Publications

are all infections with escherichia coli o157 associated with cattle?		1998	9759740
nucleoside diphosphate kinase from bovine retina: purification, subcellular localization, molecular cloning, and three-dimensional structure.	the biochemical and structural properties of bovine retinal nucleoside diphosphate kinase were investigated. the enzyme showed two polypeptides of approximately 17.5 and 18.5 kda on sds-page, while isoelectric focusing revealed seven to eight proteins with a pi range of 7.4-8.2. sedimentation equilibrium yielded a molecular mass of 96 +/- 2 kda for the enzyme. carbohydrate analysis revealed that both polypeptides contained gal, man, glcnac, fuc, and galnac saccharides. like other nucleoside diph ...	1998	9760230
recombinant jembrana disease virus proteins as antigens for the detection of antibody to bovine lentiviruses.	jembrana disease virus (jdv) is a recently identified bovine lentivirus causing an acute severe disease syndrome in banteng cattle (bos javanicus) and a milder disease syndrome in bos taurus cattle in indonesia. the virus is closely related genetically to the previously identified bovine lentivirus, bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). recombinant clones were produced which contained the capsid (ca) and transmembrane (tm) subunits of the respective gag and env open reading frames of jdv. the pro ...	1998	9763127
an improved direct plate method for the enumeration of stressed escherichia coli o157:h7 from food.	the use of sorbitol macconkey agar (smac) performed poorly in supporting growth of stressed escherichia coli o157:h7 cells. up to a 3-log difference was observed between counts on smac and tryptone soy agar (tsa). it is critical in the risk assessment of certain foods to be able to enumerate stressed and healthy e. coli o157:h7 in a background of potentially healthy competing bacteria. investigations carried out to overcome the inhibitory effect of smac included the reduction of the selective ag ...	1998	9766057
bacterial profile of ground beef made from carcass tissue experimentally contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage bacteria before being washed with hot water, alkaline solution, or organic acid and then stored at 4 or 12 degrees c.	the long-term effectiveness of several beef-carcass surface-tissue (bct) wash interventions on the microbiology of ground beef produced from this tissue was determined. bct was inoculated with bovine feces containing one of two different levels (ca. 4 or 6 log cfu/ml) of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria innocua, salmonella typhimurium, and clostridium sporogenes. the bct was then subjected to one of several treatment washes: 2% (vol/vol) dl-lactic acid (la), 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid (aa), 12% ...	1998	9766060
detection of heavy metal ions at femtomolar levels using protein-based biosensors.	sensors based on proteins (gst-smta and merr) with distinct binding sites for heavy metal ions were developed and characterized. a capacitive signal transducer was used to measure the conformational change following binding. the proteins were overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified, and immobilized in different ways to a self-assembled thiol layer on a gold electrode placed as the working electrode in a potentiostatic arrangement in a flow analysis system. the selectivity and the sensitivity ...	1998	9784752
biological characterization of a novel mammalian antimicrobial peptide.	a putative antimicrobial peptide of 34 residues was recently deduced from a bovine cathelicidin gene sequence and named bmap-34. a peptide based on the deduced sequence was chemically synthesized and used to study the localization, structure and biological activities of bmap-34. a western blot analysis using antibodies raised to the synthetic peptide showed that bmap-34 is stored as proform in the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. cd spectroscopy indicates that the peptide assumes an a ...	1998	9795251
cyp12a1, a mitochondrial cytochrome p450 from the house fly.	eukaryotic p450 proteins are membrane proteins found predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum. in vertebrates, several biosynthetic p450s are found in mitochondria as well. we cloned three putative insect mitochondrial p450s from larval house fly cdna. these p450s are members of a new p450 family, cyp12. the cyp12 proteins are most closely related to the mammalian mitochondrial p450 of the cyp11, cyp24, and cyp27 families. the most abundant cdna, cyp12a1, was expressed in escherichia coli and ...	1998	9808765
expression and characterization of bovine mitochondrial methionyl-trna transformylase.	translational initiation in bacteria and some organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts requires formyl-methionyl-trna (fmet-trna). methionyl-trna (met-trna) undergoes formylation by methionyl-trna transformylase (mtf), and the resulting fmet-trna is utilized exclusively in the initiation process. the gene encoding mammalian mitochondrial mtf (mtfmt) was cloned recently. when the cdna corresponding to mature mtfmt was cloned into an expression vector, no expression of mtfmt was observed. ...	1998	9832609
characterisation of escherichia coli o157:h7 (h-) derived from cattle using random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis.	one hundred and two isolates of escherichia coli o157:h7 derived from cattle were characterised by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). four different rapd profiles were observed. based on the combined results of rapd typing and toxin genotyping, the isolates could be divided into six distinct groups.	1998	9839900
porcine recombinant dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase: comparison of the spectroscopic and catalytic properties of the wild-type and c671a mutant enzymes.	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase catalyzes, in the rate-limiting step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, the nadph-dependent reduction of uracil and thymine to dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine, respectively. the porcine enzyme is a homodimeric iron-sulfur flavoprotein (2 x 111 kda). c671, the residue postulated to be in the uracil binding site and to act as the catalytically essential acidic residue of the enzyme oxidative half-reaction, was replaced by an alanyl residue. the mutant enzyme wa ...	1998	9860876
the sugarless mutation affects the expression of the white eye color gene in drosophila melanogaster.	investigation of a modifier locus displaying a darker eye phenotype in white-apricot flies led to the isolation of the gene encoding udp-glucose dehydrogenase (udpgdh). the p-element insertion l(3)05007 occurs upstream of the transcription start site of the sugarless (sgl) gene and greatly reduces its transcription at various developmental stages. a single abundant sgl transcript shows a ubiquitous distribution and encodes a 53-kda protein which is 64% identical in sequence to bovine udp-glucose ...	1998	9862465
effect of replacing a conserved proline residue on the function and stability of bovine adrenodoxin.	a proline residue in the c-terminal part of the polypeptide chain is highly conserved among many [2fe-2s] ferredoxins. to investigate the requirement for proline at this position, we constructed steric (4-108w), charged (4-108k), polar (4-108s) and non-polar (4-108a) truncated mutants of adrenodoxin and studied them for biological function and stability. although the variants were expressed in escherichia coli with a significantly lower yield compared with wild-type adrenodoxin, successful incor ...	1998	9876927
