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an improved whole cell pertussis vaccine with reduced content of endotoxin.an improved whole cell pertussis vaccine, designated as plow, which is low in endotoxicity due to a chemical extraction of lipo-oligosaccharide (los) from the outer membrane, was evaluated for safety, immunogenicity and potency, comparatively to a traditional whole cell pertussis vaccine. current whole cell pertussis vaccines are effective but contain large quantities of endotoxin and consequently display local and systemic adverse reactions after administration. endotoxin is highly inflammatory ...201323291935
confocal microscopy study of pertussis toxin and toxoids on cho-cells.pertussis toxin in its detoxified form is a major component of all current acellular pertussis vaccines. here we report the membrane translocation and internalization activities of pertussis toxin and various pertussis toxoids using chinese hamster ovary cells and confocal microscopy based on indirect immunofluorescence labeling. chemically detoxified pertussis toxoids were able to translocate/internalize into cells at the concentration about 1,000 times higher than the native toxin. pertussis t ...201323291938
a cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant for acellular pertussis vaccine improves the protective response against bordetella pertussis.we investigated the adjuvant effect of cpg odn alone or in combination with aluminum hydroxide on the immune response to the three main antigens presented in current acellular pertussis vaccines: pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin. the development of protection in mice was investigated for the intra-peritoneal and intra-nasal immunisation routes. the results showed that cpg odn alone, or in combination with aluminum hydroxide, gave enhancement in anti-pertussis toxin, ant ...201323291942
bordetella pertussis infection in a child with completed primary immunization: a case report.a 20 mo old male child, born at 31 weeks, presented to an out-of-hours general practitioner (gp) with a 7 d history of cough and fever. there was history of post-tussive vomiting. on assessment a pernasal swab was cultured from which b. pertussis was isolated. this child had received a complete course of primary immunization. in the light of recent increase in pertussis cases in the united kingdom we would like to use this case report to increase the awareness among clinicians to the possibility ...201323291950
immune mechanisms and the impact of the disrupted lung microbiome in chronic bacterial lung infection and bronchiectasis.recent studies analysing immunogenetics and immune mechanisms controlling susceptibility to chronic bacterial infection in bronchiectasis implicate dysregulated immunity in conjunction with chronic bacterial infection. bronchiectasis is a structural pathological end-point with many causes and disease associations. in about half of cases it is termed idiopathic, because it is of unknown aetiology. bronchiectasis is proposed to result from a 'vicious cycle' of chronic bacterial infection and dysre ...201323286938
separation and detection of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated bvga, a bordetella pertussis response regulator, in vivo and in vitro.protein phosphorylation plays a central role in signal transduction in bacteria. however, separation and detection of the phosphorylated protein from its nonphosphorylated form remain challenging. here we describe a method to detect phosphorylation of the bordetella pertussis response regulator bvga, which is phosphorylated at an aspartate residue (boulanger et al., 2013). this method is based on the proprietary adduct, phos-tag™, a dinuclear metal complex, which together with zn(2+) or mn(2+), ...201327747260
the role of natural killer cells in pulmonary immunosurveillance.natural killer (nk) cells were originally identified as lymphocytes capable of killing cancer cells without prior sensitization (1). further characterization of these cells in both humans and rodent models has expanded their role towards a broad-based immunosurveillance of diseased and healthy peripheral tissues. among peripheral organs, the lung contains the largest percentage of nk cells. accordingly, nk cells are implicated in many immunological responses within the lung, including innate eff ...201323277070
national immunization program in iran: whys and why nots.the national immunization program of iran has played an important role in achievements toward the control, elimination and eradication of some important infectious diseases. however, there are challenges regarding both diseases covered by the program and the type of vaccine or route of delivery, which are discussed in this commentary. the current immunization program does not provide vaccines for rotavirus, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib), varicella, pneumococcal and influenza. there are als ...201323442584
expression, purification and characterization of three overlapping immunodominant recombinant fragments from bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin.filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) is one of the most important immunoprotective antigens of bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) and a major component of the acellular pertussis vaccine. in the present study, three overlapping recombinant fragments from the immunodominant region of fha were produced and their immunogenicity was investigated.201323626873
the rtx pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin of uropathogenic escherichia coli: progress and perspectives.members of the rtx family of protein toxins are functionally conserved among an assortment of bacterial pathogens. by disrupting host cell integrity through their pore-forming and cytolytic activities, this class of toxins allows pathogens to effectively tamper with normal host cell processes, promoting pathogenesis. here, we focus on the biology of rtx toxins by describing salient properties of a prototype member, α-hemolysin, which is often encoded by strains of uropathogenic escherichia coli. ...201323252494
characterization of a mazef toxin-antitoxin homologue from staphylococcus equorum.toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems encoded in prokaryotic genomes fall into five types, typically composed of two distinct small molecules, an endotoxic protein and a cis-encoded antitoxin of ribonucleic or proteinaceous nature. in silico analysis revealed seven putative type i and three putative type ii ta systems in the genome of the nonpathogenic species strain staphylococcus equorum se3. among these, a mazef system orthologue termed mazef(seq) was further characterized. 5' rapid amplification of c ...201323104807
