Publications

inhibition of bacterial iga proteases by human secretory iga and serum.		1983	6347001
of human dental plaque bacteria, actinomyces viscosus accelerates immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis.		1983	6347146
quantitative screening of clinical isolates for immunoglobulin a protease production.	the production of immunoglobulin a (iga) protease is a potentially useful marker in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic species of clinical isolates; however, current quantitative assay methods are too tedious for routine application. a simple quantitative method was developed to screen clinical isolates for iga protease production. this method is based on the specificity of reaction between iga and alpha chain-specific antiserum in an immunochemistry analyzer (beckman instruments, inc ...	1983	6352734
cleavage of protein a-binding iga1 with iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis.	protein a-binding fractions of two iga1 myeloma proteins failed to produce fc fragments on digestion with iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis. a polymeric protein a-binding iga1 fraction yielded a protein a-non-binding monomer, which was further cleaved into fab fragments but it did not yield fc fragments. the protein a-binding fraction of a monomeric iga1 yielded an iga molecule lacking one fab fragment. subsequently, the remaining part of its cleaved alpha chain was degraded. further dige ...	1983	6358000
aggregation of streptococcus sanguis by a neuraminidase-sensitive component of serum and crevicular fluid.	a number of strains of streptococcus sanguis were found to aggregate in nonimmune serum and in crevicular fluid. all strains which aggregated in serum also aggregated in saliva, but some strains which aggregated in saliva did not aggregate in serum. aggregation was destroyed by treatment of serum or crevicular fluid with neuraminidase and was inhibited by gangliosides. treatment of serum with proteases reduced aggregating activity. adsorption of serum to hydroxyapatite did not reduce the aggrega ...	1983	6358038
immunochemical comparison of cell-wall antigens of various viridans streptococci, including strain 2a2+3 hot from recurrent oral aphthous ulceration in man.	several studies suggest that patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration show cell-mediated and humoral immunity to antigens of streptococcus sanguis, particularly strain 2a2+3 hot which is said to be antigenically similar or identical to strep. sanguis strain atcc 10556. however, physiological classification as well as analysis of the immunologically dominant cell-wall antigens by immunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence showed that the strain is actually a strain of streptococcus ...	1983	6360105
inactivation and stabilization of iga protease from the human oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis.	the oral bacterium, streptococcus sanguis, secretes an extracellular protease which specifically cleaves immunoglobulin a (iga). during in vitro growth of strep. sanguis at 37 degrees c the iga protease was completely inactivated within 2 h. lowering the growth temperature to 31 degrees c reduced the inactivation rate 50 per cent and a doubling of enzyme yield was obtained. the iga protease could be stabilized by the presence of whole human saliva, by a low concentration of iga, or by inhibition ...	1983	6360106
[immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis accelerated by actinomyces viscosus].		1983	6361182
protoplast and cytoplasmic membrane preparations from streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	protoplasts were prepared from streptococcus sanguis and some s. mutans serotypes by use of lysozyme (ec 3.2.1.17) under particular conditions: cells had to be grown in dl-threonine (20 mm) and harvested in early exponential phase. the efficiency of protoplast formation was enhanced by two additional steps: plasmolysis (in 12% peg), prior to addition of lysozyme, and a swirling phase, after the enzymic action. this procedure allowed us to obtain clean protoplasts, with only 0.5% contamination by ...	1983	6361217
effect of insertion of osseo-integrated prosthesis on the oral microflora.	ten patients undergoing treatment with bridges supported by osseo-integrated oral titanium implants were studied regarding the oral microflora. saliva samples for microbiological studies were collected before the abutment operation, 1 week after the operation, after the bridges were inserted and again 52 weeks after the abutment operation. the implants did not induce colonization with "plaque streptococci" such as streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis. a marked colonization with potenti ...	1983	6362048
a factor from actinomyces viscosus t14v that specifically aggregates streptococcus sanguis h1.	a highly specific aggregation factor for streptococcus sanguis h1 (afh1) was obtained by lysozyme treatment of actinomyces viscosus t14v. at 1 micrograms/ml, afh1 aggregated a suspension of s. sanguis h1, with which a. viscosus t14v coaggregates by a mechanism not inhibited by lactose: even at much higher levels afh1 caused little or no aggregation of streptococci from other coaggregation groups (j. o. cisar et al., infect. immun. 24:742-752, 1979). the most active fraction of afh1 obtained by g ...	1983	6303957
streptococcal r plasmid pip501: endonuclease site map, resistance determinant location, and construction of novel derivatives.	the streptococcal resistance plasmid pip501 (30 kilobase pairs [kb]) encodes resistance to chloramphenicol (cmr) and erythromycin (emr) and is capable of conjugative transfer among numerous streptococcal species. by using a streptococcal host-vector recombinant dna system, the cmr and emr determinants of pip501 were localized to 6.3-kb hindiii and 2.1-kb hindiii-avai fragments, respectively. pip501 was lost at a frequency of 22% in streptococcus sanguis cells grown at 42 degrees c but was stable ...	1983	6304011
plasmid transfer in pediococcus spp.: intergeneric and intrageneric transfer of pip501.	transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmid pip501 from streptococcus faecalis to pediococcus pentosaceus and pediococcus acidilactici occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of dnase. expression of the pip501-linked erythromycin and chloramphenicol resistance determinants was observed in transconjugants. intrageneric transfer of pip501 from a p. pentosaceus donor to various pediococcal recipients occurred at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-7) transconju ...	1983	6311098
