Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| effectiveness of probiotic in preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and/or clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injury: a protocol of systematic review of randomised controlled trials. | probiotics may prevent antibiotic-associated and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (aad/cdad). many spinal cord injury centre (scic) practitioners consider probiotics generically and may not realise that efficacy can be strain-, dose- and disease-specific. in order to confirm these effects and fully evaluate the extent of probiotic effectiveness in these patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis is indicated. | 2015 | 26596269 |
| clarifying the management of clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26584845 | |
| quantitative lipoproteomics in clostridium difficile reveals a role for lipoproteins in sporulation. | bacterial lipoproteins are surface exposed, anchored to the membrane by s-diacylglyceryl modification of the n-terminal cysteine thiol. they play important roles in many essential cellular processes and in bacterial pathogenesis. for example, clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobe that causes severe gastrointestinal disease; however, its lipoproteome remains poorly characterized. here we describe the application of metabolic tagging with alkyne-tagged lipid analogs, in combination wit ... | 2015 | 26584780 |
| [recent antibiotic use in german acute care hospitals - from benchmarking to improved prescribing and quality care]. | in view of increasing rates of bacterial resistance and clostridium difficile infections efforts to enhance appropriate and intelligent antibiotic prescribing have become important. a prerequisite is the availability of reliable antibiotic use data. so far antibiotic consumption data in this country had only a very limited coverage of acute care hospitals. | 2015 | 26583825 |
| concomitant medical conditions and therapies preclude accurate classification of children with severe or severe complicated clostridium difficile infection. | severe and severe complicated clostridium difficile infections (scdi/sccdi) were retrospectively assessed in a pediatric cohort. underlying medical conditions and concomitant medical therapy preclude accurate classification of children with scdi/sccdi, using current cdi severity definitions. revised cdi definitions in children should focus on more objective, age-appropriate, and cdi-specific markers of severity. | 2015 | 26582882 |
| regulation of type iv pili contributes to surface behaviors of historical and epidemic strains of clostridium difficile. | the intestinal pathogen clostridium difficile is an urgent public health threat that causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a leading cause of fatal nosocomial infections in the united states. c. difficile rates of recurrence and mortality have increased in recent years due to the emergence of so-called "hypervirulent" epidemic strains. a great deal of the basic biology of c. difficile has not been characterized. recent findings that flagellar motility, toxin synthesis, and type iv pilus ( ... | 2015 | 26598364 |
| making a case for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs. | although antimicrobials are commonly used in children, it is important to remember that they can have a profound impact on this unique patient population. inadvertent consequences of antiinfective use in children include antimicrobial resistance, infection caused by clostridium difficile, increased risk of obesity, and adverse drug events. in addition, compared with adults, children have different dosing requirements, antimicrobial formulation needs, pharmacokinetics, and antimicrobial susceptib ... | 2015 | 26598095 |
| probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant for primary and secondary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. the use of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been studied to reduce the incidence and severity of this infection, but variable efficacy and safety data have been reported. probiotics are hypothesized to be effective in the management of cdi through a number of mechanisms that include maintenance of normal gastrointestinal flora, anti ... | 2015 | 26598094 |
| cost-effectiveness in clostridium difficile treatment decision-making. | to develop a framework for the clinical and health economic assessment for management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 26601096 |
| amoebiasis masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease. | a 60-year-old japanese man presented with bloody diarrhoea. he stated that he had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (uc) 3 years prior, but discontinued follow-up care as treatment was ineffective. one year later, he came to our hospital with anorexia and weight loss. the abdomen was soft and flat without tenderness. laboratory tests were unremarkable; faecal culture and clostridium difficile toxin were negative. findings and biopsy from a subsequent colonoscopy reconfirmed his diagnosis of ... | 2015 | 26607188 |
| implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program targeting residents with urinary tract infections in three community long-term care facilities: a quasi-experimental study using time-series analysis. | asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly commonly results in antibiotic administration and, in turn, contributes to antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug events, and increased costs. this is a major problem in the long-term care facility (ltcf) setting, where residents frequently transition to and from the acute-care setting, often transporting drug-resistant organisms across the continuum of care. the goal of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship pro ... | 2015 | 26634119 |
| the role of rho gtpases in toxicity of clostridium difficile toxins. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevailing in hospital settings. in the past decade, the morbidity and mortality of c. difficile infection (cdi) has increased significantly due to the emergence of hypervirulent strains. toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), the two exotoxins of c. difficile, are the major virulence factors of cdi. the common mode of action of tcda and tcdb is elicited by specific glucosylation of rho-gtpase proteins in the ho ... | 2015 | 26633511 |
