Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. | the study was conducted to determine the prevalence of shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in eastern nepal. stool samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of b.p. koirala institute of health sciences, nepal, during august 2000-july 2004, were cultured for shigella species and were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. of 53 shigella species isolated, shigella dysenteriae type 1 was the most predominant isolate (73.7%), followed by s. flexneri (23%) and s ... | 2005 | 16599104 |
| the action of photosensitizers and serum in a bactericidal process. ii. the effects of dyes: hypericin, eosin y and saphranine o. | the aim of the present work was to recognize the reasons for differences in the photodynamic action of dyes against various bacterial strains. it is expected that a better understanding of this problem may help in design of new photosensitizers. the sensitivity of 6 various bacterial strains to the photodynamic action of 5 photosensitizers was determined. the hydrophobicity of cell surface and susceptibility of bacteria to the natural defense mechanism of human serum, were estimated. the differe ... | 2005 | 16599305 |
| [primarily study on a multiplex pcr-based system for the rapid detection of salmonella spp., shigella spp. and escherichia coli o157:h7]. | to establish a multiplex pcr-based system for the simultaneous detection of salmonella spp., shigella spp. and escherichia coli 0157:h7 in 12 hours. | 2005 | 16535845 |
| sepsis caused by food-borne infection with escherichia coli. | we report a case of sepsis caused by escherichia coli (e. coli) of serotype o-143. a 78-year-old man developed symptoms of gastroenteritis after ingesting raw meat on noodles. he rapidly developed respiratory failure. blood culture grew e. coli. the sepsis seemed to have directly spread from a food-borne infection. the development of primary sepsis after ingesting e. coli is very rare. we suspect that bacterial translocation played a major role. serotype o-143 is recognized in enteroinvasive e. ... | 2005 | 16415557 |
| preparation, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a. | diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) hydrolase (ec 3.6.1.41) hydrolyzes ap4a symmetrically in prokaryotes. it plays a potential role in organisms by regulating the concentration of ap4a in vivo. to date, no three-dimensional structures of proteins with significant sequence homology to this protein have been determined. the 31.3 kda ap4a hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a has been cloned, expressed and purified using an escherichia coli expression system. crystals of ap4a hydrolase have been obtain ... | 2005 | 16511239 |
| direct immunofluorescence assay for rapid environmental detection of vibrio cholerae o1. | an immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of v. cholerae o1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. cholerae o1. production of omps varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. the detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including v. cholerae o139, e. coli, s. dysenteriae and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the technique was able ... | 2005 | 16475506 |
| anti-bacterial alkaloids of saracococca saligna. | the crude ethanolic extract of saracococca saligna was found to be cytotoxic and antibacterial but produced no platelet aggregation induced by adp. antibacterial activity of two known alkaloid, pachyaximine-a and saracodine was determined. pachyaximine-a possessed significant antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium pyrogenes. saracodme showed moderate activity against staphylococcus pyrogenes, escherichia coli, staph ... | 2005 | 16431389 |
| erythromycin synergism with essential and trace elements. | in order to establish the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of erythromycin metal complexes have been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of erythromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium have been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with erythromycin by observing th ... | 2005 | 16431396 |
| detection and identification of intestinal pathogenic bacteria by hybridization to oligonucleotide microarrays. | to detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately. | 2005 | 16437687 |
| cephalosporin resistant shigella flexneri from a clinical isolate--a rare finding. | shigellosis is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. antibiotic treatment of dysentery aimed at resolving diarrhea or reducing its duration, and to prevent transmission to other close contacts. isolates with resistance to first line drugs have been reported throughout world, third generation cephalosporins and quinolones are mainstay of treatment. shigella flexneri resistant to third generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate is a rare finding, and this has ... | 2005 | 16438280 |
| aerobic heterotrophic bacterial diversity in sediments of rajakkamangalam estuary, south west coast of india. | the abundance of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population in the sediment sample of six experimental stations (s1 to s6) at rajakkamangalam estuary was studied for a period of one year from march, 1998 to february, 1999. the important bacterial genera encountered were pseudomonas, bacillus, vibrio, escherichia, micrococcus, enterobacter, salmonella, aeromonas, shigella, klebsiella, proteus, alkaligenes, staphylococcus, citrobacter and flavobacterium. the bacterial population based on numerical ... | 2005 | 16459565 |
| immunoproteomics of membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | to screen the immunogenic membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | 2005 | 16425402 |
| [the colicynogenic activity and anthibiotic sensitivity of collected and newly isolated strains of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei]. | among the collection strains of s. flexneri 10.5; 5.5; 2.6; 2.6 and 7.9% of strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftryaxon, cefasoline, chloramphenycol, respectively. the maximum number of r-determinants of one strain was 4. the strains resistant to cefalosporynes were not revealed; among newly isolated strains of this agent, these strains resistant to ampicilline, tetracycline and chloramphenycol made 20%. among the collection and newly isolated strains of s. flexneri, isolated ... | 2005 | 16396114 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | with the aim of setting up an animal model of shigella dysenteriae-induced diarrhea, wistar rats received per os increasing densities of s. dysenteriae type 1 (sd1). inoculum of 12 x 10(8) sd1 provoked dysenteric diarrhea within 24 h. feces of healthy rats were molded, brown to black and rough. rats developing diarrhea presented blood at the anal orifice; stools were soft or liquid containing mucus, or molded, smooth and mucus-coated. at times, stools appeared longer, dark and shiny due to the p ... | 2005 | 16377862 |