an in-vitro study of the role of sucrose and interactions between oral bacteria in possible mechanisms of dental plaque formation.	the adherence of streptococci to hydroxyapatite spheroids (has) depended upon the strain used, the fermentable carbon source available during bacterial growth, the number of times a clinical isolate had been subcultured on laboratory media and the pre-treatment of the has. sucrose greatly stimulated the secondary colonization of streptococcus mutans strain 3209 on has pre-equilibrated with this strain, but no similar effect was observed with glucose. pre-equilibration of has with streptococcus s ...	1983	6314950
adp-like platelet aggregation activity generated by viridans streptococci incubated with exogenous atp.	to explore the possibility that streptococcus sanguis aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (prp) might be mediated by soluble agents, we tested cell-free s. sanguis supernatant for aggregation activity. the supernatant of untreated s. sanguis was without measurable prp aggregation activity. in contrast, the cell-free supernatant of atp-incubated s. sanguis produced an immediate wave of prp aggregation. the supernatant with prp aggregating activity contained insufficient protease to produce a resp ...	1983	6219955
degradation of the microbial and salivary components participating in human dental plaque formation by proteases elaborated by plaque bacteria.	twenty-eight strains of facultative, gram-positive, sporulating bacilli which produce caseinolytic enzymes were isolated from human early dental plaque. a major component of the extracellular caseinolytic enzymes elaborated by strong producers seemed to be neutral zinc proteases. the extracellular proteases inactivated glucosyltransferase of streptococcus mutans and inhibited the synthesis of adherent glucans from sucrose. the enzymes also degraded the strep. mutans cell-surface receptor for dex ...	1983	6222727
inhibition by acarbose, nojirimycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin of glucosyltransferase produced by oral streptococci.	acarbose is known to inhibit glucoamylase, maltase and sucrase. our aim was to test whether it would also inhibit glucosyltransferase (gtf), to determine the type of inhibition and to compare the inhibitor potency of acarbose with that of nojirimycin and deoxynojirimycin, two other glucosidase inhibitors. enzyme inhibition was measured either by chemical assay or by incorporation of radioactivity into product. acarbose effectively inhibited the synthesis of polysaccharide by gtf from strains of ...	1983	6226260
purification and immunochemical characterization of streptococcus sanguis serotype i carbohydrate antigen.	the serotype-specific antigen of streptococcus sanguis st3 (serotype i, biotype a) was extracted, chromatographically purified, and characterized by immunological and chemical methods. the antigen was extracted from purified cell walls with hot trichloroacetic acid, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on a deae-sephadex a-25 column and gel filtration through a sephadex g-100 column. a peak fraction was obtained that gave a single precipitin band when reacted with anti-type i serum. the type ...	1983	6187682
aggregation of human platelets and adhesion of streptococcus sanguis.	platelet vegetations or thrombi are common findings in subacute bacterial endocarditis. we investigated the hypothesis that human platelets selectively bind or adhere strains of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans and aggregate, as a result, into an in vitro thrombus. earlier ultrastructural studies suggested that aggregation of platelets over time by staphylococcus aureus was preceded in order by adhesion and platelet activation. we uncoupled the adhesion step from activation and agg ...	1983	6188697
an improved method for measuring aggregation of certain streptococcal bacteria found in dental plaque.	various cells were incubated with either dextran or sucrose and the reaction was terminated by the addition of a 20 per cent solution of formaldehyde. a reaction mixture consisting of cells and aggregated cells was applied to a step-gradient glycerol column (0-60 per cent) and 0.5 ml fractions were collected from the bottom of the column. non-aggregated cells remained in the top layer of the column. aggregated cells settled in the 30 per cent glycerol layer as determined by either spectrophotome ...	1983	6190471
effects of mecillinam and cefoxitin on growth, macromolecular synthesis, and penicillin-binding proteins in a variety of streptococci.	although some strains of streptococci seem to be virtually inert to mecillinam, the growth of other strains, notably certain viridans streptococci (streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis) was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of the drug. inhibition of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, rna, protein, and dna in two tolerant strains, s. mutans fa-1 and gs-5, was studied over a wide range of concentrations of mecillinam, benzylpenicillin, and cefoxitin. the responses of both strains ...	1983	6191654
effects of local immunization of hamsters with glucosyltransferase antigens on infection with streptococcus sanguis.	the effects of immunization with antigens of the streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (gtf) complex on oral challenge with two streptococcus sanguis strains (h7pr3 and 34) in hamsters were studied. antisera to s. mutans gtf complex were able to inhibit one-third (strain h7pr3) to one-half (strain 34) of the s. sanguis gtf activity which could be inhibited when these s. sanguis gtfs were incubated with antisera to s. sanguis gtf. washed, intact cells of strains h7pr3 and 34 were able to remov ...	1983	6194115
surface-located trypsin-activated streptococcus sanguis strain wicky endonuclease.	a new streptococcus sanguis strain wicky endonuclease was isolated, purified and partially characterized. this nuclease acts preferentially on thermally denatured dna, is not inhibited by rna and is activated 3-5 times by trypsin. this activation is accompanied by the reduction of molecular weight of the enzyme. these features distinguish the new s, sanguis nuclease from the 3 previously described s. sanguis endonucleases. with covalently closed circular plasmid dna, the enzyme causes first the ...	1983	6198873
corncob formation between fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguis.	corncob formation in dental plaque was believed to be limited to strains of bacterionema matruchotii and streptococcus sanguis. we observed recently that strains of fusobacterium nucleatum also interacted with s. sanguis to form corncobs. since the fusobacteria are among the first anaerobic filaments to colonize subgingival plaque, these interactions could serve as a connecting link between the transformation of supra- to subgingival plaque. to further characterize these interactions, quantitati ...	1983	6131871