| [clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in children]. | clostridium difficile is the most commonly isolated organism in antimicrobial and health care-associated diarrhea and is growing in relevance in community-acquired infections. it is a gram-positive bacillus acquired via the fecal-oral route in the community and in hospital setting. | 2015 | 26633112 |
| [clinic and epidemiologic description of clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric population]. | clostridium difficile (cuj-associated disease (cdad) and the role of the hypervirulent strain nap1 have not been well characterized in pediatrics. | 2015 | 26633108 |
| good's syndrome patients hospitalized for infections: a single-center retrospective study. | good's syndrome (gs) is a rare combination of thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, resulting in immunodeficiency. patients with gs are highly susceptible to bacterial infection, particularly encapsulated bacterial infection in upper and lower respiratory tracts. good's syndrome patients with moderate-to- severe infection are often hospitalized. clinical features of gs patients remain to be characterized.patients with the discharge diagnosis of gs and simultaneous infection from peking union medica ... | 2015 | 26632723 |
| [clinical characteristics of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: a report of two cases and a review of 32 japanese cases in the literature]. | metronidazole is an antibiotic classically used against most anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. because an intravenous form of metronidazole has recently entered the market, the use of this antibiotic is attracting renewed interest in many clinical settings in japan. however, neurotoxicity is a major adverse event: in the central nervous system metronidazole-induced encephalopathy is a rare but serious condition. we performed a literature review of 34 cases including 2 of our cases, 25 from domest ... | 2015 | 26630786 |
| [microbiological diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection]. | the clinical microbiology laboratory plays an essential role in the management of clostri- dium difficile infections, showing an increase in frequency and severity. many tests (culture, eia, pcr), detecting bacteria or their antigens, toxin genes or free toxins, allow the microbio- logist to provide the clinician and the infection control specialist with a reliable diagnosis as- sistance, which meet essential criteria for ra- pidity, sensitivity and specificity. this review presents the diagnost ... | 2015 | 26638514 |
| clostridium difficile infections among adults and children in mwanza/tanzania: is it an underappreciated pathogen among immunocompromised patients in sub-saharan africa? | little is known regarding the epidemiology clostridium difficile in developing countries. fresh stool samples from patients with diarrhoea were cultured anaerobically. c. difficile was detected in nine (6.4%) of 141 (95% confidence interval 4.2-13.1), of which seven (77.8%) were from children. hiv infection, prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic use were independent factors associated with the occurrence of c. difficile in the gastrointestinal tract. two of the toxigenic isolates were typed a ... | 2015 | 26649183 |
| economic burden of clostridium difficile in five hospitals of the florence health care system in italy. | despite the awareness about the increasing rates of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and the economic burden arising from its management (prolonged hospitalization, laboratory tests, visits, surgical treatment, environmental sanitation), few studies are available in italy on the economic costs directly attributable to the cdi. the florence health care system has designed a study with the aim of describing the costs attributable to the cdi and defines the incremental economic burden associat ... | 2015 | 26604846 |
| memory of germinant stimuli in bacterial spores. | bacterial spores, despite being metabolically dormant, possess the remarkable capacity to detect nutrients and other molecules in their environment through a biochemical sensory apparatus that can trigger spore germination, allowing the return to vegetative growth within minutes of exposure of germinants. we demonstrate here that bacterial spores of multiple species retain memory of transient exposures to germinant stimuli that can result in altered responses to subsequent exposure. the magnitud ... | 2015 | 26604257 |
| the aged gut in inflammatory bowel diseases. | senescence is accompanied by various anatomical and functional alterations starting from mastication and deglutition and consequent modifications of nutrition. in addition, the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aged subjects weakens the gastric barrier, thus contributing to easier entry of microbes into the gastrointestinal tract. the microbiota of the elderly is less stable than that of younger adults, therefore, gut dysbiosis is more frequent ... | 2015 | 26603728 |
| binding and entry of clostridium difficile toxin b is mediated by multiple domains. | clostridium difficile is responsible for a number of serious gastrointestinal diseases caused primarily by two exotoxins, tcda and tcdb. these toxins enter host cells by binding unique receptors, at least partially via their combined repetitive oligopeptides (crops) domains. our study investigated structural determinants necessary for binding and entry of tcdb. deletion analyses identified tcdb residues 1372-1493 as essential for cytotoxicity in three cell lines. consistent with this observation ... | 2015 | 26602083 |
| the first report of a previously undescribed ebv-negative nk-cell lymphoma of the gi tract presenting as chronic diarrhoea with eosinophilia. | a 74-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of watery diarrhoea. his complete blood count showed lymphopaenia and marked eosinophilia. investigations for common infectious causes including clostridium difficile toxin, stool culture, ova and parasites were negative. endoscopy revealed extensive colitis and a ct of the abdomen identified numerous large abdominal lymph nodes suspicious for lymphoma. multiple tissue samples were obtained; colon, mesenteric lymph node and bone marrow biopsy, a ... | 2015 | 26611482 |
