Publications

a neuraminidase from streptococcus sanguis that can release o-acetylated sialic acids.	the naturally occurring sialic acids can have different types of n- and o-substitutions, resulting in more than 20 known isomers and compounds. most methods for the detailed study of these various sialic acids require that the molecules be first released from their alpha-glycosidic linkage. when mild acid hydrolysis is used for this purpose, significant destruction of o-substituent groups occur. on the other hand, the presence of o-substituent groups renders the sialic acid molecule partially or ...	1983	6630194
monoclonal antibodies against group- and type-specific lipopolysaccharide antigens of vibrio cholerae o:1.	hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the o-antigenic determinants of vibrio cholerae o:1 have been established. the specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition experiments by using lipopolysaccharides from v. cholerae o:1 strains and type strains of groups o:2 and o:21. the anti-a antibody was of the immunoglobulin m (igm) class, whereas the anti-b and -c antibodies were igg3. the antibodies had a good agglutinating capacity ...	1983	6630437
[the antibacterial effect of niridazole on vibrio cholerae strains].		1983	6634168
photodynamic damage and its repair in vibrio cholerae.		1983	6634957
nature of interaction of different wild type vibrio cholerae with intestinal mucosa.	scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used in this study to investigate the mechanism of association of cholera vibrios with the intestinal mucosa. for this purpose, the interactions of three virulent, wild type strains (ca401, p, and 3083) of vibrio cholerae with intestinal segments of infant mice were compared. the results of previous studies by different investigators using the three strains separately and in different assay systems had led to differing conclusions concerning the mechanisms ...	1983	6635553
improved method, using staphylococcal beta-hemolysin, for detection of hemolysin(s) produced by vibrio cholerae biotype el tor.	a tube test using brain heart infusion broth and staphylococcal b-lysin (hibl) was devised to improve the detection of vibrio cholerae el tor hemolysin. fifty six (100%) strains of v. cholerae serotypes ogawa (28) and inaba (28) were positive by the hemolysin test whereas 4 inaba and 2 ogawa were positive by a standard tube test using heart infusion broth (hib) and 20 ogawa and 18 inaba were positive by another tube test using hib containing glycerol (hibg). seven classical v. cholerae strains t ...	1983	6635756
enteric fever in patients admitted to a diarrhoeal disease hospital in bangladesh.	the hospital records of 62 patients with blood culture-proven enteric fever admitted to the dacca hospital of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, over a one-year period were reviewed. older children and young adults had the highest age-specific rates of disease. the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory features of patients with enteric fever were compared with similar information from patients in hospital for cholera and shigellosis. patients with enteric fe ...	1983	6636284
effects of nutrient deprivation on vibrio cholerae.	environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae were exposed to nutrient-free artificial seawater and filtered natural seawater microcosms for selected time intervals and examined for changes in cell morphology and number. cells observed by transmission electron and epifluorescence microscopy were found to undergo gross alterations in cell morphology with time of exposure. the vibroid cells decreased in volume by 85% and developed into small coccoid forms surrounded by remnant cell walls. ...	1983	6639037
binding and phagocytosis of sialidase-treated rat erythrocytes by a mechanism independent of opsonins.	rat peritoneal macrophages bind and phagocytoze homologous sialidase-treated erythrocytes at a rate which is dependent on the amount of sialic acid that has been removed from the cells. increased binding of erythrocytes is observed after the removal of 10-20% of membrane sialic acid, while for phagocytosis at least 30-40% of this substance must be removed. with vibrio cholerae sialidase only a partial (80%) hydrolysis of rat erythrocyte sialic acid is possible, whereas arthrobacter ureafaciens s ...	1983	6642429
production of cholera toxin-like toxin by vibrio mimicus and non-o1 vibrio cholerae: batch culture conditions for optimum yields and isolation of hypertoxigenic lincomycin-resistant mutants.	vibrio mimicus 61892, isolated in 1977 from a case of watery diarrhea in bangladesh, produces an enterotoxin which possesses activity in y-1 mouse adrenal cells and in rabbit ileal loops which is identical to the prototype cholera toxin (ct) produced by vibrio cholerae 569b. the neutralization of the adrenal cell activity of 61892 toxin and 569b ct by homologous and heterologous antisera generates parallel titration curves which show complete neutralization in all cases. paired titrations in the ...	1983	6642640
differential complement activation and susceptibility to human serum bactericidal action by vibrio species.	the ability of vibrio vulnificus to resist human serum bactericidal action and to activate human complement was compared with similar cultures of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. both v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus had similar survival rates in sera and were much more resistant to killing than was v. cholerae. in contrast, v. vulnificus activated significantly less serum complement than did v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus. the relative ability of v. vulnificus to survive i ...	1983	6642665