| antibiotic principles from a streptomyces species and their sub-acute toxicity studies on hepatic, renal and haemopoietic system of rats. | two promising antibiotics, jf-a and jf-b were isolated from the chloroform extract of a banglaeshi streptomyces strain. the mean zones of inhibition produced by the chloroform extract (400 microg/disc), jf-a (200 microg/disc) and jf-b (200 microg/disc) against 19 pathogenic bacteria were found to be 9-50, 12-38 and 10-41 mm while those produced by a standard antibiotic, kanamycin were 11-40 mm at 30 microg/disc. mics of jf-a and jf-b were determined to be 64 microg/ml against bacillus subtilis a ... | 2005 | 16380336 |
| new vaccines against enteric bacteria for children in less developed countries. | diarrheal diseases represent a major threat to infant survival in less developed countries. a real opportunity now exists to help alleviate this problem through the development of safe and effective multicomponent whole-bacterial cell vaccine(s) against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and shigella, two important pathogens for which no licensed vaccine exists. what is preventing realization of this achievement is a lack of focus on the unique needs of children in less developed countries, along ... | 2005 | 16372876 |
| the utility of lactoferrin in differentiating parasitic from bacterial infections. | lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the 2ry granules of pmn. in order to determine the usefulness of such marker for neutrophilic activity in differentiating cases suffering from amoebic and bacillary dysentery, schistosoma and bacterial uti infections, we examined stool and urine specimens using anti-lactoferrin antibodies (lactoferrin latex agglutination test: lfla), compared with different standard gold techniques. our results demonstrated that cases with either shigllosis or ... | 2005 | 16363291 |
| re-emergence of multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae with added resistance to ciprofloxacin in north india & their plasmid profiles. | multi drug resistant shigellae pose a major threat in control of shigellosis with. shigella dysenteriae being the most prevalent species at our centre before 1994. a gradual decrease in s. dysenteriae occurred over the years with a corresponding increase in s. flexneri which became the predominant serotype. from may to november 2003, an increase in number of patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of dysentery was noted in comparison to previous years, with a corresponding increase in the isol ... | 2005 | 16394329 |
| detection and isolation method for bacterial lysozyme inhibitors by use of lysozyme affinity chromatography. | 2005 | 16366278 | |
| a ph dependent mechanism for inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by hen egg white and lambda lysozymes under high pressure. | 2005 | 16366309 | |
| [symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in kyushu, japan]. | in this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: norovirus, salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shigella sonnei/flexneri (shigella), staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type bacillus cereus. the symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases i ... | 2005 | 16366357 |
| evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer. | temperate bacteriophages have always been central to the evolution of bacteria, although their importance has been consistently underestimated compared to transformation and conjugation. in the last 20 years, as more gene and genome sequences have become available and researchers have more accurately determined bacteriophage populations in the environment, we are gaining a clearer picture of their role in the past and potential role in the future. the transductive and lysogenic capacities of thi ... | 2005 | 16366852 |
| [alibi verification and the pcr method to estimate the source of epidemic for a few notified cases of s. sonnei]. | a few culture-confirmed cases of s. sonnei have been notified from korean hospitals. the source of epidemic can't be firmly determined in such cases because of the rarity of this illness in the local communities and the timing of the outbreaks. the objective of this study is to estimate the source of epidemic by investigating the patients' lifestyles. | 2005 | 16358827 |
| identification of core and variable components of the salmonella enterica subspecies i genome by microarray. | we have performed microarray hybridization studies on 40 clinical isolates from 12 common serovars within salmonella enterica subspecies i to identify the conserved chromosomal gene pool. we were able to separate the core invariant portion of the genome by a novel mathematical approach using a decision tree based on genes ranked by increasing variance. all genes within the core component were confirmed using available sequence and microarray information for s. enterica subspecies i strains. the ... | 2005 | 16299280 |
| community-based safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility study of the shigella sonnei wrss1 vaccine in israeli volunteers. | we describe the first community-based evaluation of shigella sonnei strain wrss1, a live, oral candidate vaccine attenuated by a 212-bp deletion in the virg (or icsa) plasmid virulence gene. three single-dose regimens of wrss1 (5 x 10(3) cfu, 2 x 10(4) cfu, and 4 x 10(5) cfu) were tested with cohorts of 15 adult volunteers. the vaccine was generally well tolerated at the 10(3)- and 10(4)-cfu doses. there were no fevers and there was one report of moderate diarrhea in 30 vaccinees; five additiona ... | 2005 | 16299296 |
| shiga toxin 2 and lipopolysaccharide induce human microvascular endothelial cells to release chemokines and factors that stimulate platelet function. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli are the most common cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). it is well established that vascular endothelial cells, mainly those located in the renal microvasculature, are targets for stxs. the aim of the present research was to evaluate whether e. coli-derived shiga toxin 2 (stx2) incubated with human microvascular endothelial cells (hmec-1) induces release of chemokines and other factors that m ... | 2005 | 16299328 |