antibody responses to vaccination among south african hiv-exposed and unexposed uninfected infants during the first 2 years of life.hiv-exposed but uninfected (heu) infants born to hiv-infected mothers from areas in the world with a high burden of infectious disease suffer higher infectious morbidity and mortality than their hiv unexposed uninfected (huu) peers. vaccination provides protection from infection. the possibility exists that altered response to vaccination contributes to the higher rate of infection in heu than in huu infants. while short-term, cross-sectional studies support this notion, it is unclear whether or ...201323114697
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with bordetella pertussis infection. 201223069800
seroprevalence of bordetella pertussis antibodies to pertussis toxin among healthy children.pertussis or whooping cough is a highly communicable, vaccine-preventable acute respiratory tract disease, caused mainly by bordetella pertussis. in this study, serosurveillance of igg antibodies against pertussis toxin was carried out in healthy children, aged 3 months to 12 years, from the multiethnic cities of islamabad and rawalpindi, pakistan. kruskal- wallis test was applied to determine the difference among groups. the results showed that the average values of pertussis toxin igg dropped ...201223058160
resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models.pertussis has recently re-emerged in well-vaccinated populations most likely due to a combination of pathogen adaptation and waning of vaccine-induced pertussis immunity. changes in genomic content of the etiologic agent, bordetella pertussis, observed in the postvaccination era can have a bearing on the efficacy of vaccines currently in use. moreover, protective immune responses in vaccinees wane gradually depending on their originally induced size and breadth, and memory responses may not be a ...201223151168
[pertussis in poland in 2010].pertussis is an acute infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. it is the infection of the re-emerging character and affects infants, youth and more frequently adults. the results of the nationwide surveillance study of pertussis conducted at the department of epidemiology (niph-nih) in 2009-2011 confirmed the high incidence of pertussis in adults, among whom the only symptom of bordetella pertussis infection was prolonged cough. the emphasis should be put on the fact that the infected ...201223101206
[modification of pertussis vaccination schedule in chile, immunization of special groups and control strategies: commentary from the consultive committee of immunizations of the chilean society of infectious diseases].in chile, an increased number of notifications of cases of whooping cough was detected at the beginning of october 2010, and maintained through 2012. accumulated cases during 2011 were 2,581 (15.0 per 100,000), which is greater than the number of cases registered during the period 2008-2010 (2,460 cases). on the other hand, the local sanitary authority introduced a modification of pertussis vaccination schedule (starting 2012), which consists in the replacement of the second booster of pertussis ...201223096469
[infection by bordetella pertussis: towards its erradication?]. 201223096463
the inhibitory g protein g(i) identified as pertussis toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation.pertussis toxin (ptx) produced by bordetella pertussis was first introduced by ui and his colleagues in research on signal transduction under the name islet-activating protein in 1979, when the mechanism of toxin-induced stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets was reported in the rat. the stimulatory effect of ptx in vivo results from the blockage of α(2)-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of insulin release. the receptor-induced inhibition of camp formation was also abolished ...201223207763
dual mechanism of protection by live attenuated bordetella pertussis bpze1 against bordetella bronchiseptica in mice.bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative bacterium, causes chronic respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including man, and no human vaccine is currently available. acellular pertussis vaccines protect poorly against b. bronchiseptica, although they contain cross-reactive antigens. we have recently developed bordetella pertussis bpze1, a novel, live attenuated pertussis vaccine, currently completing phase i clinical trials in humans, and found that it protects agai ...201222814407
bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy.bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ...201222339216
re-emergence of pertussis: what are the solutions?whooping cough, due to bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. despite widespread pertussis immunization in childhood, there are an estimated 50 million cases and 300,000 deaths due to pertussis globally each year. infants who are too young to be vaccinated, children who are partially vaccinated and fully-vaccinated persons with waning immunity are especially vulnerable to disease. since pertussis is one of the vaccine-preven ...201223249233
evolution of french bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis isolates: increase of bordetellae not expressing pertactin.bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis are closely related bacterial agents of whooping cough. whole-cell pertussis (wp) vaccine was introduced in france in 1959. acellular pertussis (ap) vaccine was introduced in 1998 as an adolescent booster and was rapidly generalized to the whole population, changing herd immunity by specifically targeting the virulence of the bacteria. we performed a temporal analysis of all french b. pertussis and b. parapertussis isolates collected since 2000 u ...201222717007
prevalence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections in tunisian hospitalized infants: results of a 4-year prospective study.the prevalence of pertussis in tunisia remains undetermined essentially because of the unavailability of a basic laboratory diagnostic service. specific diagnostic tools were applied for the first time in a tunisian prospective study in order to get a first estimation of the prevalence of bordetella pertussis/parapertussis infections and to evaluate their use to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of these infections in tunisian infants. between 2007 and 2011, a total of 626 samples from ...201222313629
[seroprevalence of antibodies against lipopolysaccharides of bordetella parapertussis in patients with prolonged caught in poland].bordetella parapertussis is a bacterium closely related to bordetella pertussis, also causes a pertussis - like symptoms in humans. because of unsatisfactory level of routine microbiological diagnosis of b. parapertussis infections in poland most of parapertussis cases are not reported. the aim of the presented study was to investigate incidence of b. parapertussis in patients with cough in poland using serology method.201223484419