vibrio cholerae expresses iron-regulated outer membrane proteins in vivo.	a comparison was made, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of the outer membrane proteins of four strains of vibrio cholerae grown in vivo in infant rabbits and in vitro in low-iron and iron-supplemented defined media. in vivo-grown v. cholerae expressed novel outer membrane-associated proteins which, in part, were similar to those observed on v. cholerae grown in vitro under conditions of iron deprivation.	1983	6642675
non 0-group 1 vibrio cholerae infection in a desert tortoise (gopherus berlanderi).		1983	6644937
cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development.	nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis have been used to identify the regulatory and coding sequences comprising the cholera toxin operon (ctx). incorporation of defined in vitro-generated ctx deletion mutations into vibrio cholerae by in vivo genetic recombination produced strains which have practical value in cholera vaccine development.	1983	6646234
studies on bacteriocin production by nag-strains of vibrio cholerae as a possible epidemiological marker.	201 "non-agglutinable" - i.e. serogroup o:1-negative - vibrio cholerae strains were tested for bacteriocin production using 14 of the abbott-shannon standard set of colicin-sensitive strains as indicators. 41.2% of the strains proved to be bacteriocin producers. 29 out of 67 (43%) vibriocin-positive strains originating from one large geographical region gave the same reaction pattern with the applied indicator strains. the possible significance of these vibriocins for epidemiological studies is ...	1983	6649979
vibrio cholerae (non-o1) isolated from california coastal waters.	nineteen strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 were isolated from five separate marine sites along the santa cruz county coast. this environmental study was initiated after a human case of non-o1 cholera-like diarrhea was acquired endemically.	1983	6651299
a numerical taxonomic study of species of vibrio isolated from the aquatic environment and birds in kent, england.	a numerical taxonomic study has been carried out to confirm the identity of strains of the family vibrionaceae isolated during an ecological study. a total of 237 strains were studied including 148 from the aquatic environment, 6 from estuarine birds, 1 from sheep faeces, and 61 control cultures. duplicates of 21 of the strains were randomly selected and included to estimate test and operator error. taxonomic resemblance was estimated on the basis of 148 characters using euclidean distance. the ...	1983	6654766
absence of nucleotide sequence homology between genes for vibrio cholerae toxin and vibrio fluvalis.		1983	6655296
phage types of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor isolated from patients and family contacts in bangladesh: epidemiologic implications.	the epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor in rural bangladesh was examined with a new phage-typing system for characterization of individual strains. during a two-year period, 537 strains were typed with a set of standard and experimental phages. four major and many minor patterns were identified, some associated with discrete outbreaks of disease and others persisting for the entire period. one outbreak-related phage type was associated with a c plasmid bearing multiple drug resistance. the ...	1983	6655301
bacterial chemotaxis to effluent from a rum distillery in tropical near-shore coastal waters.	pseudomonas aeruginosa and vibrio cholerae showed a strong positive chemotactic response towards rum distillery wastewaters (mostos) and a high oxygen uptake rate in the presence of this complex substrate. rum slops stimulated only motility in aeromonas hydrophila and escherichia coli. the a. hydrophila and e. coli isolates were unable to oxidize mostos significantly.	1983	6660880
seasonality of classical and el tor cholera in dhaka, bangladesh: 17-year trends.	data on the cholera patients admitted monthly to the icddr, b, hospital in dhaka (bangladesh) from 1964 through 1980 have been studied and analysed. although vibrio cholerae variant el tor did not enter bangladesh until 1963, it has completely displaced classical cholera since 1973. there have also been changes in seasonality, which are discussed.	1983	6665839
antimicrobial properties of some plant extracts against bacteria.	plant extracts obtained from feronia limonia (leaves) xanthium strumarium (flowering twigs) and glossocardia bosvellia (leaves) were tested for their antimicrobial properties against certain bacterial species. feronia leaf extract was ineffective on bacillus pumilus and x. campestris, vibrio cholerae was found quite sensitive to this extract. the extract of x. strumarium showed an abnormality with v. cholerae, where the inhibition exceeded the control with established antibiotics. similarly, g. ...	1983	6667916
[behavior of el tor cholera vibrio in various environments, especially in foodstuffs and live shellfish].		1983	6668347
effect of berberine chloride binding on the structure of cholera phage phi 2 dna.		1983	6671684
immunogenicity of soluble haemagglutinin-lipopolysaccharide complex of classical vibrio cholerae.	soluble haemagglutinin-lipopolysaccharide complexes were found to be good antigens since it elicited high levels of the antibodies in the intestine especially of the iga class. these specific antibodies sustained for a long period of time at the significantly high levels (longer than 6 months). the enteric memory primed by the antigens in the intestinal tract were longer than 3 months. pools of intestinal fluids obtained from mice immunized with single dose of sh-lps at 1 week, 1 month and 3 mon ...	1983	6673133
[diagnosis of vibrio cholerae in the laboratory].	the authors describe a new specific and immunologic process for v. cholerae isolation. specific anti-v. cholerae antibodies (specific igg anti-fraction ch 1 + 2) are sticked on magnetic beads. these beads are added to choleric stool. v. cholerae germs stick on the beads. these particles are drawn out of the mixture with the help of a magnet and laid on a mueller-hinton agar plate. incubation is carried out for 18 hours. one drop of toluen is then added on the beads. wells are sinked in the agar ...	1983	6673858