use of fortuitous in vitro mutations in a synthetic cu-zn superoxide dismutase gene to illuminate protein structure-function relationships.	a completely synthetic bovine copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (cu-znsod), designed using the most favoured codons for expression in yeast, was constructed. fortuitous mutations introduced while cloning the synthetic gene permitted the additional construction of four altered-polypeptide products representing two single (pro121-->leu and gly128-->asp), one double (pro100-->leu, arg113-->lys) and one triple (pro100-->leu, arg113-->lys, pro121-->leu) mutant. all five versions of the gene were ...	1998	9876930
bovine torovirus: sequencing of the structural genes and expression of the nucleocapsid protein of breda virus.	breda virus (brv), a member of the genus torovirus, is an established etiological agent of diarrhea of cattle, which is found as two separate serotypes, brv-1 and brv-2. in this study, a 7.5 kb fragment of the brv-1 genome that bracketed the genes for the structural proteins of brv was amplified by long rt-pcr and the amplicon purified and sequenced directly. sequence analysis revealed the presence of four open reading frames (orf) corresponding to the peplomer (s), envelope (m), and nucleocapsi ...	1998	9879765
cloning, expression, purification, and immunocharacterization of placental protein-14.	human placental protein-14 (pp-14), a member of the lipocalin superfamily, shares homology at the level of the primary and secondary structures with bovine beta-lactoglobulin. it is the most prominent endometrial protein synthesized by the glandular cells of endometrium under estrogen priming and progesterone stimulation. the temporal and spatial expression of pp-14 in the female reproductive tract combined with its biological activities ex vivo suggest that this glycoprotein probably plays an e ...	1998	9882566
comparative study of five different techniques for epidemiological typing of escherichia coli o157.	a set of 47 austrian human, food, and veterinary escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates was used to evaluate five different epidemiological typing methods. ribotyping using an automated microbial characterization system (riboprinter) was not suitable for detection of epidemiological relatedness. all but one e. coli strain were typeable by phage typing. random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr fingerprinting was performed using primer m13 containing the sequence 5'-gag ggt ggc ggt tct-3' and primer 1247 ( ...	1998	9884832
effect of cephapirin and mecillinam on the phagocytic and respiratory burst activity of neutrophil leukocytes isolated from bovine blood.	antimicrobial therapy is the most commonly used treatment of bacterial infections in dairy cows. polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) play an important role in the first line defence against invading bacteria and it is important that the function of pmn is not compromised by antibiotics. we investigated the in vitro effect of cephapirin, a first generation cephalosporin, and mecillinam, an amidinopenicillin with activity against mainly gram-negative bacteria, on phagocytosis and respira ...	1998	9885963
intergenic suppression of the gammam23k uncoupling mutation in f0f1 atp synthase by betaglu-381 substitutions: the role of the beta380delseed386 segment in energy coupling.	we previously demonstrated that the escherichia coli f0f1-atp synthase mutation, gammam23k, caused increased energy of interaction between gamma- and beta-subunits which was correlated to inefficient coupling between catalysis and transport [al-shawi, ketchum and nakamoto (1997) j. biol. chem. 272, 2300-2306]. based on these results and the x-ray crystallographic structure of bovine f1-atpase [abrahams, leslie, lutter and walker (1994) nature (london) 370, 621-628] gammam23k is believed to form ...	1998	9480879
sequence and context dependence of ef-hand loop dynamics. an 15n relaxation study of a calcium-binding site mutant of calbindin d9k.	the influence of amino acid sequence and structural context on the backbone dynamics of ef-hand calcium-binding loops was investigated using 15n spin relaxation measurements on the calcium-free state of the calbindin d9k mutant (a14d+a15delta+p20delta+n21g+p43m), in which the n-terminal pseudo-ef-hand loop, characteristic of s100 proteins, was engineered so as to conform with the c-terminal consensus ef-hand loop. the results were compared to a previous study of the apo state of the wild-type-li ...	1998	9485409
purification and characterization of the hnda subunit of nadp-reducing hydrogenase from desulfovibrio fructosovorans overproduced in escherichia coli.	based on the dna sequence of its structural genes, clustered in the hnd operon, the nadp-reducing hydrogenase of desulfovibrio fructosovorans is thought to be a heterotetrameric complex in which hnda and hndc constitute the nadp-reducing unit and hndd constitutes the hydrogenase unit, respectively. the weak representativity of the enzyme among cell proteins has prevented its purification. this paper discusses the purification and characterization of the hnda subunit of this unique tetrameric iro ...	1998	9485416
isolation from an ant myrmecia gulosa of two inducible o-glycosylated proline-rich antibacterial peptides.	reported here is the isolation and characterization of two antibacterial peptides synthesized in an ant myrmecia gulosa in response to bacterial challenge. the peptides were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry. both peptides were formed from 16 amino acids, were rich in proline ( approximately 30%), and had n-acetylgalactosamine o-linked to a conserved threonine. the activity of a synthetic non-glycosylat ...	1998	9497332
infectious agents associated with diarrhoea of calves in the canton of tilarán, costa rica.	a case-control study of calves under 3 months of age was carried out by weekly visits to 15 farms in the canton of tilarán, costa rica. most farms were dedicated to beef or dual-purpose (dp) production. faecal samples were collected over a 6-month period from a total of 194 calves with clinical signs and from 186 animals without clinical signs of diarrhoea as assessed by a scoring system. the samples were investigated for the presence of viruses, bacteria and parasites. torovirus was detected fo ...	1998	9500174
cloning, sequencing and expression of a cdna encoding bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease i in escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	the bovine pancreatic (bp-) dnase i gene has been cloned from bp-cdna and expressed in e. coli. a polynucleotide sequence of 1295 base pairs was deduced from clones of the cdna. the sequence showed an open reading frame which can be translated as a 282-amino acid polypeptide, including a hydrophobic signal peptide and the polypeptide of bp-dnase i. an expression plasmid was constructed by inserting into the vector pet-15b, a cdna fragment coding for bp-dnase i ligated with a hexanucleotide codin ...	1998	9469931
efficacy of parenteral administration of three antimicrobial agents in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows: 487 cases (1989-1995).	to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral administration of procaine penicillin g, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin in the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows.	1998	9470054
reduction of carriage of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle by inoculation with probiotic bacteria.	bacteria inhibitory to escherichia coli o157:h7 were isolated from cattle and evaluated for their potential for reducing carriage of e. coli o157:h7 in calves. eighteen of 1,200 bacterial isolates from cattle feces and intestinal tissue samples were screened and determined to inhibit the growth of e. coli o157:h7 in vitro. seventeen of the isolates were e. coli and one was proteus mirabilis. none produced shiga toxin. genomic dna fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 13 dis ...	1998	9508288
isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 strains from dutch cattle and sheep.	in the periods from july to november 1995 and 1996, fecal samples from dutch cattle and sheep were collected at the main slaughterhouses of the netherlands, located at different geographic sites. the samples were examined for the presence of verocytotoxin (vt)-producing escherichia coli (vtec) of serogroup 0157. e. coli o157 strains could be isolated from 57 (10.6%) of 540 adult cattle, 2 (0.5%) of 397 veal calves, 2 (3.8%) of 52 ewes, and 2 (4.1%) of 49 lambs. immunomagnetic separation with o15 ...	1998	9542902
a case-control study of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli infection in cats with diarrhea.	the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of enteric verocytotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) infection in a population of cats in ontario, and to determine whether an association exists between the presence of vtec and feline diarrhea. fecal samples from 179 cats, representing 113 cats with diarrhea and 66 cats with normal feces, were cultured for e. coli. the fecal cultures were screened for verocytotoxin activity with a vero cell assay. confirmation of the presence of verocytotoxi ...	1998	9553706
phenotypic expression of k88 adhesion alone or simultaneously with k99 and/or f41 adhesins in the bovine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain b41.	f41-positive and f41-negative derivatives of bovine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain b41 carrying k88 or k88 and k99 plasmids were investigated for stability and expression of genes for their fimbrial antigens. either k88 plasmid alone or both k88 and k99 plasmids could be maintained in these strains though stability could depend on culture medium. k99 antigen could be detected in each strain bearing k99 plasmid. clones that produced k88 antigen or clones that did not produce this antigen ...	1998	9556859
nadph-flavodoxin reductase and flavodoxin from escherichia coli: characteristics as a soluble microsomal p450 reductase.	in addition to their endogenous roles as an activation system for various escherichia coli metabolic pathways, the soluble flavoproteins flavodoxin (fld) and nadph-flavodoxin (ferredoxin) reductase (fpr) can serve as an electron-transfer system for microsomal cytochrome p450s. furthermore, since fld and fpr are structurally similar to the functional domains (fmn binding and nadph/fad binding domains, respectively) of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductases (p450 reductases), these bacterial proteins re ...	1998	9558349
combined effect of ampicillin, colistin and dexamethasone administered intramuscularly to dairy cows on the clinico-pathological course of e. coli-endotoxin mastitis.	the effects of a single intramuscular injection of a drug product containing ampicillin, colistin and dexamethasone, as a suspension in a diester of propylene glycol of medium-chain fatty acids, on the clinico-pathological course of experimental escherichia coli-endotoxin mastitis was examined in 30 dairy cows. cows were divided into five groups, six cows per group, and 24 of them were infused with e. coli endotoxin into two quarters of their udders. the drug product was injected at 25,000 iu co ...	1998	9559523
type specific and genotype cross reactive b epitopes of the l1 protein of hpv16 defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies.	mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the major capsid protein, l1, of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), produced in escherichia coli with the expression plasmid ptrcl1. epitope specificity could be assigned to 11 of these 12 antibodies using a series of linear peptides and fusion proteins from hpv16. one mab (mc53) recognized a novel linear epitope that appears to be unique to the hpv16 genotype. a further 11 mabs were characterized as recognizing novel and previously defin ...	1998	9568027
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a 1:1 complex between a designed monomeric interferon-gamma and its soluble receptor.	a variant of human interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) has been created in which the two chains of the homodimeric cytokine were linked n- to c-terminus by an eight residue polypeptide linker. the sequence of this linker was derived from a loop in bira bifunctional protein, and was determined from a structural database search. this "single-chain" variant was used to create an ifn-gamma molecule that binds only a single copy of the alpha-chain receptor, rather than the 2 alpha-chain receptor: 1 ifn-gamm ...	1998	9568913
cattle and verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec), an old relationship?		1998	9569484
effects of temperature and novobiocin on the expression of calf prochymosin gene and on plasmid copy number in recombinant escherichia coli.	escherichia coli strain hb101 harboring an expression plasmid bearing calf prochymosin gene under the control of the tac promoter was grown in the presence of iptg with or without novobiocin at 28 and 40 degrees c, respectively. the differential rates of synthesis of prochymosin inclusions, and, for comparison, of beta-lactamase and beta-galactosidase, as well as plasmid copy number, were determined during the first hours of steady state growth. at 28 degrees c the induced expression of prochymo ...	1998	9569630
delta subunit of rat liver mitochondrial atp synthase: molecular description and novel insights into the nature of its association with the f1-moiety.	the f1 moiety of atp synthase complexes consists of five subunit types in the stoichiometric ratio alpha 3, beta 3, gamma, delta epsilon. of these, the delta subunit has received very little attention in the study of f1 preparations from eukaryotic cells. although recently shown to associate tightly with the beta subunit [pedersen, p. l., hullihen, j., bianchet, m., amzel, l. m., and lebowitz, m. s. (1995) j. biol. chem. 270, 1775-1784], the delta subunit is not resolved in the x-ray structure o ...	1998	9578578
expression of catalytically active human cytochrome p450scc in escherichia coli and mutagenesis of isoleucine-462.	cytochrome p450scc (p450scc) catalyzes the first step in steroid hormone synthesis, the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. human p450scc has been poorly studied due to the difficulty of purifying reasonable quantities of enzyme from human tissue. to provide a more convenient source of the human enzyme and to enable structure-function studies to be done using site-directed mutagenesis, we expressed the mature form of human p450scc in escherichia coli. the expression system enabled us to p ...	1998	9578606
endotoxin impairs agonist-induced calcium mobilization in bovine aortic myocytes by a nitric oxide-independent mechanism.	we hypothesized that endotoxin (lps) would impair vasoconstrictor-agonist-induced calcium (ca2+) mobilization by a nitric oxide (no)-dependent mechanism. we incubated bovine aortic myocytes (passages 16 to 23) for 22 to 24 hours with 0 to 1.0 mg/ml escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps). medium (dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem) + 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs)) was assayed for nitrite (chemiluminescence), and myocytes were loaded with fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2am), after which ...	1998	9579387