towards selective inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase toxin from bordetella pertussis.whooping cough is a very important medical problem that requires novel approaches for treatment. the disease is caused by bordetella pertussis, with the calmodulin (cam)-activated adenylyl cyclase (ac) toxin (also known as cyaa) being a major virulence factor. hence, cyaa inhibitors could constitute novel therapeutics, but it has been difficult to develop potent drugs with high selectivity over mammalian membranous acs (macs). recent studies have shown that bis-anthraniloyl-substituted nucleosid ...201222578665
new pertussis vaccination approaches: en route to protect newborns?pertussis or whooping cough is a life-threatening childhood disease, particularly severe during the first months of life, although adolescent and adult pertussis is increasingly more noted. general vaccination has tremendously reduced its incidence but has failed to bring it completely under control. in fact, it remains one of the most poorly controlled vaccine-preventable diseases in the world. new vaccination strategies are thus being explored. these include vaccination of pregnant mothers to ...201222574832
aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in an h1n1 pandemic year: the role of respiratory viruses.this study aimed to determine the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) by adding polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to conventional methods and to describe the clinical and laboratory features between patients with bacterial pneumonia (bp) and viral pneumonia (vp). adults with cap admitted from november 2009 to october 2010 were included. demographics, comorbidities, severity and clinical features were recorded. conventional microbiological methods included blood and sputum cultures, acu ...201222549730
a gel-free proteomic-based method for the characterization of bordetella pertussis clinical isolates.bordetella pertussis (bp) is the etiologic agent of pertussis or whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease occurring primarily in infants and young children. although vaccine preventable, pertussis cases have increased over the years leading researchers to re-evaluate vaccine control strategies. since bacterial outer membrane proteins, comprising the surfaceome, often play roles in pathogenesis and antibody-mediated immunity, three recent bp circulating isolates were examined using ...201222537821
bordetella pertussis toxin does not induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human whole blood.pertussis toxin (ptx) is one of the most important virulence factors of bordetella pertussis, the cause of whooping cough. therefore, the inactivated toxin is an obligatory constituent of acellular pertussis vaccines. it is described in the literature that both native ptx and recombinant pertussis toxin (ptg) activate human monocytes whereas others report an inhibition of mammalian monocytes during pertussis infection. b. pertussis, as a gram-negative bacterium, harbours naturally lipopolysaccha ...201222527330
blockade of endothelial g(i) protein enhances early engraftment in intraportal cell transplant to mouse liver.the limited availability of liver donors and recent progress in cell therapy technologies has centered interest on cell transplantation as a therapeutic alternative to orthotopic liver transplant for restoring liver function. following transplant by intraportal perfusion, the main obstacle to cell integration in the parenchyma is the endothelial barrier. transplanted cells form emboli in the portal branches, inducing ischemia and reperfusion injury, which cause disruption of endothelial impermea ...201222525519
adhesin contribution to nanomechanical properties of the virulent bordetella pertussis envelope.adherence to a biological surface allows bacteria to colonize and persist within the host and represents an essential first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial diseases. consequently, the physicochemical properties of the outer membrane in bacteria play a key role for attachment to surfaces and therefore for biofilm formation. bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the respiratory tract of humans, producing whooping cough or pertussis, a highly infectious disease ...201222515332
empyema due to bordetella pertussis in an adult patient with lung cancer. 201222503592
comparative seroepidemiology of pertussis, diphtheria and poliovirus antibodies in singapore: waning pertussis immunity in a highly immunized population and the need for adolescent booster doses.we assessed the seroepidemiology of pertussis, diphtheria and poliovirus antibodies in a cohort of highly immunized children, together with the burden of these diseases in singapore.201222475863
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of bordetella pertussis strains used in different vaccine formulations in latin america.to characterize bordetella pertussis vaccine strains in comparison with current circulating bacteria.201222471652
pertussis resurgence among vaccinated children in khairpur, sindh, pakistan.to investigate the aetiology of persistent cough among vaccinated children as suspected cases of pertussis in khairpur district, sindh, pakistan. pertussis or whooping cough, caused by bordetella pertussis, is re-appearing in many countries despite vaccination coverage. in khairpur, persistent cough and symptoms similar to pertussis among vaccinated children are common but the aetiology has not been investigated previously.201222445714
two closely related strains associated with pertussis resurgence in israel.eighty-two isolates of bordetella pertussis analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from the epidemic years, 2007 to 2008, revealed 4 strains with 2 closely related isolates accounting for 95% of the circulating strains. the most common israeli strain has the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster as the dominant european bpsr11 strain (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster ivβ) identified in the 1999 to 2004 eu pertstrain ii project.201222426299
unexpectedly limited durability of immunity following acellular pertussis vaccination in preadolescents in a north american outbreak.despite widespread childhood vaccination against bordetella pertussis, disease remains prevalent. it has been suggested that acellular vaccine may be less effective than previously believed. during a large outbreak, we examined the incidence of pertussis and effectiveness of vaccination in a well-vaccinated, well-defined community.201222423127
acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children.routine use of whole-cell pertussis (wp) vaccines was suspended in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s because of concerns about adverse effects. following such action, there was a resurgence of whooping cough. acellular pertussis (ap) vaccines, containing purified or recombinant bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) antigens, were developed in the hope that they would be as effective, but less reactogenic than the whole-cell vaccines.201222419280