modulation of antibody responses to vibrio cholerae in mice by adoptive transfer of peyer's patch lymphocytes from orally immunised donors.	peyer's patch lymphocytes from mice orally primed with v. cholerae injected into recipient mice together with v. cholerae led to a considerable suppression of igm antibody-forming cells in the spleen by comparison with control mice receiving the same schedule but with peyer's patch lymphocytes from unprimed mice. the effect on the splenic iga responses of recipients was variable. incomplete separation of the peyer's patch cells showed that both t and b cell enriched fractions were active in this ...	1983	6675649
study of vibrio cholerae non-01 (non agglutinable vibrios).		1983	6677405
use of cholera toxoid in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antitoxin.	a glutaraldehyde-inactivated toxoid was evaluated as a coating antigen in an elisa for cholera antitoxin. a reference panel of 36 human sera with antitoxin levels determined by several other assay systems and 58 sera from an outbreak of illness due to vibrio cholerae were studied. toxoid compared favorably with two purified cholera toxins, and the microtiter assay using all three antigens was effective in detecting antibody in known convalescing cholera patients.	1983	6680095
the curing of alpha-phage by superinfection with vca-1 phage in vibrio cholerae.		1983	6680121
a rapid test for the identification of vibrio cholerae in stools.	a rapid test to identify vibrio cholerae in stools has been developed. the test depends on the ability of the vibrios to multiply in a specially designed medium in the presence of other intestinal bacteria and to agglutinate against specific antisera directly. the culture medium consisted of 2 parts: agar and broth. aseptic condition was not required. a 0.5 ml amount of a diluted stool suspension was added to an equal volume of molten agar in freeze drying glass ampules and left to set whil ...	1983	6680124
effect of different salts on the infectivity of cholera bacteriophage phi 149 for vibrio cholerae 154.		1983	6680125
anionic forms of brain arylsulfatase b: evidence for a phosphorylated form in man and monkey.	arylsulfatase a, b and an anionic form of b were separated by deae-cellulose column chromatography from the brains of man, monkey, rabbit, rat and chicken. the relative proportion of brain arylsulfatases differed from one species to the other. the anionic form of arylsulfatase b was a minor component as compared to arylsulfatase a or b in human and monkey brains while it was a major component in rat and chicken brains. anionic arylsulfatase b was found in fetal human brains and in newborn monkey ...	1983	6680691
induction of a novel morphological response in chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin.	exposing chinese hamster ovary cells in culture to pertussis toxin resulted in a novel clustered growth pattern. the specificity of the response for pertussis toxin was shown by neutralization of the activity with specific anti-toxin antibody, heat lability (80 degrees c for 15 min), and absence of such activity by culture media from nontoxigenic bordetella species. although a lag of at least 16 h was required before clustered growth was seen, exposure to the toxin for as little as 10 min result ...	1983	6682833
procholeragenoid: a safe and effective antigen for oral immunization against experimental cholera.	the immunogenicity and safety of procholeragenoid, a minimally toxic, heat-induced aggregate of cholera toxin (ct), were studied in enterically immunized rats and dogs. although 99% less toxic than ct, procholeragenoid was only slightly less efficient in causing jejunal anti-ct responses in rats; in contrast, choleragenoid, the nontoxic b subunit pentamer of ct, was much less effective. the immunogenicity of procholeragenoid was due almost entirely to its large-molecular-weight components (mw = ...	1983	6602094
separation of rabbit ileum mucus secretion from electrolyte and water secretion by cholera enterotoxin, verapamil and a23187.	net water, na+, cl- and hco3- fluxes were measured in in vivo rabbit ileal loops, while mucus secretion was assessed by measuring the glycoprotein or total sialic acid secreted into the lumen, or by measuring the luminal fluid viscosity. inoculating loops with cholera enterotoxin (ct) produced a sustained secretion of electrolytes and water, but a more transient secretion of mucus. a dose of verapamil was found which, when included in the luminal fluid, inhibited or delayed the ct-induced mucus ...	1983	6402630
[possibilities of immunologic management of brown-pearce carcinoma in rabbits].	the efficacy of the active specific immunotherapy and immune prophylaxis against the brown pearce carcinoma in rabbits was tested. the tumor cells taken as antigens were either untreated or treated with mitomycin c combined or not with vibrio-cholerae-neuraminidase. the immune prophylaxis using tumor cells prepared this way proved to be very effective. in contrast, immunotherapy of rabbits with tumors was not effective, even when immunization was started directly after transplantation. possible ...	1983	6405336
[a case of cholerae infected in japan and environmental investigation for vibrios].		1983	6408198
evidence that a non-o1 vibrio cholerae produces enterotoxin that is similar but not identical to cholera enterotoxin.	cholera-like enterotoxin produced by a non-o1 strain of vibrio cholerae, s7 (s7 enterotoxin), isolated from human diarrheal stool, was purified, and its physicochemical, biological, and immunological properties were compared with those of cholera enterotoxin from v. cholerae o1 569b (ct) and an enterotoxin produced by another non-o1 v. cholerae (e8498 enterotoxin) reported previously (yamamoto et al., infect. immun. 39:1128-1135, 1983). the purified s7 enterotoxin had physicochemical properties ...	1983	6411622