recombinant production and purification of novel antisense antimicrobial peptide in escherichia coli.	a fusion protein was genetically engineered that contains an antimicrobial peptide, designated p2, at its carboxy terminus and bovine prochymosin at its amino terminus. bovine prochymosin was chosen as the fusion partner because of its complete insolubility in escherichia coli, a property utilized to protect the cells from the toxic effects of the antimicrobial peptide. this fusion protein was purified by centrifugation as an insoluble inclusion body. a methionine linker between prochymosin and ...	1998	10099178
conjugal transfer of plasmids and antibiotic resistance among escherichia coli isolated from animals in a rural area in sarawak (malaysia).	thirty-six strains of escherichia coli isolated from animals in bario, a remote area in sarawak, malaysia, were examined for presence of plasmid dna and their susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents. of the total 36 isolates, five bovine and six canine isolates were found to contain plasmid dna ranging in sizes from 2.6 to 70 kilobases. all were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and neomycin but resistance to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (19%), strept ...	1997	12452600
mitochondrial methionyl-trna transformylase from bovine liver.	substrate specificities of mammalian mitochondrial methionyl-trna transformylase (mtfmt) toward trna substrates were characterized in vitro. the mtfmt is able to formylate e. coli initiator methionyl-trna (met-trna(fmet)) as efficiently as mammalian mitochondrial methionyl-trna. furthermore, e. coli elongator methionyl-trna (met-trna(mmet)) also serves as a substrate for mt mtf, whereas e. coli mtf rigorously excludes e. coli met-trna(mmet) from formylation reaction. thus, mammal mt mtf is sugge ...	1997	9586066
oligosaccharide-derivatized dendrimers: defined multivalent inhibitors of the adherence of the cholera toxin b subunit and the heat labile enterotoxin of e. coli to gm1.	poly(propylene imine) dendrimers having four or eight primary amino groups and a starburst (pamam) dendrimer having eight primary amino groups were used as core molecules, to which phenylisothiocyanate derivatized (pitc) galbeta1-3galnacbeta1-4[sialic acid alpha2-3]-galbeta1-4glc (oligo-gm1) residues were covalently attached to yield multivalent oligosaccharides. the synthesis of the oligo-gm1-pitc derivatized dendrimers was monitored using high performance thin layer chromatography, infrared sp ...	1997	9511989
[current resistance status of escherichia coli strains from bovine mastitis milk samples].	between december 1996 and march 1997, 95 e.coli strains were isolated from mastitis milk samples from 95 different animals. in 29.5% resistance could be observed against one or several of the examined antibiotics. however, cefoperazone, polymyxin b, colistin and gentamycin proved effective against the majority of these strains. between 0 and 23% of e.coli were resistant against the single tested antibiotics. as opposed to earlier investigations a smaller number of chloramphenicol-resistant strai ...	1997	9480542
structure-function studies of the adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis and the leukotoxin of pasteurella haemolytica by heterologous c protein activation and construction of hybrid proteins.	the adenylate cyclase toxin (cyaa) from bordetella pertussis and the leukotoxin (lkta) from pasteurella haemolytica are members of the rtx (stands for repeats in toxin) family of cytolytic toxins. they have pore-forming activity and share significant amino acid homology but show marked differences in biological activity. cyaa is an invasive adenylate cyclase and a weak hemolysin which is active on a wide range of mammalian cells. lkta is a cytolytic protein with a high target cell specificity an ...	1997	9006045
casein kinase ii phosphorylates bovine papillomavirus type 1 e1 in vitro at a conserved motif.	the e1 protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) is a phosphoprotein which specifically binds and unwinds the virus replication origin by atp-dependent helicase activity. the el protein has been shown to be multiply phosphorylated in vivo, although the sites of modification are incompletely mapped. examination of the predicted amino acid sequence of all available e1 proteins revealed strong conservation between amino acids 25 and 60 of a motif consisting of a serine residue followed by a s ...	1997	9010301
expression and function of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in canine basilar artery.	endothelial no synthase (enos) is an enzyme responsible for the production of a potent vasodilator and a key regulator of vascular tone, no. in peripheral arteries, expression of a recombinant enos gene increases production of no in the blood vessel wall. this approach appears to be a promising strategy for gene therapy of cerebrovascular disease. the major objective of the present study was to determine whether a recombinant enos gene (adcmvnos) can be functionally expressed in cerebral arterie ...	1997	9048652
escherichia coli o157:h7 in livestock in japan.	the largest ever outbreak in japan of escherichia coli o157 infection in humans occurred in 1996. as a result, surveys were conducted later the same year to evaluate the sources and pathogenesis of this bacillus in livestock animals at the farm and in abattoirs. one of the surveys resulted in the isolation of e. coli o157 in 0.62% of cattle on randomly selected farms. although no confirmation has been made with regard to the source of e. coli o157 infection and its pathogenicity in livestock ani ...	1997	9501352
meat from dairy cows: possible microbiological hazards and risks.	the authors provide an overview of the circumstances associated with culling of dairy cattle in the united states of america (usa) and focus on the possible significant microbiological hazards associated with meat from cull dairy cows. cull dairy cows are an important source of food in the usa, accounting for at least approximately 17% of ground beef. the potential microbiological hazards for foodborne illness from cull dairy cows discussed here include salmonella (with special attention to s. t ...	1997	9501354
risks and prevention of contamination of dairy products.	consumers and regulatory officials are becoming increasingly aware of the human health risk of the presence of micro-organisms or chemicals in the agricultural environment. providing 'on-farm food safety' programmes which address the daily management of the production unit with regard to animal health and well-being, public health and environmental health must be a top priority for agriculturalists and veterinarians. developing critical control point management (ccpm) procedures for animal and h ...	1997	9501360
identification of a c-terminal binding site for g-protein betagamma-subunits in phosducin-like protein.	phosducin-like protein (phlp) has recently been identified as a ubiquitous inhibitor of g-protein betagamma-subunit (g betagamma)-mediated signaling, with an affinity about 5-fold lower than that of phosducin. the g betagamma binding site of phosducin has been suggested to be contained in its n-terminus. a region corresponding to this n-terminus is lacking in phlp, suggesting that phlp must utilize a different mode of g betagamma binding. to map the g betagamma binding site in phlp, a series of ...	1997	9013896
kinetics of excision of purine lesions from dna by escherichia coli fpg protein.	the kinetics of excision of damaged purine bases from oxidatively damaged dna by escherichia coli fpg protein were investigated. dna substrates, prepared by treatment with h2o2/fe(iii)-edta or by gamma-irradiation under n2o or air, were incubated with fpg protein, followed by precipitation of dna. precipitated dna and supernatant fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. kinetic studies revealed efficient excision of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oh-gua), 2,6-diamin ...	1997	9016584