| the challenge of clostridium difficile infection: overview of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. | the most important infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis is clostridium difficile, which is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, toxin-producing bacillus. in this overview we will discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients presenting with suspected or proven c. difficile infection (cdi). the clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic c. difficile carriers to fulminant colitis with multi-organ failure. the onset of symptoms is usually within 2 we ... | 2015 | 26612229 |
| follow-up of pseudomembranous colitis in children using colonoscopy: a case report. | pseudomembranous colitis (pmc) occurs mainly in adults and is believed to be caused almost exclusively by toxins produced by clostridium difficile. colonoscopy found that pmc occurs mainly in the colon, sigmoid colon and rectum in up to 80% ~ 100% of cases. colonoscopy is simple and fast. it has the significance of making a definite diagnosis and can be used as the main examination method of diagnosis. reports of children suffering from pmc are rare. herein, we report a case of pmc in a child. t ... | 2015 | 26624602 |
| a review of clostridium difficile infection at the university hospital of the west indies, jamaica. | this study examined the frequency of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among hospital admission and diarrhoeal stool samples over a six-year period. | 2015 | 26624597 |
| the or environment--hand hygiene, cleaning, and clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26616318 | |
| fecal transplantation successfully treats recurrent d-lactic acidosis in a child with short bowel syndrome. | d-lactic acidosis can occur in patients with short bowel syndrome (sbs) when excessive malabsorbed carbohydrate (cho) enters the colon and is metabolized by colonic bacteria to d-lactate. d-lactate can be absorbed systemically, and increased serum levels are associated with central nervous system toxicity manifested by confusion, ataxia, and slurred speech. current therapy, usually directed toward suppressing intestinal bacterial overgrowth and limiting ingested cho, is not always successful. fe ... | 2015 | 26616138 |
| mortality benefits of antibiotic computerised decision support system: modifying effects of age. | antibiotic computerised decision support systems (cdsss) are shown to improve antibiotic prescribing, but evidence of beneficial patient outcomes is limited. we conducted a prospective cohort study in a 1500-bed tertiary-care hospital in singapore, to evaluate the effectiveness of the hospital's antibiotic cdss on patients' clinical outcomes, and the modification of these effects by patient factors. to account for clustering, we used multilevel logistic regression models. one-quarter of 1886 eli ... | 2015 | 26617195 |
| obesity is independently associated with infection in hospitalised patients with end-stage liver disease. | infection is the most common cause of mortality in end-stage liver disease (esld). the impact of obesity on infection risk in esld is not established. | 2015 | 26510540 |
| association between outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices and community-associated clostridium difficile infection. | background. antibiotic use predisposes patients to clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and approximately 32% of these infections are community-associated (ca) cdi. the population-level impact of antibiotic use on adult ca-cdi rates is not well described. methods. we used 2011 active population- and laboratory-based surveillance data from 9 us geographic locations to identify adult ca-cdi cases, defined as c difficile-positive stool specimens (by toxin or molecular assay) collected from out ... | 2015 | 26509182 |
| differential outcome of an antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback program in two intensive care units: a controlled interrupted time series study. | antimicrobial decision making in intensive care units (icus) is challenging. unnecessary antimicrobials contribute to the development of resistant pathogens, clostridium difficile infection and drug related adverse events. however, inadequate antimicrobial therapy is associated with mortality in critically ill patients. antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly being implemented to improve antimicrobial prescribing, but the optimal approach in the icu setting is unknown. we assessed th ... | 2015 | 26511839 |
| hiv-related opportunistic infections are still relevant in 2015. | the incidence of hiv-related opportunistic infections (ois) has declined in the united states with the increasing use of effective antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hiv infection. however, the absolute number of patients with ois remains high and there continues to be considerable associated mortality. oi guidelines from the national institutes of health, centers for disease control and prevention, and infectious diseases society of america continue to be updated on a regular basis, se ... | 2015 | 26518395 |
| oral teicoplanin for successful treatment of severe refractory clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. there is no defined protocol for treating severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi) refractory to vancomycin or vancomycin and metronidazole combination therapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of clinical cure, time to resolution of diarrhoea and recurrence rate in patients with severe refractory cdi treated with oral teicoplanin. | 2015 | 26517480 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in mice with vancomycin alone is as effective as treatment with vancomycin and metronidazole in combination. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea. treatment of c. difficile infection (cdi) depends on disease severity. a combination of vancomycin and metronidazole is often recommended in severe cases. the aim of this study was to examine, in a murine model of cdi, if mice treated with a combination of vancomycin and metronidazole had a better clinical outcome than mice treated with vancomycin or metronidazole alone. | 2015 | 26568840 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: current clinical efficacy and future prospects. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has gained mainstream attention with its remarkable efficacy in treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) when there are no other effective therapies. methods of selecting donors and routes of administration vary among studies, but there are now randomized controlled trials showing efficacy of fmt in treating rcdi. ongoing trials of fmt for other disease such as inflammatory bowel disease are underway; this therapy should not be used for the ... | 2015 | 26566371 |