from the national institutes of health. summary of a workshop on the clone concept in the epidemiology, taxonomy, and evolution of the enterobacteriaceae and other bacteria.		1983	6411834
[the pathogenicity of ubol type el tor vibrio].		1983	6413603
the serological properties of the cell surface proteins of vibrio cholerae.	the serological properties of cell surface proteins of vibrio cholerae belonging to both the biotypes (classical and el tor) and the serotypes (ogawa and inaba) were investigated. proteins were isolated by extracting v. cholerae with edta in the presence of sodium chloride. the surface localization of these proteins was confirmed with (a) radioiodinated protein a as an immunoprobe and (b) antiserum absorption studies with whole bacteria. there were similarities among the polypeptides of cell sur ...	1983	6415227
vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin/protease is a metalloenzyme.	a soluble hemagglutinin/protease produced by vibrio cholerae, which has previously been shown to hydrolyze fibronectin and ovomucin and to cleave lactoferrin and the a subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli, appears to be a zinc metalloendopeptidase. both its hemagglutinative and protease functions are inhibited by chelating agents, including zincov, a hydroxamic acid derivative specifically designed to inhibit zinc metalloproteases. thermolysin, a known zinc-containing prote ...	1983	6417020
centenary of discovery of cholera vibrio.		1983	6379057
[responses of e1 tor cholera vibrio to antibiotics in relation to intestinal flora: antibiotic sensitivity and behaviors in mixed culture with resistant e. coli].		1983	6363444
ganglioside localization on myelinated nerve fibres by cholera toxin binding.	gm1 ganglioside has been localized on the surfaces of myelinated, peripheral nerve fibres by using immunofluorescence to detect cholera toxin receptors. unfixed, mouse sciatic nerves were teased into individual, intact fibres in order to expose their extracellular surfaces. cholera toxin binding sites were abundant at all nodes of ranvier; they were scarce on the internodal fibre surfaces. the nodal receptors were resistant to various degradative enzymes, including trypsin and proteinase k. prot ...	1983	6363631
new knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.	this review attempts to synthesize the new knowledge of pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections and relate this information to vaccine development. discussion focuses on human infections and to those in which significant strides have been made. as a general theme in the pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections, pathogens can be characterized into 5 groups on the basis of their degree of ultimate invasiveness after ingestion by a susceptible hose: mucosal adherence and enterotoxin pro ...	1983	6363898
the use of luminous bacteria for determination of phagocytosis.	the existing methods for phagocytosis evaluation are inadequate for assessing all the real events occurring during phagocytosis, or for continuously following the kinetics of the process. our purpose is to establish the use of luminous bacteria as an object for phagocytosis. the bioluminescence test offers an easy and simple method to determine the kinetics of phagocytosis by following the luminescence of the bacteria. the terrestrial luminous bacteria vibrio cholerae var. albensis are readily p ...	1983	6366060
evidence indicating that the cholera toxin structural genes of vibrio cholerae rj1 and 3083-2 are between met and trp.	an enterotoxin a subunit-specific radioactive probe was used to correlate expression of vct-1 or vct-2 with the presence of specific restriction fragments in the dnas of several wild-type and recombinant vibrio cholerae strains. the data are consistent with the conclusion that vct is a cholera toxin structural gene.	1983	6311752
mapping of chromosomal genes that determine the el tor biotype in vibrio cholerae.	the el tor biotype of vibrio cholerae has several characteristics that differentiate it from the classical biotype of v. cholerae. among these are production of soluble hemolysin(s), a cell-associated hemagglutinin for chicken erythrocytes, resistance to polymyxin b, and resistance to bacteriophages of mukerjee group iv. in the present study, we located the determinants for hemolysin (hly), chicken erythrocyte hemagglutinin (cha), and polymyxin b resistance (pmx) on the genetic map of v. cholera ...	1983	6315594
sialomucin in paget cells of extramammary paget's disease.	the cytoplasmic sialomucin in paget cells of extramammary paget's disease was examined by means of a battery of histochemical techniques. the staining methods used involved an electrolyte--alcian blue (ph 5.8), periodic acid--schiff and azure a at selected ph levels. methylation, saponification, borohydride reduction, acid hydrolysis, and digestion with diastase, neuraminidase (vibrio cholerae) or chondroitinase abc, were also employed. the cytoplasmic mucin was found to exhibit positive reactio ...	1983	6315643
nucleotide sequence analysis of the a2 and b subunits of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.	we have determined the sequence of the dna encoding the a2 (gamma) and b subunits of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. the order of the subunits as they would be transcribed is a2-b and the termination codon of the a2 subunit overlaps the initiation codon of the b subunit by four bases. sequence analysis revealed a region capable of coding for a 21-amino acid leader peptide located at the nh2 terminus of the b subunit. while the nucleotide sequence homology between the cholera enterotoxin subunits an ...	1983	6315707
[the camp system and bacterial toxins].	the effects of cytotoxic proteinaceous bacterial toxins on the adenylate cyclase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) system of host cells are reviewed. bacterial exotoxins affecting intracellular camp levels of host cells can be classified into two subgroups: (1) adenosine diphosphate (adp)-ribosyl-transferases and, (2) invasive adenylate cyclases. among the adp-ribosylating toxins are the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, of escherichia coli and one of the pertussis toxins termed "islet-activa ...	1983	6317939