| flashlights on bacterial virulence proteins. | 2005 | 16299473 | |
| secretion of type iii effectors into host cells in real time. | type iii secretion (t3s) systems are key features of many gram-negative bacteria that translocate t3s effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. there, t3s effectors exert many effects, such as cellular invasion or modulation of host immune responses. studying spatiotemporal orchestrated secretion of various effectors has been difficult without disrupting their functions. here we developed a new approach using shigella flexneri t3s as a model to investigate bacterial translocation of indi ... | 2005 | 16299482 |
| ready-to-eat shrimp as an international vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods of animal origin is a potential health threat because resistance can be transferred among bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens may not respond to antibiotic treatments. thirteen brands of ready-to-eat shrimp representing four countries of origin were obtained from local grocery stores. total heterotrophic plate counts were determined, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated. total heterotrophic colony counts ranged from 3.3 ... | 2005 | 16300079 |
| pneumonia complicating shigella sonnei dysentery in an hiv-infected adult male. | an hiv-1-infected adult presented with a short history of dyspnoea, productive cough and myalgia with fever. shortly after presentation, he developed the abrupt onset of high-volume watery diarrhoea: stool culture grew shigella sonnei. at the same time, he became hypoxaemic, and thoracic imaging showed bilateral lower lobe consolidation/collapse. culture of sputum and blood was negative. the patient recovered with fluid resuscitation and ciprofloxacin monotherapy. this is the first reported case ... | 2005 | 16303074 |
| purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of cutc, a novel copper homeostasis protein from shigella flexneri. | cutc is a novel copper homeostasis protein containing 248 amino acids. here we report the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of cutc from shigella flexneri 2a. purification of cutc and its selenomethionine (semet) derivate were done using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. the purified proteins were crystallized using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. the diffraction ... | 2005 | 16305556 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in shigella spp. causing travellers' diarrhoea. | eighty isolates of shigella spp. (37 shigella flexneri and 43 shigella sonnei) from patients with travellers' diarrhoea were studied. susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin (65%), tetracycline (78%) and trimethoprim (75%), and particularly among the s. flexneri isolates. dihydrofolate reductase 1 genes (dfra1) were prevalent among the trimethoprim-resistant isolates, while oxa genes predominated among the ampicillin-resistant isolates. chloramphenicol r ... | 2005 | 16307563 |
| [significance of determination of shigella antibiotic resistance in bacteriological diagnosis of dysentery]. | the results of the shigella antibiotic susceptibility assay within 1995-2002 are presented. 1472 cultures from 1158 patients with intestinal infections and bacteria carriers were isolated. the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, ampicillin and ofloxacin. it was shown that s. flexneri and s. sonnei were resistant to tetracycline. the s. flexneri isolates were highly resistant to chloramphenicol (73.3 to 96.0%) while resistance to ... | 2005 | 16308937 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea in zliten, libya. | to determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children from a small semi-urban city in libya and the association of age, gender, seasonal variation, breast-feeding, source of water for drinking, or antibiotic use with the isolation of enteropathogens and whether such agents are community or hospital acquired. | 2005 | 16311662 |
| fur regulates acid resistance in shigella flexneri via ryhb and ydep. | shigella flexneri requires iron for survival, and the genes for iron uptake and homeostasis are regulated by the fur protein. microarrays were used to identify genes regulated by fur and to study the physiological effects of iron availability in s. flexneri. these assays showed that the expression of genes involved in iron acquisition and acid response was induced by low-iron availability and by inactivation of fur. a fur null mutant was acid sensitive in media at ph 2.5, and acid sensitivity wa ... | 2005 | 16313621 |
| [changing patterns of communicable diseases in korea]. | before twentieth centuries and during early twentieth centuries, communicable diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in korea. but reliable data are not available. after 1975, the overall morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, rapidly declined. recently many new pathogenic microbes were recognized: l. monocytogenes, hantaan virus, y. pseudotuberculosis, p. multocida, l. pneumophilia, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), g. seoi, h. capsulatum, c. burnetii, v. choler ... | 2005 | 16315747 |
| [epidemiologic investigation on sporadic occurrence of shigellosis in a subcounty of cheongwon county in chungbuk province in 2003]. | this study was undertaken to investigate the source of infection and mode of transmission of shigellosis, which occurred sporadically among residents and students in a subcounty of cheongwon county, chungbuk province, korea, from june 4 to july 3 2003. | 2005 | 16315756 |
| [epidemiologic investigation on an outbreak of shigellosis in seongju-gun, korea, 2003]. | an outbreak of shigellosis occurred among students and staff of s primary and middle school, seongju-gun, in 2003. this investigation was carried out to institute an effective counterplan, and study the infection source and transmission of the shigellosis. | 2005 | 16315757 |
| detection of cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed patients. | cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in children and immunosuppressed persons. it is an opportunistic pathogen. a study was done to determine the frequency of cryptosporidium in immunosuppressed persons. | 2005 | 16320794 |
