Publications

the kip3-like kinesin kipb moves along microtubules and determines spindle position during synchronized mitoses in aspergillus nidulans hyphae.	kinesins are motor proteins which are classified into 11 different families. we identified 11 kinesin-like proteins in the genome of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. relatedness analyses based on the motor domains grouped them into nine families. in this paper, we characterize kipb as a member of the kip3 family of microtubule depolymerases. the closest homologues of kipb are saccharomyces cerevisiae kip3 and schizosaccharomyces pombe klp5 and klp6, but sequence similarities outside ...	2004	15189985
candida albicans rim13p, a protease required for rim101p processing at acidic and alkaline phs.	candida albicans is an important commensal of mucosal surfaces that is also an opportunistic pathogen. this organism colonizes a wide range of host sites that differ in ph; thus, it must respond appropriately to this environmental stress to survive. the ability to respond to neutral-to-alkaline phs is governed in part by the rim101 signal transduction pathway. here we describe the analysis of c. albicans rim13p, a homolog of the rim13p/palb calpain-like protease member of the rim101/pacc pathway ...	2004	15189995
successful elimination of an invasive aspergillus nidulans lung infection by voriconazole after failure of a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin b in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease.	chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited defect in host defense mechanisms mainly affecting neutrophil function. pulmonary infection with aspergillus nidulans in a child with chronic granulomatous disease could not be eliminated by a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin b. voriconazole was successful in clearing the infection.	2004	15194848
a nudel-dependent mechanism of neurofilament assembly regulates the integrity of cns neurons.	the cytoskeleton controls the architecture and survival of central nervous system (cns) neurons by maintaining the stability of axons and dendrites. although neurofilaments (nfs) constitute the main cytoskeletal network in these structures, the mechanism that underlies subunit incorporation into filaments remains a mystery. here we report that nudel, a mammalian homologue of the aspergillus nidulans nuclear distribution molecule nude, is important for nf assembly, transport and neuronal integrit ...	2004	15208636
regulators of g-protein signalling in aspergillus nidulans: rgsa downregulates stress response and stimulates asexual sporulation through attenuation of ganb (galpha) signalling.	regulators of g-protein signalling play a crucial role in controlling the degree of heterotrimeric g-protein signalling. in addition to the previously studied flba, we have identified three genes (rgsa, rgsb and rgsc) encoding putative rgs proteins in the genome of aspergillus nidulans. characterization of the rgsa gene revealed that rgsa downregulates pigment production and conidial germination, but stimulates asexual sporulation (conidiation). deletion of rgsa (deltargsa) resulted in reduced c ...	2004	15228532
tangled nudels?		2004	15232582
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.	agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (agro-transformation) was successfully applied to the entomogenous fungus beauveria bassiana. conidia of b. bassiana were transformed to hygromycin b resistance using the hph gene of escherichia coli as the selective trait, under the control of a heterologous fungal promoter and the aspergillus nidulans trpc terminator. the efficiency of transformation was up to 28 and 96 transformants per 10(4) and 10(5) target conidia, respectively, using three ...	2004	15234517
airborne fungi in industrial environments--potential agents of respiratory diseases.	investigations on airborne fungi in a poultry house, a swinery, a feed preparing and storing house, a grain mill, a wooden panel producing factory, and organic waste recycling facilities have been carried out in lithuania. low concentrations of fungal spores were detected in the wooden panel producing factory, the swinery, the feed preparing and storing house, and the poultry house; moderate concentrations were found in the organic waste recycling facilities; high concentrations were revealed at ...	2004	15236494
ph control of the production of recombinant glucose oxidase in aspergillus nidulans.	recombinant aspergillus nidulans sval040, capable of synthesizing and secreting glucose oxidase derived from aspergillus niger was used to study the influence of ph and carbon source on enzyme production.	2004	15239699
the pho80-like cyclin of aspergillus nidulans regulates development independently of its role in phosphate acquisition.	in saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphate acquisition enzymes are regulated by a cyclin-dependent kinase (pho85), a cyclin (pho80), the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor pho81, and the helix-loop-helix transcription factor pho4 (the pho system). previous studies in aspergillus nidulans indicate that a pho85-like kinase, phoa, does not regulate the classic pho system but regulates development in a phosphate-dependent manner. a pho80-like cyclin has now been isolated through its interaction with phoa ...	2004	15247298
a role for cred, a carbon catabolite repression gene from aspergillus nidulans, in ubiquitination.	in aspergillus nidulans, it is known that creb encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that forms a complex with the wd40 motif containing protein encoded by crec, that mutations in these genes lead to altered carbon source utilization and that the cred34 mutation suppresses the phenotypic effects of mutations in crec and creb. therefore, cred was characterized in order to dissect the regulatory network that involves the creb-crec deubiquitination complex. cred contains arrestin domains and py motifs ...	2004	15255903
physiological and morphological changes in autolyzing aspergillus nidulans cultures.	physiological and morphological changes in carbon-limited autolyzing cultures of aspergillus nidulans were described. the carbon starvation arrested conidiation while the formation of filamentous and "yeast-like" hyphal fragments with profoundly altered metabolism enabled the fungus to survive the nutritional stress. the morphological and physiological stress responses, which maintained the cellular integrity of surviving hyphal fragments at the expense of autolyzing cells, were highly concerted ...	2004	15259768
on the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate.	propionate is used to protect bread and animal feed from moulds. the mode of action of this short-chain fatty acid was studied using aspergillus nidulans as a model organism. the filamentous fungus is able to grow slowly on propionate, which is oxidized to acetyl-coa via propionyl-coa, methylcitrate and pyruvate. propionate inhibits growth of a. nidulans on glucose but not on acetate; the latter was shown to inhibit propionate oxidation. when grown on glucose a methylcitrate synthase deletion mu ...	2004	15265042