experimental heat-inactivated cholera vaccine for intradermal use.		1983	6336507
[dissimilation of glucose by strains of the l-form of cholera vibrio].		1983	6336572
ecological relationships between vibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods.	strains of vibrio cholerae, both o1 and non-o1 serovars, were found to attach to the surfaces of live copepods maintained in natural water samples collected from the chesapeake bay and bangladesh environs. the specificity of attachment of v. cholerae to live copepods was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the oral region and egg sac were the most heavily colonized areas of the copepods. in addition, survival of v. cholerae in water was extended in the presence of live ...	1983	6337551
cholera and the immune response.		1983	6338509
survival and implantation of escherichia coli in the intestinal tract.	preliminary experiments established that a 0.5-ml inoculum that is introduced directly into the stomach of mice was cleared rapidly into the small intestine. bicarbonate buffer, but not skim milk, protected such an inoculum from stomach acid until at least 90% of it had entered the small intestine. passage and survival of various escherichia coli strains through the mouse gut were tested by introducing a buffered bacterial inoculum directly into the stomach, together with the following two intes ...	1983	6339389
serologic differentiation between antitoxin responses to infection with vibrio cholerae and enterotoxin-producing escherichia coli.	a ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to study and attempt to differentiate between antitoxin responses in persons infected with either vibrio cholerae or escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin. in most cases (69%-94%), experimentally infected north americans and naturally infected bangladeshis responded to either infection with significant (greater than twofold) increases in serum antibody titer to both heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin. in all but ...	1983	6339647
inhibition of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk.	inhibitory activity of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae was associated with the ganglioside fraction of human milk. both the milk fat and skim milk contained gangliosides that inhibited the toxins. the most purified milk fraction contained three glycolipid components, of which two migrated close to ganglioside gm1 on thin-layer chromatography plates. a component with a slightly different mobility from gm1 appeared to be associated with the inhibitory activity. milk gangliosi ...	1983	6341242
vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/lectin/protease hydrolyzes fibronectin and ovomucin: f.m. burnet revisited.	cholera vibrios produce a single polymeric protein that (i) causes hemagglutination; (ii) appears to participate in their attachment to gut epithelium; (iii) may mediate their detachment from gut epithelium; and (iv) is a protease that hydrolyzes fibronectin and mucin, cleaves lactoferrin, and nicks the a subunit of the choleragen-related heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli.	1983	6341990
[vibrio eltor strain, serotype ogawa, the producer of cholera enterotoxin].	v. eltor strain 1310, serotype ogawa, an original strain capable of producing cholera enterotoxin (exotoxin) in synthetic culture media, has been obtained. the exotoxin produced by this strain can be obtained in large amounts and used as cholerigenic toxoid for immunization against cholera.	1983	6342310
[use of the toxin-tissue receptor reaction for detecting toxic substances of the causative agents of acute intestinal diseases].	the possibility of using erythrocytic ganglioside diagnostic reagents (egdr) for the detection of v. cholerae, e. coli and s. typhimurium enterotoxins in the passive hemagglutination (pha) test has been shown. museum strains and cultures isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases were tested for the presence of enterotoxins. cell-free extracts were studied by biological methods and by serological titration in the pha test with the use of egdr. the diagnostic reagent was found to inter ...	1983	6342315
purification of vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen and antibody quantitations.	soluble hemagglutinin (ha) from an el tor vibrio cholerae strain (serotype ogawa) was purified by means of a sequence of salt precipitation, gel filtration, and agarose electrophoresis. the purified material, which gave a single precipitation line in immunodiffusion tests with homologous antiserum, showed immunological identity reactions in double diffusion-in-gel with soluble ha produced by various classical and el tor strains of different serotypes. purified ha was used for development of an e ...	1983	6345393
local pattern of acute enteric bacterial infections in man--lagos, nigeria.	stool specimen from 994 patients with acute diarrhoeal diseases were processed for bacterial agents known to be responsible for acute diarrhoea. these were from patients seen at the lagos university teaching hospital over a 9 month period. the pattern that emerged showed shigella isolates made up by 36 flexneri; 29 boydii, 21 dysenteriae and 4 sonnei; salmonella isolates were typhi 3, typhimurium 12, enteritidis 3, oranienburg 9, others 8; yersinia enterocolitica 14; campylobacter species 20; en ...	1983	6347763
dna damage, prophage induction and mutation by furazolidone.	ultraviolet absorption data and thermal chromatography through hydroxyapatite (hap) column revealed that furazolidone treatment of vibrio cholerae cells produced more than 80% of dna reversibly bihelical due to the formation of interstrand cross-links and the reaction obeyed a first order relation. sensitivities of the escherichia coli strains to the lethal action of the drug were in the order: ab 2480(uvr- rec-) greater than ab 2463(rec-) greater than ab 1886(uvr-) greater than ab 1157(repair p ...	1983	6349840
