Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the potential role of nemonoxacin for treatment of common infections. | nemonoxacin , a novel non-fluorinated quinolone, exhibits potent activity against gram-positive bacteria, including mrsa and fluoroquinolone-resistant mrsa, gram-negative and atypical pathogens. this agent also has a reduced propensity for resistance development in many kinds of pathogens. | 2015 | 25529577 |
| mortality, hospital costs, payments, and readmissions associated with clostridium difficile infection among medicare beneficiaries. | the management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among hospitalized patients is costly, and ongoing payment reform is compelling hospitals to reduce its burden. to assess the impact of cdi on mortality, hospital costs, healthcare use, and medicare payments for beneficiaries who were discharged with cdi listed as a secondary international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification claim diagnosis. | 2015 | 27885315 |
| identification of a novel mutation at the primary dimer interface of gyra conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in clostridium difficile. | the aim of this study was to determine whether alternative resistance mechanisms, other than mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of dna gyrase, could confer fluoroquinolone resistance in clostridium difficile. an in vitro-generated c. difficile mutant exhibiting increased fluoroquinolone resistance was isolated through antibiotic selection on ciprofloxacin. the qrdr of this mutant was investigated by chain-termination sequencing and was found to be devoid of mutation. ... | 2015 | 27842877 |
| risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infections and strategies to decrease readmissions in a community hospital. | currently there are no universally accepted approaches for the prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) following the initial infection. several studies have identified common risk factors for the emergence of recurrent cdi. identifying patients at high risk for recurrent cdi through the assessment of risk factors at initial diagnosis could enable health care providers to optimize available treatment options. a vancomycin hydrochloride-tapered regimen may be an effective tr ... | 2015 | 27621508 |
| evaluating the effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on reducing the incidence rate of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 27437421 | |
| [recent epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in japan]. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a major pathogen for diarrhea in hospitalized patients and because of outbreak of highly virulent strain in eu and us, increased length of hospital stay and increased numbers of severe patients and deaths have become major challenges. in recent years, transmissions through community-acquired or food-borne infections are reported. national surveillance has been already performed overseas. guidelines for preventing c. difficile infection (cdi) is available, ... | 2015 | 27004398 |
| [clostridium difficile are on the rise]. | 2015 | 26953476 | |
| the discovery of a novel antibiotic for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections: a story of an effective academic-industrial partnership. | academic drug discovery is playing an increasingly important role in the identification of new therapies for a wide range of diseases. there is no one model that guarantees success. we describe here a drug discovery story where chance, the ability to capitalise on chance, and the assembling of a range of expertise, have all played important roles in the discovery and subsequent development of an antibiotic chemotype based on the bis-benzimidazole scaffold, with potency against a number of curren ... | 2015 | 26949507 |
| hospital acquired diarrhea in a burn center of tehran. | incidence of hospital-acquired diarrhea has increased rapidly and burn patients are at high risk of getting it. infection with c. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. the aim of this study was to determine the baseline characteristics and clinical presentation of hospital-acquired diarrhea and compare c. difficile and non-c. difficile diarrhea in burn patients treated at a burn center. | 2015 | 26885330 |
| microbiome regulation of autoimmune, gut and liver associated diseases. | extensive analysis of the complexity and diversity of microbiota using metagenomics in the gut and other body sites has provided evidence that dysbiosis occurs in many disease states. with the application of next generation sequencing technology this research is starting to uncover the impact of microbiota on metabolic, physiological and immunological pathways and elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. to highlight these advances we have focused on autoimmunity and gut and liv ... | 2015 | 26817477 |
| prospective evaluation of a novel two-step protocol for screening of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adult patients. | abstract. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in thailand and worldwide. the clinical spectrum ranges from annoy- ing diarrhea to severe life-threatening disease. enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay for cytotoxins a/b (cytotoxins a/b elfa), which has been widely used in our institute, generally is considered as having low sensitivity for diagnosis of cdi. the study was a prospective evaluation of a novel two-step diagnostic algorithm, in which ... | 2015 | 26867362 |
| persisting variation in testing and reporting clostridium difficile cases. | previous evidence suggested a significant variation in the testing algorithms used across the united kingdom for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and new national guidelines were issued in 2012. the main aim of this paper was to explore if such variation in testing and reporting is still present, to compare the management of cdi cases, and to investigate if there is any significant variation in the antibiotic policies among different hospitals. using london hospitals as a s ... | 2015 | 26877769 |
| top ten facts you need to know about clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26863828 | |
| [fecal bacteriotherapy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile colitis used in the clinic of infectious diseases of the university hospital brno in 2010-2014 - a prospective study]. | the aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of fecal bacteriotherapy in the treatment of clostridium difficile colitis. | 2015 | 26795227 |