the ganb galpha-protein negatively regulates asexual sporulation and plays a positive role in conidial germination in aspergillus nidulans.	we isolated the ganb gene encoding the galpha-protein homolog from aspergillus nidulans. to investigate the cellular function of ganb, various mutant strains were isolated. deletion of constitutively inactive ganb mutants showed conidiation and derepressed brla expression in a submerged culture. constitutive activation of ganb caused a reduction in hyphal growth and a severe defect in asexual sporulation. we therefore propose that ganb may negatively regulate asexual sporulation through the brla ...	2004	15280244
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase homologue of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	a cdna encoding the n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag) protein of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, pb nag1, was cloned and characterized. the 2663-nucleotide sequence of the cdna consisted of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 64.73 kda and an isoeletric point of 6.35. the predicted protein includes a putative 30-amino-acid signal peptide. the protein as a whole shares considerable sequence similarity with 'classic' nag. the primary sequence of pb ...	2004	15283239
vea is required for toxin and sclerotial production in aspergillus parasiticus.	it was long been noted that secondary metabolism is associated with fungal development. in aspergillus nidulans, conidiation and mycotoxin production are linked by a g protein signaling pathway. also in a. nidulans, cleistothecial development and mycotoxin production are controlled by a gene called vea. here we report the characterization of a vea ortholog in the aflatoxin-producing fungus a. parasiticus. cleistothecia are not produced by aspergillus parasiticus; instead, this fungus produces sp ...	2004	15294809
rapid differentiation of aspergillus species from other medically important opportunistic molds and yeasts by pcr-enzyme immunoassay.	we developed a pcr-based assay to differentiate medically important species of aspergillus from one another and from other opportunistic molds and yeasts by employing universal, fungus-specific primers and dna probes in an enzyme immunoassay format (pcr-eia). oligonucleotide probes, directed to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of ribosomal dna from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus ustus, and aspergillus v ...	2004	15297489
the metarhizium anisopliae trp1 gene: cloning and regulatory analysis.	the trp1 gene from the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, cloned by heterologous hybridization with the plasmid carrying the trpc gene from aspergillus nidulans, was sequence characterized. the predicted translation product has the conserved catalytic domains of glutamine amidotransferase (g domain), indoleglycerolphosphate synthase (c domain), and phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase (f domain) organized as nh2-g-c-f-cooh. the orf is interrupted by a single intron of 60 nt that is ...	2004	15297933
effect of ph on the stability of pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase during heterologous production in emericella nidulans.	complementary dna (cdna) encoding the new versatile peroxidase from the ligninolytic basidiomycete pleurotus eryngii has been expressed in the ascomycete emericella nidulans. in recombinant e. nidulans cultures, the ph reached values as high as 8.3, correlating with a sharp decrease in peroxidase activity. peroxidase was rapidly inactivated at alkaline ph, but was comparatively stable at acidic ph. the peroxidase inactivation in alkaline buffer could be reversed by adding ca(2+) and lowering the ...	2004	15300480
chpa, a cysteine- and histidine-rich-domain-containing protein, contributes to maintenance of the diploid state in aspergillus nidulans.	the alternation of eukaryotic life cycles between haploid and diploid phases is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity. in some organisms, the growth and development of haploid and diploid phases are nearly identical, and one might suppose that all genes required for one phase are likely to be critical for the other phase. here, we show that targeted disruption of the chpa (cysteine- and histidine-rich-domain- [chord]-containing protein a) gene in haploid aspergillus nidulans strains gives ri ...	2004	15302831
prp8 intein in fungal pathogens: target for potential antifungal drugs.	inteins are self-splicing intervening sequences in proteins, and inteins of pathogenic organisms can be attractive drug targets. here, we report an intein in important fungal pathogens including aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, histoplasma capsulatum, and different serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans. this intein is inside the extremely conserved and functionally essential prp8 protein, and it varies in size from 170 aa in c. neoformans to 819 aa in a. fumigatus, which is caused by ...	2004	15304322
effect of vitamin e on autolysis and sporulation of aspergillus nidulans.	the morphologic and physiologic effects of vitamin e, a powerful antioxidant, on the autolysis and sporulation of aspergillus nidulans fgsc26 were studied. in carbon-depleted submerged cultures, reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulated in the cells and, concomitantly, progressing autolysis was observed, which was characterized by decreasing dry cell masses and pellet diameters as well as by increasing extracellular chitinase activities. vitamin e supplemented at a concentration of 1 g/l hindere ...	2004	15304761
influence of fadag203r and deltaflba mutations on morphology and physiology of submerged aspergillus nidulans cultures.	morphologic and physiologic changes taking place in carbon-limited submerged cultures of aspergillus nidulans deltaflba and fadag203r strains were studied. loss-of-function mutation of the flba gene resulted in an altered germination with unusually thick germination tubes, "fluffy" pellet morphology, as well as a reduced fragmentation rate of hyphae during autolysis. in the fadag203r mutant strain, conidiophores formed in the stationary phase of growth, and the size of pellets shrank considerabl ...	2004	15304762
histone methyltransferases in aspergillus nidulans: evidence for a novel enzyme with a unique substrate specificity.	we have studied enzymes involved in histone arginine methylation in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. three distinct protein arginine methyltransferases (prmts) could be identified, which all exhibit intrinsic histone methyltransferase activity when expressed as glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins. two of these proteins, termed rmta (arginine methyltransferase a) and rmtc, reveal significant sequence homology to the well-characterized human proteins prmt1 and prmt5, respec ...	2004	15311944