flies as a source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in thailand.	the village of ban pong in northeastern thailand was studied from january through december 1981 to determine the importance of flies as a source of enteric pathogens. the number of flies (predominantly musca domestica) increased in kitchens and animal pens in the hot dry spring, when the incidence of diarrhea was highest in the village. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, shigella spp., non-o1 vibrio cholerae, and vibrio fluvalis were isolated from fly pools in yards (69%), animal pens (38%), bath ...	1983	6351748
a rapid and sensitive assay for neuraminidase using peanut lectin hemagglutination: application to vibrio cholera and trypanosoma cruzi.	a neuraminidase assay based on peanut lectin agglutination is described. human red blood cells are used both as substrate for the enzyme and as probe for the lectin. the validity of the method is ascertained by measuring the enzyme and lectin activities on erythrocytes whose outer membrane sialic acid was labeled with tritium after oxidation with sodium periodate followed by reduction with sodium borotritiide. the neuraminidases of trypanosoma cruzi and vibrio cholera are used as examples; in bo ...	1983	6352815
differences in bindings to the gm1 receptor by heat-labile enterotoxin of human and porcine escherichia coli strains.	heat-labile enterotoxin producing strains of escherichia coli were isolated from diarrheal faeces of humans and from the jejunum of pigs which had died of diarrhea. the heat-labile enterotoxin was assayed by three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). the first assay was based upon immunological cross-reactions between the heat-labile enterotoxins of e coli and vibrio cholerae, the second on specific e coli heat-labile enterotoxin antibodies and the third on affinity of the toxin ...	1983	6353279
a hypothesis accounting for the origin of pandemic cholera: a retrograde analysis.		1983	6353349
[model uf-2 mutant of staphylococcus aureus 209 p for titrating vibrio cholera enterotoxin].	the identical character of the action of crude v. cholerae enterotoxin on the anaerobic dehydrogenases of the uv-2 mutant of s. aureus 209 p and the surviving culture of ehrlich's carcinoma has been revealed. the range of this action is linked with the concentration of the toxin and varies from the stimulation of cell dehydrogenases to their complete suppression. the rapid method for the titration of the enterotoxin in the dehydrogenase suppression test with the use of the bacterial model is pro ...	1983	6353817
[modification of a method of passive immune hemolysis on a solid medium for detecting the production of thermolabile enterotoxins by vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli strains].	a modification of the passive immune hemolysis method for the determination of the production of thermolabile enterotoxins by v. cholerae and e. coli is proposed. this modification permits the use of solid culture media. experiments with cholera enterotoxin have demonstrated that the sensitivity of the modified method is 8-10 times higher than that of the elek method. similar results have been obtained with the use of the proposed method in the study of the capacity of different v. cholerae and ...	1983	6353819
immobilized drugs and enzymes in biochemical pharmacology. perspectives and critique.		1983	6354191
application of scanning electron microscopy to the study of microorganisms in gastrointestinal pathobiology.	this review describes the application of sem to the study of microorganisms in gastrointestinal (gi) pathobiology. sem has proven to be a highly useful tool with a variety of applications in the biological and medical sciences. examples in this paper are focused on the use of secondary electron imaging to study selected bacterial (cholera), fungal (candidosis), and protozoan (giardiasis) diseases in the gi tract of murine (mouse and rat) experimental models. the successful application of sem to ...	1983	6356331
[modern epidemiologic and pathogenetic findings illustrated by the example of cholera].	in 1883 robert koch isolated and characterized vibrio comma as the etiological agent of cholera thereby creating a breakthrough in cholera research. pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diarrheal diseases caused by v. cholerae and enterotoxigenic e. coli are cleared up by the production of enterotoxins and colonizing factors of microorganisms. plasmids code for antibiotic resistance, distinct enterotoxins, colonization and other virulence factors. sero-, bio-, phage-, colicino- and plasmid typing ...	1983	6356653
[chemotaxis of cholera vibrios: a study method and the relation to different substances].	the chemotaxis of v. cholerae in response to 56 different substances (amino acids, carbohydrates, salts, etc.) has been studied by the methods of visual observation and quantitative determination. attractants, neutral substances and one repellent have been revealed. adler's method (1973) has been modified with regard to the requirements for the working procedures in handling the causative agents of highly dangerous infections.	1983	6356725
enterotoxin production by vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus grown in continuous culture with microbial cell recycle.	we have examined the effect of complete cell recycle on the production of cholera toxin (ct) by vibrio cholerae and ct-like toxin by vibrio mimicus in continuous culture fermentations. complete cell recycle was obtained by filtering culture fluids through amicon hollow fibers with an exclusion limit of 100,000 daltons (h1p100-20) and returning the concentrated cell slurry to the fermentor. a single 1-liter laboratory fermentor system modified with this recycle loop was capable of producing over ...	1983	6357081