| comparison of a novel chemiluminescent based algorithm to three algorithmic approaches for the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | rapid commercial assays, including nucleic acid amplification tests and immunoassays for clostridium. difficile toxins, have replaced the use of older assays. they are included in a two-step algorithm diagnosis, including first the detection of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) as a screening method and second the detection of toxins as a confirmatory method. although assays that detect the presence of free toxins in feces are known to lack sensitivity, they are preferable to confirm infection. ... | 2015 | 26705425 |
| prophylactic use of gentamicin/flucloxacillin versus cefuroxime in surgery: a meta analysis of clinical studies. | to conduct meta-analyses of all available studies comparing efficacies of prophylactic cefuroxime and prophylactic gentamicin/flucloxacillin (gen/flu) in preventing post-operative wound infections and their association with risks of clostridium difficile infections and post-operative renal impairment. | 2015 | 26770380 |
| clostridium difficile ribotypes in humans and animals in brazil. | clostridium difficile is an emerging enteropathogen responsible for pseudomembranous colitis in humans and diarrhoea in several domestic and wild animal species. despite its known importance, there are few studies about c. difficile polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ribotypes in brazil and the actual knowledge is restricted to studies on human isolates. the aim of the study was therefore to compare c. difficile ribotypes isolated from humans and animals in brazil. seventy-six c. difficile strains ... | 2015 | 26676318 |
| optimal screening and donor management in a public stool bank. | fecal microbiota transplantation is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection and is being investigated as a treatment for other microbiota-associated diseases. to facilitate these activities, an international public stool bank has been created, which screens donors and processes stools in a standardized manner. the goal of this research is to use mathematical modeling and analysis to optimize screening and donor management at the stool bank. | 2015 | 26675010 |
| the susceptibility of celiac disease intestinal microbiota to clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26673511 | |
| the sos response master regulator lexa is associated with sporulation, motility and biofilm formation in clostridium difficile. | the lexa regulated sos network is a bacterial response to dna damage of metabolic or environmental origin. in clostridium difficile, a nosocomial pathogen causing a range of intestinal diseases, the in-silico deduced lexa network included the core sos genes involved in the dna repair and genes involved in various other biological functions that vary among different ribotypes. here we describe the construction and characterization of a lexa clostron mutant in c. difficile r20291 strain. the mutat ... | 2015 | 26682547 |
| two patients with fulminant clostridium difficile enteritis who had not undergone total colectomy: a case series and review of the literature. | introduction. clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare associated infectious diarrhea, and its most common clinical manifestation is pseudomembranous colitis. small bowel enteritis is reported infrequently in the literature and typically occurs only in patients who have undergone ileal pouch anastomosis due to inflammatory bowel disease or total abdominal colectomy for other reasons. presentation of cases. we report here two cases in which patients developed small bowel c. di ... | 2015 | 26682082 |
| time-resolved amino acid uptake of clostridium difficile 630δerm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation. | clostridium difficile is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe gastrointestinal infections. compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. in this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. in a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production. | 2015 | 26680234 |
| clinical features and characteristics of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 176 infection: results from a 1-year university hospital internal ward study. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. given an increasing cdi incidence and global spread of epidemic ribotypes, a 1-year study was performed to analyse the molecular characteristics of c. difficile isolates and associated clinical outcomes from patients diagnosed with cdi in the internal medicine department at university hospital motol, prague from february 2013 to february 2014. | 2015 | 26698842 |
| molecular characteristics of clostridium difficile strains from patients with a first recurrence more than 8 weeks after the primary infection. | nearly all published studies of recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi) report recurrent cdi within 8 weeks after the primary infection. this study explored the molecular characteristics of c. difficile isolates from the first recurrent cdi more than 8 weeks after the primary infection. | 2015 | 26698688 |
| self-administered home series fecal "minitransplants" for recurrent clostridium difficile infection on a rectal remnant. | a fecal microbiota transplant has proved to be an extremely effective method for patients with recurrent infections with clostridium difficile. we present the case of a 65-year-old female patient with multiple clostridium difficile infection (cdi) relapses on the rectal remnant, post-colectomy for a cdi-related toxic megacolon. the patient also evidenced associated symptomatic clostridium difficile vaginal infection. she was successfully treated with serial fecal "minitransplants" (self-administ ... | 2015 | 26697583 |
| clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. | patients with liver cirrhosis are at-risk population for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). there is a paucity of data on the incidence of cdi in cirrhotics with hepatic encephalopathy (he). the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for cdi in cirrhotics hospitalized with he. | 2015 | 26697567 |