| investigation of clostridium difficile interspecies relatedness using multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst), multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed on 37 animal and human c. difficile isolates belonging to 15 different pcr-ribotypes in order to investigate the relatedness of human and animal isolates and to identify possible transmission routes. mlva identified a total of 21 different types while mlst only distinguished 12 types. identical c. difficile strains were detected in the same animal species fo ... | 2015 | 26545846 |
| molecular characterization of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection in pediatric ward in iran. | clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. it is a significant financial burden on modern healthcare resources. this study aimed to assess the molecular characterization of c. difficile strains isolated from children under 5 years old suffered from nosocomial diarrhea. one hundred diarrheic and 130 non-diarrheic fecal samples were collected from pediatrics less than 5 years old. samples were cultured an ... | 2015 | 26543762 |
| neomycin and bacitracin reduce the intestinal permeability in mice and increase the expression of some tight-junction proteins. | tight-junction (tj) proteins regulate paracellular permeability. gut permeability can be modulated by commensal microbiota. manipulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotics like bacitracin and neomycin turned out to be useful for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by clostridium difficile or chemotherapy drugs. | 2015 | 26541656 |
| bugs and guts: practical applications of probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders in children. | probiotics are foods or products that contain live microorganisms that benefit the host when administered. in this clinical review, we evaluate the literature associated with using probiotics in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, focusing specifically on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, clostridium difficile infection (cdi), colic, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional gastrointestinal diseases. meta-analysis of several randomized controlled trials have confi ... | 2015 | 26538058 |
| hospital-based clostridium difficile infection surveillance reveals high proportions of pcr ribotypes 027 and 176 in different areas of poland, 2011 to 2013. | as part of the european clostridium difficile infections (cdi) surveillance network (ecdis-net), which aims to build capacity for cdi surveillance in europe, we constructed a new network of hospital-based laboratories in poland. we performed a survey in 13 randomly selected hospital-laboratories in different sites of the country to determine their annual cdi incidence rates from 2011 to 2013. information on c. difficile laboratory diagnostic testing and indications for testing was also collected ... | 2015 | 26536049 |
| economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in australia. | 2015 | 26533526 | |
| the cost of treating recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients attending infectious disease clinics at four hospitals in sweden. | 2015 | 26533275 | |
| health-economic evaluation of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and epidemiology in england and merseyside. | 2015 | 26533270 | |
| healthcare associated infections. impact and costs of diagnosis and management of clostridium difficile infections (cdi). the experience of a university hospital in rome. | 2015 | 26532060 | |
| administration of defined microbiota is protective in a murine salmonella infection model. | salmonella typhimurium is a major cause of diarrhea and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and perturbations of the gut microbiota are known to increase susceptibility to enteric infections. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a microbial ecosystem therapeutic (met-1) consisting of 33 bacterial strains, isolated from human stool and previously used to cure patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, could also protect against s. typhimurium diseas ... | 2015 | 26531327 |
| diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in detection of clostridium difficile in stool samples: a meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. more recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) has become readily available for the diagnosis of cdi, and many studies have investigated the usefulness of lamp for rapid and accurate diagnosis of cdi. however, the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp for cdi remains unclear. in this meta-analysis, our aim was to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of lamp in detection of clostridium difficile ... | 2015 | 26528332 |
| acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. | infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides can present with an acute abdomen. the most common entities are ulcerative colitis, crohn disease, and clostridium difficile colitis. this article reviews the clinical and imaging findings of patients who present acutely with infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides. the acute abdomen can be defined as the sudden onset (generally <24 hours) of severe localized or generalized abdominal pain that prompts the patient to seek immediate medical assistanc ... | 2015 | 26526437 |
