Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a new paradigm of bacteria-gut interplay brought through the study of shigella. | bacteria-gut epithelial interplay and the mucosal immune response are the most critical issues in determining the fate of bacterial infection and the severity of diseases. shigella species (abbreviated here as shigella), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), are highly adapted human pathogens that are capable of invading and colonizing the intestinal epithelium, which results in severe inflammatory colitis. shigella secrete a large and diverse number (more then 50) of effecto ... | 2010 | 20228623 |
| comparative in vitro antimicrobial activities of torezolid (tr-700), the active moiety of a new oxazolidinone, torezolid phosphate (tr-701), determination of tentative disk diffusion interpretive criteria, and quality control ranges. | this study assessed the spectrum of activity of torezolid (tr-700), the active moiety of torezolid phosphate (tr-701), and proposes tentative mic and disk diffusion breakpoints as well as quality control ranges. the in vitro susceptibilities of 1,096 bacterial isolates, representing 23 different species or phenotypic groups, were determined for torezolid, linezolid, cefotaxime, and levofloxacin using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution mics, minimum bactericida ... | 2010 | 20231392 |
| swab transport in amies gel followed by frozen storage in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth (stggb) for studies of respiratory bacterial pathogens. | nasopharyngeal carriage studies are needed to monitor changes in important bacterial pathogens in response to vaccination and antibiotics. commercial swab transport followed by transfer to skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth for frozen storage is an option for studies of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 2010 | 20298727 |
| bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly and younger adults. | this study was undertaken in order to compare the frequency of bacterial agents of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and their antimicrobial resistance in the elderly and younger adults admitted to a teaching hospital in hamedan, iran. a total of 150 cases of cap, including 81 elderly and 69 younger adults, were evaluated. the most frequently identified pathogens in younger adults were moraxella catarralis (11.5%), streptococcus pneumonia (10.1%) and staphylococcus aureus (10.1%); while in the ... | 2010 | 20305102 |
| role of infection in the development and exacerbation of asthma. | respiratory infections are associated with wheezing illnesses in all ages and may also impact the development and severity of asthma. respiratory tract infections caused by viruses, chlamydophila or mycoplasma have been hypothesized to have significant roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. progress is being made toward establishing the mechanisms by which these agents can cause acute wheezing and impact the pathophysiology of asthma. host factors probably contribute to the risk of asthma inceptio ... | 2010 | 20305826 |
| trimer stability of yada is critical for virulence of yersinia enterocolitica. | yersinia adhesin a (yada) is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin with multiple functions in host-pathogen interactions. the aim of this study was to dissect the virulence functions promoted by yada in vitro and in vivo. to accomplish this, we generated yersinia enterocolitica o:8 mutants expressing point mutations in yada g389, a highly conserved residue in the membrane anchor of yada, and analyzed their impact on yada expression and virulence functions. we found that point mutations of yada g389 ... | 2010 | 20308293 |
| time-kill assay results for a linalool-hinokitiol-based eyelid cleanser for lid hygiene. | time-kill testing was performed for a linalool-hinokitiol-based eyelid cleanser against pseudomonas aeruginosa, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), staphylococcus epidermidis, and pityrosporum ovale to evaluate its efficacy. | 2010 | 20308878 |
| ceftaroline: a new cephalosporin with activity against resistant gram-positive pathogens. | ceftaroline is a novel, broad-spectrum, advanced-generation cephalosporin whose action is mediated by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria, consistent with other beta-lactam antibiotics. ceftaroline is distinct in that it has antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant s. aureus, vancomycin-intermediate s. aureus [visa], heteroresistant visa, and vancomycin-resistant s. aureus), streptococcus pneumonia (including drug-re ... | 2010 | 20334458 |
| simultaneous assay for four bacterial species including alloiococcus otitidis using multiplex-pcr in children with culture negative acute otitis media. | the 3 most commonly encountered bacteria in acute otitis media (aom) are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. conventional culture methods detect these pathogens in only 60% to 70% of cases of aom. alloiococcus otitidis, another potential pathogen, has often been ignored. | 2010 | 20335823 |
| activity of the streptogramin antibiotic etamycin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the alarming rise of hospital- and community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ha- and ca-mrsa) infections has prompted a desperate search for novel antibiotics. we discovered the streptogramin etamycin produced by an actinomycete species isolated from the coast of fiji, the first time this antibiotic has been identified from a marine microbe. etamycin was extracted and purified from this strain (cns-575) and identified as a three-rotamer species by 2d nmr spectroscopy. eta ... | 2010 | 20339399 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from children in kalgoorlie-boulder, western australia. | to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from a cohort of children being followed in a study of the natural history of otitis media in a semi-arid region of western australia. | 2010 | 20350222 |
| the diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. | the syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) consists of chronic bronchitis (cb), bronchiectasis, emphysema, and reversible airway disease that combine uniquely in an individual patient. older patients are at risk for copd and its components--emphysema, cb, and bronchiectasis. bacterial and viral infections play a role in acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) and in acute exacerbations of cb (aecb) without features of copd. older patients are at risk for resistant bacterial organi ... | 2010 | 20398122 |
