men who have sex with men (msm, n = 15,588) and injecting drug users (idus, n = 4475) were examined using data abstracted from medical records in >90 hospitals and clinics in nine us cities during 1991-1996. among msm, the most frequent ois were mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis; decreasing (p < or = .05) trends occurred f ... | 1998 | 9652430 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigens by local antibody-secreting cells following resolution of p. carinii pneumonia in mice. | to examine the repertoire of pneumocystis carinii antigens recognized by antibody-secreting b cells from tracheobronchial lymph nodes isolated immediately following recovery from p. carinii pneumonia, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced from these cells. in contrast to previous studies of systemic immunity, p. carinii gpa was not the immunodominant antigen recognized by these b cells. forty-nine (91%) of 54 p. carinii-specific hybridoma culture supernatants reacted with p. carinii antigen ... | 1998 | 9652446 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in breast cancer. | 1998 | 9653502 | |
| [pulmonary emphysematous changes associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of non-productive cough. he had worked in africa and received a blood transfusion after a traffic accident in 1985. on admission, the patient had remarkable hypoxemia and a decreased cd4+ lymphocyte count. a serological test for human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv)-1 was positive. his chest radiographs showed diffuse reticular and linear opacities, and broncoalveolar lavage findings established a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumoni ... | 1998 | 9656678 |
| antigenic properties of recombinant glycosylated and nonglycosylated pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a polypeptides expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | since a continuous culture system is not yet available for the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii, obtaining suitable amounts of purified p. carinii antigens free of mammalian-host lung contaminants is difficult. hence, production of recombinant antigen possessing epitopes found in native p. carinii antigens is critical for immunological studies. we utilized the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) in insect cells to determine whether b-cell epitopes present in the protein ... | 1998 | 9658387 |
| disease progression and survival following specific aids-defining conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 2048 hiv-infected persons in london. | to assess the impact of specific aids-defining conditions on survival in hiv-infected persons, with emphasis on the effect of tuberculosis. | 1998 | 9662196 |
| wegener's granulomatosis: long-term follow-up of patients treated with pulse cyclophosphamide. | treatment with daily oral cyclophosphamide (cy) has improved survival in wegener's granulomatosis (wg), but is associated with severe and potentially lethal adverse effects. less toxic treatment regimens, such as pulse cy, have been used, but the effect has been questioned. we have treated 11 patients with wg with pulse cy (15 mg/kg initially every second week, gradually increasing the pulse interval). after 4.5 yr follow-up and a total of 501 pulses of cy, one patient died and eight patients (7 ... | 1998 | 9667621 |
| cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytopenia in a filly with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | decreased proportion of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in peripheral blood likely contributed to susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii in a foal. cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage was required for identification of the pathogen and serial flow-cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes documented transient low expression of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes. although immunodeficiency is uncommon, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for patients suffering from chroni ... | 1998 | 9673763 |
| risk factors and outcomes associated with identification of aspergillus in respiratory specimens from persons with hiv disease. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to examine the significance of previously suggested risk factors and assess outcomes associated with aspergillus identification in respiratory specimens from hiv-seropositive individuals. | 1998 | 9674459 |
| validation of the modified multisystem organ failure score as a predictor of mortality in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. | to validate a previously developed multisystem organ failure (msof) score with and without the addition of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) level as a predictor of survival to hospital discharge in patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and acute respiratory failure (arf). | 1998 | 9674470 |
| [prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections]. | an opportunist infection (oi) is understood to be an infection produced by microorganisms that invade a host with impaired immune capacity, such as children with hiv infection. the adequate treatment and chemoprophylaxis of these infections has improved the prognosis of their evolution, although they still present a high morbidity and mortality when they occur. in this sense, the introduction of triple therapy (new antiretroviral inhibitors and protease inhibitors) is likely to produce a prompt ... | 1998 | 9675398 |
| use of dapsone in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review. | dapsone, with or without trimethoprim or pyrimethamine, has strong anti-pneumocystis carinii activity, as demonstrated by in vitro methods, animal studies, and clinical trials. the drug blocks folic acid synthesis of p. carinii by inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase activity. dapsone is efficiently absorbed (70%-80%) from the gastrointestinal tract, reaches peak serum concentration in 2-6 hours, and is adequately distributed to the fluid of the alveolar spaces. synergistic effects against p ... | 1998 | 9675476 |
| hiv and the lung. | the spectrum of hiv-related respiratory diseases has evolved since initial years of the epidemic. with changes in the definition of aids, shifts in demographic and behavior risk factors for hiv infection, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, the incidence of bacterial pneumonia has matched that of pcp. combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors has been a major contributor to a recent decline in hiv-related opportunistic infections. these advances will almost ce ... | 1998 | 9675515 |
| molecular characterization of mouse pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a. | since the mouse offers an easily manipulated experimental animal model for the study of the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia caused by the opportunist pneumocystis carinii, we cloned and characterized cdnas encoding an abundant, immunogenic surface antigen termed glycoprotein a (gpa) from mouse p. carinii. a cdna library was constructed in bacteriophage lambda gt11 from p. carinii-infected mouse lung poly(a+) rna. using a nucleic acid probe derived from a conserved region of the mouse p. carinii ... | 1998 | 9679195 |
| oral manifestations of toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten) in patients with aids: report of five cases. | to describe oral findings in hiv-infected individuals with toxic epidermal necrolysis (ten). | 1998 | 9680896 |