an appropriate increase in the transcription of aspergillus nidulans uvsc improved gene targeting efficiency.	gene targeting to knock out the activity of specific genes has become important due to recent progress in genomics research. but this technique is still unavailable for many organisms, including economically important microorganisms, due to the high background of ectopic integration during genetic transformation. strategies to improve targeting efficiency have included manipulating the expression of genes that are involved in homologous recombination. in this study, transcription of aspergillus ...	2004	15322347
unprecedented mechanism of chain length determination in fungal aromatic polyketide synthases.	fungal aromatic polyketides show remarkable structural diversity fundamentally derived from variations in chain length and cyclization pattern. their basic skeletons are synthesized by multifunctional iterative type i polyketide synthases (pkss). recently, we have found that the c-terminal thioesterase (te)-like domain of aspergillus nidulans wa catalyzes claisen-type cyclization to form the b-ring of naphthopyrone ywa1. here we report the unprecedented mechanism of chain length determination by ...	2004	15324811
a single subunit of a heterotrimeric ccaat-binding complex carries a nuclear localization signal: piggy back transport of the pre-assembled complex to the nucleus.	an unresolved question concerns the nuclear localization of the heterotrimeric ccaat-binding complex, which is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic organisms including fungi, plants and mammals. all three subunits are necessary for dna binding. in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans the corresponding complex was designated ancf (a.nidulans ccaat-binding factor). ancf consists of the hapb, hapc and hape subunits. here, by using various green fluorescent protein constructs, a nuclear loc ...	2004	15327951
identification and characterization of a novel delta12-fatty acid desaturase gene from rhizopus arrhizus.	based on the sequence information of delta12-fatty acid desaturase genes (from mucor circinelloides, mortierella alpina, mucor rouxii and aspergillus nidulans), which were involved in the conversion from c18:1 to c18:2, a cdna sequence putatively encoding a delta12-fatty acid desaturase was isolated from rhizopus arrhizus using the combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) methods. sequence analysis indicated that it had a ...	2004	15327973
terbinafine resistance mediated by salicylate 1-monooxygenase in aspergillus nidulans.	resistance to antifungal agents is a recurring and growing problem among patients with systemic fungal infections. uv-induced aspergillus nidulans mutants resistant to terbinafine have been identified, and we report here the characterization of one such gene. a sib-selected, 6.6-kb genomic dna fragment encodes a salicylate 1-monooxygenase (sala), and a fatty acid synthase subunit (fasc) confers terbinafine resistance upon transformation of a sensitive strain. subfragments carrying sala but not f ...	2004	15328121
the gpra and gprb genes encode putative g protein-coupled receptors required for self-fertilization in aspergillus nidulans.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans possesses both asexual and sexual reproductive cycles. sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) can be formed in both homothallic (self) and heterothallic (outcross) conditions. in this study, we characterized two genes, gpra and gprb, that are predicted to encode putative g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) similar to fungal pheromone receptors. deletion (delta) of gpra or gprb resulted in the production of a few small cleistothecia carrying a reduced n ...	2004	15341643
the aspergillus nidulans npka gene encodes a cdc2-related kinase that genetically interacts with the uvsbatr kinase.	the dna damage response is a protective mechanism that ensures the maintenance of genomic integrity. we have used aspergillus nidulans as a model system to characterize the dna damage response caused by the antitopoisomerase i drug, camptothecin. we report the molecular characterization of a p34cdc2-related gene, npka, from a. nidulans. the npka gene is transcriptionally induced by camptothecin and other dna-damaging agents, and its induction in the presence of camptothecin is dependent on the u ...	2004	15342504
characterization of the aspergillus parasiticus delta12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the aspergillus-seed interaction.	in the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. to dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an a. parasiticus delta(12)-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus i ...	2004	15347747
the role of thiol species in the hypertolerance of aspergillus sp. p37 to arsenic.	aspergillus sp. p37 is an arsenate-hypertolerant fungus isolated from a river in spain with a long history of contamination with metals. this strain is able to grow in the presence of 0.2 m arsenate, i.e. 20-fold higher than the reference strain, aspergillus nidulans ts1. although aspergillus sp. p37 reduces as(v) to as(iii), which is slowly pumped out of the cell, the measured efflux of oxyanions is insufficient to explain the high tolerance levels of this strain. to gain an insight into this p ...	2004	15364940
efficient gene disruption in the koji-mold aspergillus sojae using a novel variation of the positive-negative method.	when no phenotypic screen is available, gene disruption in the koji-mold aspergillus sojae is a time-consuming process, owing to the low frequency of homologous recombination. to achieve efficient gene disruption in the koji-mold, we developed a novel positive-negative selection method to enrich for homologous recombinants. the pyrg gene from a. sojae was used as a positive selection marker for transformants, and the olic31 gene of a. nidulans, which codes for a mutant form of subunit 9 of the f ...	2004	15375695
functional analysis of the homoserine o-acetyltransferase gene and its identification as a selectable marker in gibberella zeae.	we used restriction enzyme-mediated integration (remi) to identify a methionine auxotrophic mutant of gibberella zeae, an important cereal pathogen. in addition to its methionine requirement, the g. zeae remi mutant designated z43r3912 showed pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced virulence on host plants and lack of sexual development. outcrossing of z43r3912 with a mat1-1 deletion strain confirmed that the mutation of z43r3912 was tagged with the hygromycin b resistance marker. the vector i ...	2004	15378266
inhibitors of types i and ii dehydroquinase.	inhibitors of varying potency have been developed for types i and ii 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (dehydroquinase), enzymes from the shikimate and quinate pathways that catalyse the dehydration of dehydroquinate to dehydroshikimate. these inhibitors have resulted from enzyme mechanistic studies and from the direct search for enzyme inhibitors with herbicidal, fungicidal or antimicrobial potential. this review discusses the design of the various inhibitors that have been produced so far and some ...	2004	15379642