| use of ramification amplification assay for detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other e. coli shiga toxin-producing strains. | escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains are important human pathogens that are mainly transmitted through the food chain. these pathogens have a low infectious dose and may cause life-threatening illnesses. however, detection of this microorganism in contaminated food or a patient's stool specimens presents a diagnostic challenge because of the low copy number in the sample. often, a more sensitive nucleic acid amplification method, such as pcr, is require ... | 2005 | 16333102 |
| in-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin (keflin). | keflin (kefl) interacts with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metal ions leading to complexes of the type m(kefl)2cl2 and m(kefl)cl2, which have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. magnetic moment, ir, electronic spectral and elemental analyses data suggest that keflin behaves tridentately forming octahedral or trigonal bipyramidal complexes with the metal ions mentioned above. the new compounds have been screened in-vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity ag ... | 2005 | 16335054 |
| [construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain, sf301 delta virg and dsba33g]. | construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneria 2a sf301 vaccine strain to prevent the endemic of shigellosis. using chinese majority epidemic shigella flexneri 2a serotype sf301 as the target, p delta virg, a deletion derivation of the virg gene in the sacb suicide vector pcvd442 and pdsba33g, an mutant of a disulfide bond catalyst dsba, replaced its 33 amiano acid cystine by glycerin in pcvd442, were used to generate a attenuated mutant strain sf301: delta virg: dsba3 ... | 2005 | 16342769 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | the incidence of typhoid fever and shigellosis parallels that of malaria, so many individuals who are on antimalarial drugs can be found in areas where these diseases are widespread. we investigated the effect of quinine sulfate on the growth and invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri m90t to determine whether people on antimalarials can have secondary gain from some protection against typhoid fever and shigellosis. | 2005 | 16343387 |
| carriage by the housefly (musca domestica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospital and other urban environments in misurata, libya. | using standard microbiological procedures, bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans were isolated from 150 houseflies collected in the libyan city of misurata (50 flies each from the central hospital, streets and abattoir). salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica and edwardsiella tarda were isolated from flies collected on the streets and in the abattoir but not from those collected in the hospital. shigella sonnei was detected in just one fly, which was collected in the abattoir. of ... | 2005 | 16297293 |
| comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of s. dysenteriae subgroup. | genomic compositions of representatives of thirteen s. dysenteriae serotypes were investigated by performing comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) with microarray containing the whole genomic orfs (open reading frames, orfs) of e. coli k12 strain mg1655 and specific orfs of s. dysenteriae a1 strain sd51197. the cgh results indicated the genomes of the serotypes contain 2654 conserved orfs originating from e. coli. however, 219 intrinsic genes of e. coli including those prophage genes, molecula ... | 2005 | 16248434 |
| molecular markers for detection of pathogenic escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups o 138 and o 139. | escherichia coli strains belonging to o-serogroup 138 and 139 are important as disease agents in pigs causing post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease. several types of shiga toxin-producing o 138 and o 139 strains were isolated from diarrheic humans and from cattle and food of bovine origin. serotyping is the current method for detection of o 138 and o 139 strains but its applicability can be limited due to the presence of capsules and capsular-like bacterial surface antigens and in the case of ... | 2005 | 16280204 |
| immunoproteomics of outer membrane proteins and extracellular proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | shigella flexneri 2a is an important pathogen causing bacillary dysentery in humans. in order to investigate any potential vaccine candidate proteins present in outer membrane proteins (omps) and extracellular proteins of s. flexneri 2a 2457t, we use the proteome mapping and database analyzing techniques. a subproteome map and database of omps were established first. one hundred and nine of the total 126 marked spots were cut out and processed to maldi-tof-ms and pmf. eighty-seven spots were ide ... | 2005 | 16281178 |
| late detection of a shigellosis outbreak in a school in madrid. | even though shigellosis in spain is rare, an indigenous outbreak is occasionally detected. we describe an outbreak in a school in madrid caused by person-to-person transmission of shigella sonnei. after the detection of shigella sonnei in a stool sample from a 3 year old girl, an investigation at her school was initiated. questionnaires were distributed to the parents of 520 pupils attending the school. a case was defined as a school case if it was the first case in a child's household, and as a ... | 2005 | 16282643 |
| estimating the burden of shigellosis in thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study. | to estimate incidence of shigellosis in the kaengkhoi district, saraburi province, thailand. | 2005 | 16283050 |
| risk factors for mortality due to shigellosis: a case-control study among severely-malnourished children in bangladesh. | to determine the risk factors for death of severely-malnourished bangladeshi children with shigellosis, a case-control study was conducted at the clinical research and service centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research in dhaka, bangladesh. one hundred severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the national center for health statistics), with a positive stool culture for shigella dysenteriae type 1 or s. flexneri, who died during hospitalization, were comp ... | 2005 | 16262023 |