| functional characterization of lcpa, a surface-exposed protein of leptospira spp. that binds the human complement regulator c4bp. | we have previously shown that pathogenic leptospiral strains are able to bind c4b binding protein (c4bp). surface-bound c4bp retains its cofactor activity, indicating that acquisition of this complement regulator may contribute to leptospiral serum resistance. in the present study, the abilities of seven recombinant putative leptospiral outer membrane proteins to interact with c4bp were evaluated. the protein encoded by lic11947 interacted with this human complement regulator in a dose-dependent ... | 2010 | 20404075 |
| ceacam1 recognition by bacterial pathogens is species-specific. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1), an immunoglobulin (ig)-related glycoprotein, serves as cellular receptor for a variety of gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with the human mucosa. in particular, neisseria gonorrhoeae, n. meningitidis, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae possess well-characterized ceacam1-binding adhesins. ceacam1 is typically involved in cell-cell attachment, epithelial differentiation, neovascularisation and regulatio ... | 2010 | 20406467 |
| detection of tmrna molecules on microarrays at low temperatures using helper oligonucleotides. | the hybridization of synthetic streptococcus pneumoniae tmrna on a detection microarray is slow at 34 degrees c resulting in low signal intensities. | 2010 | 20426847 |
| the development of a 16s rrna gene based pcr for the identification of streptococcus pneumoniae and comparison with four other species specific pcr assays. | streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most frequently encountered pathogens in humans but its differentiation from closely related but less pathogenic streptococci remains a challenge. | 2010 | 20426878 |
| the polymorphism of il-17 g-152a was associated with childhood asthma and bacterial colonization of the hypopharynx in bronchiolitis. | interleukin (il)-17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. we investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of il-17 (rs2275913, il-17 g-152a) and asthma-related traits. its effect on il-17 production was also attractive. | 2010 | 20437253 |
| large screening of ca-mrsa among staphylococcus aureus colonizing healthy young children living in two areas (urban and rural) of portugal. | the incidence of pediatric infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa), including children with no identifiable risk factors, has increased worldwide in the last decade. this suggests that healthy children may constitute a reservoir of mrsa in the community. in this study, nested within a larger one on nasopharyngeal ecology, we aimed to: (i) evaluate the prevalence of mrsa colonizing young children in portugal; and (ii) compare results with those ... | 2010 | 20438633 |
| genome analysis of moraxella catarrhalis strain rh4, a human respiratory tract pathogen. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human-restricted respiratory tract pathogen that is a common cause of childhood otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. here, we report the first completely assembled and annotated genome sequence of an isolate of m. catarrhalis, strain rh4, which originally was isolated from blood of an infected patient. the rh4 genome consists of 1,863,286 nucleotides that form 1,886 protein-encoding genes. comparison of the rh4 ge ... | 2010 | 20453089 |
| keratinocyte growth factor stimulates macrophage inflammatory protein 3α and keratinocyte-derived chemokine secretion by mouse uterine epithelial cells. | communication between uterine epithelial cells and the underlying stromal fibroblasts is critical for proper endometrial function. stromal fibroblast-derived growth factors have been shown to regulate epithelial immune functions. the purpose of this study was to determine whether keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) regulates uterine epithelial cell chemokine and antimicrobial secretion. | 2010 | 20455876 |
| besifloxacin: a novel anti-infective for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. | bacterial conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is demographically unbiased in its prevalence and can be caused by a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. timely empiric treatment with a broad-spectrum anti-infective, such as a topical fluoroquinolone, is critical in preventing potentially irreversible ocular damage. however, the rise in ocular methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates and the patterns of fluoroquinolone resistance for patients with other ocular bacterial ... | 2010 | 20463787 |
| human complement regulators c4b-binding protein and c1 esterase inhibitor interact with a novel outer surface protein of borrelia recurrentis. | the spirochete borrelia recurrentis is the causal agent of louse-borne relapsing fever and is transmitted to humans by the infected body louse pediculus humanus. we have recently demonstrated that the b. recurrentis surface receptor, hcpa, specifically binds factor h, the regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, thereby inhibiting complement mediated bacteriolysis. here, we show that b. recurrentis spirochetes express another potential outer membrane lipoprotein, termed cih ... | 2010 | 20532227 |
| vibrio cholerae el tor tcpa crystal structure and mechanism for pilus-mediated microcolony formation. | type iv pili (t4p) are critical to virulence for vibrio cholerae and other bacterial pathogens. among their diverse functions, t4p mediate microcolony formation, which protects the bacteria from host defences and concentrates secreted toxins. the t4p of the two v. cholerae o1 disease biotypes, classical and el tor, share 81% identity in their tcpa subunits, yet these filaments differ in their interaction patterns as assessed by electron microscopy. to understand the molecular basis for pilus-med ... | 2010 | 20545841 |