the use of gene-specific dna probes for the identification of enteric pathogens.	gene-specific dna probes can be used to identify enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejunii by dna hybridization. in addition, the dna probes can be exploited to provide potentially important information concerning the epidemiology of enteric infections.	1983	6361855
cytotonic enterotoxins and cytotoxic factors produced by salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium.	strains of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium isolated from human diarrheal cases produced heat-labile enterotoxin(s) and cytotoxic factor(s) which elongated, lysed or deformed chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture. the toxin(s) caused fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit gut loops and produced increased skin permeability. salmonella toxin produced by these strains does not cross-react immunologically with high titer vibrio cholerae toxin antisera or heat-labile escherichi ...	1983	6362074
immune elimination of aging platelets by autologous monocytes: role of membrane-specific autoantibody.	membrane-bound igg was found only on old populations of platelets from normal individuals. this igg could be dissociated from senescent cells by repeatedly heating the cells. heat-eluted igg (he-igg) prepared from senescent red blood cells was capable of binding to either heat-treated old platelets or vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn)-treated young platelets, suggesting expression of a common age-dependent antigen on the senescent red blood cells and old platelets. we analyzed the role of memb ...	1983	6363100
immunochemical analysis of the determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mbr1) which specifically binds to human mammary epithelial cells.	a monoclonal antibody (mbr1) raised against a membrane preparation (cm) of a human breast cancer line (mcf-7) and characterized as mammary gland epithelium associated (s. mènard, e. tagliabue, s. canevari, g. fossati, and m. i. colnaghi. generation of monoclonal antibodies reacting with normal and cancer cells of human breast. cancer res., 43:1295-1300, 1983), was used to biochemically define and partially purify its target antigen. the antigenic activity recognized by mbr1 was unaffected by tre ...	1983	6186373
purification and some properties of a non-o1 vibrio cholerae enterotoxin that is identical to cholera enterotoxin.	cholera-like enterotoxin was isolated and purified from the culture supernatant of a non-o1 strain of vibrio cholerae, e8498, isolated from the environment. enterotoxin was purified by aluminum hydroxide absorption and elution and successive gel filtrations on sephadex g-100, bio-gel a-5m, and sephadex g-75. purified enterotoxin gave a single stained band on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, and the mobility was the same as that of cholera enterotoxin. the specific biological activity of ...	1983	6188694
receptor-like glycocompounds in human milk that inhibit classical and el tor vibrio cholerae cell adherence (hemagglutination).	the two biotypes of vibrio cholerae were found to have cell-associated hemagglutinins which differ with regard to binding to different species of erythrocytes and inhibition by monosaccharides. a total of 12 classical v. cholerae strains (inaba or ogawa) strongly agglutinated human erythrocytes in a reaction specifically inhibited by l-fucose, whereas 12 el tor strains preferably agglutinated chicken erythrocytes, a reaction reversed by d-mannose or by higher concentrations of d-fructose, d-gluc ...	1983	6295953
automatic and manual latex agglutination tests for measurement of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli.	automated and manual latex agglutination methods were employed to measure cholera toxin (ct), heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of escherichia coli, and their subunits a and b. dow polystyrene latex particles (diameter, 0.22 microns) and polystyrene-chlorostyrene latex particles (diameter, 1 micron) were sensitized by rabbit-specific immunoglobulin for each antigen and used as the reagents of the automated and manual agglutination tests, respectively. automated agglutination was performed by a nephel ...	1983	6298275
direct assay of bound sialic acids on rat spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis.	bound sialic acids on rat spermatozoa were assayed by oxidation with 1 mm-naio4 at 0 degree c, liberating c-9 as formaldehyde which was further quantitated using 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone. the mean +/- s.d. (n = 20) content of bound sialic acids of spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis was 50.9 +/- 8.0 and 25.2 +/- 3.8 nmol/10(8) spermatozoa respectively. about 85% of the former and 75% of the latter could be extracted by 1% triton x-100 and 2 mm-dithiothreitol. about 70% of the f ...	1983	6300382
the specificity of viral and bacterial sialidases for alpha(2-3)- and alpha(2-6)-linked sialic acids in glycoproteins.	the anomeric specificity of six sialidases (vibrio cholerae, arthrobacter ureafaciens, clostridium perfringens, newcastle disease virus, fowl plague virus and influenza a2 virus sialidases) was assessed with sialylated antifreeze glycoprotein, ovine submandibular gland glycoprotein and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, resialylated specifically in alpha(2-3) or alpha(2-6) linkage with n-acetylneuraminic acid or n-glycolylneuraminic acid using highly purified sialyltransferases. the rate of release of s ...	1983	6301560
action of alpha-galactosidase from clostridium sporogenes and coffee beans on blood group b antigen of erythrocytes. the effect on the viability of erythrocytes in circulation.	the effect of alpha-galactosidase, purified from clostridium sporogenes (maebashi), was examined on erythrocytes from rats, rabbits and gibbons. the amount of galactose released by alpha-galactosidase from cl. sporogenes and from coffee beans was compared. the amount of sialic acid released by vibrio cholera sialidase was also determined. loss of blood group b specificity following treatment with alpha-galactosidase was demonstrated with anti-b lectin. in animal models, removal of all the alpha- ...	1983	6304953