newly emerging clones of bordetella pertussis carrying prn2 and ptxp3 alleles implicated in australian pertussis epidemic in 2008-2010.australia is experiencing a prolonged epidemic of pertussis that began in 2008. a total of 194 bordetella pertussis isolates collected from 2008 through 2010 were typed by single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis, by multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis, and by fim3, prn, and ptxp sequence analyses. strains with 2 closely related snp profiles carrying prn2 and ptxp3 from the recently emerged snp cluster i predominated. the data suggest increasing selection among the b. pertuss ...201222416243
pathogenomics of pasteurella multocida.the first complete genome sequence of the p. multocida avian isolate pm70 was reported in 2001. analysis of the genome identified many predicted virulence genes, including two encoding homologues of the bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagluttinins, and genes involved in iron transport and metabolism. availability of the genome sequence allowed for a range of whole-genome transcriptomic and proteomic analyses and these have helped us understand how p. multocida responds to growth in the prese ...201222402726
seroprevalence of bordetella pertussis immunoglobulin g antibodies among children in samsun, turkey.in this study, we aimed to investigate anti-pertussis immunoglobulin (ig) g antibodies in the serum of children in our region vaccinated against pertussis with four doses. between august 2008-2009, antibody levels to bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) antigens were studied in 385 serum samples from healthy children aged 1.5-18 years (y) vaccinated against pertussis in samsun, turkey. the study population was divided into six groups according to ages: 1.5-3 y; 4-5 y; 6-8 y; 10-12 y; 13-15 y; and ...201222397036
pertussis presenting as hoarseness in an adult.pertussis is a rare condition in adults. this report describes a 65-year-old man presenting to the otolaryngology service with hoarseness secondary to pertussis. he had a history of worsening cough and hoarseness occurring over several weeks. laryngoscopy showed significant erythema at the medial edges of the vocal folds. stroboscopy demonstrated bilateral decreased amplitude and decreased mucosal wave of the vocal folds. polymerase chain reaction testing of the sputum revealed bordetella pertus ...201222359141
an upsurge in pertussis: epidemiology and trends.the objective of the study was to review the 2010 pertussis upsurge occurring within california and recent experiences at a large tertiary care children's hospital within california.201222344207
a diet enriched with cocoa prevents ige synthesis in a rat allergy model.previous studies in young rats reported the impact of cocoa intake on healthy immune status and allow suggesting it may have a role in the prevention of some immune-mediated diseases. the aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of a cocoa diet in a model of allergy in young rats. three-week-old brown norway rats were immunized by i.p. injection of ovalbumin (ova) with alum as adjuvant and bordetella pertussis toxin. during the next 4 weeks rats received either a cocoa diet (containing 0.2% ...201222342543
the genome, evolution and diversity of mycobacterium ulcerans.mycobacterium ulcerans (m. ulcerans) causes a devastating infection of the skin and underlying tissue commonly known as buruli ulcer (bu). genetic analyses indicate that m. ulcerans has a common ancestor with mycobacterium marinum (m. marinum) and has diverged from this fish and human pathogen perhaps around a million years ago. m. ulcerans is characterized by minimal genetic diversity and since it has a highly clonal population structure, genetic differences between individual isolates reflect ...201222306192
a structural motif is the recognition site for a new family of bacterial protein o-glycosyltransferases.the escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (aida-i) is a multifunctional protein that belongs to the family of monomeric autotransporters. this adhesin can be glycosylated by the aida-associated heptosyltransferase (aah). glycosylation appears to be restricted to the extracellular domain of aida-i, which comprises imperfect repeats of a 19-amino-acid consensus sequence and is predicted to form a β-helix. here, we show that aah homologues can be found in many gram-negative bacteri ...201222304382
selection and emergence of pertussis toxin promoter ptxp3 allele in the evolution of bordetella pertussis.evolutionary studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have separated bordetella pertussis isolates into six major clusters, with recent isolates forming cluster i. the expansion of cluster i isolates was characterised by changes in genes encoding antigenic components in acellular vaccines, including pertactin (prn). here, we determined the initial emergence of the pertussis toxin promoter allele, ptxp3, from an evolutionary perspective. this allele was previously shown in a study fro ...201222293463
pertussis pseudo-outbreak linked to specimens contaminated by bordetella pertussis dna from clinic surfaces.we investigated a pertussis outbreak characterized by atypical cases, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) alone at a single laboratory, which persisted despite high vaccine coverage and routine control measures. we aimed to determine whether bordetella pertussis was the causative agent and advise on control interventions.201222250029
antigen-specific responses assessment for the evaluation of bordetella pertussis t cell immunity in humans.measurement of antigen-specific t cell responses is an adjunctive parameter to evaluate protection induced by a previous bordetella pertussis infection or vaccination. the assessment of t cell responses is technically complex and usually performed on fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the objective of this study was to identify simplified methods to assess pertussis specific t cell responses and verify if these assays could be performed using frozen/thawed (frozen) pbmc. three read ...201222230582
antibody levels against b. pertussis in neonates measured in dried blood spots.we designed this study to investigate if immunoglobuline g-pertussis toxin (igg-pt) against bordetella pertussis in umbilical cord blood can reliably be determined in dried blood spots on filter paper (guthrie) cards.201222227147
a fortunate journey on uneven grounds.i was surprised to be invited to write a prefatory chapter for the annual review of microbiology. indeed, i did not feel that i belonged to that class of eminent scientists who had written such chapters. perhaps it is because i am a kind of mutant: in spite of having experienced war, both german and soviet occupations, repeated bombardments, dictatorships, and a revolution, i managed nonetheless to engage in scientific research, thus realizing a childhood dream. after having obtained my doctor r ...201222994486