| detection and characterization of human ureaplasma species and serovars by real-time pcr. | we designed primers and probes for the detection and discrimination of ureaplasma parvum and u. urealyticum and their 14 serovars by real-time pcr. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex species-specific pcr were determined by testing corresponding american type culture collection (atcc) type strains, 47 other microbial species, and human genomic dna. the limits of the multiplex pcr were 2.8 x 10(-2) cfu/microl pcr mixture for detecting u. parvum and 4.1 x 10(-2) cfu/microl ... | 2010 | 20554828 |
| [usefulness and limit of gram staining smear examination]. | gram staining is one of the most simple and inexpensive methods for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections. it yields results much faster than culture, and provides important data for the patient's treatment and prognosis. however, a difference exists in the quality and quantity of information yielded by gram staining smears based on the experience and knowledge of those conducting the tests. therefore, a risk of misdiagnosis based on the information obtained from gram staining s ... | 2010 | 20560458 |
| performance of the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator strips compared with the etest assay and bsac agar dilution. | the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator (m.i.c.e; thermo fisher scientific) comprises an antibiotic gradient on a plastic support. we compared its performance with etest--a similar product--using bsac agar dilution as a reference. | 2010 | 20562429 |
| an independent in vitro comparison of povidone iodine and sterilid. | povidone iodine (pi) and sterilid (sl) are biocides used to decrease bacterial load on the eyelid margin. we compared the antibacterial activity of pi and sl to determine the better antiseptic. | 2010 | 20565315 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory pathogens recently isolated in italy: focus on cefditoren. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory pathogens recently isolated in italy to commonly used antibiotics including cefditoren. six clinical microbiological laboratories collected, between january and september 2009, a total of 2,510 respiratory pathogens from subjects with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti). ceftditoren, out of all the beta-lactams studied, had the lowest mic(90 )against 965 strains of streptococcus pneumo ... | 2010 | 20566418 |
| community-acquired moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia in previously healthy children. | the aim of this study was to determine if moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of community acquired pneumonia in children with no chronic medical problems. a secondary goal was to describe the clinical features of children with m. catarrhalis pneumonia. | 2010 | 20575092 |
| mapping the anatomy of respiratory syncytial virus infection of the upper airways in chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera). | although most viral infections of the upper respiratory tract can predispose to bacterial otitis media, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the predominant viral copathogen of this highly prevalent pediatric polymicrobial disease. rigorous study of the specific mechanisms by which hrsv predisposes to otitis media has been hindered by lack of a relevant animal model. we recently reported that the chinchilla, the preferred rodent host for studying otitis media, is semipermissive for upper- ... | 2010 | 20579438 |
| the viriato study: update on antimicrobial resistance of microbial pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. | the viriato study is a prospective, multicentre laboratory-based surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility in which 30 microbiology laboratories throughout portugal are asked to isolate, identify and submit to a central laboratory for testing streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and streptococcus pyogenes from tonsillitis. to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns of ... | 2010 | 20590169 |
| spiral gradient endpoint susceptibility testing: a fresh look at a neglected technique. | increasing antibiotic resistance and interest in matching antibiotic therapy with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of isolates has led to increasing demands for determination of mics. this can lead to increased costs for the laboratory. the spiral gradient endpoint (sge) technique, a low-cost method of mic determination, was developed some years ago. although the technique showed good correlation with reference methods, it was not widely employed, mainly due to the introduction of ... | 2010 | 20595209 |
| characterization of the six glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of yersinia enterocolitica serotype o:3 lipopolysaccharide outer core. | yersinia enterocolitica (ye) is a gram-negative bacterium; ye serotype o:3 expresses lipopolysaccharide (lps) with a hexasaccharide branch known as the outer core (oc). the oc is important for the resistance of the bacterium to cationic antimicrobial peptides and also functions as a receptor for bacteriophage phir1-37 and enterocoliticin. the biosynthesis of the oc hexasaccharide is directed by the oc gene cluster that contains nine genes (wzx, wbcklmnopq, and gne). in this study, we inactivated ... | 2010 | 20595390 |
| growth inhibition of oral mutans streptococci and candida by commercial probiotic lactobacilli--an in vitro study. | probiotic bacteria are suggested to play a role in the maintenance of oral health. such health promoting bacteria are added to different commercial probiotic products. the aim of the study was to investigate the ability of a selection of lactobacilli strains, used in commercially available probiotic products, to inhibit growth of oral mutans streptococci and c. albicans in vitro. | 2010 | 20598145 |
| medical and legal implications of testing for sexually transmitted infections in children. | testing for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in children presents a number of problems for the practitioner that are not usually faced when testing adults for the same infections. the identification of an sti in a child can have, in addition to medical implications, serious legal implications. the presence of an sti is often used to support the presence or allegations of sexual abuse, and conversely, the identification of an sti in a child will prompt an investigation of possible abuse. th ... | 2010 | 20610820 |