| the mreb and min cytoskeletal-like systems play independent roles in prokaryotic polar differentiation. | establishment of an axis of cell polarity and differentiation of the cell poles are fundamental aspects of cellular development in many organisms. we compared the effects of two bacterial cytoskeletal-like systems, the mreb and mincde systems, on these processes in escherichia coli. we report that the min proteins are capable of establishing an axis of oscillation that is the initial step in establishment of polarity in spherical cells, in a process that is independent of the mreb cytoskeleton. ... | 2005 | 16262780 |
| construction of prophylactic human papillomavirus type 16 l1 capsid protein vaccine delivered by live attenuated shigella flexneri strain sh42. | to express human papillomavirus (hpv) l1 capsid protein in the recombinant strain of shigella and study the potential of a live attenuated shigella-based hpv prophylactic vaccine in preventing hpv infection, the icsa/virg fragment of shigella-based prokaryotic expression plasmid phs3199 was constructed. hpv type 16 l1 (hpv16l1) gene was inserted into plasmid phs3199 to form the phs3199-hpv16l1 construct, and phs3199-hpv16l1 was electroporated into a live attenuated shigella strain sh42. western ... | 2005 | 16270153 |
| shigella flexneri perinephric abscess and bacteremia. | 2005 | 16270768 | |
| peptidoglycan degradation by specialized lytic transglycosylases associated with type iii and type iv secretion systems. | specialized lytic transglycosylases are muramidases capable of locally degrading the peptidoglycan meshwork of gram-negative bacteria. specialized lytic transglycosylase genes are present in clusters encoding diverse macromolecular transport systems. this paper reports the analysis of selected members of the specialized lytic transglycosylase family from type iii and type iv secretion systems. these proteins were analysed in vivo by assaying their ability to complement the dna transfer defect of ... | 2005 | 16272370 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial action of tea: the commonest beverage of asia. | the methanolic extract of leaves of camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze was screened for antimicrobial property against 111 bacteria comprising 2 genera of gram positive and 7 genera of gram negative bacteria. most of these strains were inhibited by the compound at 10-50 microg/ml level and few strains were sensitive even at lower concentrations (5 microg/ml). the bacteria could be arranged in the decreasing order of sensitivity towards the compound in the following manner: staphylococcus aureus, vi ... | 2005 | 16272702 |
| preparation of monoclonal antibody and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for escherichia coli o157 in foods. | to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mab) and antisera specific for escherichia coli (e. coli) o157, and to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect e. coli o157 in foods. | 2005 | 16274107 |
| species diversity and antimicrobial resistance of shigella spp. isolated between 2001 and 2004 from hospitalized children with diarrhoea in kolkata (calcutta), india. | the incidence, phenotypic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of 193 shigella strains isolated from 2489 hospitalized children with acute diarrhoea were studied during january 2001 to august 2004. s. flexneri (60%) was the most prevalent serogroup, followed by s. sonnei (23.8%), s. dysenteriae (9.8%) and s. boydii (5.7%). since 2002, s. flexneri 2a was the most dominant serotype. almost all s. flexneri strains exhibited resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, na ... | 2005 | 16274506 |
| genome dynamics and diversity of shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery. | the shigella bacteria cause bacillary dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. the genus status and species classification appear no longer valid, as compelling evidence indicates that shigella, as well as enteroinvasive escherichia coli, are derived from multiple origins of e.coli and form a single pathovar. nevertheless, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 causes deadly epidemics but shigella boydii is restricted to the indian subcontinent, while shigella flexneri and shigel ... | 2005 | 16275786 |
| the burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in north jakarta, indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance. | in preparation of vaccines trials to estimate protection against shigellosis and cholera we conducted a two-year community-based surveillance study in an impoverished area of north jakarta which provided updated information on the disease burden in the area. | 2005 | 16242013 |
| functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) and its components. | the functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) have been studied. soy sauce promotes digestion, because the consumption of a cup of clear soup containing soy sauce enhances gastric juice secretion in humans. soy sauce possesses antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, vibrio cholera, salmonella enteritidis, nonpathogenic escherichia coli and pathogenic e. coli o157:h7. soy sauce also contains an antihypertensive component. an ... | 2005 | 16243270 |
| helical packing of needles from functionally altered shigella type iii secretion systems. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with eukaryotic host cells using type iii secretion systems (ttsss or secretons), which comprise cytoplasmic, transmembrane and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle-like structure protruding 60 nm beyond the bacterial surface. the ttss is activated to transfer bacterial proteins directly into a host cell only upon physical contact with the target cell. we showed previously that the monomer of the shigella flexneri needle, mxi ... | 2005 | 16243352 |
| the needle component of the type iii secreton of shigella regulates the activity of the secretion apparatus. | gram-negative bacteria commonly interact with eukaryotic host cells by using type iii secretion systems (ttsss or secretons). ttsss serve to transfer bacterial proteins into host cells. two translocators, ipab and ipac, are first inserted with the aid of ipad by shigella into the host cell membrane. then at least two supplementary effectors of cell invasion, ipaa and ipgd, are transferred into the host cytoplasm. how ttsss are induced to secrete is unknown, but their activation appears to requir ... | 2005 | 16227202 |
| the epidemiology of travel-associated shigellosis--regional risks, seasonality and serogroups. | to give a detailed risk estimate of contracting travel-associated shigellosis in various regions of the world. | 2005 | 16230220 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains ... | 2005 | 16206827 |