unique biosynthesis of dehydroquinic acid?	a search of the genomic sequences of the thermophilic microorganisms aquifex aeolicus, archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and methanococcus jannaschii for the first seven enzymes (arog, b, d, e, k, a, and c ) involved in the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway reveal two key enzymes are missing. the first enzyme in the pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase (arog) and the second enzyme in the pathway, 5-dehydroquinic acid synthase (arob) are " ...	2004	15381397
multi-copy suppression of an aspergillus nidulans mutant sensitive to camptothecin by a putative monocarboxylate transporter.	the mono carboxylate transporter (mct) is a family of membrane proteins from the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) of transporters. here, we report the first identified aspergillus nidulans mct homologue, amca. the amca gene was isolated by high copy number suppression of the hydroxyurea (hu) sensitivity of an a. nidulans camptothecin-sensitive mutant. expression of amca is increased when hyphae are grown in media containing acetate or pyruvate as single carbon source, and after exposure to se ...	2004	15386109
parameiosis in aspergillus nidulans in response to doxorubicin.	the recombinagenic effect of doxorubicin (an anticancer agent that impairs dna synthesis and causes chromosome breaks) was used to induce parameiotic events in aspergillus nidulans. heterokaryons formed with master strains and uvs mutants were inoculated with and without doxorubicin. haploid segregants (parameiotics and parents) and aneuploids were selected as heterokaryon-derived visible sectors. among parameiotic segregants, recombinants by intergenic mitotic crossing-over and recombinants by ...	2004	15881406
synthesis and biological evaluations of sulfa derivatives bearing heterocyclic moieties.	some new sulfa derivatives bearing a heterocyclic moieties fural, pyrimidinone, thiazolidinone, benzimidazole and 1,2,4-triazinone and the related compounds 2-19 have been synthesized from treatment of sulfa drugs with thioisocyanate, acid chlorides, 3-chloro-1,2,4-triazines, aldehydes, esters and/or 2-methylbenzoxazole followed by ring closure reactions. structures of the products have been deduced from their elemental analysis and spectral data. significant antimicrobial activities were observ ...	2004	15881802
cofactor processing in galactose oxidase.	go (galactose oxidase; e.c. 1.1.3.9) is a monomeric 68 kda enzyme that contains a single copper ion and an amino acid-derived cofactor. the enzyme is produced by the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum as an extracellular enzyme. the enzyme has been extensively studied by structural, spectroscopic, kinetic and mutational approaches that have provided insight into the catalytic mechanism of this radical enzyme. one of the most intriguing features of the enzyme is the post-translational genera ...	2004	15777009
[fatal aspergillus nidulans pneumonia].		2004	15777589
regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi.	the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. it is produced as end product by some filamentous fungi only, most notably by aspergillus (emericella) nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. the penicillin biosynthesis is catalysed by three enzymes which are encoded by the following three genes: acva (pcbab), ipna (pcbc) and aata (pende). the genes are organised into a gene cluster. although the production of secondary metabolites ...	2004	15719552
cloning and use of sc as homologous marker for aspergillus niger transformation.	the sc sequence from aspergillus niger was cloned and developed into a homologous marker system for genetic transformation. the coding region of the sc gene amplified by pcr from the a. niger genome was provided with aspergillus nidulans expression signals (gpda promoter and trpc terminator). this chimeric construct was used to successfully transform a spontaneous sc- isolate of a. niger to prototrophy. the transformants analyzed by southern analysis showed integration of multiple copies of the ...	2004	15722148
the effect of crea in glucose and xylose catabolism in aspergillus nidulans.	the catabolism of glucose and xylose was studied in a wild type and crea deleted (carbon catabolite de-repressed) strain of aspergillus nidulans. both strains were cultivated in bioreactors with either glucose or xylose as the sole carbon source, or in the presence of both sugars. in the cultivations on single carbon sources, it was demonstrated that xylose acted as a carbon catabolite repressor (xylose cultivations), while the enzymes in the xylose utilisation pathway were also subject to repre ...	2004	12920487
the azga purine transporter of aspergillus nidulans. characterization of a protein belonging to a new phylogenetic cluster.	the azga gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes a hypoxanthine-adenine-guanine transporter. it has been cloned by a novel transposon methodology. the null phenotype of azga was defined by a number of mutations, including a large deletion. in mycelia, the azga gene is, like other genes of purine catabolism, induced by uric acid and repressed by ammonium. its transcription depends on the pathway-specific uay zinc binuclear cluster protein and the broad domain area gata factor. azga is not closely re ...	2004	14597637
fungal metabolic model for 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase deficiency.	aspergillus nidulans is able to use leu as the sole carbon source through a metabolic pathway leading to acetyl-coa and acetoacetate that is homologous to that used by humans. mcca and mccb, the genes encoding the subunits of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase, are clustered with ivda encoding isovaleryl-coa dehydrogenase, a third gene of the leu catabolic pathway, on the left arm of chromosome iii. their transcription is induced by leu and other hydrophobic amino acids and repressed by glucose. p ...	2004	14612443
the alternative d-galactose degrading pathway of aspergillus nidulans proceeds via l-sorbose.	the catabolism of d-galactose in yeast depends on the enzymes of the leloir pathway. in contrast, aspergillus nidulans mutants in galactokinase ( gale) can still grow on d-galactose in the presence of ammonium-but not nitrate-ions as nitrogen source. a. nidulans gale mutants transiently accumulate high (400 mm) intracellular concentrations of galactitol, indicating that the alternative d-galactose degrading pathway may proceed via this intermediate. the enzyme degrading galactitol was identified ...	2004	14624333
nuclear import of yeast gcn4p requires karyopherins srp1p and kap95p.	the yeast transcription factor gcn4p contains two stretches of amino acid residues, nls1 and nls2, which are independently able to relocate the cytoplasmic protein chorismate mutase into the nucleus. only nls2 is conserved among fungi. a truncated version of cpca (the counterpart of gcn4p in aspergillus nidulans), which lacks the conserved nls, accumulates in the cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. nuclear uptake mediated by the nls1 of gcn4p is impaired by defects in genes for several different k ...	2004	14648200