coaggregation of human oral cytophaga species and actinomyces israelii.	a total of 19 strains of oral cytophaga sp. obtained from subgingival plaque deposits were tested for their ability to coaggregate with strains of actinomyces israelii, a. viscosus, a. naeslundii, streptococcus sanguis, s. mutans, s. salivarius, and s. mitis. coaggregation was observed only with a. israelii. based on their coaggregation patterns with eight a. israelii strains, the cytophaga strains were distributed among three distinct groups: those that coaggregated with a. israelii pk16 but no ...	1983	6133836
association of fimbriae with the hydrophobicity of streptococcus sanguis fc-1 and adherence to salivary pellicles.	a nonhydrophobic mutant of streptococcus sanguis fc-1 was isolated which has a greatly diminished capacity for attaching to experimental salivary pellicles on hydroxyapatite surfaces and for aggregating with salivary components. the mutant appears to be defective in the synthesis of fimbriae, as judged by electron microscopic observations and by its inability to exhibit twitching motility.	1983	6134679
positive coooperativity in the binding of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite beads has been analyzed by binding isotherms, langmuir isotherms, and scatchard plots. for saliva-coated beads, the scatchard curves contained components with both positive and negative slopes. the results are interpreted as evidence for positive cooperativity in the binding process. although all scatchard curves were similar in shape, distinct differences were observed between saliva samples from different individuals. salivary agglutini ...	1982	6172378
effect of gramicidin d on the acidogenic properties of oral streptococci and human dental plaque.	the effect of gramicidin d, gramicidin s, and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone on the glycolysis of various oral streptococci was investigated. gramicidin d was the most effective and inhibited the glycolysis of all the streptococci studied in the presence of the most common sugars found in man's diet (sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose). a concentration of 2.5 x 10(-6) m gramicidin d was sufficient to decrease significantly the rate of glycolysis of human dental plaque in ...	1982	6177722
antigenic determinant of the lancefield group h antigen of streptococcus sanguis.	previous studies indicated that the teichoic acid isolated from strains of streptococcus sanguis was group specific and defined the lancefield group h streptococci. to determine the specific antigenic determinants, the antigen was extracted from a group h streptococcus (atcc 903) by the phenol-water method and purified by column chromatography. the isolated antigen had a glycerol/phosphate/glucose molar ratio of 1:0.9:0.3; the lipid concentration was 7.6% of its dry weight. no nucleic acids were ...	1982	6185428
characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from actinomyces viscosus by a model aggregation system.	a simple model system has been developed in which lectin-mediated aggregation of glycoprotein-coated beads can be monitored by following the decrease in light scattering at 650 nm. aggregation has been characterized with the lectin of actinomyces viscosus t14v. its dependence on ph, temperature, and stirring rate was examined, and the number of bacterial cells in relation to the number of latex beads resulting in optimal aggregation was established. this system has the advantage of permitting th ...	1982	6185429
construction of plasmid vectors for gene cloning in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis.	the construction and some properties of new hybrid plasmids which are able to replicate in both escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis are presented. a 5.5 md hybrid plasmid pjp9 was constructed from pbr322 (tc, ap) and pub110 (nm) plasmids. pim1 (7.0 md) and pim3 (7.7 md) plasmids are its different erythromycin resistant derivatives. tetracycline, ampicillin, neomycin and possibly erythromycin resistance genes are expressed in e. coli while neomycin and erythromycin resistance genes are express ...	1982	6189371
bacterial invasion of pulpal dentin wall in vitro.	instrumented root canals of extracted human teeth were inoculated with known pulpal bacterial isolates. the inoculated teeth were immersed in the appropriate culture media and incubated at 37 degrees c for varying periods. streptococci multiplied in the root canals and invaded the radicular dentinal tubules. the extent of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. this experimental model of bacterial invasion was time-dependent. this experimental model may be useful in investigating the effect of in ...	1982	6120188
antibodies against the ag2 fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v inhibit lactose-sensitive bacterial adherence.	monospecific antisera against the ag1 and ag2 fimbrial components of actinomyces viscosus t14v were produced by immunizing rabbits with immune precipitates of each antigen harvested from crossed-immunoelectrophoresis plates. the fab fragments prepared from these sera were used as specific reagents in immunoelectron microscopy to identify each fimbrial component on the bacterial surface and also were assayed for their abilities to prevent the coaggregation of a. viscosus t14v with streptococcus s ...	1982	6124506
whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for streptococcus sanguis fimbrial antigens.	a whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bactelisa) was developed for detecting fimbrial antigens on streptococcus sanguis. in this assay, s. sanguis cells were directly adhered to polystyrene or polyvinyl via drying. use of the assay indicated that consistently high and uniform optical densities could be obtained from well to well. in addition, radioactive assaying indicated increased adsorption to the polystyrene wells over polyvinyl, suggesting that polystyrene may prove supe ...	1982	6125528
humoral immune response to oral microorganisms in periodontitis.	serum antibody titers from patients with periodontitis were compared with those from periodontally healthy subjects. with the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibody titers to isolates of streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides ochraceus, and fusobacterium nucleation were determined. antibod ...	1982	6126434
chemostat studies of the effect of environmental control on streptococcus sanguis adherence to hydroxyapatite.	streptococcus sanguis is a major component of early dental plaque. the ability of s. sanguis to adhere to salivary pellicle appears to involve specific bacterial surface receptors. the nature of these receptors is still not known; however, the component molecules may be subject to environmental control as has been shown for teichoic acids and certain proteins. to study these environmental effects, a chemostat was employed to vary the growth conditions of streptococcus sanguis strain g9b. this st ...	1982	6274803