differences in avidity of igg antibodies to pertussis toxin after acellular pertussis booster vaccination and natural infection.pertussis toxin (pt) is a specific virulence factor of bordetella pertussis and it is included in all acellular pertussis vaccines (ap). although immunity after infection seems to persist longer than that after vaccination, the exact mechanism(s) is not known. primary aim of this study was to develop an elisa method for measuring avidity index (ai) of igg-anti-pt antibodies and to compare antibody responses after booster vaccination and infection. secondary aim was to evaluate if the ai-elisa ha ...201222981763
the importance of pertussis in older adults: a growing case for reviewing vaccination strategy in the elderly.pertussis or whooping cough is increasingly being shown to be a respiratory infection affecting the elderly and a significant percentage of older people infected with bordetella pertussis experience considerable morbidity and even mortality. however, current knowledge of burden of disease is limited largely to passive surveillance data with little well-designed active surveillance to better ascertain the true burden of pertussis in the elderly, to inform vaccination strategies. the current revie ...201222981762
pertussis diagnoses among service members and other beneficiaries of the u.s. military health system, january 2005-june 2012.pertussis ("whooping cough") is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis. individuals at highest risk are infants and unvaccinated children; however, there have been recent increases in incidence among adolescent and young adult populations in the united states. during the surveillance period, there were 476 confirmed and 3,073 probable cases of pertussis among u.s. military members and other beneficiaries of the u.s. military health system. among serv ...201222963256
positive feedback and temperature mediated molecular switch controls differential gene regulation in bordetella pertussis.based on the phosphorelay kinetics operative within bvgas two component system we propose a mathematical framework for signal transduction and gene regulation of phenotypic phases in bordetella pertussis. the proposed model identifies a novel mechanism of transcriptional interference between two promoters present in the bvg locus. to understand the system behavior under elevated temperature, the developed model has been studied in two different ways. first, a quasi-steady state analysis has been ...201222960292
severe bordetella pertussis infection associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome. 201222953627
[survey of pertussis infection in infants aged under 3 months with persistent cough].to explore the prevalence of pertussis in hospitalized infants aged under 3 months with persistent cough.201222944272
bordetella pertussis in a neonatal intensive care unit: identification of the mother as the likely source.bordetella pertussis, the cause of whooping cough, is highly contagious. a female, twin 1, born at 34 weeks of gestation and present on a neonatal intensive care unit for 19 days, became apnoeic and bradycardic. a pernasal swab, sent when pertussis was clinically suspected, grew b. pertussis. twin 2 had similar symptoms. the mother admitted having a prolonged cough. polymerase chain reaction of pernasal swabs was positive for both twins, and the mother had positive pertussis serology. an inciden ...201222940441
direct molecular typing of bordetella pertussis from clinical specimens submitted for diagnostic quantitative (real-time) pcr.molecular typing of bordetella pertussis is routinely performed on bacterial isolates, but not on dna extracted from nasopharyngeal aspirates or pernasal swabs submitted for diagnostic real-time pcr (qpcr). we investigated whether these dna extracts were suitable for multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) and dna sequence-based typing. we analysed all the available qpcr-positive samples received by our laboratory from patients <1 year of age between january 2008 and august 2010 ...201222918864
high heterogeneity in methods used for the laboratory confirmation of pertussis diagnosis among european countries, 2010: integration of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance must include standardisation of methodologies and quality assurance.despite extensive childhood immunisation, pertussis remains one of the world’s leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths. the current methods used for laboratory diagnosis of pertussis include bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) serology. we conducted a questionnaire survey to identify variations in the laboratory methods and protocols used among participating countries included in the european surveillance network for vaccine-preve ...201222913939
rapid detection of the recently emerged bordetella pertussis strains with the ptxp3 pertussis toxin promoter allele by real-time pcr.bordetella pertussis strains with the pertussis toxin promoter allele ptxp3 have expanded and replaced resident ptxp1 strains in several european countries. we developed an allele-specific real-time pcr method to identify strains with the allele ptxp3, and investigated the emergence of ptxp3 strains by genotyping finnish clinical isolates (n = 524) from 1953 to 2010. the first ptxp3 strain was detected in 1994, and has become predominant since 2003. our results demonstrate that the allele-specif ...201222909320
attenuated bordetella pertussis bpze1 protects against allergic airway inflammation and contact dermatitis in mouse models.we previously reported that prior nasal administration of highly attenuated bordetella pertussis bpze1 provides effective and sustained protection against lethal challenge with influenza a viruses. the protective effect was mediated by suppressing the production of major pro-inflammatory mediators. to further explore the anti-inflammatory properties of bpze1, we investigated the effect of bpze1 nasal pretreatment on two mouse models of allergic disease, allergic airway inflammation, and contact ...201222909095
development and introduction of a ready-to-use pediatric pentavalent vaccine to meet and sustain the needs of developing countries--quinvaxem®: the first 5 years.quinvaxem(®) injection (dtwp-hepb-hib fully-liquid combined vaccine) is a ready-to-use, preservative-free, fully-liquid combined vaccine containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, bordetella pertussis inactivated cellular suspension, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated oligosaccharide. the vaccine was the first ready-to-use, fully-liquid pentavalent vaccine to gain who pre-qualification status in 2006. the immunogenicity and safety of quinvaxem(®) wa ...201222889824