| fluoroquinolone and macrolide exposure predict clostridium difficile infection with the highly fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant epidemic c. difficile strain bi/nap1/027. | antibiotics have been shown to influence the risk of infection with specific clostridium difficile strains as well as the risk of c. difficile infection (cdi). we performed a retrospective case-control study of patients infected with the epidemic bi/nap1/027 strain in a u.s. hospital following recognition of increased cdi severity and culture of stools positive by c. difficile toxin immunoassay. between 2005 and 2007, 72% (103/143) of patients with first-episode cdis were infected with the bi st ... | 2015 | 26525793 |
| clostridium difficile secreted pro-pro endopeptidase ppep-1 (zmp1/cd2830) modulates adhesion through cleavage of the collagen binding protein cd2831. | the clostridium difficile cd2830 gene product is a secreted metalloprotease, named pro-pro endopeptidase (ppep-1). ppep-1 cleaves c. difficile cell surface proteins (e.g. cd2831). here, we confirmed that ppep-1 has a unique preference for prolines surrounding the scissile bond. moreover, we show that it exhibits a high preference for an asparagine at the p2 position and hydrophobic residues at the p3 position. using a ppep-1 knockout c. difficile strain, we demonstrate that the removal of the co ... | 2015 | 26522134 |
| impact of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea on acute care length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission: a multicenter retrospective study of inpatients, 2009-2011. | the recent epidemiologic changes of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) have resulted in substantial economic burden to u.s. acute care hospitals. past studies evaluating cdad-attributable costs have been geographically and demographically limited. here, we describe cdad-attributable burden in inpatients, overall, and in vulnerable subpopulations from the premier hospital database, a large, diverse cohort with a wide range of high-risk subgroups. | 2015 | 26521932 |
| an assessment of the aga and ccfa quality indicators in a sample of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by activation of the mucosal immune system and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. management of ibd places a significant burden on the health care system because of the complexity of treatment, variability in patient outcomes, and chronic nature of the disease. | 2015 | 26521118 |
| analysis of norovirus outbreaks reveals the need for timely and extended microbiological testing. | norovirus outbreaks in hospitals remain a substantial threat despite many recommendations for prevention published recently. | 2015 | 26520593 |
| hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a considerable health issue in the united states and represents the most common healthcare-associated infection. solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of cdi, which can affect both graft and patient survival. however, little is known about the impact of cdi on health services utilization posttransplantation. we examined hospital-onset cdi from 2012 to 2014 among transplant recipients in the university healthsystem consortium, which inclu ... | 2015 | 26484839 |
| from the hospital to the home--the rise and rise of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has emerged as a serious worldwide public health threat. although c. difficile has always been a cause of diarrhoeal disease in patients presenting to general practice, the rates of community-associated cdi (ca cdi) have increased. | 2015 | 26484484 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors for community-acquired clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective, case-control study in a tertiary care hospital in japan. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed in the past decade. the incidence, prevalence, and severity of community-acquired cdi (ca-cdi) have increased. however, the epidemiology of ca-cdi in japan has not been investigated. to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for ca-cdi in japan, we conducted a retrospective, case-control study of ca-cdi at the national hospital organization tokyo medical center between january 2010 and december 2014. two age- a ... | 2015 | 26482373 |
| risk factors and outcomes for bloodstream infections secondary to clostridium difficile infection. | we determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of bloodstream infections (bsi) subsequent to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we performed a retrospective study of all patients with definite diagnosis of cdi admitted from january 2014 to december 2014 in two large hospitals in rome. two groups of patients were analyzed: those with cdi and subsequent bsi (cdi/bsi(+)) and those with cdi and no evidence of primary bsi (cdi/bsi(-)). data about clinical features, microbiology, treatmen ... | 2015 | 26482315 |
| gastroenterologist perceptions of faecal microbiota transplantation. | to explore gastroenterologist perceptions towards and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). | 2015 | 26478682 |
| [the hunt for the toxicant from clostridium difficile]. | 2015 | 26485133 | |
| cadazolid does not promote intestinal colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in mice. | the promotion of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is one potential side effect during treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), resulting from disturbances in gut microbiota. cadazolid (cdz) is an investigational antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against c. difficile and against vre and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of cdad. we report that cdz treatment did not lead to intestinal vre overgrowth in mice. | 2015 | 26503650 |
| multimorbidity in elderly hospitalised patients and risk of clostridium difficile infection: a retrospective study with the cumulative illness rating scale (cirs). | to identify the role of chronic comorbidities, considered together in a literature-validated index (cumulative illness rating scale, cirs), and antibiotic or proton-pump inhibitor (ppi) treatments as risk factors for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly multimorbid hospitalised patients. | 2015 | 26503394 |