characteristic differences between saliva-dependent aggregation and adhesion of streptococci.	comparison of saliva-mediated aggregation of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus mutans and adhesion of these organisms to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite showed that there was no relationship between these two activities. adsorption of salivary aggregating activity to bacteria appears to have little effect on the ability of the residual saliva to support adherence; conversely, adsorption of salivary adherence factors to hydroxyapatite does not affect aggregation. although ...	1982	6274804
molecular cloning in the streptococci.		1982	6279083
oxygen toxicity in streptococcus sanguis. the relative importance of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.	streptococcus sanguis, whose growth appears to be independent of the availability of iron, makes no hemes, contains neither catalase nor peroxidase, and can accumulate millimolar concentration levels of h2o2 during aerobic growth. it possesses a single manganese-containing superoxide dismutase whose concentration can be varied over a 50-100-fold range by manipulating the availability of oxygen during growth. cell extracts contain a soluble nadh-plumbagin diaphorase which mediates o2- production ...	1982	6279624
transformation of streptococcus sanguis (challis) by linear plasmid molecules.	the streptococcal erythromycin resistance plasmid psm9 was used to study the problem of how the transforming activity of mixtures of two unique linear products of restriction enzyme digestion depends on the distance between the cleavage sites. in transformation of the challis strain of s. sanguis, the transforming activity of mixed digests increased with increasing relative distances (x) between the restriction sites, where 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5. to explain the expe ...	1982	6285148
helper plasmid cloning in streptococcus sanguis: cloning of a tetracycline resistance determinant from the streptococcus mutans chromosome.	a model system for testing the helper plasmid cloning system of gryczan et al. (mol. gen. genet. 177:459-467, 1980) was devised for the streptococcus sanguis (challis) host-vector system. in this system, linearized pva736 plasmid efficiently transformed an s. sanguis (challis) host containing a homologous plasmid, pva380-1, but did not transform a plasmidless host or a host containing a nonhomologous plasmid, pva380. in addition, whereas monomeric circular pva736 transformed a plasmidless host w ...	1982	6288658
effect of streptococcal cell wall components on bone metabolism in vitro.	cell was components from streptococcus mutans nctc 10449 and streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 stimulated the release of 45ca from prelabeled mouse calvariae in organ culture. bone resorbing activity was not blocked by fetal calf serum. it was, however, blocked by calcitonin, an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, partially blocked endogenous but not antigen-stimulated 45ca, suggesting that antigen-stimulated bone resorption was no ...	1982	6291729
hydrophobic interactions and the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.	streptococcus sanguis demonstrated a high affinity for hydrocarbon solvents. when aqueous suspensions of the organism were mixed with either hexadecane or toluene, the cells tended to bind to the nonaqueous solvent. increases in temperature resulted in a greater affinity of cells for hexadecane. interaction between the cells and hexadecane was also enhanced by dilute aqueous sodium chloride and by low ph (ph less than 5). the results suggest that the cell surface of s. sanguis has hydrophobic pr ...	1982	6292108
a cloning vector able to replicate in escherichia coli and streptococcus sanguis.	a plasmid that is able to replicate in both escherichia coli and streptococcus sanguis has been constructed by the in vitro joining of the pacyc184 (cmr tcr) and pva749 (emr) replicons. this plasmid, designated pva838, is 9.2 kb in size and expresses emr in both e. coli and s. sanguis. its cmr marker is expressed only in e. coli and may be inactivated by addition of dna inserts at its internal ecori or pvuii sites. the pva838 molecule also contains unique sali, sphi, bamhi, nrui and xbai cleavag ...	1982	6295886
[clinical trial of cefmenoxime in children].	cefmenoxime (cmx) was intravenously administered to 20 children with the following bacterial infection; pneumonia in 14 cases, purulent meningitis in 2 cases, pyothorax in 2 cases, urinary tract infection in 1 case and brain abscess in 1 case. the daily dosage administered in meningitis, pyothorax and brain abscess ranged from 145-311 mg/kg/day, from 43-88 mg/kg/day in other bacterial infections. the therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 15, good in 3, poor in 2 patients, efficacy rate being 90% ...	1982	6302340
protease production by streptococcus sanguis associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis.	a viridans streptococcus (streptococcus sanguis biotype ii) isolated from the blood of a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis was examined for protease production. in broth culture, extracellular proteolytic enzymes were not produced by this organism until after the early exponential phase of growth, with maximal protease production occurring during the stationary phase. four distinct proteases were isolated and purified from the supernatant fluids of stationary-phase cultures, employing ...	1982	6759404
nephelometric assay for the immunoglobulin a1-protease produced by the oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis.	streptococcus sanguis, an initiator of human dental plaque, produces an endopeptidase which cleaves immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) at the hinge region. a rapid nephelometric assay was developed for the quantitation of iga1-specific protease activity. the protease was produced in dialysis cultures which yielded cell-free fluids having 14 times the specific activity of conventional cultures. assay was based on the difference in detectable iga1 concentrations at the start and termination of the reaction; ...	1982	6760837
effect of penicillin on streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man.	the effect of penicillin on the number of oral streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated. this is of interest as s. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while s. sanguis is not. hamsters infected with both s. mutans and s. sanguis or only s. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. the treatment reduced the proportion of s. mutans and s. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. after th ...	1982	6810446