apparent life-threatening events: an update.based on strong research evidence, the most common causes of apparent life-threatening events (altes) are gastroesophageal reflux, lower respiratory tract infection, and seizure. • the minimum initial diagnostic panel for alte should include complete blood cell (cbc) count with differential; blood levels of c-reactive protein,glucose, sodium, potassium, urea, calcium,magnesium, ammonia, lactate, and pyruvate; arterial blood gas determination, urinalysis, and toxicology screen; electrocardiograph ...201222855928
airborne transmission of bordetella pertussis demonstrated in a baboon model of whooping cough. 201222807522
unexplained respiratory disease outbreak working group activities - worldwide, march 2007-september 2011.the unexplained respiratory disease outbreak (urdo) working group is a multidisciplinary team composed of approximately 40 scientists from across cdc with expertise in infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases. the urdo working group was formed in 2004 to streamline cdc response efforts to assist local, state, and international public health officials in investigations of unexplained respiratory disease outbreaks. this report summarizes urdo working group activities from march 2007 throu ...201222763885
immunity to the respiratory pathogen bordetella pertussis.bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a severe respiratory tract infection in infants and children, and also infects adults. studies in murine models have shown that innate immune mechanisms involving dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and antimicrobial peptides help to control the infection, while complete bacterial clearance requires cellular immunity mediated by t-helper type 1 (th1) and th17 cells. whole cell pertussis vaccines (wp) are effective, but reac ...201222718262
acellular pertussis vaccine use in risk groups (adolescents, pregnant women, newborns and health care workers): a review of evidences and recommendations.pertussis is an acute infectious illness, caused by the bacteria bordetella pertussis and commonly known as "whooping cough". waning immunity after vaccination or after natural infection contributes significantly to the increasing incidence rates in adolescents and adults. prevention of pertussis in industrialized countries is mainly based on immunization with acellular vaccines in combination with other antigens. a booster dose with an adult-formulation tetanus-diphtheria toxoid and acellular p ...201222709953
[detection of bordetella pertussis infection by culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests among children with prolonged cough].pertussis is a respiratory infection caused by bordetella pertussis. it attacks all age groups. it has significantly higher mortality and morbidity among newborns and children. adolescents and adults with symptomatic but unrecognized pertussis are often the source of the infection for pediatric cases. therefore, it is suggested to perform laboratory diagnostic tests for b.pertussis infection in children and adolescents with prolonged cough of more than two weeks. in this study, it was aimed to i ...201222639310
successful nanolitre real-time pcr detection of respiratory pathogens in clinical specimens.we performed a proof-of-concept study to determine if human pathogens could be detected in clinical specimens using nanolitre-volume real-time pcr. nanolitre pcr for bordetella pertussis/b. parapertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was performed on nasopharyngeal specimens and results compared with conventional methods. b. pertussis/b. parapertussis nanolitre pcr detection was 100% sensitive (20/20; 95% ci, 84-100%) and 100% specific (26/26; 95% ci, 87-100%). rsv nanolitre pcr was also ...201222630162
serotypes and genetic profiles of bordetella pertussis strains isolated in the city of são paulo, 2006-2008.knowledge of bordetella pertussis circulating in latin america is limited. therefore, the goal of this study was to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and serotyping to characterize b. pertussis strains isolated in the city of são paulo, brazil.201222622958
performance assessment of a novel two-step mda-pcr (multiple displacement amplification as a pre-polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from sputum specimens.a novel two-step mda-pcr (multiple displacement amplification as a pre-polymerase chain reaction) assay for tuberculosis detection from 200 sputum specimens was evaluated. the mda-pcr assay indicated a significant increase in sensitivity and specificity compared with standard pcr alone.201222259205
site of allergic airway narrowing and the influence of exogenous surfactant in the brown norway rat.the parameters r(n) (newtonian resistance), g (tissue damping), and h (tissue elastance) of the constant phase model of respiratory mechanics provide information concerning the site of altered mechanical properties of the lung. the aims of this study were to compare the site of allergic airway narrowing implied from respiratory mechanics to a direct assessment by morphometry and to evaluate the effects of exogenous surfactant administration on the site and magnitude of airway narrowing.201222276110
legionella pneumophila secretes a mitochondrial carrier protein during infection.the mitochondrial carrier family (mcf) is a signature group of integral membrane proteins that transport metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes. mcf proteins are characterized by six transmembrane segments that assemble to form a highly-selective channel for metabolite transport. we discovered a novel mcf member, termed legionellanucleotide carrier protein (lncp), encoded in the genome of legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaire's disease. lncp was se ...201222241989
pertussis outbreak in papua new guinea: the challenges of response in a remote geo-topographical setting.a large outbreak of pertussis was detected during march 2011 in goilala, a remote district of the central province in papua new guinea, characterized by rugged topography with no road access from the provincial headquarters. this outbreak investigation highlights the difficulties in reporting and responding to outbreaks in these settings.201223908930
[in vitro activity of doripenem against strains from pediatric diseases and strains causing purulent meningitis].this study evaluated the in vitro activity of doripenem (drpm) against 200 streptococcus pneumoniae and 197 haemophilus influenzae from children and adults in 2007, 50 h. influenzae type b in 2006, 20 listeria monocytogenes in 1990-2005, 23 neisseria meningitidis in 2007-2009 and 83 bordetella pertussis in 1989-2003. all strains were isolated from japanese clinical facilities. we also investigated in vitro activity of other carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, panipenem, biapenem), cephems (ceftria ...201223593734