| memory b cells encode neutralizing antibody specific for toxin b from the clostridium difficile strains vpi 10463 and nap1/bi/027 but with superior neutralization of vpi 10463 toxin b. | secreted toxin b (tcdb) substantially contributes to the pathology observed during clostridium difficile infection. to be successfully incorporated into a vaccine, tcdb-based immunogens must stimulate the production of neutralizing antibody (ab)-encoding memory b cells (bmem cells). despite numerous investigations, a clear analysis of bmem cellular responses following vaccination against tcdb is lacking. b6 mice were therefore used to test the ability of a nontoxigenic c-terminal domain (ctd) fr ... | 2015 | 26502913 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels are not associated with adverse outcomes in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant source of healthcare-associated morbidity and mortality. this study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d is associated with adverse outcomes from cdi. patients with cdi were prospectively enrolled. charts were reviewed and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d was measured. the primary outcome was a composite definition of severe disease: fever (temperature >38°c), acute organ dysfunction, or serum white blood cell count >15,000 cells/µl withi ... | 2015 | 26500740 |
| decreasing clostridium difficile health care-associated infections through use of a launderable mattress cover. | the annual incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the united states is estimated to be 330,000 cases. we evaluated the impact of using a launderable mattress and bed deck cover on the incidence of hospital-onset cdi in 2 long-term acute care hospitals (ltachs). | 2015 | 26498703 |
| identification of a novel lipoprotein regulator of clostridium difficile spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. c. difficile infections are transmitted when ingested spores germinate in the gastrointestinal tract and transform into vegetative cells. germination begins when the germinant receptor cspc detects bile salts in the gut. cspc is a subtilisin-like serine pseudoprotease that activates the related cspb serine protease through an unknown mechanism. activated cspb cleaves the pro-slec zymogen, ... | 2015 | 26496694 |
| use of probiotics in pediatric infectious diseases. | we summarize current evidence and recommendations for the use of probiotics in childhood infectious diseases. probiotics may be of benefit in treating acute infectious diarrhea and reducing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. potential benefits of probiotic on prevention of traveler's diarrhea,clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, side effects of triple therapy in helicobacter pylori eradication, necrotizing enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and recurrent urinary tract ... | 2015 | 26496433 |
| a rare cause of reversible renal hemosiderosis. | kidney failure secondary to renal hemosiderosis has been reported in diseases with intravascular hemolysis, like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and valvular heart diseases. we present here a case of hemosiderin induced acute tubular necrosis secondary to intravascular hemolysis from clostridium difficile infection with possible role of supratherapeutic inr. we discuss the pathophysiology, causes, and prognosis of acute tubular injury from hemosiderosis. | 2015 | 26491580 |
| evaluation of a bedside scoring system for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections. | the accuracy of a bedside scoring system, atlas, for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) was evaluated. | 2015 | 26490821 |
| scientific evidence for the use of current traditional systemic therapies in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. | traditional systemic therapies are frequently prescribed for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (hs). clinicians consider antibiotics, retinoids, antiandrogens, immunosuppressants, and less common treatment, such as fumarates, in the management of hs. different classes of medications have been selected to treat hs based on their ability to target various pathways of the condition. concerns about infection, such as infection with clostridium difficile, necessitates switching therapy or sho ... | 2015 | 26470615 |
| a gut odyssey: the impact of the microbiota on clostridium difficile spore formation and germination. | 2015 | 26468647 | |
| the effect of polydextrose and probiotic lactobacilli in a clostridium difficile-infected human colonic model. | clostridium difficile is a natural resident of the intestinal microbiota; however, it becomes harmful when the normal intestinal microbiota is disrupted, and overgrowth and toxin production occurs. the toxins can cause bloating and diarrhoea, which may cause severe disease and have the potential to cause outbreaks in hospitals and other healthcare settings. normally, antibiotic agents are used for treatment, although for some of the patients, these treatments provide only a temporary relief with ... | 2015 | 26468159 |
| clostridium difficile screening in cirrhosis: one for all, or some for one? | 2015 | 26467702 | |
| [the most common acute gastrointestinal infections]. | acute gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea with vomiting as its main presentation are a frequently encountered entity in an outpatient setting. due to a mostly self-limiting disease course a diagnostic work-up is often futile. viral infections caused by noro- or rotavirus are most frequent, while bacterial infections are second line due to high hygienic standards in developed countries. in an inpatient setting and after a precedent antibiotic treatment one should think of clostridium diffici ... | 2015 | 26463905 |
| effects of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists on response to fidaxomicin or vancomycin in patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. | it has been established that use of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) is associated with an increased risk of acquiring clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad). however, it is not known whether the use of ppis or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (h2ras) concurrently with cdad-targeted antibiotic treatment affects clinical response or recurrence rates. | 2015 | 26462279 |