common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: isolation and biochemical characterization of the extracellular protein antigen.	an extracellular soluble common protein (ecp) has been purified from extracellular soluble fractions of exponential phase cultures of streptococcus sanguis omz9, of a representative strain of each of bratthall's seven serological groups of streptococcus mutans, and of one strain each of lactobacillus salivarius and actinomyces viscosus. the ecp antigens from the different strains were prepared from sds-dissociated immunoprecipitates by affinity chromatography on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin col ...	1982	6816904
[the role of iga in allergic disease].	within the framework of immunological mechanisms involved in allergic forms, and view of the fact that immunoglobulins represent one of the cardinal points thereof, the attention is focused on the iga, first getting a deeper insight into the current knowledge of their structure and localization, which has recently been added to with some important details. the models set forth are aimed to show the molecular organization of monomeric and polymeric iga, and the functional significance of their di ...	1982	6821451
oral flora of children with "nursing bottle caries".	s. mutans averaged about 60% of the total cultivable flora of dental plaque obtained from caries lesions, white spot margins of these lesions, or clinically-sound areas of upper anterior teeth, and averaged about 27% in plaque from mostly clinically-sound areas of posterior teeth of six children with nursing bottle caries; its concentrations in saliva averaged about 10% of the total cultivable flora. nearly all of 107 isolated s. mutans strains belonged to the serotype group c/e/f. the proportio ...	1982	6948854
a microbiological analysis of human early carious and non-carious fissures.	the fissure sampling technique consisted of removing the fissure using a bur in a high-speed handpiece with water spray and then suctioning the fissural contents and the water spray into a sterile sampling container. sixty-eight teeth were sampled. total bacterial counts, total streptococcal counts, and counts of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus faecalis, actinomyces viscosus, and lactobacilli were performed on the fissural samples. there was a four-fold increase in the ...	1982	6949945
a comparative study of enzymes involved in glucose phosphorylation in oral streptococci.	the properties of two enzymes involved in the phosphorylation of glucose were studied in three oral streptococci species. the glucokinase of streptococcus mutans had a lower affinity for glucose and atp than did those from s. salivarius and s. sanguis. the enzyme had an identical ph optimum (ph 8.0) in all three bacteria. however, the result from the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system showed a different pattern when its activity was measured using 2-deoxyglucose with toluenized cells. ...	1982	6948019
the effect of fluoride on the acid production of streptococcus mutans and other oral streptococci.	the influence of fluoride on the acid production of streptococcal strains was examined using an established method for the determination of acid production by microorganisms. the inhibitory effects of fluoride on acid production increased when the ph dropped from 5.5 to 4.0. a concentration of 5 ppm fluoride inhibited the acid production activity of streptococcus mutants at ph 5 and below. susceptibility to fluoride varied among streptococcal strains. these results suggest that fluoride in denta ...	1982	6951312
a competence specific inducible protein promotes in vivo recombination in streptococcus sanguis.	we describe the first example of a recombination-specific protein induced during the development of competence for transformation in streptococcus sanguis. elaborated in response to stimulation by competence-protein, the 51,000 molecular weight (mw) polypeptide is one of at least 10 new polypeptides transiently induced during the competence phase. biochemical and genetic analyses of the parental, cipa+ (competence specific inducible polypeptide a), and mutant, cipa, strains have shown that the 5 ...	1982	6953305
blood-group-reactive glycoprotein from human saliva interacts with lipoteichoic acid on the surface of streptococcus sanguis cells.	[3h]-glycerol-labelled lipoteichoic acid (lta) was extracted from streptococcus sanguis cells using aqueous phenol. chemical analysis of the lta yielded phosphate:glycerol:glucose:fatty acids in the mole ratio 1.0:0.97:0.76:0.03. the lta inhibited the interaction between strep. sanguis cells and a high mol. wt blood-group-reactive glycoprotein (bgr-glycoprotein) isolated from human saliva and reduced strep. sanguis-mediated haemagglutination activity. purified lta from strep. mutans strains omz6 ...	1982	6953942
tooth colored dental restorative materials: porosities and surface topography in relation to bacterial adhesion.	the present investigation was carried out to determine whether differences in initial bacterial accumulation on dental restorations could be explained by differences in surface topography, particularly porosities, of the materials. a point counting method was used to determine the number and the size of the porosities in 15 materials. the results demonstrated great variation among the materials in the number of porosities. however, in vitro bacterial adhesion tests failed to show any relationshi ...	1982	6954828
saliva-induced aggregation of streptococci. solubilization of a bacterial surface receptor.		1982	6956448
inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products.	bacterial-neutrophil interactions may be critical determinants of virulence in periodontal diseases. this study was undertaken to examine the ability of major bacterial species from the human oral cavity to inhibit (1) peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis, (2) chemotactic formylmethionyl peptide binding, and (3) phagocytosis. included were cultured supernatants and sonic extracts obtained from strains of capnocytophaga, bacteroides gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroides asaccharolyti ...	1982	6956714
streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva after mouthrinsing with snf2.	mouthrinses with snf2 in 11 subjects significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) the total colony forming units (cfu) count and the numbers of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in plaque. the numbers of s. mutans and s. sanguis were significantly more reduced than was the total cfu count. after rinsing with snf2s. sanguis was present in 97% and s. mutans in only 42% of plaque samples from tooth surfaces where they were detected after rinsing with water. snf2 also significantly reduced ...	1982	6957968
production of acids in rat dental plaque with or without streptococcus mutans.		1982	6958370
minimum inhibitory concentration of surfactants for plaque antiadherents.		1982	6959696