[pertussis in a 4-month-old infant with unrecognized cystic fibrosis].we present a case report of a small boy with cystic fibrosis complicated by pertussis and pneumothorax. the child had not been vaccinated against bordetella pertussis due to the failure to thrive and was infected with the bacterium at the age of 4 months. the course of the disease was severe, with respiratory distress and spontaneous pneumothorax. the diagnosis of pertussis was serologically confirmed. a suspicion for cystic fibrosis increased after an unusually prolonged course of the disease a ...201223386510
immunoproteomics: the key to discovery of new vaccine antigens against bacterial respiratory infections.the increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. however, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. immunoprote ...201223305366
[booster vaccination against bordella pertussis during pregnancy].during the last decades, the incidence of whopping cough, has been rising worldwide, despite the high coverage of the immunization programs. the highest mortality is found among children under 6 month of age, who are too young to have completed a primary vaccination series with three doses the pertussis vaccine, nevertheless this disease also affects adolescents and adults, who may only manifest mild symptomatology. hence they do not get diagnosed or treated, becoming a potential community sourc ...201223301426
differential expression of alpha 4 integrins on effector memory t helper cells during bordetella infections. delayed responses in bordetella pertussis.bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) is the causative agent of whooping cough, a respiratory disease that is reemerging worldwide. mechanisms of selective lymphocyte trafficking to the airways are likely to be critical in the immune response to this pathogen. we compared murine infection by b. pertussis, b. parapertussis, and a pertussis toxin-deleted b. pertussis mutant (bpδptx) to test the hypothesis that effector memory t-helper cells (emth) display an altered pattern of trafficking receptor e ...201223300813
passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in c57bl/6 with mog: evidence of involvement of b cells.experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is the most relevant animal model to study demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. eae can be induced by active (active eae) or passive (at-eae) transfer of activated t cells in several species and strains of rodents. however, histological features of at-eae model in c57bl/6 are poorly described. the aim of this study was to characterize the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses of at-eae in c57bl/6 mice by histological techn ...201223300649
identification of orch3, a locus controlling dominant resistance to autoimmune orchitis, as kinesin family member 1c.experimental autoimmune orchitis (eao), the principal model of non-infectious testicular inflammatory disease, can be induced in susceptible mouse strains by immunization with autologous testicular homogenate and appropriate adjuvants. as previously established, the genome of dba/2j mice encodes genes that are capable of conferring dominant resistance to eao, while the genome of balb/cbyj mice does not and they are therefore susceptible to eao. in a genome scan, we previously identified orch3 as ...201223300462
resolution of migratory pulmonary infiltrates by moxifloxacin in a patient with dual infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae and bordetella pertussis.a 37-year-old japanese woman, who was not vaccinated against bordetella pertussis, developed a nocturnal fever with persistent dry cough for more than 2 weeks. a chest radiograph showed poorly-defined nodular opacities in the left lung. due to the significant rise in serum antibodies for both mycoplasma pneumoniae and b. pertussis, a diagnosis of dual infection with the organisms was made. despite the use of susceptible antibiotics, the patient symptoms did not improve and her chest radiograph s ...201223299070
the adjuvant double mutant escherichia coli heat labile toxin enhances il-17a production in human t cells specific for bacterial vaccine antigens.the strong adjuvant activity and low enterotoxicity of the novel mucosal adjuvant double mutant escherichia coli heat labile toxin, lt(r192g/l211a) or dmlt, demonstrated in mice, makes this molecule a promising adjuvant candidate. however, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the adjuvant effect of dmlt or whether dmlt also has an adjuvant function in humans. we investigated the effect of dmlt on human t cell responses to different bacterial vaccine antigens: the mycobacterial pu ...201223284753
identification and characterization of a periplasmic trilactone esterase, cee, revealed unique features of ferric enterobactin acquisition in campylobacter.ferric enterobactin (feent) acquisition is a highly efficient and conserved iron scavenging system in gram-negative bacteria. recently, we have characterized two feent receptors (cfra and cfrb) in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, the enteric human pathogens that do not produce any siderophores. in this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis identified a unique ent trilactone esterase cee (cj1376) in c. jejuni. genomic analysis and biochemical assay strongly suggested th ...201223278903
identification and characterization of a periplasmic trilactone esterase, cee, revealed unique features of ferric enterobactin acquisition in campylobacter.ferric enterobactin (feent) acquisition is a highly efficient and conserved iron scavenging system in gram-negative bacteria. recently, we have characterized two feent receptors (cfra and cfrb) in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, the enteric human pathogens that do not produce any siderophores. in this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis identified a unique ent trilactone esterase cee (cj1376) in c. jejuni. genomic analysis and biochemical assay strongly suggested th ...201223278903
regulatory b cell (b10 cell) expansion during listeria infection governs innate and cellular immune responses in mice.pathogens use numerous methods to subvert host immune responses, including the modulation of host il-10 production by diverse cell types. however, the b cell sources of il-10 and their overall influence on innate and cellular immune responses have not been well characterized during infections. using listeria as a model pathogen, infection drove the acute expansion of a small subset of regulatory b cells (b10 cells) that potently suppress inflammation and autoimmunity through the production of il ...201223275601