the pot1+ homologue in aspergillus nidulans is required for ordering mitotic events.	orderly progression through mitosis is essential to reduce segregation errors in the cell's genetic material. we have used a cytological screen to identify a mutant that progresses through mitosis aberrantly and have cloned the complementing gene, nimu, which encodes a protein related to pot1 and other telomere end-binding proteins. we show that loss of nimu function leads to premature mitotic spindle elongation, premature mitotic exit, errors in chromosome segregation, and failure to delay mito ...	2004	14657278
aspergillus nidulans rhoa is involved in polar growth, branching, and cell wall synthesis.	growth of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans begins when the conidium breaks dormancy and grows isotropically. eventually a germ tube emerges and the axis of growth remains fixed in the primary hypha while new growth axes are established basally to form secondary germ tubes and lateral branches. rho1 is a rho family gtpase that has been shown to be involved in polarity establishment and cell wall deposition in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a gene predicted to encode a rho1 homolog was clone ...	2004	14643255
ammonium-induced internalisation of uapc, the general purine permease from aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans uapc protein is a high-affinity, moderate-capacity, uric acid-xanthine transporter, which also displays a low transport capacity for hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine. it has been previously shown that a functional uapc-gfp fusion protein localises at the plasma membrane. here, we demonstrate that ammonium, a preferred nitrogen source, dramatically changes the subcellular distribution of uapc. after addition of ammonium, uapc-gfp is removed from the plasma membrane and ...	2004	14643258
aspergillus nidulans hypa regulates morphogenesis through the secretion pathway.	aspergillus nidulans hypa encodes a predicted 1474 amino acid, 161.9 kda cytoplasmic peptide. strains with hypa1 and hypa6 alleles are wild type at 28 degrees c but have wide, slow-growing hyphae and thick walls at 42 degrees c. hypa1 and hypa6 have identical genetic lesions. hypa1 and hypa6 restrictive phenotypes have statistically similar morphometry, and strains with either allele can conidiate at 42 degrees c. hypa deletion strains require osmotic support and have aberrant morphology, but pr ...	2004	14643261
gamma-tubulin plays an essential role in the coordination of mitotic events.	recent data from multiple organisms indicate that gamma-tubulin has essential, but incompletely defined, functions in addition to nucleating microtubule assembly. to investigate these functions, we examined the phenotype of mipad159, a cold-sensitive allele of the gamma-tubulin gene of aspergillus nidulans. immunofluorescence microscopy of synchronized material revealed that at a restrictive temperature mipad159 does not inhibit mitotic spindle formation. anaphase a was inhibited in many nuclei, ...	2004	14668489
cadre: the central aspergillus data repository.	cadre is a public resource for housing and analysing genomic data extracted from species of aspergillus. it arose to enable maintenance of the complete annotated genomic sequence of aspergillus fumigatus and to provide tools for searching, analysing and visualizing features of fungal genomes. by implementing cadre using ensembl, a framework is in place for storing and comparing several genomes: the resource will thus expand by including other aspergillus genomes (such as aspergillus nidulans) as ...	2004	14681443
high efficiency transformation of penicillium nalgiovense with integrative and autonomously replicating plasmids.	penicillium nalgiovense is a filamentous fungus that is acquiring increasing biotechnological importance in the food industry due to its widespread use as starter culture for cured and fermented meat products. strains of p. nalgiovense can be improved by genetic modification to remove the production of penicillin and other potentially hazardous secondary metabolites, to improve its capacity to control the growth of undesirable fungi and bacteria on the meat product, and other factors that contri ...	2004	14698104
the lipid body protein, ppoa, coordinates sexual and asexual sporulation in aspergillus nidulans.	the coexistence of sexual and asexual reproductive cycles within the same individual is a striking phenomenon in numerous fungi. in the fungus aspergillus nidulans (teleomorph: emericella nidulans) endogenous oxylipins, called psi factor, serve as hormone-like signals that modulate the timing and balance between sexual and asexual spore development. here, we report the identification of a. nidulans ppoa, encoding a putative fatty acid dioxygenase, involved in the biosynthesis of the linoleic aci ...	2004	14699095
the lis1-related protein nudf of aspergillus nidulans and its interaction partner nude bind directly to specific subunits of dynein and dynactin and to alpha- and gamma-tubulin.		2004	14712821
aspergillus niger msta encodes a high-affinity sugar/h+ symporter which is regulated in response to extracellular ph.	a sugar-transporter-encoding gene, msta, which is a member of the major facilitator superfamily, has been cloned from a genomic dna library of the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. to enable the functional characterization of msta, a full-length cdna was expressed in a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in hexose uptake. uptake experiments using 14c-labelled monosaccharides demonstrated that although able to transport d-fructose ( k(m), 4.5+/-1.0 mm), d-xylose ( k(m), 0.3+/-0.1 mm) an ...	2004	14717659
fungal ammonia fermentation, a novel metabolic mechanism that couples the dissimilatory and assimilatory pathways of both nitrate and ethanol. role of acetyl coa synthetase in anaerobic atp synthesis.	fungal ammonia fermentation is a novel dissimilatory metabolic mechanism that supplies energy under anoxic conditions. the fungus fusarium oxysporum reduces nitrate to ammonium and simultaneously oxidizes ethanol to acetate to generate atp (zhou, z., takaya, n., nakamura, a., yamaguchi, m., takeo, k., and shoun, h. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 1892-1896). we identified the aspergillus nidulans genes involved in ammonia fermentation by analyzing fungal mutants. the results showed that assimilatory ...	2004	14722082
transformation of aspergillus aculeatus using the drug resistance gene of aspergillus oryzae and the pyrg gene of aspergillus nidulans.	transformation systems for aspergillus aculeatus has been developed, based on the use of the pyrithiamine resistance gene of aspergillus oryzae and the orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrg) of aspergillus nidulans. an a. aculeatus mutant which can be transformed effectively by the a. nidulans pyrg gene was isolated as a transformation host. this is the first report of transformation of a. aculeatus.	2003	14730150