| peptide deformylase inhibitors with retro-amide scaffold: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | peptide deformylase (pdf) is a metalloprotease catalyzing the removal of a formyl group from newly synthesized proteins. thus inhibition of pdf activity is considered to be one of the most effective antibiotic strategies. reported herein are the synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of retro-amide inhibitors based on actinonin, a naturally occurring pdf inhibitor. analysis of the structure-activity relationships led to the discovery of 7a, which exhibits potent enzyme inhibition ... | 2010 | 20615695 |
| an outer membrane receptor of neisseria meningitidis involved in zinc acquisition with vaccine potential. | since the concentration of free iron in the human host is low, efficient iron-acquisition mechanisms constitute important virulence factors for pathogenic bacteria. in gram-negative bacteria, tonb-dependent outer membrane receptors are implicated in iron acquisition. it is far less clear how other metals that are also scarce in the human host are transported across the bacterial outer membrane. with the aim of identifying novel vaccine candidates, we characterized in this study a hitherto unknow ... | 2010 | 20617164 |
| fastidious gram-negatives: identification by the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus card and by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing analysis. | taxonomy and identification of fastidious gram negatives are evolving and challenging. we compared identifications achieved with the vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus (nh) card and partial 16s rrna gene sequence (526 bp stretch) analysis with identifications obtained with extensive phenotypic characterization using 100 fastidious gram negative bacteria. seventy-five strains represented 21 of the 26 taxa included in the vitek 2 nh database and 25 strains represented related species not included in th ... | 2010 | 21347215 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 2-thiopyrimidine-4-one analogs as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. | considering that some thiopyrimidines were previously reported as potential therapeutics, the present study achieved novel analogs of bioactive 2-substituted thiopyrimidines-4-(3h)-ones via base catalyzed alkylation reaction of 2-thiouracil using alkyl and aralkyl bromides. the title compounds were 2-(1-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5a), 2-(2-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5b), 2-(cyclohexylmethylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5c), 2-(benzylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5d) and 2-(1-adamantylthio)py ... | 2010 | 21216051 |
| antibiotic therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is already the world's fourth most common cause of mortality and likely to become the third in a few year's time. because it is an inflammatory airway disease with altered host immune response, infectious complications are frequent. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) significantly worsen the patient's general health, accelerating disability. each exacerbation leads progressively to further deterioration of lung function. among the various causes of ... | 2010 | 21123150 |
| pulmonary thin-section ct findings in acute moraxella catarrhalis pulmonary infection. | objective: moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. methods: thin-section ct scans obtained between january 2004 and march 2009 from 292 patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. clinical and pulmonary ct findings in the patients were asses ... | 2010 | 21123308 |
| characterization and evaluation of the moraxella catarrhalis oligopeptide permease a as a mucosal vaccine antigen. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; therefore, these two groups would benefit from a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections. a genome mining approach for vaccine antigens identified oligopeptide permease protein a (oppa), an oligopeptide binding protein of an apparent oligopeptide transport system. analysis of the oppa gene by pcr and sequence analysis revealed th ... | 2010 | 21134967 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| distribution of genes encoding virulence factors ompb2, ompcd, ompe, β-lactamase and serotype in pathogenic and colonizing strains of moraxella catarrhalis. | a total of 115 moraxella catarrhalis isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract and otorhinolaryngeal infections, as well as healthy carriers, were collected to study the prevalence of outer membrane virulence and resistance encoding genes and lipooligosaccharide (los) serotypes. | 2010 | 21167392 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| reinforcement of epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane by a bacterial pathogen as a new infectious stratagem. | the intestinal epithelium undergoes a rapid turnover in addition to rapid exfoliation in response to bacterial infection, thus acting as an intrinsic defense against microbial intruders. it has long been questioned how mucosal pathogens can circumvent the intestinal defense systems. our recent discovery of a bacterial ploy used by shigella provided us with fresh insight. shigella delivers ospe via the type iii secretion system during multiplication within epithelial cells. this effector protein ... | 2010 | 21178415 |
| disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. | cigarette smokers have an increased risk of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract. some effects of smoking on specific respiratory tract bacteria have been described, but the consequences for global airway microbial community composition have not been determined. here, we used culture-independent high-density sequencing to analyze the microbiota from the right and left nasopharynx and oropharynx of 29 smoking and 33 nonsmoking healthy asymptomatic adults to assess microbial composi ... | 2010 | 21188149 |
| novel bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity and antibacterial efficacy in vivo. | dna ligases are indispensable enzymes playing a critical role in dna replication, recombination, and repair in all living organisms. bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase (liga) was evaluated for its potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial target. a novel class of substituted adenosine analogs was discovered by target-based high-throughput screening (hts), and these compounds were optimized to render them more effective and selective inhibitors of liga. the adenosine analogs inhibited the liga ... | 2010 | 21189350 |
| nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in healthy preschool children in ujjain, india. | there is increasing evidence that community acquired s. aureus infections are spreading among healthy children. nasal colonization with s. aureus plays pivotal role in the increasing prevalence of resistant community acquired s. aureus infections worldwide. a regular surveillance system is important in ensuring quality of patient care. the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with nasal carriage of s. aureus and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern among heal ... | 2010 | 21190550 |
| do ribosomopathies explain some cases of common variable immunodeficiency? | the considerable clinical heterogeneity of patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders (cvid) shares some similarity with bone-marrow failure disorders such as diamond-blackfan anaemia (dba) and shwachman-diamond syndrome (sds), now recognized as defects in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies. the recognition of a patient with dba who subsequently developed cvid lends support to our previous finding of a heterozygous mutation in the sbds gene of sbds in another cvid patient, sugg ... | 2010 | 21062271 |
| ceftaroline fosamil: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftaroline fosamil is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against drug-resistant grampositive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. at the same time, its gramnegative spectrum of coverage includes common respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, as well as wild-type enterobacteriaceae. in vivo efficacy for the treatment of experimental endocarditis, pneumonia, ... | 2010 | 21076711 |
| effect of apolactoferrin on experimental pneumococcal otitis media. | to find the effect of apolactoferrin administration on the middle and inner ears after experimentally induced pneumococcal otitis media. | 2010 | 21079169 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of doripenem against clinical isolates from french teaching hospitals: proposition of zone diameter breakpoints. | the aims of the study were to determine the in vitro activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem, against a large number of bacterial pathogens and to propose zone diameter breakpoints for clinical categorization in france according to the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints. the mics of doripenem were determined by the broth microdilution method against 1,547 clinical isolates from eight french hospitals. the disk di ... | 2010 | 21088861 |
| nitric oxide-sensitive and -insensitive interaction of bacillus subtilis nsrr with a resde-controlled promoter. | nsrr is a nitric oxide (no)-sensitive transcription repressor that controls no metabolism in a wide range of bacteria. in bacillus subtilis, nsrr represses transcription of the nitrite reductase (nasdef) genes that are under positive control of the resd-rese two-component signal transduction system. derepression is achieved by reaction of no with nsrr. unlike some nsrr orthologues that were shown to contain a no-sensitive [2fe-2s] cluster, b. subtilis nsrr, when purified anaerobically either fro ... | 2010 | 21091510 |
| identification of gene products involved in the oxidative stress response of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is subjected to oxidative stress from both internal and environmental sources. a previous study (c. d. pericone, k. overweg, p. w. hermans, and j. n. weiser, infect. immun. 68:3990-3997, 2000) indicated that a wild-type strain of m. catarrhalis was very resistant to killing by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂). the gene encoding oxyr, a lysr family transcriptional regulator, was identified and inactivated in m. catarrhalis strain o35e, resulting in an increase in sensitivi ... | 2010 | 21098105 |
| pharmacokinetics, safety, and biologic effects of azithromycin in extremely preterm infants at risk for ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | ureaplasma spp. respiratory tract colonization is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), a chronic lung disorder in preterm infants. as an initial step preparatory to future clinical trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of azithromycin to prevent bpd, the authors characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and biological effects of a single intravenous dose of azithromycin (10 mg/kg) in preterm neonates (n = 12) 24 to 28 weeks gestation at risk for ureaplasma infecti ... | 2010 | 21098694 |
| pharmacokinetics, safety, and biologic effects of azithromycin in extremely preterm infants at risk for ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | ureaplasma spp. respiratory tract colonization is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), a chronic lung disorder in preterm infants. as an initial step preparatory to future clinical trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of azithromycin to prevent bpd, the authors characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and biological effects of a single intravenous dose of azithromycin (10 mg/kg) in preterm neonates (n = 12) 24 to 28 weeks gestation at risk for ureaplasma infecti ... | 2010 | 21098694 |
| burkdiff: a real-time pcr allelic discrimination assay for burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei. | a real-time pcr assay, burkdiff, was designed to target a unique conserved region in the b. pseudomallei and b. mallei genomes containing a snp that differentiates the two species. sensitivity and specificity were assessed by screening burkdiff across 469 isolates of b. pseudomallei, 49 isolates of b. mallei, and 390 isolates of clinically relevant non-target species. concordance of results with traditional speciation methods and no cross-reactivity to non-target species show burkdiff is a robus ... | 2010 | 21103048 |
| nod1 and nod2 regulation of pulmonary innate immunity to legionella pneumophila. | the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (nod2), cytoplasmic receptors which detect bacterial cell wall molecules, in pulmonary innate immune responses is poorly understood. we determined that both nod1 and nod2 detect heat-killed legionella and stimulate nf-κb and ifn-β promoter activity using an in vitro luciferase reporter system. we next infected nod1- and nod2-deficient animals with aerosolized legionella pneumophila. at ... | 2010 | 21108472 |