the proton-translocating nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (ndh-1) of thermophilic bacterium thermus thermophilus hb-8. complete dna sequence of the gene cluster and thermostable properties of the expressed nqo2 subunit.	the genes encoding the proton-translocating nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (ndh-1) of a thermophilic bacterium thermus thermophilus hb-8 were cloned and sequenced. they constitute a cluster that is composed of 14 structural genes and contains no unidentified reading frames. all of the 14 structural genes, which are designated nqo1-14, encode subunits homologous to those of paracoccus denitrificans ndh-1, respectively, and are arranged in the same order as other bacterial ndh-1 genes. t. thermophilu ...	1997	9020134
ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of the pulmonary intravascular macrophages of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-treated sheep.	pulmonary intravascular macrophages (pims) of sheep, cattle, goats, and horses have a novel heparin-sensitive chain of globules, called a surface coat, on their plasma membrane. the globules are arranged at a distance of 32-39 nm from the plasma membrane of pims. intravascular nonbiological tracer particles complex with these globules prior to their endocytosis by the pims.	1997	9026001
bacteriological culture of blood from critically ill neonatal calves.	the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of bacteremia in critically ill, neonatal calves with severe diarrhea or depression, and to describe the variety of bacteria involved. two studies were conducted in the summers of 1991 and 1993 involving 190 neonatal calves, 1-day to 19-days-old. bacteremia was detected by blood culture in 31% (28/90) of calves in study 1, and in 24% (19/79) of ill calves and 0% (0/21) of control calves in study 2. bacteria cultured from blood included ...	1997	9028592
effects of minor and major groove-binding drugs and intercalators on the dna association of minor groove-binding proteins reca and deoxyribonuclease i detected by flow linear dichroism.	linear and circular dichroic spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the effects of small dna ligands on the interactions of two proteins which bind to the minor groove of dna, viz. reca protein from escherichia coli and deoxyribonuclease i (bovine pancreas). ligands representing three specific non-covalent binding modes were investigated: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and distamycin a (minor groove binders), methyl green (major groove binder), and methylene blue, ethidium bromide and e ...	1997	9030776
interconversion of red opsin isoforms by the cyclophilin-related chaperone protein ran-binding protein 2.	ran-binding protein 2 (ranbp2) (type ii) is a retinal cyclophilin-related protein that binds ran-gtpase. type i cyclophilin is a shorter, alternatively spliced isoform of ranbp2. recently, we showed that the ran-binding domain 4 (rbd4)/cyclophilin (cy) supradomain of ranbp2 acts both in vitro and in vivo as a specific chaperone for bovine red/green opsin (r/g opsin). r/g opsin undergoes a stable modification of its electrophoretic mobility upon binding to ranbp2. this modification is likely due ...	1997	9037092
comparison of the recombinant and authentic forms of the pasteurella haemolytica a1 glycoprotease.	the o-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (glycoprotease, gcp) is secreted by pasteurella haemolytica a1, a gram-negative pathogen associated with bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. when the cloned gcp gene is expressed in escherichia coli, the recombinant glycoprotease (rgcp) is exported to the periplasm but does not exhibit enzymatic activity. polyclonal calf sera and murine monoclonal antibodies to rgcp were used for the further immunological and biochemical characterization of the authentic and re ...	1997	9037761
studies on the development and use of a monoclonal sandwich elisa for the detection of verotoxic escherichia coli in animal faeces.	a sandwich elisa using monoclonal antibodies to escherichia coli verocytotoxins 1 and 2 for capture and detection was developed for detection of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in animal faeces. for optimal toxin detection, the faeces were cultured in macconkey broth before subculture on to trypticase soy agar containing mitomycin c. it was possible to detect between 10 and 10(3) vti-producing and 1 to 10 vt2-producing e coli/g faeces, and overall the sensitivity and specificity ...	1997	9042694
the effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection in low somatic cell count herds. ii. dynamics of intramammary infections.	results of a 20 month split-udder trial on the effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection on intramammary infections (imi) with major and minor pathogens in seven dairy herds with a low somatic cell count are described. the incidence of escherichia coli imi was found to be significantly lower, whereas the incidence of imi with staphylococcus aureus and minor pathogens was significantly higher in quarters for which postmilking teat disinfection was discontinued than in disinfected ...	1997	9225431
expression of p, s, and f1c adhesins by cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-producing escherichia coli from septicemic and diarrheic pigs.	nineteen papc-positive cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1)-producing escherichia coli isolates from pigs with septicemia or diarrhea were tested for the presence of pap-, sfa-, and afa-related sequences encoding p/prs, s/f1c, and dr/afa adhesins respectively. production of adhesins by isolates was tested by mannose-resistant hemagglutination (mrha), sialidase treatment of erythrocytes and particle agglutination tests. production of p, s, and f1c fimbriae by isolates was also examined by immuno ...	1997	9231424
endotoxaemia in dairy cattle: mechanism of reticulorumen stasis.	the objective of this study was to determine whether blockade of alpha(-2) adrenergic receptors would restore reticulorumen motility during toxaemia in cows. reticulorumen contractions were measured via a water-filled balloon connected to a pressure transducer. intravenous infusion of endotoxin (100 ng kg-1 over 30 min) significantly decreased the number of reticulorumen contractions. intravenous infusion of yohimbine (125 micrograms kg-1 over 30 min) alone did not affect reticulorumen contracti ...	1997	9232121
evaluation of blood acid-base balance after experimental administration of endotoxin in adult cow.	esherichia coli endotoxin was administered intravenously to 7 holstein adult cows, to evaluate the effect of endotoxin on acid-base balance. endotoxin shock was observed immediately after the administration of endotoxin. a loss of appetite and depression of digestive tract motility continued for about 120 hr after the challenge. metabolic alkalosis following hypochloremia and hypokalemia were particularly pronounced at 12 to 72 hr after the administration of endotoxin.	1997	9234228
complement fragment c5a and inflammatory cytokines in neutrophil recruitment during intramammary infection with escherichia coli.	generation of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte recruitment to infection at an epithelial surface were studied during escherichia coli-induced mastitis. one uninfected gland of each of eight midlactation cows was challenged with only 30 cfu of e. coli mcdonald strain 487, a serum-resistant isolate from a cow with mastitis. bacteria grew logarithmically during the first 10 to 12 h after challenge, reaching concentrations of more than 10(5) cfu/ml with no detectable host response during this ti ...	1997	9234788