| identification of the plasmid and the structural gene of colicin type 7 of shigella sonnei. | shigella sonnei colicin 7 (scol7) is a unique bacteriocin acting only on certain dysentery-causing bacteria, like enteroinvasive escherichia coli, s. sonnei or s. boydii. we identified a 4.2 md plasmid (pscol7) conferring scol7 production to the transformants. the entire plasmid was sequenced (gene bank accession number aj318075) and the structure gene of scol7 production (sc7a) was identified. analyzing the sequence of the plasmid revealed extensive homology to other colicin plasmids, particula ... | 2005 | 16196210 |
| abl kinases regulate actin comet tail elongation via an n-wasp-dependent pathway. | microbial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to modulate the host cell cytoskeleton to achieve a productive infection and have proven instrumental for unraveling the molecular machinery that regulates actin polymerization. here we uncover a mechanism for shigella flexneri-induced actin comet tail elongation that links abl family kinases to n-wasp-dependent actin polymerization. we show that the abl kinases are required for shigella actin comet tail formation, maximal intracellular motilit ... | 2005 | 16199863 |
| emergence of quinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in canada. | 2005 | 16200675 | |
| characterization of microorganisms in argentinean honeys from different sources. | seventy polyfloral honeys including commercial samples obtained from supermarkets, harvested from apiaries and purchased in bulk were initially examined for total antibacterial activity. from each sample, numbers of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms, moulds and yeasts were determined and the presence of salmonella spp., shigella spp., clostridium sulfite-reducers, paenibacillus larvae and bacillus spp. was investigated. moisture content, ph and total acidity were also determined for a ... | 2005 | 16169624 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel derivatives of benzofuran: part 1. synthesis and antimicrobial activity of (benzofuran-2-yl)(3-phenyl-3-methylcyclobutyl) ketoxime derivatives. | the reaction of salicylaldehyde with 1-phenyl-1-methyl-3-(2-chloro-1-oxoethyl) cyclobutane (1) and potassium carbonate was used to prepare (benzofuran-2-yl)(3-methyl-3-phenylcyclobutyl) methanone (2) for the starting reagent purposes. (benzofuran-2-yl)(3-phenyl-3-methyl cyclobutyl) ketoxime (3) was synthesized from the reaction of the compound (2) with hidroxylamine. new derivatives of (benzofuran-2-yl)(3-phenyl-3-methyl cyclobutyl) ketoxime (3) such as, o-glycidylketoxime (4) and o-phenylacylke ... | 2005 | 16129517 |
| infectious diarrheal outbreaks in the israeli military, 1988-2002. | we analyzed 865 diarrheal outbreaks with an identified bacterial pathogen or unknown cause that occurred in the israeli military between 1988 and 2002. the number of outbreaks per year declined over the study period, as did the proportion of outbreaks with an identified pathogen. shigella, salmonella, and staphylococcus species were the bacteria most commonly isolated. seventy percent of the outbreaks involved < 35 cases and only 5% involved > 100 cases. more than one-half of the outbreaks occur ... | 2005 | 16130648 |
| [effects of different compositions of gegenqinlian decoction on experimental shigellosis in rabbits]. | to investigate the relations between different compositions of gegenqinlian decoction and their effects on experimental shigellosis in rabbits to explore the composition protocol of gegenqinlian decoction. | 2005 | 16174580 |
| outbreaks associated with recreational water in the united states. | in this article, we review the causes of outbreaks associated with recreational water during 1971-2000. a bacterial or protozoan etiology was identified in three-quarters of the outbreaks; 23% of the outbreaks were of undetermined etiology. the most frequently identified agents were cryptosporidium (15%), pseudomonas (14%), shigella (13%), naegleria (11%), giardia (6%), and toxigenic e. coli (6%). outbreaks attributed to shigella, e. coli o157:h7, and naegleria were primarily associated with swi ... | 2005 | 16175741 |
| a new genetic test for the rapid identification of shiga-toxines producing (stec), enteropathogenic (epec) e. coli isolates from children. | routine bacteriological techniques do not allow detection of the most frequent enteric pathogens in young children: enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and shigatoxinogenic e. coli (stec/ehec). since there is no correlation between serotype and pathotype, a genotypic determination is therefore necessary for the identification of these pathogenic strains. we evaluated the genotype ehec test (hain life science, germany), a new rapid system based on dna multiplex amplification and further hybr ... | 2005 | 16176859 |
| epidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection. | this review summarizes epidemiologic studies published between april 2004 and march 2005. dna of helicobacter pylori was detected in river water, but the culture was unsuccessful. h. pylori infection was associated with shigella infection. despite many studies, predominant infection routes of h. pylori have not yet been clearly identified. in some limited populations in developing countries, h. pylori infection was rare or with strange distributions. trials to reduce the h. pylori infection rate ... | 2005 | 16178964 |
| an unusual case of diarrhea. | the clue to this patient's correct diagnosis was his recent return from india. he usually visits there on an annual basis and the occurrence of posttravel infection has been noted in his medical records. this case study shows the importance of assessing patients for fever, abdominal cramps and diarrhea after recent travel outside of the united states. shigella gastroenteritis should be in the differential diagnosis for patients with the above clinical presentation. the keys for diagnosis and pro ... | 2005 | 16180784 |
| shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli pathogenicity factors. | bacteria of shigella spp. (s. boydii, s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri and s. sonnei) and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) are responsible for shigellosis in humans, a disease characterized by the destruction of the colonic mucosa that is induced upon bacterial invasion. shigella spp. and eiec strains contain a virulence plasmid of approximately 220 kb that encodes determinants for entry into epithelial cells and dissemination from cell to cell. this review presents the current model on mechani ... | 2005 | 16182469 |