regulatory b cell (b10 cell) expansion during listeria infection governs innate and cellular immune responses in mice.pathogens use numerous methods to subvert host immune responses, including the modulation of host il-10 production by diverse cell types. however, the b cell sources of il-10 and their overall influence on innate and cellular immune responses have not been well characterized during infections. using listeria as a model pathogen, infection drove the acute expansion of a small subset of regulatory b cells (b10 cells) that potently suppress inflammation and autoimmunity through the production of il ...201223275601
lactobacillus priming of the respiratory tract: heterologous immunity and protection against lethal pneumovirus infection.we showed previously that wild-type mice primed via intranasal inoculation with live or heat-inactivated lactobacillus species were fully (100%) protected against the lethal sequelae of infection with the virulent pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a response that is associated with diminished expression of proinflammatory cytokines and diminished virus recovery. we show here that 40% of the mice primed with live lactobacillus survived when pvm challenge was delayed for 5months. this robus ...201223274789
lactobacillus priming of the respiratory tract: heterologous immunity and protection against lethal pneumovirus infection.we showed previously that wild-type mice primed via intranasal inoculation with live or heat-inactivated lactobacillus species were fully (100%) protected against the lethal sequelae of infection with the virulent pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a response that is associated with diminished expression of proinflammatory cytokines and diminished virus recovery. we show here that 40% of the mice primed with live lactobacillus survived when pvm challenge was delayed for 5months. this robus ...201223274789
altered serum micrornas as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis infection.pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is a highly lethal infectious disease and early diagnosis of tb is critical for the control of disease progression. the objective of this study was to profile a panel of serum micrornas (mirnas) as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pulmonary tb infection.201223272999
b cell survival, surface bcr and baffr expression, cd74 metabolism, and cd8- dendritic cells require the intramembrane endopeptidase sppl2a.druggable proteins required for b lymphocyte survival and immune responses are an emerging source of new treatments for autoimmunity and lymphoid malignancy. in this study, we show that mice with an inactivating mutation in the intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (sppl2a) unexpectedly exhibit profound humoral immunodeficiency and lack mature b cell subsets, mirroring deficiency of the cytokine b cell-activating factor (baff). accumulation of sppl2a-deficient b cells was rescu ...201223267016
[clinical and epidemiological features of pertussis among hospitalized infants in seville during 2007-2011.]introduction: despite routine pertussis immunization, pertussis burden remains high, especially among infants. the aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic, clinical and outcome features in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in andalusia (southern spain) with confirmed bordetella pertussis infection. methods: retrospective descriptive study based on a review of medical records for all pediatric patients admitted to hospital universitario virgen del rocío (sevilla) between ...201223265931
growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by sulfonylurea herbicides.emerging resistance to current antibiotics raises the need for new microbial drug targets. we show that targeting branched-chain amino acid (bcaa) biosynthesis using sulfonylurea herbicides, which inhibit the bcaa biosynthetic enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (ahas), can exert bacteriostatic effects on several pathogenic bacteria, including burkholderia pseudomallei, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter baumannii. our results suggest that targeting biosynthetic enzymes like ahas, which are ...201223263008
Fatal Outcomes in Family Transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia and, on rare occasions, manifests as fulminant disease that leads to mortality, even in healthy individuals. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study on members of a family who were quarantined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2002 for respiratory failure and death of a 15-year-old brother (sibling 1) and a 13-year-old sister (sibling 2). Collected airway, cerebrospinal fl ...201222052890
Fatal Outcomes in Family Transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae continues to be a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia and, on rare occasions, manifests as fulminant disease that leads to mortality, even in healthy individuals. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study on members of a family who were quarantined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2002 for respiratory failure and death of a 15-year-old brother (sibling 1) and a 13-year-old sister (sibling 2). Collected airway, cerebrospinal fl ...201222052890
BpsR Modulates Bordetella Biofilm Formation by Negatively Regulating the Expression of the Bps Polysaccharide.Bordetella bacteria are Gram-negative respiratory pathogens of animals, birds, and humans. A hallmark feature of some Bordetella species is their ability to efficiently survive in the respiratory tract even after vaccination. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and in the mouse respiratory tract. The Bps exopolysaccharide is one of the critical determinants for biofilm formation and the survival of Bordetella in the murine respiratory tract. In or ...201222056934
serum immunoglobulin g analysis to establish a delayed diagnosis of chronic cough due to bordetella pertussis.objectives. incidence of bordetella pertussis infection among adults has risen significantly throughout the united states, but pertussis is not often considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic cough in adults. the authors hypothesized that serum igg testing can establish a diagnosis of pertussis infection late in disease presentation when cultures and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing are not reliable. study design. case series with chart review. sett ...201221987649
polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease.summary: microorganisms coexist in a complex milieu of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses on or within the human body, often as multifaceted polymicrobial biofilm communities at mucosal sites and on abiotic surfaces. only recently have we begun to appreciate the complicated biofilm phenotype during infection; moreover, even less is known about the interactions that occur between microorganisms during polymicrobial growth and their implications in human disease. therefore, this review focuses ...201222232376
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