| [sinusitis is common in small children]. | children have air-filled paranasal sinuses from birth. acute sinusitis is common in early childhood and complicates 5-13% of common colds. bacteriology comprises 30% streptococcus pneumoniae, 20% haemophilus influenzae, 20% moraxella catarrhalis. while suppurative complications are rare, there has been an increasing focus on comorbidity affecting the lower airways (asthma). the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria developed through microbiological studies. antibiotic treatment is controversia ... | 2010 | 21118660 |
| splunc1 regulation in airway epithelial cells: role of toll-like receptor 2 signaling. | respiratory infections including mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) contribute to various chronic lung diseases. we have shown that mouse short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (splunc1) protein was able to inhibit mp growth. further, airway epithelial cells increased splunc1 expression upon mp infection. however, the mechanisms underlying splunc1 regulation remain unknown. in the current study, we investigated if splunc1 production following mp infection is regulated through toll-like recepto ... | 2010 | 21054862 |
| 2-aminoacetophenone as a potential breath biomarker for pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung. | pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are associated with progressive life threatening decline of lung function in cystic fibrosis sufferers. growth of ps. aeruginosa releases a "grape-like" odour that has been identified as the microbial volatile organic compound 2-aminoacetophenone (2-aa). | 2010 | 21054900 |
| novel hybrids of 15-membered 8a- and 9a-azahomoerythromycin a ketolides and quinolones as potent antibacterials. | a series of novel 6-o-substituted and 6,12-di-o-substituted 8a-aza-8a-homoerythromycin a and 9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin a ketolides were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of representative erythromycin-susceptible and erythromycin-resistant test strains. another series of ketolides based on 14-membered erythromycin oxime scaffold was also synthesized and their antibacterial activity compared to those of 15-membered azahomoerythromycin analogues. in gen ... | 2010 | 21055953 |
| clinical features and outcome of patients with irak-4 and myd88 deficiency. | autosomal recessive interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (irak)-4 and myeloid differentiation factor (myd)88 deficiencies impair toll-like receptor (tlr)- and interleukin-1 receptor-mediated immunity. we documented the clinical features and outcome of 48 patients with irak-4 deficiency and 12 patients with myd88 deficiency, from 37 kindreds in 15 countries.the clinical features of irak-4 and myd88 deficiency were indistinguishable. there were no severe viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases, ... | 2010 | 21057262 |
| microbiology of acute complicated bacterial sinusitis at the university of the witwatersrand. | a retrospective chart review study at two referral hospitals identified 226 consecutive surgical patients with acute complicated sinusitis. | 2010 | 20822623 |
| gluconobacter as well as asaia species, newly emerging opportunistic human pathogens among acetic acid bacteria. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are broadly used in industrial food processing. among them, members of the genera asaia, acetobacter, and granulibacter were recently reported to be human opportunistic pathogens. we isolated aab from clinical samples from three patients and describe here the clinical and bacteriological features of these cases. we report for the first time (i) the isolation of a gluconobacter sp. from human clinical samples; (ii) the successive isolation of different aab, i.e., an asa ... | 2010 | 20826638 |
| suppression subtractive hybridization identifies an autotransporter adhesin gene of e. coli imt5155 specifically associated with avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). | extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) represent a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria which are implicated in a large range of infections in humans and animals. although subgroups of different expec pathotypes, including uropathogenic, newborn meningitis causing, and avian pathogenic e. coli (apec) share a number of virulence features, there still might be factors specifically contributing to the pathogenesis of a certain subset of strains or a distinct pathotype. thus, we made use o ... | 2010 | 20828376 |
| the patterns of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of bacterial keratitis isolates in glasgow, united kingdom. | trends in antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria change with time and the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics is not uncommon. the aim of this study is to identify the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns in a tertiary referral centre that commonly manages corneal infections. | 2010 | 20831515 |
| the in vitro evaluation of solithromycin (cem-101) against pathogens isolated in the united states and europe (2009). | solithromycin (formerly cem-101) is a novel fluoroketolide with potent activity against bacterial pathogens that are susceptible or resistant to other mls(b)-ketolide agents. the objective of this study was to assess the activity of solithromycin and comparator antimicrobials against a large number and variety of contemporary clinical bacterial pathogens collected in the united states (usa) and europe during 2009. | 2010 | 20831882 |
| moraxella catarrhalis lgt2, a galactosyltransferase with broad acceptor substrate specificity. | the genetic basis of lipo-oligosaccharide (los) biosynthesis for the bacterium moraxella catarrhalis has been elucidated and functions suggested for each of the glycosyltransferases. in this study we have expressed and characterised one of these enzymes, the putative galactosyltransferase lgt2(b/c). the lgt2(b/c) gene was amplified from m. catarrhalis, expressed in escherichia coli, and lgt2(b/c) was purified. analysis of its glycosyltransferase catalytic activity ascertained the ph and temperat ... | 2010 | 20832776 |