| nutritional keys for intestinal barrier modulation. | the intestinal tract represents the largest interface between the external environment and the human body. nutrient uptake mostly happens in the intestinal tract, where the epithelial surface is constantly exposed to dietary antigens. since inflammatory response toward these antigens may be deleterious for the host, a plethora of protective mechanisms take place to avoid or attenuate local damage. for instance, the intestinal barrier is able to elicit a dynamic response that either promotes or i ... | 2015 | 26697008 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations and clostridium difficile infection: a meta-analysis. | well-known risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are exposure to antibiotics and gastric acid suppressants. recent studies have provided some evidence of an association between hypovitaminosis d and the risk of cdi. therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to pool all the existing evidence to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25[oh]d) and cdi. | 2015 | 26701764 |
| quality outcomes in the surgical intensive care unit after electronic health record implementation. | the electronic health record (ehr) is increasingly viewed as a means to provide more coordinated, patient-centered care. few studies consider the impact of ehrs on quality of care in the intensive care unit (icu) setting. | 2015 | 26767058 |
| the use of an iv to po clinical intervention form to improve antibiotic administration in a community based hospital. | antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed medications in acute care settings, with 50% of antimicrobial use deemed inappropriate. antimicrobial stewardship programs (asp) aim to optimize antibiotic use in order to improve patient clinical outcomes while minimizing unwanted effects of therapy including clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and the emergence of resistant organisms. antimicrobial stewardship involves a coordinated set of interventions that ensure patients who require an ... | 2015 | 26734367 |
| cadazolid does not promote intestinal colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in mice. | the promotion of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is one potential side effect during treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), resulting from disturbances in gut microbiota. cadazolid (cdz) is an investigational antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against c. difficile and against vre and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of cdad. we report that cdz treatment did not lead to intestinal vre overgrowth in mice. | 2015 | 26503650 |
| multimorbidity in elderly hospitalised patients and risk of clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective study with the cumulative illness rating scale (cirs). | to identify the role of chronic comorbidities, considered together in a literature-validated index (cumulative illness rating scale, cirs), and antibiotic or proton-pump inhibitor (ppi) treatments as risk factors for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly multimorbid hospitalised patients. | 2015 | 26503394 |
| memory b cells encode neutralizing antibody specific for toxin b from the clostridium difficile strains vpi 10463 and nap1/bi/027 but with superior neutralization of vpi 10463 toxin b. | secreted toxin b (tcdb) substantially contributes to the pathology observed during clostridium difficile infection. to be successfully incorporated into a vaccine, tcdb-based immunogens must stimulate the production of neutralizing antibody (ab)-encoding memory b cells (bmem cells). despite numerous investigations, a clear analysis of bmem cellular responses following vaccination against tcdb is lacking. b6 mice were therefore used to test the ability of a nontoxigenic c-terminal domain (ctd) fr ... | 2015 | 26502913 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels are not associated with adverse outcomes in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant source of healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. this study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with adverse outcomes from cdi. patients with cdi were prospectively enrolled. charts were reviewed and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was measured. the primary outcome was a composite definition of severe disease: fever (temperature >38°c), acute organ dysfunction, or serum white blood cell count >15,000 cells/µl withi ... | 2015 | 26500740 |
| decreasing clostridium difficile health care-associated infections through use of a launderable mattress cover. | the annual incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the united states is estimated to be 330,000 cases. we evaluated the impact of using a launderable mattress and bed deck cover on the incidence of hospital-onset cdi in 2 long-term acute care hospitals (ltachs). | 2015 | 26498703 |
| identification of a novel lipoprotein regulator of clostridium difficile spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. c. difficile infections are transmitted when ingested spores germinate in the gastrointestinal tract and transform into vegetative cells. germination begins when the germinant receptor cspc detects bile salts in the gut. cspc is a subtilisin-like serine pseudoprotease that activates the related cspb serine protease through an unknown mechanism. activated cspb cleaves the pro-slec zymogen, ... | 2015 | 26496694 |
| use of probiotics in pediatric infectious diseases. | we summarize current evidence and recommendations for the use of probiotics in childhood infectious diseases. probiotics may be of benefit in treating acute infectious diarrhea and reducing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. potential benefits of probiotic on prevention of traveler's diarrhea,clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, side effects of triple therapy in helicobacter pylori eradication, necrotizing enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and recurrent urinary tract ... | 2015 | 26496433 |
| a rare cause of reversible renal hemosiderosis. | kidney failure secondary to renal hemosiderosis has been reported in diseases with intravascular hemolysis, like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and valvular heart diseases. we present here a case of hemosiderin induced acute tubular necrosis secondary to intravascular hemolysis from clostridium difficile infection with possible role of supratherapeutic inr. we discuss the pathophysiology, causes, and prognosis of acute tubular injury from hemosiderosis. | 2015 | 26491580 |