adherence of streptococcus sanguis to salivary mucin bound to glass.	this study demonstrated that human submandibular-sublingual saliva (hsmsl) provided a better substrate than did whole saliva or parotid saliva for the binding of streptococcus sanguis in a glass adherence assay. additional evidence indicated that the lower molecular weight salivary mucin in hsmsl was involved in these interactions. mucin's sialic acid residues were found to play a major role in mediating the binding of certain strains of streptococcus sanguis.	1982	6960040
colonization and cariogenic potential in hamsters of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque.	strains of strep. sanguis, freshly isolated from human dental plaque, were successfully implanted into albino hamsters. transmission of the organisms from infected to uninfected animals occurred naturally. the transfer was as effective between unrelated hamsters as between dams and their offspring. three of the strains tested did not cause caries in hamsters. laboratory strains of strep. sanguis did not colonize the hamsters. two morphological variants of strep. sanguis with different abilities ...	1982	6961894
effect of extracellular polysaccharides on diffusion of naf and [14c]-sucrose in human dental plaque and in sediments of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis 804 (nctc 10904).	it has been postulated that extracellular polysaccharides form a barrier to diffusion in dental plaque. diffusion coefficients, d, were measured for naf and [14c]-sucrose in glucan-free and glucan-containing sediments of strep. sanguis 804 at 37 degrees c. there was a tendency for naf and [14c]-sucrose to diffuse faster as the carbohydrate concentration in the sediments increased. naf diffused only 38 per cent more slowly in cell-free glucan sediment than in water, suggesting that glucan per se ...	1982	6961914
[on the external action of fluorides: their antibacterial and plaque-inhibiting significance. i: literature survey and in vitro studies].		1982	6963802
streptococcus sanguis biotype ii meningitis in a premature infant.		1982	7044645
phagocytic and killing activity of human blood, gingival crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes for oral streptococci.	the phagocytosis and killing of oral streptococci by blood, crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) were examined using a visual assay based on differential staining of viable and non-viable microorganisms by acridine orange. crevicular pmnl were 83% viable, 19% contained bacteria on collection, and phagocytosis occurred in vitro in 66% of glass-adherent leukocytes. salivary pmnl were 56% viable, 11% contained bacteria on collection, and 44% phagocytosed streptococci in vitr ...	1982	7045181
the streptococcal flora of the tongue of the monkey macaca fascicularis.	the major streptococcal biotypes in the 8 monkeys investigated resembled streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitior with streptococcus salivarius forming only 5 to 6 per cent of the total colony count and being isolated from only 4 monkeys. the predominant tongue streptococci were not isolated from the dental plaque. similarly, streptococcus mutans, present in large numbers in the plaque of monkeys fed sucrose-rich diets, was isolated from the tongue of only 2 animals and formed only 2.4 per ...	1982	7046706
effect of altitude exposure on induction of streptococcal endocarditis in young and middle-aged rats.	young (age 2 months) and middle-aged (age 10 month) rats were injected once with a culture of streptococcus sanguis and exposed for 24 h to 7620 m altitude. at 6 d 54% of the exposed and 30% of the unexposed middle-aged rats had bacterial endocarditis. myocarditis developed in 63% of the injected exposed rats of both ages, in 11% of the injected unexposed middle-aged rats, and in none of the unexposed young adults. interstitial nephritis was found in 46-66% of the injected, unexposed young and m ...	1982	7055489
an effect of communal caging on the streptococcal flora of the dental plaque of monkeys (macaca fascicularis).	22 monkeys were randomly allocated to one or other of 2 communes and fed a caries-promoting high sucrose diet. after 28 weeks commune 1 (13 monkeys) was found to harbour streptococcus mutans serotype e as the predominant streptococcal species, but no monkey in commune 2 harboured this serotype. instead the 9 monkeys of commune 2 harboured streptococcus milleri in their dental plaque. the significance of these observations on the use of monkeys as a model of human dental caries is discussed.	1982	7062714
clinical significance of viridans streptococci isolated from blood cultures.	the clinical significance of viridans streptococci isolated from the blood cultures of 86 patients was determined. isolates that were significant or suggestive of infection represented only 21% of the cases. among 54 isolates for which the species was known, streptococcus sanguis ii was the most common. however, a significant association between species and clinical significance was not found.	1982	7068840
septic sternoclavicular arthritis with pasteurella multocida and streptococcus sanguis.		1982	7073777
adsorption of lysozyme from human whole saliva by streptococcus sanguis 903 and other oral microorganisms.	several strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii plus fresh isolates of streptococcus salivarius were surveyed for their abilities to deplete lysozyme from human-whole-saliva supernatant. bacteria were incubated in saliva for 60 min at 37 degrees c and then removed by centrifugation, and the recovered supernatant solutions were assayed for lysozyme activity by using whole cells of micrococcus lysodeikticus as th ...	1982	7076291
role of granulocytes in experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	we investigated the role of granulocytes during the induction and course of experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis in rabbits by depleting blood granulocytes with nitrogen mustard. the induction of the endocarditis was not influenced by granulocytopenia: the 50% infectious dose was 5.4 x 10(4) colony-forming units in normal and granulocytopenic rabbits. however, granulocytopenia influenced the curse of the endocarditis, as shown by a significant increase in the number of colony-forming ...	1982	7076302
inhibitors of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34: beta-galactosides, related sugars, and anionic amphipathic compounds.	coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v (t14v) and streptococcus sanguis 34 (ss34) depends upon specific reaction between lectin on t14v and carbohydrate on ss34. studies on coaggregation inhibition by sugars related to d-galactose, beta-galactosides, and amphipathic molecules revealed: (i) d-fucose, d-talose approximately equal to d-galactose, which was 0.2 potency of lactose. no other hexoses or pentoses inhibited at 0.1 m. (ii) gal beta (1 leads to 3)galnac alpha och2c6h5 was the most ...	1982	7076303