| the non-toxigenic clostridium difficile cd37 protects mice against infection with a bi/nap1/027 type of c. difficile strain. | clostridium difficile cd37, a clinical isolate from the usa, does not produce toxin a, b or binary toxin. the aim of this study was to determine whether strain cd37 can protect mice against infection from a challenge with a toxigenic c. difficile strain. three groups of mice (n = 10) were pretreated with a antibiotics cocktail for 5 days, switched to sterile water for 2 days, and given one dose of clindamycin (10 mg/kg) one day (day-1) before challenge (day 0) with a toxigenic c. difficile strai ... | 2015 | 26461425 |
| preparation and preliminary application of monoclonal antibodies to the receptor binding region of clostridium difficile toxin b. | a previous nationwide chinese epidemiological study revealed through isolation of a‑b+ clostridium difficile strains, which produce toxin b (tcdb), but not toxin a tcda, that the strains are widespread and more frequent in east asian countries,. the development of a process capable of detecting tcdb is required in microbiological laboratories in order to facilitate the control of the a‑b+ c. difficile strains, however, no diagnostic reagents have been developed to date. the aim of the present st ... | 2015 | 26459027 |
| microbiome as mediator: do systemic infections start in the gut? | the intestinal microbiome is emerging as a crucial mediator between external insults and systemic infections. new research suggests that our intestinal microorganisms contribute to critical illness and the development of non-gastrointestinal infectious diseases. common pathways include a loss of fecal intestinal bacterial diversity and a disproportionate increase in toxogenic bacterial species. therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiome - primarily probiotics - have yielded limited resul ... | 2015 | 26457009 |
| a potential cellular explanation for the increased risk of clostridium difficile infection due to hypoalbuminemia: reply di bella et al. | 2015 | 26456896 | |
| the protective role of albumin in clostridium difficile infection: a step toward solving the puzzle. | 2015 | 26456662 | |
| complete genome sequence of the clostridium difficile type strain dsm 1296t. | in this study, we sequenced the complete genome of the clostridium difficile type strain dsm 1296(t). a combination of single-molecule real-time (smrt) and illumina sequencing technology revealed the presence of one chromosome and two extrachromosomal elements, the bacteriophage phicdif1296t and a putative plasmid-like structure harboring genes of another bacteriophage. | 2015 | 26450746 |
| identification of population at risk for future clostridium difficile infection following hospital discharge to be targeted for vaccine trials. | efforts to develop a clostridium difficile vaccine are underway; identification of patients at risk for c. difficile infection (cdi) is critical to inform vaccine trials. we identified groups at high risk of cdi ≥ 2 8 days after hospital discharge. | 2015 | 26450660 |
| [campylobacteriosis at the department of infectious diseases of the university hospital brno in 2011-2013: a retrospective study]. | to provide basic clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics of adult patients with campylobacteriosis admitted to the department of infectious diseases university hospital brno (uhb), in 2011-2013. | 2015 | 26448303 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from rabbits raised for meat production. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of enteric disease in humans and animals. recent studies demonstrated a genetic overlap between c. difficile isolated from animals and humans suggesting animals as possible reservoir for human pathogenic strains. this study was a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of c. difficile in rabbits raised in industrial holdings for food production and aimed to characterise isolates and estimate their antimicrobial susceptibility. c. difficile isolates ... | 2015 | 26507420 |
| evaluating risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in adult and pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. | although hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are routinely exposed to classic risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), few studies have assessed cdi risk in these high-risk patients, and data are especially lacking for pediatric hct recipients. we aimed to determine incidence and risk factors for cdi in adult and pediatric allogeneic hct recipients. | 2015 | 26473030 |
| case report of gastric outlet obstruction from metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. | the most common malignancy to cause gastric outlet obstruction is primary gastric adenocarcinoma and it is followed by carcinoma of the pancreas and gallbladder. herein, we report a case of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. | 2015 | 26408025 |
| economic assessment of fidaxomicin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in special populations (patients with cancer, concomitant antibiotic treatment or renal impairment) in spain. | the objective of this paper was to assess the cost-utility of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in three specific cdi patient subgroups: those with cancer, treated with concomitant antibiotic therapy or with renal impairment. a markov model with six health states was developed to assess the cost-utility of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the patient subgroups over a period of 1 year from initial infection. cost and outcome data used to param ... | 2015 | 26407619 |
| effect of geographic region and seasonality on clostridium difficile incidence and hospital mortality. | 2015 | 26416527 | |
| necrotizing fasciitis and the diabetic foot. | necrotizing fasciitis (nf) represents a rapidly progressive, life-threatening infection involving skin, soft tissue, and deep fascia. an early diagnosis is crucial to treat nf effectively. the disease is generally due to an external trauma that occurs in predisposed patients: the most important risk factor is represented by diabetes mellitus. nf is classified into 3 different subtypes according to bacterial strains responsible: type 1 associated to polymicrobial infection, type 2 nf, generally a ... | 2015 | 26415868 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disease: 2015 update and the road ahead. | at its height, the clostridium difficile infection epidemic caused approximately 7000 infections and 300 deaths per day in the usa. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has demonstrated extraordinary clinical resolution, c. difficile infection cure rates of over 90%, and low recurrence. in tandem with the rise of fmt, the gastrointestinal microbiome has emerged as a 'vital' organ armed with a wealth of microbe 'soldiers' more powerful than known antibiotics. fmts' reputation has diffused into ... | 2015 | 26414076 |