| characterization of the periplasmic heme-binding protein shut from the heme uptake system of shigella dysenteriae. | the heme uptake systems by which bacterial pathogens acquire and utilize heme have recently been described. such systems may utilize heme directly from the host's hemeproteins or via a hemophore that sequesters and transports heme to an outer membrane receptor and subsequently to the translocating proteins by which heme is further transported into the cell. however, little is known of the heme binding and release mechanisms that facilitate the uptake of heme into the pathogenic organism. as a fi ... | 2005 | 16185086 |
| a bacterial group ii intron-encoded reverse transcriptase localizes to cellular poles. | the lactococcus lactis ll.ltrb group ii intron encodes a reverse transcriptase (ltra protein) that binds the intron rna to promote rna splicing and intron mobility. here, we used ltra-gfp fusions and immunofluorescence microscopy to show that ltra localizes to cellular poles in escherichia coli and lactococcus lactis. this polar localization occurs with or without coexpression of ll.ltrb intron rna, is observed over a wide range of cellular growth rates and expression levels, and is independent ... | 2005 | 16186487 |
| [dysentery in poland in 2003]. | the notified number of dysentery cases is the lowest in this century and even every year decreasing. only 75 cases were notified in the year 2003 (incidence rate 0.20/100 000 population) while 220 cases were registered in 2002 (incidence 0.58/100 000 population). no one death case was notified. the last three death cases were notified in 1999. only one outbreak of dysentery (due to s. flexneri 2a) was registered involving 23 patients/111 residents of social home for mentally disabled men. source ... | 2005 | 16190529 |
| the shigella flexneri effector ospg interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. | bacteria of shigella spp. are responsible for shigellosis in humans. they use a type iii secretion system to inject effector proteins into host cells and induce their entry into epithelial cells or trigger apoptosis in macrophages. we present evidence that the effector ospg is a protein kinase that binds various ubiquitinylated ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, including ubch5, which belongs to the stem cell factor scf(beta-trcp) complex promoting ubiquitination of phosphorylated inhibitor of nf-ka ... | 2005 | 16162672 |
| a survey of antimicrobial resistance in a tertiary referral hospital in the united arab emirates. | published data on antimicrobial resistance are lacking for the united arab emirates (uae). knowledge of local patterns of resistance is essential to optimize guidelines for empirical antimicrobial treatment. awareness of susceptibility patterns in other parts of the world may be important for determining empirical antimicrobial therapy for travelers or patients transferred from abroad. antibiograms from unique isolates of common hospital and community bacteria are described in a tertiary referra ... | 2005 | 16167515 |
| genetic diversity of shigella species from different intercontinental sources. | one hundred and twenty three strains of shigella spp. (mostly shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri) were isolated between 1995 and 2000 from patients suffering from traveller's diarrhoea. seventy nine of them have been typed by digestion of their chromosomal dna with xba i and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. results show a high degree of heterogeneity in both s. sonnei and s. flexneri isolates. this is the first time that the molecular typing of such a high number of geographically unrelated ... | 2005 | 16168941 |
| occurrence of shigellosis in the young and elderly in rural china: results of a 12-month population-based surveillance study. | in 2002, population- and treatment center-based surveillance was used to study the disease burden of shigellosis in rural hebei province in the people's republic of china. a total of 10,105 children with diarrhea or dysentery were enrolled. infants were treated most frequently for diarrhea (1,388/1,000/year) followed by children < or = 5 years old (618/1,000/year). shigellosis was treated most often in children 3-4 years old (32/1,000/year) and people > 60 years of age (7/1,000/year). fifty-six ... | 2005 | 16103614 |
| activity of tigecycline tested against a global collection of enterobacteriaceae, including tetracycline-resistant isolates. | steadily increasing resistance among the enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has compromised the utility of these commonly used antimicrobial classes for many community- or hospital-acquired infections. the development of tigecycline, the sentinel representative of a novel class of broad-spectrum agents (the glycylcyclines), represents an important milestone in addressing this critical need. resistance to tigecyc ... | 2005 | 16105566 |
| synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea & antibiotics. | tea leaves are known for its antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. in this study we attempted to describe the synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea and antibiotics against enteropathogens. antimicrobial activity of boiled water tea extract and organic solvent extract were studied against salmonella typhimurium 1402/84, s. typhi, s. typhi ty2a, shigella dysenteriae, yersinia enterocolitica c770, and escherichia coli (epec p2 1265) determining minimum inhibitory concentration (mi ... | 2005 | 16106094 |
| purification and molecular characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by lactobacillus murinus strain l1. | the aim of this work was to purify and characterize antibacterial compounds produced by lactobacillus murinus strain l1. | 2005 | 16108807 |
| presence of multiple sites containing polar material in spherical escherichia coli cells that lack mreb. | in rod-shaped bacteria, certain proteins are specifically localized to the cell poles. the nature of the positional information that leads to the proper localization of these proteins is unclear. in a screen for factors required for the localization of the shigella sp. actin assembly protein icsa to the bacterial pole, a mutant carrying a transposon insertion in mreb displayed altered targeting of icsa. the phenotype of cells containing a transposon insertion in mreb was indistinguishable from t ... | 2005 | 16109960 |