apical growth and mitosis are independent processes in aspergillus nidulans.	it is well established that cytoplasmic microtubules are depolymerized during nuclear division and reassembled as mitotic microtubules. mounting evidence showing that cytoplasmic microtubules were also involved in apical growth of fungal hyphae posed the question of whether apical growth became disrupted during nuclear division. we conducted simultaneous observations of mitosis (fluorescence microscopy) and apical growth (phase-contrast microscopy) in single hyphae of aspergillus nidulans to det ...	2003	14714210
identification of proteins that interact with the central coiled-coil region of the human protein kinase nek1.	nek protein kinases are evolutionarily conserved kinases structurally related to the aspergillus nidulans mitotic regulator nima. at least nine members of the nek family in vertebrates have been described to date, but for most of them the interacting protein partners are unknown. the pleiotropic deleterious effects and the formation of kidney cysts caused by nek1 mutation in mice emphasize its involvement in the regulation of diverse cellular processes and in the etiology of polycystic kidney di ...	2003	14690447
transinhibition and voltage-gating in a fungal nitrate transporter.	we have applied enzyme kinetic analysis to electrophysiological steady-state data of zhou et al. (zhou, j.j., trueman, l.j., boorer, k.j., theodoulou, f.l., forde, b.g., miller, a.j. 2000. a high-affinity fungal nitrate carrier with two transport mechanisms. j. biol. chem. 275:39894-9) and to new current-voltage-time records from xenopus oocytes with functionally expressed nrta (crna) 2h+-no3- symporter from emericella (aspergillus) nidulans. zhou et al. stressed two michaelis-menten (mm) mechan ...	2003	14692450
regulation of cell cycle progression by calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways.	many hormones, growth factors, and cytokines regulate proliferation of their target cells. perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular calcium (ca(2+)). the major intracellular receptor for ca(2+) is calmodulin (cam). cam is a small protein that contains four ef-hand ca(2+) binding sites and is highly conserved among eukaryotes. in all organisms in which the cam gene has been deleted, it is essential. ...	2003	14671000
sub-families of alpha/beta barrel enzymes: a new adenine deaminase family.	no gene coding for an adenine deaminase has been described in eukaryotes. however, physiological and genetical evidence indicates that adenine deaminases are present in the ascomycetes. we have cloned and characterised the genes coding for the adenine deaminases of aspergillus nidulans, saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe. the a.nidulans gene was expressed in escherichia coli and the purified enzyme shows adenine but not adenosine deaminase activity. the open reading frames co ...	2003	14643670
compatible solutes protect against chaotrope (ethanol)-induced, nonosmotic water stress.	water stress is one of the major stresses experienced by cellular systems and can take a number of distinct forms. in response to turgor-related osmotic stress, cells produce compatible solutes that are macromolecule protectants and also counteract the outflow of water from stressed cells. in this report we show that the germination of conidia of aspergillus nidulans, a sensitive indicator of water stress, in the presence of ethanol is correlated with the intracellular concentration of the compa ...	2003	14660346
swohp, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, is essential in aspergillus nidulans.	the temperature-sensitive swoh1 mutant of aspergillus nidulans was previously identified in a screen for mutants with defects in polar growth. in the present work, we found that the swoh1 mutant swelled, lysed, and did not produce conidia during extended incubation at the restrictive temperature. when shifted from the permissive to the restrictive temperature, swoh1 showed the temperature-sensitive swelling phenotype only after 8 h at the higher temperature. the swoh gene was mapped to chromosom ...	2003	14665452
the expression of sterigmatocystin and penicillin genes in aspergillus nidulans is controlled by vea, a gene required for sexual development.	secondary metabolism is commonly associated with morphological development in microorganisms, including fungi. we found that vea, a gene previously shown to control the aspergillus nidulans sexual/asexual developmental ratio in response to light, also controls secondary metabolism. specifically, vea regulates the expression of genes implicated in the synthesis of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin and the antibiotic penicillin. vea is necessary for the expression of the transcription factor aflr, wh ...	2003	14665453
the sonb(nup98) nucleoporin interacts with the nima kinase in aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans nima kinase is essential for mitotic entry. at restrictive temperature, temperature-sensitive nima alleles arrest in g2, before accumulation of nima in the nucleus. we performed a screen for extragenic suppressors of the nima1 allele and isolated two cold-sensitive son (suppressor of nima1) mutants. the sona1 mutant encoded a nucleoporin that is a homolog of yeast gle2/rae1. we have now cloned sonb, a second nucleoporin genetically interacting with nima. sonb is essentia ...	2003	14668365
suppressor mutations bypass the requirement of flug for asexual sporulation and sterigmatocystin production in aspergillus nidulans.	asexual sporulation (conidiation) in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans requires the early developmental activator flug. loss of flug results in the blockage of both conidiation and production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (st). to investigate molecular mechanisms of flug-dependent developmental activation, 40 suppressors of flug (sfgs) that conidiate without flug have been isolated and characterized. genetic analyses showed that an individual suppression is caused by a single secon ...	2003	14668366
pka, ras and rgs protein interactions regulate activity of aflr, a zn(ii)2cys6 transcription factor in aspergillus nidulans.	sterigmatocystin (st) is a carcinogenic polyketide produced by several filamentous fungi including aspergillus nidulans. expression of st biosynthetic genes (stc genes) requires activity of a zn(ii)2cys6 transcription factor, aflr. aflr is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by a g-protein/camp/protein kinase a (pkaa) signaling pathway involving flba, an rgs (regulator of g-protein signaling) protein. prior genetic data showed that flba transcriptional regulation of aflr was p ...	2003	14668367
the phoa and phob cyclin-dependent kinases perform an essential function in aspergillus nidulans.	unlike pho85 of saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highly related phoa cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) of aspergillus nidulans plays no role in regulation of enzymes involved in phosphorous acquisition but instead modulates differentiation in response to environmental conditions, including limited phosphorous. like pho85, aspergillus phoa is a nonessential gene. however, we find that expression of dominant-negative phoa inhibits growth, suggesting it may have an essential but redundant function. suppor ...	2003	14668368