| [acting in pulmonary infections in ambulatory practice at adult]. | the clinical manifestations (both symptoms and signs) of infections of respiratory tract disease are limited and not specific to the cause. however, there is no universal approach, and good clinical judgment is often essential. most people have approximately three colds per year, of which 70% result from viral origin. it should be stressed that a confident diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult outside the hospital. very often the most important clinical questions are whether an antibiotic should b ... | 2010 | 21612048 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | most cases of conjunctivitis in adults are probably due to viral infection, but children are more likely to develop bacterial conjunctivitis than they are viral forms. the main bacterial pathogens are haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in adults and children, and moraxella catarrhalis in children. contact lens wearers may be more likely to develop gram-negative infections. bacterial keratitis occurs in up to 30 per 100,000 contact lens wearers. methods and outcomes: we conducted ... | 2010 | 21718563 |
| emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole. | antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past few years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. development of new antimicrobial agents has been matched by the development of new mechanisms of resistance by bacteria. current antibiotics act at a variety of sites within the target bacteria, including the cross-linking enzymes in the cell wall, various ... | 2010 | 21694889 |
| discovery and analysis of 4h-pyridopyrimidines, a class of selective bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors. | bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. we have developed a poly(u) mrna-directed aminoacylation/translation protein synthesis system composed of phenyl-trna synthetases, ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from escherichia coli. this system, utilizing purified components, has been used for high-throughput screening of a small-molecule chemical library. we have identified a series of compounds that inhibit protein synthesis with 50% inhibit ... | 2010 | 20696870 |
| [in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates in 2009]. | in vitro activity of sitafloxacin (stfx) and various oral antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens between january and december 2009, at different healthcare facilities in japan was evaluated. a total of 1,620 isolates including aerobic and anaerobic organisms was available for the susceptibility testing using the microbroth dilution methods recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. the minimum inhibitory concentration of stfx at which 90% of ... | 2010 | 21425595 |
| determinants of moraxella catarrhalis colonization in healthy dutch children during the first 14 months of life. | moraxella catarrhalis is an established bacterial pathogen, previously thought to be an innocent commensal of the respiratory tract of children and adults. the objective of this study was to identify significant risk factors associated with m. catarrhalis colonization in the first year of life in healthy dutch children. this study investigated a target cohort group of 1079 children forming part of the generation r study, a population-based prospective cohort study following children from fetal l ... | 2010 | 19681950 |
| protection against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae challenges by mucosal vaccination with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate in two chinchilla models. | otitis media (om) can occur following outset of upper respiratory tract infections. inhibition of bacterial colonization in nasopharynx (np) by mucosal vaccination may prevent om by reducing bacterial invasion of the middle ears (mes). in this study, 80 chinchillas were intranasally (i.n.) immunized with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) mixed with cholera toxin (ct) or ct alone. all vaccinated animals responded ... | 2010 | 19782149 |
| protection against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae challenges by mucosal vaccination with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate in two chinchilla models. | otitis media (om) can occur following outset of upper respiratory tract infections. inhibition of bacterial colonization in nasopharynx (np) by mucosal vaccination may prevent om by reducing bacterial invasion of the middle ears (mes). in this study, 80 chinchillas were intranasally (i.n.) immunized with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) mixed with cholera toxin (ct) or ct alone. all vaccinated animals responded ... | 2010 | 19782149 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline against 2423 clinical isolates and comparison of the available interpretation breakpoints. | mics to tigecycline and 12 antimicrobials were performed by microdilution method, against 2423 nonduplicate pathogens recently isolated in 17 greek hospitals. the food and drug administration (fda) and european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) criteria were used comparatively for interpretation of tigecycline mics. tigecycline exhibited potent in vitro activity against the majority of the isolates tested. (mic(90) values of 0.5, 1, 2, 0.125, 1, 0.25, 0.125, and 1 mg/l w ... | 2010 | 19836184 |
| immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media. | om, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. om is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral urt infection. hence, om is also a polymicrobial disease. the mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial om are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. thus, despite an as-yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms ... | 2010 | 19843575 |
| immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media. | om, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. om is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral urt infection. hence, om is also a polymicrobial disease. the mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial om are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. thus, despite an as-yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms ... | 2010 | 19843575 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection. | moraxella catarrhalis, formerly called branhamella catarrhalis, 'neisseria catarrhalis' or 'micrococcus catarrhalis', is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. over the last 20-30 years, this bacterium has emerged as a genuine pathogen, and is now considered an important cause of otitis media in children and an aetiological agent in pneumonia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. however, bacteraemia due to m. catarrha ... | 2010 | 19850707 |