influence of sodium and potassium ions on acid production by washed cells of streptococcus mutans ingbritt and streptococcus sanguis nctc 7865 grown in a chemostat.	a comparison was made of acid production by cells of streptococcus mutans ingbritt and s. sanguis nctc 7865 that had been washed twice and incubated in different concentrations of sodium and potassium ions. organisms were grown under defined conditions in a chemostat under both glucose limitation and glucose excess conditions at a dilution rate of 0.1 h(-1) (mean generation time, 6.9 h). acid production after a pulse of glucose, sucrose, and fructose was measured by ph fall experiments and as a ...	1982	7085068
production of lipoteichoic acid by lactobacilli and streptococci grown in different environments.	representative strains of streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 and of four lactobacillus species were examined for the production of cellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acid (lta) when grown at ph 6.0 in batch culture to the stationary phase with either glucose or fructose. extracellular lta was a minor component in all cases except for l. fermentum and l. casei nird r094 grown in fructose. the total amount of lta (cellular and extracellular) produced by fructose-grown cultures was also consider ...	1982	7095852
specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: ii. evidence for a lectin on streptococcus sanguis with specificity for a neuac alpha 2, 3ga1 beta 1, 3ga1nac sequence.		1982	7104000
isolation and analysis of sacculi from streptococcus sanguis.	sacculi were prepared from streptococcus sanguis 34 by exhaustive extraction of bacteria with hot 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-0.5% 2-mercaptoethanol. lyophilized residue was dissociated by brief sonication to single bodies closely resembling streptococci in phase-contrast microscopic density, staining properties, and morphology. electron micrographs revealed bodies that contained variable amounts of cellular contents and were bounded by intact cell walls. chemical analyses of sacculi demonstrated ...	1982	7107558
growth inhibition of oral streptococci in saliva by anionic proteins from two caries-free individuals.	mixed saliva from two caries-free individuals possessed antimicrobial activity toward streptococcus mutans and s. sanguis. this inhibitory activity was attributed to the presence of a group of four anionic proteins each of which strongly inhibited the growth of the oral streptococci in a saliva protein-based medium but not in a medium containing amino acids as a nitrogen source. these proteins, with isoelectric points of 4.70, 4.90, 4.98, and 5.05, respectively, neither reacted with antisera to ...	1982	7118248
failure of erythromycin in preventing bacterial endocarditis.	use of oral erythromycin to prevent bacterial endocarditis has been accepted in the treatment of penicillin-allergic patients who required oral or sinusal surgery. a case of streptococcus sanguis endocarditis, however, developed in a patient following intravenous erythromycin administration during surgery on the maxillary sinus. the organism isolated proved resistant to erythromycin. this isolation of an erythromycin-resistant organism, together with previous reports of the drug's failure in pre ...	1982	7125782
isolation and characterization of coaggregation-defective mutants of actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and streptococcus sanguis.	spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these two kinds of bacteria. cog- mutants of each kind of bacteria were isolated by a simple enrichment scheme. parent strains were mixed with a coaggregating partner strain, coaggregated cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and non-coaggregated cells were recycled by the addition of more partner strain cells. cog- mutants ...	1982	7129635
biosynthesis of glucosyl monophosphoryl undecaprenol and its role in lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis.	a glucophospholipid was detected in an incubation mixture containing udp-glucose, mgcl2, atp, and a particulate enzyme prepared from streptococcus sanguis. the synthesis of this lipid was inhibited strongly by udp and moderately by ump. the molar ratio of glucose to phosphate in the purified lipid was found to be 1:1. glucose and glucose 1-phosphate were released by mild alkaline hydrolysis of the glucophospholipid. the lipid produced by mild acid degradation of the purified lipid yielded a thin ...	1982	7130126
successful prophylaxis against experimental streptococcal endocarditis with bacteriostatic antibiotics.	because bacteriostatic concentrations of vancomycin are effective in prophylaxis against endocarditis due to streptococcus sanguis in rats, the efficacy of three other bacteriostatic antibiotics was investigated against three different streptococcal species that cause subacute endocarditis in humans: streptococcus intermedius. s. sanguis, and streptococcus mitior. rats were challenged by intravenous injection of 2 x 10(5) colony-forming units of streptococci 24 hr after intracardiac insertion of ...	1982	7142750
enhanced saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation and decreased bacterial adhesion in caries-resistant versus caries-susceptible individuals.	a study of saliva-mediated aggregation and adhesion has been carried out in a group of caries-resistant (cr) and caries-susceptible (cs) individuals. the submandibular saliva of the cs group had a much greater potency, as determined by dilution, in promoting adherence to hydroxyapatite beads than did the saliva of cr group. in contrast, the cr group demonstrated a twofold enhancement of saliva-mediated aggregation compared with the cs group. these observations support the hypothesis that saliva- ...	1982	7152662
regulatory effect of monocytes on t cell proliferative responses to oral microbial antigens.	mononuclear cell preparations isolated by ficoll-hypaque centrifugation from human peripheral blood were found to vary considerably in the number of monocytes they contained (mean, 20.3%; range, 13 to 33%). the regulatory role of monocytes in t cell proliferative responses to sonic extracts of a panel of oral microorganisms was therefore investigated. t cells were fractionated by anti-immunoglobulin chromatography and depleted of monocytes by treatment with a monoclonal anti-human ia-like (dr lo ...	1982	6984019
lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate protect bacteria from hydrogen peroxide.	lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate were shown to protect escherichia coli and three oral streptococcal species from the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide under aerobic conditions. lactoperoxidase in the absence of thiocyanate was also protective for two of the bacterial species in a dilution medium but potentiated hydrogen peroxide toxicity for the other two under the same conditions. the products of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate in the presence of lactoperoxidase we ...	1982	7033135