synthesis and characterization of selenolipoylated h-protein of the glycine cleavage system.	h-protein of the glycine cleavage system has a lipoic acid prosthetic group. selenolipoic acid is a lipoic acid analog in which both sulfur atoms are replaced by selenium atoms. two isoforms of bovine lipoyltransferase that are responsible for the attachment of lipoic acid to h-protein had an affinity for selenolipoyl-amp and transferred the selenolipoyl moiety to bovine apoh-protein comparable to lipoyl-amp. selenolipoylated h-protein was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. selenoli ...	1997	9242652
microbiological composition of raw milk from selected farms in the camembert region of normandy.	raw milk from 27 farms was sampled over 6 months for listerias, salmonellas, yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacters. total bacterial counts and somatic cell counts were measured. lactococci, lactobacilli, dextran-producing leuconostocs, brevibacterium linens, yeasts and moulds, staphylococcus aureus and other micrococcaceae, pseudomonas, coliforms, escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens and spores of anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacteria were also counted. pseudomonas (2000 c ...	1997	9246770
endotoxin induces endothelial barrier dysfunction through protein tyrosine phosphorylation.	bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) induces actin reorganization, intercellular gap formation, and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro. we studied whether lps-induced increments in 14c-labeled bovine serum albumin (bsa) flux across bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (ec) monolayers and actin depolymerization are mediated through protein tyrosine phosphorylation. lysates from ec exposed to lps derived from escherichia coli 0111:b4 (100 ng/ml, 1 h) demonstrated increased tyrosine phospho ...	1997	9252559
outbreak of clinical mastitis in dairy cows following 'blitz' therapy.		1997	9253837
immunolocalization of the pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein ie180 by immunoperoxidase staining.	the immediate-early (1e) gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) expresses immediately upon infection, a phosphorylated protein (immediate-early protein, ie180) that can transactivate viral other genes and plays an essential role in regulating viral gene expression. in order to detect and localize ie180 in infected cells early on, this gene was cloned for overexpression, and the expressed products were applied to generate specific antibodies against ie180 protein. two recombinant expression plasmids pn ...	1997	9255733
the crystal structure of the nucleotide-free alpha 3 beta 3 subcomplex of f1-atpase from the thermophilic bacillus ps3 is a symmetric trimer.	f1-atpase, an oligomeric assembly with subunit stoichiometry alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon, is the catalytic component of the atp synthase complex, which plays a central role in energy transduction in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. the crystal structure of bovine mitochondrial f1-atpase displays a marked asymmetry in the conformation and nucleotide content of the catalytic beta subunits. the alpha 3 beta 3 subcomplex of f1-atpase has been assembled from subunits of the moderately ...	1997	9261073
role of domains in escherichia coli and mammalian mitochondrial elongation factor ts in the interaction with elongation factor tu.	bovine mitochondrial elongation factor ts (ef-tsmt) stimulates the activity of escherichia coli elongation factor tu (ef-tu). in contrast, e. coli ef-ts is unable to stimulate mitochondrial ef-tu. ef-tsmt forms a tight complex with e. coli ef-tu governed by an association constant of 8.6 x 10(10). this value is 100-fold stronger than the binding constant for the formation of the e. coli ef-tu.ts complex. to test which domain of ef-tsmt is important for its strong binding with ef-tu, chimeras wer ...	1997	9268331
recombinant uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from the thermophile bacillus caldolyticus: expression, purification, and partial characterization.	the upp gene encoding the major uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (uprt) of the thermophile bacillus caldolyticus was cloned by complementation of an escherichia coli upp mutation. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned dna revealed an open reading frame of 630 bp encoding a polypeptide of 209 amino acids (m(r) 22,817) with 84% amino acid sequence identity to the deduced upp gene product of bacillus subtilis. primer extension analysis indicated that the transcriptional start site of the cloned gen ...	1997	9268683
detection and characterization of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli in slaughtered cattle.	fecal samples from slaughtered cattle were studied for enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) by dna hybridization with biotin-labelled dna probes specific for the ehec virulence plasmid, shiga-like toxin i (slt i), shiga-like toxin ii (slt ii) and eae gene. among 136 animals analysed, 47 (34.5%) were found to carry ehec. the cytotoxic genotypes observed for ehec strains were: 60.4% slt i, 12.5% slt ii and 10.4% slt i + slt ii; 16.7% resulted slt i and slt ii negative. a total of 14 out of 4 ...	1997	9270349
molecular cloning of the complementary dna for an additional member of the family of aortic aneurysm antigenic proteins.	we have purified and partially sequenced a protein from the adventitia of the human aorta (aortic aneurysm antigenic protein 40 kda; aaap-40) that has homologies to bovine aortic microfibril-associated glycoprotein (magp-36). it is immunoreactive with immunoglobulin g (iggs) purified from the serum and aortic wall of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. aaap-40 and magp-36 have fibrinogen-like and vitronectin-like motifs. screening an expression library constructed from human aortic adventi ...	1997	9279320
activation of endothelial cell phospholipase d by migrating neutrophils.	vascular endothelium plays a critical role in regulating the integrity of intercellular adhesive and junctional contacts in response to migrating neutrophils during the inflammatory process. biochemical responses induced in endothelial cells by adherent, migrating neutrophils are poorly understood. this study was undertaken to explore the possibility that endothelial cell phospholipase d (pld) is activated when neutrophils migrate through endothelial cell monolayers in response to chemotactic st ...	1997	9291695
purification and characterization of the protein kinase encoded by the ul13 gene of herpes simplex virus type 2.	the proteins encoded by the ul13 genes of herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) have been predicted to be protein kinases. to identify the ul13 gene product, we have raised a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against a his.tag-hsv-1 ul13 fusion protein. the antibody specifically reacted with the 60-kda ul13 fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli and also recognized 56- to 57-kda late proteins in nuclear fractions of hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cells. on the other hand, novel casein ki ...	1997	9300039
chinese hamster protein homologous to human putative protein kinase kiaa0204 is associated with nuclei, microtubules and centrosomes in cho-k1 cells.	monoclonal antibody raised against a preparation of loach fish sperm centrosomes was used for screening of cdna expressing library of chinese hamster cho-k1 cells. two positive clones appeared to encode 628 amino acid protein fragment that was 72% identical to human kiaa0204 protein, i.e. putative protein kinase. polyclonal antibodies raised against products of cdna expression in e. coli recognized 210-kda polypeptide in cho-k1 cells and immunostained nuclear speckles, centrosomes and microtubul ...	1997	9305747