| evaluation of a bedside scoring system for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections. | the accuracy of a bedside scoring system, atlas, for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) was evaluated. | 2015 | 26490821 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from rabbits raised for meat production. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of enteric disease in humans and animals. recent studies demonstrated a genetic overlap between c. difficile isolated from animals and humans suggesting animals as possible reservoir for human pathogenic strains. this study was a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of c. difficile in rabbits raised in industrial holdings for food production and aimed to characterise isolates and estimate their antimicrobial susceptibility. c. difficile isolates ... | 2015 | 26507420 |
| hiv-related opportunistic infections are still relevant in 2015. | the incidence of hiv-related opportunistic infections (ois) has declined in the united states with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hiv infection. however, the absolute number of patients with ois remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. oi guidelines from the national institutes of health, centers for disease control and prevention, and infectious diseases society of america continue to be updated on a regular basis, se ... | 2015 | 26518395 |
| oral teicoplanin for successful treatment of severe refractory clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. there is no defined protocol for treating severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) refractory to vancomycin or vancomycin and metronidazole combination therapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of clinical cure, time to resolution of diarrhoea and recurrence rate in patients with severe refractory cdi treated with oral teicoplanin. | 2015 | 26517480 |
| obesity is independently associated with infection in hospitalised patients with end-stage liver disease. | infection is the most common cause of mortality in end-stage liver disease (esld). the impact of obesity on infection risk in esld is not established. | 2015 | 26510540 |
| association between outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices and community-associated clostridium difficile infection. | background. antibiotic use predisposes patients to clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and approximately 32% of these infections are community-associated (ca) cdi. the population-level impact of antibiotic use on adult ca-cdi rates is not well described. methods. we used 2011 active population- and laboratory-based surveillance data from 9 us geographic locations to identify adult ca-cdi cases, defined as c difficile-positive stool specimens (by toxin or molecular assay) collected from out ... | 2015 | 26509182 |
| differential outcome of an antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback program in two intensive care units: a controlled interrupted time series study. | antimicrobial decision making in intensive care units (icus) is challenging. unnecessary antimicrobials contribute to the development of resistant pathogens, clostridium difficile infection and drug related adverse events. however, inadequate antimicrobial therapy is associated with mortality in critically ill patients. antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly being implemented to improve antimicrobial prescribing, but the optimal approach in the icu setting is unknown. we assessed th ... | 2015 | 26511839 |
| investigation of clostridium difficile interspecies relatedness using multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst), multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed on 37 animal and human c. difficile isolates belonging to 15 different pcr-ribotypes in order to investigate the relatedness of human and animal isolates and to identify possible transmission routes. mlva identified a total of 21 different types while mlst only distinguished 12 types. identical c. difficile strains were detected in the same animal species fo ... | 2015 | 26545846 |
| molecular characterization of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection in pediatric ward in iran. | clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. it is a significant financial burden on modern healthcare resources. this study aimed to assess the molecular characterization of c. difficile strains isolated from children under 5 years old suffered from nosocomial diarrhea. one hundred diarrheic and 130 non-diarrheic fecal samples were collected from pediatrics less than 5 years old. samples were cultured an ... | 2015 | 26543762 |
| neomycin and bacitracin reduce the intestinal permeability in mice and increase the expression of some tight-junction proteins. | tight-junction (tj) proteins regulate paracellular permeability. gut permeability can be modulated by commensal microbiota. manipulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotics like bacitracin and neomycin turned out to be useful for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by clostridium difficile or chemotherapy drugs. | 2015 | 26541656 |
| clostridium difficile infection and intestinal microbiota interactions. | clostridium difficile remains the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. aside from nosocomial c. difficile infection, the bacterium is also increasingly important as a community pathogen. furthermore, asymptomatic carriage of c. difficile in neonates, adults and animals is also well recognised. the investigation of the gut's microbial communities, in both healthy subjects and patients suffering c. difficile infection (cdi), provides findings ... | 2015 | 26549493 |
| [utility of a simultaneous detection kit for glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin a/b with toxigenic culture in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection]. | we examined how doctors evaluate the results of c. diff quik chek complete (complete) in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). a total of 887 stool samples submitted from 2012 to 2013 were examined with complete. requested specimens among samples with discrepant results were inoculated onto ccma plates and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 48 h, then retested by complete if positive culture results were obtained. of the 887 specimens, 198 (22.3%) were gluta ... | 2015 | 26548233 |
| evaluation of a clostridium difficile infection management policy with clinical pharmacy and medical microbiology involvement at a major canadian teaching hospital. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) represents a spectrum of disease and is a significant concern for healthcare institutions. our study objective was to assess whether implementation of a regional cdi management policy with clinical pharmacy and medical microbiology and infection control involvement would lead to an improvement in concordance in prescribing practices to an evidence-based cdi disease severity assessment and pharmacological treatment algorithm. | 2015 | 26547905 |