overlap of nuclear localisation signal and specific dna-binding residues within the zinc finger domain of pacc.	the transcription factor pacc, mediating regulation of gene expression by ambient ph in the genetically amenable fungus aspergillus nidulans, contains a three zinc finger dna-binding domain (zf-dbd) including a nuclear localisation signal (nls). we selected 38 novel mutations impairing pacc function, of which 21 missense mutations identify individual residues essential for zf-dbd structure/function. our functional analysis agrees with our previous conclusion that finger 1 does not bind dna and p ...	2003	14636595
arsenate transport and reduction in the hyper-tolerant fungus aspergillus sp. p37.	aspergillus sp. p37 is able to grow at arsenate concentrations of 0.2 m--more than 20-fold higher than that withstood by reference microorganisms such escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus nidulans. this paper examines the transport of arsenate and phosphate and the reduction of arsenate in aspergillus sp. p37. these properties were compared with the corresponding properties of the archetype strain aspergillus nidulans ts1. both uptake and efflux of arsenate were inhibited b ...	2003	14641588
nitrogen metabolism and virulence of candida albicans require the gata-type transcriptional activator encoded by gat1.	nitrogen acquisition and metabolism is central to microbial growth. a conserved family of zinc-finger containing transcriptional regulators known as gata-factors ensures efficient utilization of available nitrogen sources by fungi. gata factors activate expression of nitrogen catabolic pathways when preferred nitrogen sources are absent or limiting, a phenomenon known as nitrogen catabolite repression. gat1 of candida albicans encodes a gata-factor homologous to the area protein of aspergillus n ...	2003	14617156
reactive oxygen species generated by microbial nadph oxidase noxa regulate sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	nadph oxidases (nox) have been characterized as higher eukaryotic enzymes used deliberately to produce reactive oxygen species (ros). the recent discovery of new functional members of the nox family in plants and animals has led to the recognition of the increasing importance of ros as signals involved in regulation of diverse cellular processes such as defence, growth and signalling. here, we address the role of nadph oxidase-generated ros in the biology of the filamentous fungus aspergillus ni ...	2003	14622412
characterization of phia, a gene essential for phialide development in aspergillus nidulans.	we have previously identified genes and proteins involved in the fungal response to the streptomyces-produced antibiotics, bafilomycin b1 and concanamycin a, known inhibitors of v-atpases. using mrna differential display we identified an aspergillus nidulans gene with 30-fold up-regulated expression in the presence of bafilomycin. this gene, here denoted phia, and its gene product, were further characterized by targeted gene disruption and immunohistochemistry. phenotypically, the phia mutation ...	2003	14599891
addendum to "the ph-induced glycosylation of secreted phosphatases is mediated in aspergillus nidulans by the regulatory gene pacc-dependent pathway" [fungal genet. biol. 39 (2003) 286-295].		2003	14599896
intron requirement for afp gene expression in trichoderma viride.	the 430 bp orf of the aspergillus giganteus antifungal protein (afp) gene, containing two small introns, was fused between the promoter and the terminator of the aspergillus nidulans trpc gene. the afp gene in this vector produced detectable levels of spliced mrna in trichoderma viride. in contrast, in the same vector configuration, its 285 bp intronless derivative showed no accumulation of mrna when transformed into t. viride. such expression results were confirmed at the protein level. this fa ...	2003	14600221
a novel improved method for aspergillus nidulans transformation.	we systematically investigated the efficiency of aspergillus nidulans transformation using protoplasts prepared from different stages of conidiospore germination and young mycelium. using standard integrative plasmids, increased transformation yields were obtained with protoplasts isolated from a specific stage coincident with germ tube emergence. this increase ranged, on the average, from two- to eightfold depending on different plasmids used. transformation efficiencies with a replicative plas ...	2003	14607411
multiple gata sites: protein binding and physiological relevance for the regulation of the proline transporter gene of aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans, proline can serve both as a carbon and a nitrogen source. the transcription of the prnb gene, encoding the proline transporter, is efficiently repressed only by the simultaneous presence of ammonium and glucose. thus, repression of this gene demands the activation of the crea repressor and the inactivation of the positive-acting gata factor area. repression of all other prn structural genes results largely from inducer exclusion. in an area null mutation background, prnb ...	2003	14507380
4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase-encoding npga is essential for siderophore biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans produces two major siderophores: it excretes triacetylfusarinine c to capture iron and contains ferricrocin as an intracellular iron-storage compound. siderophore biosynthesis involves the enzymatic activity of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps). nrps contain 4'-phosphopantetheine as an essential prosthetic group, which is attached by 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases. a. nidulans appears to possess at least one gene, npga, encoding such an enzyme. using a strain carr ...	2003	14508603
discrimination between gene expression patterns in the invasive margin and the tumour core of malignant melanomas.	genes that determine the invasive capacity of the invasive front of malignant melanomas (mm) have not yet been systematically investigated in vivo. therefore, we combined laser pressure catapulting (lpc) microdissection with cdna microarray technology (dermarray, research genetics, representing about 5700 genes) to systematically analyse differences in gene expression profiles between the invasive margin and the tumour centre in nine cases of vertical growth phase mm. signal-to-noise statistical ...	2003	14512792
the aspergillus nidulans alca promoter drives tightly regulated conditional gene expression in aspergillus fumigatus permitting validation of essential genes in this human pathogen.	aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive aspergillosis, a mycosis that is usually fatal in immunocompromised patients. functional genomics in this fungus will aid the discovery of novel antifungal drugs to treat invasive aspergillosis. however, there is still a need for appropriate molecular genetic tools to facilitate such functional studies. here, we describe the use of a conditional gene expression system allowing the identification of novel therapeutic targets through validation of essential ge ...	2003	14516763