biochemical evidence that saccharomyces cerevisiae ygr262c gene, required for normal growth, encodes a novel ser/thr-specific protein kinase.	saccharomyces cerevisiae ygr262c gene, whose disruption causes severely defective growth, encodes a putative protein kinase shorter than any other protein kinase biochemically characterized to date and lacking some of the conserved features of these enzymes. here we show that the product of the ygr262c gene, pid261, expressed in e. coli with a c-terminal (his)6 tag, is a bona fide ser/thr protein kinase as judged from its capability to autophosphorylate and to phosphorylate casein and osteoponti ...	1997	9305753
mammalian protein rap46: an interaction partner and modulator of 70 kda heat shock proteins.	a ubiquitously expressed nuclear receptor-associating protein of approximately 46 kda (rap46) was identified recently. interaction experiments with in vitro-translated proteins and proteins contained in cell extracts revealed that a great variety of cellular regulators associate with rap46. however, in direct interaction tests by the far-western technique, only 70 kda proteins showed up and were identified as members of the 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70) family. interaction is specific since ...	1997	9312007
characterization of a gdp dissociation inhibitory region of adp-ribosylation factor domain protein ard1.	adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) are approximately 20-kda guanine nucleotide-binding proteins initially identified by their ability to stimulate cholera toxin adp-ribosyltransferase activity and later recognized as critical components in intracellular vesicular transport and phospholipase d activation. arf domain protein 1 (ard1) is a member of the arf family that differs from other arfs by the presence of a 46-kda amino-terminal extension. we previously reported that this extension acts as a gtp ...	1997	9312116
a simple filtration technique to detect enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 and its toxins in beef by multiplex pcr.	primers, specific for a unique base substitution in uida of escherichia coli o157:h7, were coupled with oligonucleotides for the shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) and slt-ii genes in a multiplex pcr assay. a minimum of 10(2) cfu per pcr (10 microliters) was necessary to amplify e. coli o157:h7-specific bands by multiplex pcr. food particles as well as various unknown metabolic by-products of bacteria inhibited the pcr, but a simple two-step filtration procedure eliminated this inhibition. to reliably g ...	1997	9327582
cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in a dairy cow.	a 9-year-old holstein cow was evaluated for colic and decreased milk production of 2 days' duration. preoperative serum biochemical results suggested hepatic damage and cholestasis. on the basis of persistent signs of abdominal pain that were nonresponsive to analgesics, exploratory laparotomy was performed. the cow was found to have choleliths. cholecystocentesis was performed, and samples were submitted for cytologic examination and bacterial culture. bacterial culture yielded escherichia coli ...	1997	9333096
effects of 4-ipomeanol on bovine alveolar macrophage function.	the objective of this study was to determine whether 4-ipomeanol toxicosis in calves impairs alveolar macrophage functions important in pulmonary defense against infectious agents. male holstein calves were given either 4-ipomeanol (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) or vehicle (polyethylene glycol 400). alveolar macrophages were recovered by pulmonary lavage 3 days later, and their capacities to phagocytose and kill e. coli, migrate toward zymosan-activated immune bovine serum, and produce interferon and interle ...	1997	9336881
interaction of the dna topoisomerase ii catalytic inhibitor meso-2,3-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-yl)butane (icrf-193), a bisdioxopiperazine derivative, with the conserved region(s) of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic enzyme.	icrf-193 [meso-2,3-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-yl)butane], a bisdioxopiperazine compound, has been shown to be a catalytic inhibitor of dna topoisomerase ii by stabilizing the enzyme in the form of a closed "protein clamp," an intermediate form in the catalytic cycle (roca et al., proc natl acad sci usa 91: 1781-1785, 1994). in view of its usefulness as a probe in the functional analysis of the enzyme, we tried further to define the domain(s) of the enzyme interacting with the drug by examining it ...	1997	9337070
n-terminal truncation mutagenesis of equinatoxin ii, a pore-forming protein from the sea anemone actinia equina.	the role of the n-terminal segment 1-33 of equinatoxin ii, a 20 kda pore-forming protein from the sea anemone actinia equina, was studied by n-truncation mutagenesis. a part of this segment was classified as being amphiphilic and membrane seeking. wild-type equinatoxin ii and its mutants lacking 5, 10 and 33 amino acid residues, respectively, were produced in escherichia coli using t7 rna polymerase-based expression vector. soluble recombinant proteins were isolated from bacterial lysates and as ...	1997	9342140
detection of stec and epidemiological investigations in surrounding of a hus patient.	after occurrence of a case of hus infection in a 2-year-old infant from a dairy farmer's family living near oldenburg, investigations were performed in the infant's surrounding in order to elucidate the route of infection. since hospitalization took place at a late stage, it was not possible to isolate ehec from the patient's stool samples. however, e. coli o157 antibody determinations in serum were positive. since stec of serogroup o157 were found in faeces from the 34 dairy cows of the farm, s ...	1997	9342886
a structural requirement of zinc for the folding of recombinant link protein.	we have cloned and ligated a full-length bovine link protein (lp) in the pmal-c2 vector and overexpressed it in fusion with maltose-binding protein (mbp) in escherichia coli. we have demonstrated dose-dependent binding of mbp/lp to biotinylated hyaluronan in a dot blot assay. a greater percentage of the expressed fusion protein was soluble, monomeric, and undegraded when the growth temperature was lowered, the growth medium was supplemented with zinc, and metal chelators were omitted from the ly ...	1997	9344458
a stable alpha-helical domain at the n terminus of the rialpha subunits of camp-dependent protein kinase is a novel dimerization/docking motif.	the rialpha subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase is maintained as an asymmetric dimer by a dimerization motif at the n terminus. based on resistance to proteolysis and expression as a discrete domain in escherichia coli, this motif is defined as residues 12-61. this motif is chemically, kinetically, and thermally stable. the two endogenous interchain disulfide bonds between cys16 and cys37 in rialpha are extremely resistant to reduction even in 8 m urea, indicating that they are well shielde ...	1997	9353302
application of recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins in the diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea infection in cattle.	the national animal disease laboratory (nadl) vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genes for gp48 and p80 were expressed in escherichia coli. the bvdv-nadl gene for gp62 was integrated into a baculovirus genome for expression in spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) insect ovarian cells. the antigenicity of baculovirus expressed bvdv protein was detected by anti-bvdv specific antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and radio-immun ...	1997	9355247