| small molecules take a big step against clostridium difficile. | effective treatment of clostridium difficile infections demands a shift away from antibiotics towards toxin-neutralizing agents. work by bender et al., using a drug that attenuates toxin action in vivo without affecting bacterial survival, demonstrates the exciting potential of small molecules as a new modality in the fight against c. difficile. | 2015 | 26547239 |
| susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates of varying antimicrobial resistance phenotypes to smt19969 and 11 comparators. | we determined the in vitro activity of smt19969 and 11 comparators, including metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin, against 107 c. difficile isolates of different antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. fidaxomicin and smt19969 were the most active. the fidaxomicin and smt19969 geometric mean mics were highest in ribotypes known to show multiple resistance. coresistance to linezolid and moxifloxacin was evident in ribotypes 001, 017, 027, and 356. the high-level ceftriaxone resistance in ribo ... | 2015 | 26552981 |
| cost analysis of hospitalized clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) causes heavy financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. as with all hospital-acquired infections, prolonged hospital stays are the main cost driver. previous cost studies only include hospital billing data and compare the length of stay in contrast to non-infected patients. to date, a survey of actual cost has not yet been conducted. | 2015 | 26550553 |
| bugs and guts: practical applications of probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders in children. | probiotics are foods or products that contain live microorganisms that benefit the host when administered. in this clinical review, we evaluate the literature associated with using probiotics in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, focusing specifically on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, clostridium difficile infection (cdi), colic, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional gastrointestinal diseases. meta-analysis of several randomized controlled trials have confi ... | 2015 | 26538058 |
| hospital-based clostridium difficile infection surveillance reveals high proportions of pcr ribotypes 027 and 176 in different areas of poland, 2011 to 2013. | as part of the european clostridium difficile infections (cdi) surveillance network (ecdis-net), which aims to build capacity for cdi surveillance in europe, we constructed a new network of hospital-based laboratories in poland. we performed a survey in 13 randomly selected hospital-laboratories in different sites of the country to determine their annual cdi incidence rates from 2011 to 2013. information on c. difficile laboratory diagnostic testing and indications for testing was also collected ... | 2015 | 26536049 |
| economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in australia. | 2015 | 26533526 | |
| the cost of treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients attending infectious disease clinics at four hospitals in sweden. | 2015 | 26533275 | |
| health-economic evaluation of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and epidemiology in england and merseyside. | 2015 | 26533270 | |
| healthcare associated infections. impact and costs of diagnosis and management of clostridium difficile infections (cdi). the experience of a university hospital in rome. | 2015 | 26532060 | |
| administration of defined microbiota is protective in a murine salmonella infection model. | salmonella typhimurium is a major cause of diarrhea and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and perturbations of the gut microbiota are known to increase susceptibility to enteric infections. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a microbial ecosystem therapeutic (met-1) consisting of 33 bacterial strains, isolated from human stool and previously used to cure patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, could also protect against s. typhimurium diseas ... | 2015 | 26531327 |
| diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of clostridium difficile in stool samples: a meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. more recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) has become readily available for the diagnosis of cdi, and many studies have investigated the usefulness of lamp for rapid and accurate diagnosis of cdi. however, the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp for cdi remains unclear. in this meta-analysis, our aim was to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp in detection of clostridium difficile ... | 2015 | 26528332 |
| acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. | infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides can present with an acute abdomen. the most common entities are ulcerative colitis, crohn disease, and clostridium difficile colitis. this article reviews the clinical and imaging findings of patients who present acutely with infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. the acute abdomen can be defined as the sudden onset (generally <24 hours) of severe localized or generalized abdominal pain that prompts the patient to seek immediate medical assistanc ... | 2015 | 26526437 |
| fluoroquinolone and macrolide exposure predict clostridium difficile infection with the highly fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant epidemic c. difficile strain bi/nap1/027. | antibiotics have been shown to influence the risk of infection with specific clostridium difficile strains as well as the risk of c. difficile infection (cdi). we performed a retrospective case-control study of patients infected with the epidemic bi/nap1/027 strain in a u.s. hospital following recognition of increased cdi severity and culture of stools positive by c. difficile toxin immunoassay. between 2005 and 2007, 72% (103/143) of patients with first-episode cdis were infected with the bi st ... | 2015 | 26525793 |