| the immunogenicity of the liposome-associated outer membrane proteins (omps) of moraxella catarrhalis. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) are the most immunogenic and attractive of the moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigens that may induce the protective immune response. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two types of omp-associated phosphatidylcholine (pc) liposomal formulations (omps-pc, pc-omps) and of zwittergent-based proteomicelles (omps-z) in potentiating an anti-omp systemic immune response in mice. the immunogenicities of the above preparations were evaluated by ... | 2010 | 19851720 |
| lack of chlamydophila pneumoniae and predominance of alloiococcus otitidis in middle ear fluids of children with otitis media with effusion. | to investigate the presence of chlamydophila pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens in middle ear effusion samples obtained from children with otitis media with effusion (ome). | 2010 | 19879704 |
| bro {beta}-lactamase and antibiotic resistances in a global cross-sectional study of moraxella catarrhalis from children and adults. | to compare and contrast the geographic and demographic distribution of bro beta-lactamase and antibiotic mic(50/90) for 1440 global moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained from children and adults between 2001 and 2002. | 2010 | 19889789 |
| the prevalence of middle ear pathogens in the outer ear canal and the nasopharyngeal cavity of healthy young adults. | culturing middle ear fluid samples from children with chronic otitis media with effusion (ome) using standard techniques results in the isolation of bacterial species in approximately 30-50% of the cases. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, the classic middle ear pathogens of acute otitis media, are involved but, recently, several studies suggested alloiococcus otitidis as an additional pathogen. in the present study, we used species-specific pcrs to estab ... | 2010 | 19895585 |
| intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of s-013420, a novel bicyclolide antibacterial, in healthy japanese subjects. | s-013420 (edp-420) is a novel bicyclolide (bridged bicyclic macrolide) antibacterial currently under development for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. the objective of the present study was to determine the plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered s-013420 in healthy volunteers. twenty-eight healthy japanese male subjects who never smoked were randomly allocated to seven groups of four subjects each who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) at dif ... | 2010 | 19933801 |
| new patterns in the otopathogens causing acute otitis media six to eight years after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | to describe np and aom otopathogens during the time frame 2007 to 2009, 6 to 8 years after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (pcv7) in the united states and to compare nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and acute otitis media (aom) microbiology in children 6 to 36 months of age having first and second aom episodes with children who are otitis prone. | 2010 | 19935445 |
| correlation of bacterial colonization status between mother and child: the generation r study. | determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. in the generation r study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. such a correlation was observed for staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here. | 2010 | 19940045 |
| correlation of bacterial colonization status between mother and child: the generation r study. | determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. in the generation r study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. such a correlation was observed for staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here. | 2010 | 19940045 |
| a one-step, real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of rhinovirus. | one-step, real-time pcr assays for rhinovirus have been developed for a limited number of pcr amplification platforms and chemistries, and some exhibit cross-reactivity with genetically similar enteroviruses. we developed a one-step, real-time pcr assay for rhinovirus by using a sequence detection system (applied biosystems; foster city, ca). the primers were designed to amplify a 120-base target in the noncoding region of picornavirus rna, and a taqman (applied biosystems) degenerate probe was ... | 2010 | 19948820 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis sepsis in a 4 month-old infant with rsv+ bronchiolitis]. | 2010 | 19955027 | |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| infectious background of febrile advanced lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy. | the study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of procalcitonin (pct) in order to discriminate between infective fever and fever due to inflammation in febrile advanced lung cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. a total of 121 patients with advanced lung cancer, treated with a cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen between september 2007 and september 2008 at kyoto university hospital, were recruited. blood samples were obtained on the first day of the fever. serum c-reactive protein ... | 2010 | 22966393 |
| low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly? | low zinc status may be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. this special article reviews the magnitude of the problem of pneumonia (its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality) in the elderly, pneumonia's etiology, and the dysregulation of the immune system associated with increasing age. in addition, recent evidence from the literature is presented demonstrating that low zinc status (commonly reported in the elderly) impairs immune function, decreases resistance to pathogens, and is associa ... | 2010 | 20041998 |