ultrastructural location of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis antigens in carious human dentine.	the ultrastructural localization of bacterial antigens of streptococcus sanguis and of the various serotypes a,b,c,d,e,f and g of streptococcus mutans was studied in human carious dentine using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with appropriate controls. no positive staining was seen in adjacent normal dentine. in the inner dentine underlying the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. in sclerosed tubules, or on the plasmalemma of the odontoblast pr ...	1981	7035442
expression of streptococcal plasmid-determined resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin in escherichia coli.		1981	7035838
microbial surface interactions: reduction of the haemagglutination activity of the oral bacterium fusobacterium nucleatum by absorption with streptococcus and bacteroides.	oral strains of fusobacterium nucleatum showed haemagglutination (ha) of sheep red blood cells and attachment of ha-active f. nucleatum fragments to other microorganisms allowed a means of studying microbial surface interactions. ha-active sonicated fragments (sf) prepared from f. nucleatum were mixed with whole cell suspensions of 48 bacterial strains and, after incubation, the whole cells were separated from the non-absorbed fragments by differential centrifugation. attachment of f. nucleatum ...	1981	7041865
transformation of streptococcus sanguis with monomeric pva736 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid.	monomeric and oligomeric forms of a 5.0 x 10(6)-dalton plasmid (conferring erythromycin resistance) were able to genetically transform naturally competent streptococcus sanguis. transformation with electrophoretically purified monomer was a second-order process, whereas transformation with a dye-buoyant density gradient-purified plasmid preparation followed one-hit kinetics.	1981	7217019
constrictive pericarditis due to streptococcus sanguis.	we have described the third case of pericarditis caused by anaerobic streptococci in children. despite operative drainage and high-dose penicillin therapy, there was rapid progression to constrictive pericarditis. complete pericardiectomy was life-saving.	1981	7221646
bacterial aggregating activity in human saliva: comparisons of bacterial species and strains.	using a quantitative assay to measure saliva-mediated bacterial aggregating activity, we have surveyed 20 streptococcal strains with saliva samples obtained from a large population study. individual saliva samples demonstrated characteristic levels of aggregating activity for streptococcus sanguis m5. in general, high activity for this strain was associated with high activity for other strains of s. sanguis. streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus salivarius. the population distribution of aggreg ...	1981	7228395
effect of bacterial aggregation on the adherence of oral streptococci to hydroxyapatite.	several in vitro assay systems to measure the adherence of human dental plaque bacteria to solid surfaces such as teeth, glass, and hydroxyapatite have been published. in many studies a variety of macromolecular solutes have been used to study the adherence process. often these solutes are able to aggregate the test bacterial and thus may alter the outcome of adherence experiments. in this study, the effects of the aggregation of streptococcus sanguis on adherence to spheroidal hydroxyapatite is ...	1981	7228408
effect of human saliva on glucose uptake by streptococcus mutans and other oral microorganisms.	we examined the effects of human whole salivary supernatant and parotid fluid on glucose uptake by streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. the following three effects of saliva were observed: (i) inhibition of glucose uptake (s. mutans, s. sanguis), (ii) promotion of a transient, rapid (0 to 30 s) burst of glucose uptake (s. mutans, s. sanguis), and (iii) enhancement of glucose uptake (s. mitis, a. visco ...	1981	7012014
ecology and nature of immunoglobulin a1 protease-producing streptococci in the human oral cavity and pharynx.	the identity and proportional distribution of immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) protease-producing streptococci in the oral and pharyngeal microflora were studied. a collection of 459 streptococcal strains, including reference strains of streptococcus species, and fresh isolates from human dental plaque and buccal and pharyngeal mucosa were identified by biochemical means and were examined for iga1 protease production. iga1 protease production was demonstrated in some, but not all, strains of streptococc ...	1981	7014463
interference of secretory immunoglobulin a with sorption of oral bacteria to hydroxyapatite.	the potential of secretory immunoglobulin a (s-iga) to interfere with the initial phase of dental plaque formation was studied by using an in vitro method which permits the quantitative determination of the sorption of radiolabeled oral bacterial cells to hydroxyapatite (ha) beads. the importance of specific s-iga antibodies was evaluated by a comparison of the effect of pure preparations of colostral s-iga, polymeric myeloma iga, or preabsorbed s-iga. specific antibody molecules bound at the ha ...	1981	7014466
bacterial adherence: adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surface.	recent studies have indicated that the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces is the initial event in the pathogenesis of most infectious diseases due to bacteria in animals and humans. an understanding of the mechanisms of attachment and a definition of the adhesive molecules on the surfaces of bacteria (adhesins) as well as those on host cell membranes (receptors) have suggested new approaches to the prevention of serious bacterial infections: (1) application of purified adhesion or recept ...	1981	7014727
new method that uses binding of immunoglobulin a to group a streptococcal immunoglobulin a fc receptors for demonstration of microbial immunoglobulin a protease activity.	a new method is described for the detection of bacterial immunoglobulin a (iga) protease which splits iga into fab and fc fragments. the method takes advantage of a recent finding that receptors for iga fragments occur commonly among type 4 group a streptococci. the bacterial preparation to be tested for protease activity was first incubated with radiolabeled purified iga1 myeloma protein, and the proportion of radioactivity bound to a standard suspension of the streptococci was then measured. s ...	1981	7016917