| clostridium difficile secreted pro-pro endopeptidase ppep-1 (zmp1/cd2830) modulates adhesion through cleavage of the collagen binding protein cd2831. | the clostridium difficile cd2830 gene product is a secreted metalloprotease, named pro-pro endopeptidase (ppep-1). ppep-1 cleaves c. difficile cell surface proteins (e.g. cd2831). here, we confirmed that ppep-1 has a unique preference for prolines surrounding the scissile bond. moreover, we show that it exhibits a high preference for an asparagine at the p2 position and hydrophobic residues at the p3 position. using a ppep-1 knockout c. difficile strain, we demonstrate that the removal of the co ... | 2015 | 26522134 |
| impact of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea on acute care length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission: a multicenter retrospective study of inpatients, 2009-2011. | the recent epidemiologic changes of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) have resulted in substantial economic burden to u.s. acute care hospitals. past studies evaluating cdad-attributable costs have been geographically and demographically limited. here, we describe cdad-attributable burden in inpatients, overall, and in vulnerable subpopulations from the premier hospital database, a large, diverse cohort with a wide range of high-risk subgroups. | 2015 | 26521932 |
| an assessment of the aga and ccfa quality indicators in a sample of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by activation of the mucosal immune system and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. management of ibd places a significant burden on the health care system because of the complexity of treatment, variability in patient outcomes, and chronic nature of the disease. | 2015 | 26521118 |
| analysis of norovirus outbreaks reveals the need for timely and extended microbiological testing. | norovirus outbreaks in hospitals remain a substantial threat despite many recommendations for prevention published recently. | 2015 | 26520593 |
| correction for zhang et al., toxin-mediated paracellular transport of antitoxin antibodies facilitates protection against clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26556881 | |
| inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the virulence of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most prevalent cause of health-care-associated infections. cdi-related health-care costs and deaths are both increasing annually on a global scale. c. difficile have been reported in food products in canada, europe, and the united states; however, the systematic transmission of c. difficile between humans and animals is yet to be understood. because of the limitations of current therapeutic options, there is a need for the development of new patient t ... | 2015 | 26556797 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in mice with vancomycin alone is as effective as treatment with vancomycin and metronidazole in combination. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea. treatment of c. difficile infection (cdi) depends on disease severity. a combination of vancomycin and metronidazole is often recommended in severe cases. the aim of this study was to examine, in a murine model of cdi, if mice treated with a combination of vancomycin and metronidazole had a better clinical outcome than mice treated with vancomycin or metronidazole alone. | 2015 | 26568840 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: current clinical efficacy and future prospects. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has gained mainstream attention with its remarkable efficacy in treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) when there are no other effective therapies. methods of selecting donors and routes of administration vary among studies, but there are now randomized controlled trials showing efficacy of fmt in treating rcdi. ongoing trials of fmt for other disease such as inflammatory bowel disease are underway; this therapy should not be used for the ... | 2015 | 26566371 |
| application of density gradient for the isolation of the fecal microbial stool component and the potential use thereof. | the idea of considering the gut microbiota as a virtual human organ has led to the concept of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), which has recently been extremely successful in the treatment of cases of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. administration of safe, viable, and representative fecal microbiota is crucial for fmt. to our knowledge, suitable techniques and systematic conditions for separating the fecal microbiota from stool samples have not been thoroughly investigated. in ... | 2015 | 26581409 |
| asymptomatic clostridium difficile colonization: epidemiology and clinical implications. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed over the past decades with the emergence of highly virulent strains. the role of asymptomatic c. difficile colonization as part of the clinical spectrum of cdi is complex because many risk factors are common to both disease and asymptomatic states. in this article, we review the role of asymptomatic c. difficile colonization in the progression to symptomatic cdi, describe the epidemiology of asymptomatic c. difficile colonizat ... | 2015 | 26573915 |
| neutralization of clostridium difficile toxin b mediated by engineered lactobacilli that produce single-domain antibodies. | clostridium difficile is the primary cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the western world. the major virulence factors of c. difficile are two exotoxins, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), which cause extensive colonic inflammation and epithelial damage manifested by episodes of diarrhea. in this study, we explored the basis for an oral antitoxin strategy based on engineered lactobacillus strains expressing tcdb-neutralizing antibody fragments in the gastrointestinal tract. va ... | 2015 | 26573738 |
| [diagnostic workup and therapy of infectious diarrhea. current standards]. | infectious diarrhea is very common; its severity ranges from uncomplicated, self-limiting courses to potentially life-threatening disease. a rapid diagnostic workup providing detailed information on the suspected pathogen should be performed only in patients at risk, analyzing one single stool sample for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and norovirus. in the presence of risk factors, such as a history of antibiotic exposure within the last 3 months, testing for clostridium difficile should b ... | 2015 | 26573083 |
| clarifying the management of clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26584845 | |