aetiological studies on hospital in-patients with acute diarrhoea in calcutta.	bacterial enteropathogens and rotavirus were sought in 356 cases with acute diarrhoea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta. one or more pathogens were isolated from 74.7% of the cases. single enteropathogens could be detected from 66% and multiple enteropathogens from 8.7% of the patients. vibrio cholerae biotype el tor, rotavirus, v. parahaemolyticus, and enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were the major pathogens detected. rotavirus was detected from 7.6% o ...	1983	6306873
value of stool examination in patients with diarrhoea.	findings of stool examinations in 1593 patients with diarrhoea due to a single enteric pathogen--enterotoxigenic escherichia coli rotavirus, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholerae 0:1, entamoeba histolytica, or giardia lamblia--were reviewed to determine how well they predicted the agent associated with the diarrhoea. specimens were examined visually for blood and mucus, tested for ph, and examined under a microscope for the presence of red and white blood cells, parasites, and stool fa ...	1983	6307460
[sporadic case or the onset of a new cholera epidemic].		1983	6307536
the expression of biologically active cholera toxin in escherichia coli.	chromosomal dna from vibrio cholerae e1 tor strain 1621 was digested with hind iii and the fragments obtained fractionated by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient. a 15kb fragment which contained the toxin gene of v. cholerae was identified by its homology with the heat labile toxin (lt) gene of toxigenic e. coli. this fragment was cloned in e. coli using pat153 and subsequently characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion. sequences homologous to the lt gene were identified by hybri ...	1983	6307786
pathophysiologic features of swine dysentery: cyclic nucleotide-independent production of diarrhea.	net electrolyte and water transport and unidirectional na+ fluxes were examined in ligated colonic loops of clinically normal pigs and in pigs with swine dysentery (etiologic agent treponema hyodysenteriae) in the presence or absence of theophylline. in normal pigs, theophylline abolished net na+ absorption via a reduction in the lumen-to-blood flux, decreased cl- absorption, and increased hco3- accumulation in the lumen. in infected pigs, all net ion transport was abolished, with the addition o ...	1983	6309041
in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (mk-0366, am-715) and other agents against gastrointestinal tract pathogens.	a comparison was made of the in vitro activities of norfloxacin and of nine other orally administered antibacterial agents against 180 clinical isolates representing the bacterial species most frequently implicated in infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations showed norfloxacin to be 4, 15, 4, 17, 17, 17, and 33 times more active than the next best compound tested against campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shi ...	1983	6219622
[oral rehydration therapy].		1983	6221741
[effect of the culture medium on the morphology of vibrio cholerae non-01].		1983	6225539
etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhea in children in an urban community in burma.		1983	6226849
studies on the partial structure of the o-antigen of vibrio cholera ogawa g-2102.	detailed information was obtained regarding the partial structure of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), containing glucose, glucuronic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucose, l-glycero-d-gluco-heptose, and small proportions of l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, mannose, and galactose, isolated from vibrio cholera ogawa g-2102. structures of three oligosaccharides were determined. results of deamination experiments established the sequence of the linkages between the amino sugar and heptose residues in the o-antigenic ...	1983	6200223
immunological differences among the cholera/coli family of enterotoxins.	pure enterotoxins from two strains of vibrio cholerae and choleragen-related heat-labile enterotoxins (lts) from strains of escherichia coli of human and porcine origin were examined by ouchterlony-type immunodiffusion assays and by neutralization tests in y-1 adrenal cells using specific and immunopurified antisera. in accordance with previous findings, the results indicated that each of the toxins shared antigens with each of the others and that each, in addition, possessed unique antigenic de ...	1983	6201315
serological studies on vibrio fluvialis.	the serology of 138 strains of vibrio fluvialis was studied. eighteen o-antigenic groups were defined among them and it was shown that the h antigens of all the strains were identical regardless of the biovar. the presence of mucoid antigen, which inhibits o agglutination, was found in some strains. as all o antisera for v. fluvialis contained some r antibody, all diagnostic o sera must be absorbed with r organisms before use. some o antigens of v. fluvialis were identical with those of certain ...	1983	6202906
biological activities of enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae non-01.	the specific antiserum 54(2) prepared in rabbits by combined intraperitoneal and intravenous immunization with the enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae non-01 was found to neutralize the enterotoxin biologic activity expressed by rabbit skin vascular permeability and hemorrhage factors. the inhibition of biologic activity was also observed when using antiserum to choleragen, but choleragen could not be neutralized by specific serum 54(2). the enterotoxin was also inactivated when heated at 100 degre ...	1983	6193168