| involvement of prostaglandins in an animal model of shigella-related seizures. | we investigated whether prostaglandins (pgs), proinflammatory mediators implicated in excitatory activity, are involved in shigella-related seizures. pretreatment with s. dysenteriae sonicate (2ld(50)) enhanced mice response to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, without increase of brain concentrations of pge(2), pgd(2) or pgf(2alpha). preinjection of ns-398, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, before treatment with shigella sonicate, had no effect on seizures. the anticonvulsive pgd(2) increase ... | 2005 | 16139898 |
| shigellosis among swimmers in a freshwater lake. | shigella infection is highly communicable; however, outbreaks associated with swimming in recreational fresh water are rarely identified. | 2005 | 16144171 |
| optimal word sizes for dissimilarity measures and estimation of the degree of dissimilarity between dna sequences. | several measures of dna sequence dissimilarity have been developed. the purpose of this paper is 3-fold. firstly, we compare the performance of several word-based or alignment-based methods. secondly, we give a general guideline for choosing the window size and determining the optimal word sizes for several word-based measures at different window sizes. thirdly, we use a large-scale simulation method to simulate data from the distribution of sk-ld (symmetric kullback-leibler discrepancy). these ... | 2005 | 16144805 |
| [epidemiological situation in enteric infections in the republic of armenia]. | 2005 | 16146241 | |
| ala160 and his116 residues are involved in activity and specificity of apyrase, an atp-hydrolysing enzyme produced by enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | the virulence plasmid-carried apy (phon2) gene of shigella and related enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) encodes apyrase, an atp-diphosphohydrolase belonging to class a of the non-specific acid phosphatases (a-nsaps). apyrase and a-nsaps share three domains of conserved amino acids (domains d1-d3) containing residues forming the putative active site of apyrase. in spite of their similarity, apyrase and a-nsaps show different substrate specificity, apyrase being able to hydrolyse nucleotide ... | 2005 | 16151198 |
| caspase-1 dependent macrophage death induced by burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent for melioidosis, an infectious disease endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. infection can result in a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, including asymtomatic, acute or chronic conditions. the ability of the bacteria to survive intracellularly within phagocytes and non-phagocytes is postulated to help this pathogen persist in the body during latent chronic conditions. in some gram-negative bacteria, such as shigella and salmonella, ... | 2005 | 16153244 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae from neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal diseases hospital in bangladesh. | very little is known about vibrio cholerae infection in neonates with diarrhoea. | 2005 | 16156982 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. | a case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome following dysentery due to ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 is reported for the first time. the increasing resistance of s. dysenteriae serotype 1 to many commonly available antimicrobial agents has implications for the management of dysentery. the choice of antimicrobial treatment for s. dysenteriae serotype 1 infections should take into account widespread drug resistance and the risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | 2005 | 16157557 |
| rapid differentiation among bacteria that cause gastroenteritis by use of low-resolution raman spectroscopy and pls discriminant analysis. | use of classical microbiological methods to differentiate bacteria that cause gastroenteritis is cumbersome but usually very efficient. the high cost of reagents and the time required for such identifications, approximately four days, could have serious consequences, however, mainly when the patients are children, the elderly, or adults with low resistance. the search for new methods enabling rapid and reagentless differentiation of these microorganisms is, therefore, extremely relevant. in this ... | 2005 | 16158301 |
| pathogenicity of shigella in healthy carriers: a study in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. | shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients and non-diarrheal carriers were examined by pcr for the presence of two pathogenic genes, chromosomal ipah and invasive plasmid encoded ial. shigella spp. were detected in 7 of 72 diarrheal cases examined (9.7%), and 9 of 145 non-diarrheal cases (6.2%). all isolates from diarrheal cases harbored both ipah and ial, while all isolates from non-diarrheal cases were positive for ipah but not ial. these results suggested that shigella spp. in healthy car ... | 2005 | 16116257 |
| bacterial contamination of vhuswa--a local weaning food and stored drinking-water in impoverished households in the venda region of south africa. | bacterial contaminants of vhuswa--a traditional maize-based weaning food, and domestic drinking-water stored in impoverished rural households in venda of limpopo province, south africa, were determined. one hundred and twenty-five samples of vhuswa fed to children aged less than five years were assessed for escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, and shigella. the microbiological quality of 125 drinking-water samples was also evaluated using total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and fae ... | 2005 | 16117367 |
| antimicrobial responses of yersinia enterocolitica isolates in comparison to other commonly encountered bacteria that causes diarrhoea. | to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of yersinia enterocolitica, shigella, e. coli and salmonella isolated strains from diarrhoeal out-patients. | 2005 | 16119753 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 3 infections among men who have sex with men--chicago, illinois, 2003-2004. | during 2003-2004, the chicago department of public health (cdph) investigated an increase in reported shigella flexneri serotype 3 infections among adult males. this report summarizes the investigation into those cases and underscores the potential for sexual transmission of enteric infections among men who have sex with men (msm). | 2005 | 16121121 |