| quantitative lipoproteomics in clostridium difficile reveals a role for lipoproteins in sporulation. | bacterial lipoproteins are surface exposed, anchored to the membrane by s-diacylglyceryl modification of the n-terminal cysteine thiol. they play important roles in many essential cellular processes and in bacterial pathogenesis. for example, clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobe that causes severe gastrointestinal disease; however, its lipoproteome remains poorly characterized. here we describe the application of metabolic tagging with alkyne-tagged lipid analogs, in combination wit ... | 2015 | 26584780 |
| [recent antibiotic use in german acute care hospitals - from benchmarking to improved prescribing and quality care]. | in view of increasing rates of bacterial resistance and clostridium difficile infections efforts to enhance appropriate and intelligent antibiotic prescribing have become important. a prerequisite is the availability of reliable antibiotic use data. so far antibiotic consumption data in this country had only a very limited coverage of acute care hospitals. | 2015 | 26583825 |
| concomitant medical conditions and therapies preclude accurate classification of children with severe or severe complicated clostridium difficile infection. | severe and severe complicated clostridium difficile infections (scdi/sccdi) were retrospectively assessed in a pediatric cohort. underlying medical conditions and concomitant medical therapy preclude accurate classification of children with scdi/sccdi, using current cdi severity definitions. revised cdi definitions in children should focus on more objective, age-appropriate, and cdi-specific markers of severity. | 2015 | 26582882 |
| an intervention to reduce health care personnel hand contamination during care of patients with clostridium difficile infection. | in a quasi-experimental study, an educational intervention to improve the technique for personal protective equipment (ppe) removal in conjunction with disinfection of gloves before removal of ppe reduced acquisition of clostridium difficile spores on the hands of health care personnel caring for patients with c difficile infection. | 2015 | 26654239 |
| hydrogen peroxide vapor room disinfection and hand hygiene improvements reduce clostridium difficile infection, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase. | we report a statistically significant reduction in clostridium difficile infection (from 1.38 to 0.90 cases per 1,000 patient days), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (from 0.21 to 0.01 cases per 1,000 patient days), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (from 0.16 to 0.01 cases per 1,000 patient days) associated with the introduction of hydrogen peroxide vapor for terminal decontamination of patient rooms and improvements in hand hygiene compliance. | 2015 | 26654237 |
| association of clostridium difficile infection in hospital mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether clostridium difficile infection (cdi) contributed to hospital mortality and whether the correlation between intensive care units (icus) and surgical wards in hospital cdi risk still remain controversial. | 2015 | 26654234 |
| the role of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) testing assay in the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infections: a high sensitive screening test and an essential step in the proposed laboratory diagnosis workflow for developing countries like china. | the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in north america and europe has increased significantly since the 2000s. however, cdi is not widely recognized in china and other developing countries due to limited laboratory diagnostic capacity and low awareness. most published studies on laboratory workflows for cdi diagnosis are from developed countries, and thus may not be suitable for most developing countries. therefore, an alternative strategy for developing countries i ... | 2015 | 26659011 |
| probiotics in digestive diseases: focus on lactobacillus gg. | probiotics are becoming increasingly important in basic and clinical research, but they are also a subject of considerable economic interest due to their expanding popularity. they are live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. from this very well-known definition, it is clear that, unlike drugs, probiotics might be useful in healthy subjects to reduce the risk of developing certain diseases or to optimise some physiological functions. ... | 2015 | 26657927 |
| implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program targeting residents with urinary tract infections in three community long-term care facilities: a quasi-experimental study using time-series analysis. | asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly commonly results in antibiotic administration and, in turn, contributes to antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug events, and increased costs. this is a major problem in the long-term care facility (ltcf) setting, where residents frequently transition to and from the acute-care setting, often transporting drug-resistant organisms across the continuum of care. the goal of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship pro ... | 2015 | 26634119 |
| the effect of lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the incidence of clostridium difficile infection in high risk patients treated with antibiotics. | lactobacillus plantarum 299v (lp299v) has been used in order to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms during antibiotic exposure. however, it remains controversial whether or not probiotics are effective in the prevention of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) among patients receiving antibiotics. the aim of this study was to analyze the cdi among patients receiving antibiotics and hospitalized in the period before and after starting routine use of lp299v as a prevention of this infection. | 2015 | 26690209 |
| [microbiological diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection]. | the clinical microbiology laboratory plays an essential role in the management of clostri- dium difficile infections, showing an increase in frequency and severity. many tests (culture, eia, pcr), detecting bacteria or their antigens, toxin genes or free toxins, allow the microbio- logist to provide the clinician and the infection control specialist with a reliable diagnosis as- sistance, which meet essential criteria for ra- pidity, sensitivity and specificity. this review presents the diagnost ... | 2015 | 26638514 |