responses of antibody titers to intramammary immunization with escherichia coli j5 bacterin.	the effect of an immunization schedule on responses of antibody titers was tested following vaccination with an escherichia coli j5 bacterin. eighteen cows were equally distributed among three immunization schedules: 1) subcutaneous injection at 14 d prior to the end of lactation, intramammary immunization at 7 d after drying off, and subcutaneous injection at 30 d into the dry period; 2) subcutaneous injections at drying off, at 30 d into the dry period, and within 12 h after calving; and 3) un ...	1997	9361212
virulence factors of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from raw meats.	pcr for verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) was positive in 4.6% of 2,440 raw meat samples; only beef, sheep, and venison samples were positive. none of the isolated vtec strains belonged to serogroup o157. additional virulence factors were detected in only a minority of strains, suggesting that most of these meat vtec isolates are not pathogenic.	1997	9361444
a 1-year study of escherichia coli o157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.	samples of rectal faeces were collected immediately after slaughter from 400 cattle each month for a 1-year period and from 1000 each of sheep, pigs and poultry over the same period. samples were examined for escherichia coli o157 by enrichment culture in buffered peptone water with vancomycin, cefixime and cefsulodin followed by immunomagnetic separation and culture of magnetic particles onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar. e. coli o157 was isolated from 752 (15.7%) of 4800 cattle, ...	1997	9363024
persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy cattle and the dairy farm environment.	the persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle and the farm environment was investigated on eight ontario dairy farms positive for e. coli o157:h7 in a longitudinal study commenced one year previously. faecal samples from cows, calves, humans, cats, rodents, wild birds, a composite fly sample and numerous composite and individual environmental samples were cultured and tested for verotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec). vtec isolates were serotyped and e. coli o157:h7 isolates were phage typed ...	1997	9363025
bovine spongiform encephalopathy: is it an autoimmune disease due to bacteria showing molecular mimicry with brain antigens?	bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) could be an autoimmune disease produced following exposure of cattle to feedstuffs containing bacteria showing molecular mimicry between bacterial components and bovine tissue. analysis of molecular sequence databases (genbank and swissprot) shows that three bacteria (acinetobacter calcoaceticus,ruminococcus albus, and agrobacter tumefaciens) share sequences with the encephalitogenic peptide of bovine myelin, while three molecules in escherichia coli show m ...	1997	9370514
a genomic polymorphism located downstream of the gcvp gene of escherichia coli that correlates with ecological niche.	current evolutionary theory proposes that niche-adapted microbial populations might evolve through selection for favoured genotypes followed by clonal expansion (maynard-smith, 1991). possible correlations between genomic variation and ecological niche in escherichia coli isolates derived from human and animal sources were investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. a 1.6-kb polymorphic marker was identified which was present in 60% of isolates from human clinical specime ...	1997	9394461
localization of the heme binding region in soluble guanylate cyclase.	soluble guanylate cyclase (sgc) is a heterodimeric hemoprotein composed of alpha1 and beta1 subunits. sgc is activated by nitric oxide (no) and therefore plays a central role in no signal transduction. activation of sgc by no is believed to be mediated by the interaction between no and the heme of sgc. spectroscopic and kinetic studies have shown that the heme of sgc is in a unique environment. characterization of the heme environment is critical to the understanding of the mechanism of no activ ...	1997	9398330
characterization of the pasteurella haemolytica transferrin receptor genes and the recombinant receptor proteins.	the tbpa and tbpb genes encoding the transferrin receptor proteins, tbpa and tbpb, from pasteurella haemolytica a1 were cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. the genes were organized in a putative operon arrangement of tbpb- tbpa. the tbpb gene was preceded by putative promoter and regulatory sequences, and followed by a 96 base pair intergenic sequence in which no promoter regions were found, suggesting that the two genes are coordinately transcribed. the deduced amino acid seque ...	1997	9405205
concentrations of alpha-tocopherol after intramammary infusion of escherichia coli or lipopolysaccharide.	fifteen holstein cows were used in a trial involving intramammary challenge to determine the effects of acute clinical mastitis on the concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in milk and plasma and the concentrations of neutrophils in milk and blood. cows were assigned to one of three experimental groups challenged by intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide, escherichia coli, or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. all quarters infused with lipopolysaccharide or e. coli were diagnosed with clinical ...	1997	9406075
inhibitory effect on lps-induced tumor necrosis factor in calves treated with chlorpromazine or pentoxifylline.	the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine (cpz), pentoxifylline (ptx) and dexamethasone (dex) was investigated in a model of endotoxin shock in holstein calves following an intravenous administration of esherichia coli endotoxin (lps). initial correlations with its effects on the levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf), a pivotal mediator of endotoxin shock, and clinical signs were obtained. the pretreatment of cpz or dex significantly decreased the serum levels of tnf, and reduced endotoxic shock. ...	1997	9409530
[detection and occurrence of verotoxin-forming and/or shigatoxin producing escherichia coli (vtec and/or stec) in milk].	raw milk contaminated with vtec was described as a source of human ehec infection. diagnosis of vtec from milk is complicated by the low number of vt-positive cells in the total bacterial count, the great variety of serovars with different combinations of virulence markers and the lack of characteristic biochemical properties for the cultural detection of all vtec. the graduated procedure presented and used for the examination of milk samples is based on vt detection in suitable enrichment cultu ...	1997	9412452
the 'assembly-promoting sequence region' of microtubule-associated protein 4 failed to promote microtubule assembly.	in order to study the function of the bovine map4 microtubule-binding domain (the assembly-promoting (ap) sequence region), a fragment corresponding to the ap sequence region was prepared using an escherichia coli expression system. when the fragment was mixed with purified tubulin at 37 degrees c, the fragment caused a time- and dose-dependent turbidity increase, and the fragment bound to tubulin. however, the products were cold-stable, and amorphous aggregates were observed by electron microsc ...	1997	9414090