| recombinant bacterial lipoproteins as vaccine candidates. | recombinant bacterial lipoproteins (rlp) with built-in immuno-stimulating properties for novel subunit vaccine development are reviewed. this platform technology offers the following advantages: easily converts antigens into highly immunogenic rlp using a fusion sequence containing lipobox; the lipid moiety of rlp is recognized as the danger signals in the immune system through the toll-like receptor 2, so both innate and adaptive immune responses can be induced by rlp; serves as an efficient an ... | 2015 | 26420467 |
| minimal systemic and high faecal exposure to cadazolid in patients with severe clostridium difficile infection. | cadazolid is under development as an oral treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), which is the most common infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. low systemic cadazolid exposures were previously reported in healthy subjects following both single and multiple oral dosing. the main objective of this study was to investigate systemic cadazolid exposure in patients with severe cdi with potential disrupted lining of the gastrointestinal tract. a single 3000 mg oral dose of ... | 2015 | 26419191 |
| hand hygiene: knowledge and attitudes of fourth-year clerkship medical students at alfaisal university, college of medicine, riyadh, saudi arabia. | little is known about the clerkship (clinical) medical students' knowledge of hand hygiene as the single most important precautionary measure to reduce nosocomial healthcare-associated infections. the aim of this study is to explore the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, hand hygiene practices among fourth-year clerkship medical students at alfaisal university, college of medicine, riyadh, saudi arabia. | 2015 | 26430584 |
| fecal microbiota transplant: respice, adspice, prospice. | respice, adspice, prospice, look to the past, look to the present, look to the future, is one of life's valuable axioms; for it is only if one knows where one has been can one intelligently prepare for the future. i have used this approach here to review fecal microbiota transplant (fmt). first used in fourth-century china to treat an assortment of gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms, today fmt is primarily used for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi). in the future, however, it is likel ... | 2015 | 26447968 |
| clostridium difficile infection in rural ontario: a retrospective multisite population-based study. | we conducted a retrospective, population-based study to assess the prevalence of clostridium difficile infections and the associated risk factors among inpatients and outpatients in our region. | 2015 | 26447730 |
| longitudinal study of clostridium difficile shedding in raccoons on swine farms and conservation areas in ontario, canada. | clostridium difficile is an important enteropathogen affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. the objectives of this study were to 1) compare the prevalence and characteristics of c. difficile isolated from the feces of raccoons trapped on swine farms and conservation sites, and 2) investigate the role of raccoons as potential reservoirs for host-adapted strains of c. difficile using a longitudinal study. fecal swabs were collected from raccoons at 5 conservation sites and 5 swine farms ... | 2015 | 26446591 |
| clostridium difficile: new insights into the evolution of the pathogenicity locus. | the major virulence factors of clostridium difficile are toxins a and b. these toxins are encoded by tcda and tcdb genes, which form a pathogenicity locus (paloc) together with three additional genes that have been implicated in regulation (tcdr and tcdc) and secretion (tcde). to date, the paloc has always been found in the same location and is replaced in non-toxigenic strains by a highly conserved 75/115 bp non-coding region. here, we show new types of c. difficile pathogenicity loci through t ... | 2015 | 26446480 |
| tracing the spread of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in germany based on bacterial genome sequences. | we applied whole-genome sequencing to reconstruct the spatial and temporal dynamics underpinning the expansion of clostridium difficile ribotype 027 in germany. based on re-sequencing of genomes from 57 clinical c. difficile isolates, which had been collected from hospitalized patients at 36 locations throughout germany between 1990 and 2012, we demonstrate that c. difficile genomes have accumulated sequence variation sufficiently fast to document the pathogen's spread at a regional scale. we de ... | 2015 | 26444881 |
| efficacy and safety of metronidazole monotherapy versus vancomycin monotherapy or combination therapy in patients with clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become a global epidemiological problem for both hospitalized patients and outpatients. the most commonly used drugs to treat cdi are metronidazole and vancomycin. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metronidazole monotherapy with vancomycin monotherapy and combination therapy in cdi patients. | 2015 | 26444424 |
| bacterial glycosyltransferase toxins. | mono-glycosylation of host proteins is a common mechanism by which bacterial protein toxins manipulate cellular functions of eukaryotic target host cells. prototypic for this group of glycosyltransferase toxins are clostridium difficile toxins a and b, which modify guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the rho family. however, toxin-induced glycosylation is not restricted to the clostridia. various types of bacterial pathogens including escherichia coli, yersinia, photorhabdus and legionella sp ... | 2015 | 26445410 |
| erratum for boudry et al., function of the crispr-cas system of the human pathogen clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 26443462 |