| clostridium difficile infections among adults and children in mwanza/tanzania: is it an underappreciated pathogen among immunocompromised patients in sub-saharan africa? | little is known regarding the epidemiology clostridium difficile in developing countries. fresh stool samples from patients with diarrhoea were cultured anaerobically. c. difficile was detected in nine (6.4%) of 141 (95% confidence interval 4.2-13.1), of which seven (77.8%) were from children. hiv infection, prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic use were independent factors associated with the occurrence of c. difficile in the gastrointestinal tract. two of the toxigenic isolates were typed a ... | 2015 | 26649183 |
| reexamining the germination phenotypes of several clostridium difficile strains suggests another role for the cspc germinant receptor. | clostridium difficile spore germination is essential for colonization and disease. the signals that initiate c. difficile spore germination are a combination of taurocholic acid (a bile acid) and glycine. interestingly, the chenodeoxycholic acid class (cdca) bile acids competitively inhibit taurocholic acid-mediated germination, suggesting that compounds that inhibit spore germination could be developed into drugs that prophylactically prevent c. difficile infection or reduce recurring disease. ... | 2015 | 26668265 |
| diagnostic yield of routine enteropathogenic stool tests in pediatric ulcerative colitis. | it can be important to exclude infectious etiologies prior to adjusting immunosuppressive therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) exacerbation. we sought to determine the diagnostic yield of routine infectious stool studies in pediatric uc patients. | 2015 | 26663793 |
| effectiveness of probiotic in preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and/or clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injury: a protocol of systematic review of randomised controlled trials. | probiotics may prevent antibiotic-associated and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (aad/cdad). many spinal cord injury centre (scic) practitioners consider probiotics generically and may not realise that efficacy can be strain-, dose- and disease-specific. in order to confirm these effects and fully evaluate the extent of probiotic effectiveness in these patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis is indicated. | 2015 | 26596269 |
| cost-effectiveness in clostridium difficile treatment decision-making. | to develop a framework for the clinical and health economic assessment for management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 26601096 |
| regulation of type iv pili contributes to surface behaviors of historical and epidemic strains of clostridium difficile. | the intestinal pathogen clostridium difficile is an urgent public health threat that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a leading cause of fatal nosocomial infections in the united states. c. difficile rates of recurrence and mortality have increased in recent years due to the emergence of so-called "hypervirulent" epidemic strains. a great deal of the basic biology of c. difficile has not been characterized. recent findings that flagellar motility, toxin synthesis, and type iv pilus ( ... | 2015 | 26598364 |
| making a case for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs. | although antimicrobials are commonly used in children, it is important to remember that they can have a profound impact on this unique patient population. inadvertent consequences of antiinfective use in children include antimicrobial resistance, infection caused by clostridium difficile, increased risk of obesity, and adverse drug events. in addition, compared with adults, children have different dosing requirements, antimicrobial formulation needs, pharmacokinetics, and antimicrobial susceptib ... | 2015 | 26598095 |
| probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant for primary and secondary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. the use of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been studied to reduce the incidence and severity of this infection, but variable efficacy and safety data have been reported. probiotics are hypothesized to be effective in the management of cdi through a number of mechanisms that include maintenance of normal gastrointestinal flora, anti ... | 2015 | 26598094 |
| economic burden of clostridium difficile in five hospitals of the florence health care system in italy. | despite the awareness about the increasing rates of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and the economic burden arising from its management (prolonged hospitalization, laboratory tests, visits, surgical treatment, environmental sanitation), few studies are available in italy on the economic costs directly attributable to the cdi. the florence health care system has designed a study with the aim of describing the costs attributable to the cdi and defines the incremental economic burden associat ... | 2015 | 26604846 |
| memory of germinant stimuli in bacterial spores. | bacterial spores, despite being metabolically dormant, possess the remarkable capacity to detect nutrients and other molecules in their environment through a biochemical sensory apparatus that can trigger spore germination, allowing the return to vegetative growth within minutes of exposure of germinants. we demonstrate here that bacterial spores of multiple species retain memory of transient exposures to germinant stimuli that can result in altered responses to subsequent exposure. the magnitud ... | 2015 | 26604257 |
| the aged gut in inflammatory bowel diseases. | senescence is accompanied by various anatomical and functional alterations starting from mastication and deglutition and consequent modifications of nutrition. in addition, the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aged subjects weakens the gastric barrier, thus contributing to easier entry of microbes into the gastrointestinal tract. the microbiota of the elderly is less stable than that of younger adults, therefore, gut dysbiosis is more frequent ... | 2015 | 26603728 |
| binding and entry of clostridium difficile toxin b is mediated by multiple domains. | clostridium difficile is responsible for a number of serious gastrointestinal diseases caused primarily by two exotoxins, tcda and tcdb. these toxins enter host cells by binding unique receptors, at least partially via their combined repetitive oligopeptides (crops) domains. our study investigated structural determinants necessary for binding and entry of tcdb. deletion analyses identified tcdb residues 1372-1493 as essential for cytotoxicity in three cell lines. consistent with this observation ... | 2015 | 26602083 |