diversity of polyketide synthase gene sequences in aspergillus species.	fungal polyketide synthases are responsible for the biosynthesis of several mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. the aim of our work was to investigate the diversity of polyketide synthases in aspergillus species using two approaches: pcr amplification using oligonucleotide primers, and bioinformatics. ketosynthase domain probes amplified dna fragments of about 700 bp in each examined isolate. sequences of these domains were aligned and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. the ketosynthase d ...	2003	14527661
the kinesin family member bimc contains a second microtubule binding region attached to the n terminus of the motor domain.	the kinesin family member bimc has a highly positively charged domain of approximately 70 amino acids at the n terminus of the motor domain. motor domain constructs of bimc were prepared with and without this extra domain to determine its influence. the level of microtubules needed for half saturation of the atpase of bimc motor domain constructs is reduced by approximately 7000-fold at low ionic strength upon addition of this extra n-terminal extension. although the change in microtubule affini ...	2003	14530265
a novel extracellular multicopper oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium with ferroxidase activity.	lignin degradation by the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium involves various extracellular oxidative enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and a peroxide-generating enzyme, glyoxal oxidase. recent studies have suggested that laccases also may be produced by this fungus, but these conclusions have been controversial. we identified four sequences related to laccases and ferroxidases (fet3) in a search of the publicly available p. chrysosporium database. one ...	2003	14532088
viability of dried vegetative cells or filaments, survivability and/or reproduction under water and light stress, and following heat and uv exposure in some blue-green and green algae.	vegetative cells in dried, mucilagenous mass of gloeocapsa aeruginosa and aphanothece nidulans, reticulum of hydrodictyon reticulatum, mucilagenous mass of chroococcus minor, and filaments of oedogonium sp. and scytonema hofmanni died within 1/2, 1/2, 1/2, 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively, while dried vegetative filaments of phormidium foveolarum retained under similar storage conditions viability for 4 d. p. foveolarum tolerated 1 mol/l nacl. the resistance to desiccation in p. foveolarum exhibited s ...	2003	14533482
cloning and expression analysis of the atp-binding cassette transporter gene mfabc1 and the alternative oxidase gene mfaox1 from monilinia fructicola.	brown rot, caused by moniliniafructicola (g wint) honey, is a serious disease of peach in all commercial peach production areas in the usa, including south carolina where it has been primarily controlled by pre-harvest application of 14-alpha demethylation (dmi) fungicides for more than 15 years. recently, the qo fungicide azoxystrobin was registered for brown rot control and is currently being investigated for its potential as a dmi fungicide rotation partner because of its different mode of ac ...	2003	14561072
the serine/threonine kinase nek6 is required for cell cycle progression through mitosis.	the aspergillus nidulans protein nima (never in mitosis, gene a) is a protein kinase required for the initiation of mitosis, whereas its inactivation is necessary for mitotic exit. here, we demonstrate that human nima-related kinase 6 (nek6) is required for mitotic progression of human cells. nek6 is phosphorylated and activated during m phase. inhibition of nek6 function by either overexpression of an inactive nek6 mutant or elimination of endogenous nek6 by sirna arrests cells in m phase and t ...	2003	14563848
genetic transformation of monascus purpureus dsm1379.	monascus purpureus was transformed into hygromycin b resistance with hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hph) fused to aspergillus nidulans trpc or a putative monascus purpureus gpd1 promoter by electroporation. among five strains, only m. purpureus dsm1397 was a competent recipient. normal growth and sporulation on media containing up to 500 mg hygromycin b l(-1) occurred up to five generations. upon transformation of the strain with the green fluorescent protein gene (sgfp) as a model gene and hp ...	2003	14571974
the aspergillus nidulans swoc1 mutant shows defects in growth and development.	previous work identified swoc1 as a single-gene mutant with defects in polarity establishment. in this study swoc1 was shown to have defects in endocytosis, compartmentation, nuclear distribution, and conidiation. temperature-shift experiments showed that the swoc1 mutant establishes multiple random sites of germ tube emergence. surprisingly, these experiments also showed that even a slight delay in polarity establishment causes defects in later vegetative growth and asexual reproduction. the sw ...	2003	14573468
mutational analysis of the major proline transporter (prnb) of aspergillus nidulans.	prnb, the l-proline transporter of aspergillus nidulans, belongs to the amino acid polyamine organocation (apc) transporter family conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in silico analysis and limited biochemical evidence suggest that apc transporters comprise 12 transmembrane segments (tms) connected with relatively short hydrophilic loops (l). however, very little is known on the structure-function relationships in apc transporters. this work makes use of the a. nidulans prnb transporter to ...	2003	14578044
glycosphingolipids of the model fungus aspergillus nidulans: characterization of gipcs with oligo-alpha-mannose-type glycans.	aspergillus nidulans is a well-established nonpathogenic laboratory model for the opportunistic mycopathogen, a. fumigatus. some recent studies have focused on possible functional roles of glycosphingolipids (gsls) in these fungi. it has been demonstrated that biosynthesis of glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (gipcs) is required for normal cell cycle progression and polarized growth in a. nidulans (cheng, j., t.-s. park, a. s. fischl, and x. s. ye. 2001. mol. cell biol. 21: 6198-6209); howeve ...	2003	12923229
mitochondrial rnase p rnas in ascomycete fungi: lineage-specific variations in rna secondary structure.	the rna subunit of mitochondrial rnase p (mtp-rna) is encoded by a mitochondrial gene (rnpb) in several ascomycete fungi and in the protists reclinomonas americana and nephroselmis olivacea. by searching for universally conserved structural elements, we have identified previously unknown rnpb genes in the mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas) of two fission yeasts, schizosaccharomyces pombe and schizosaccharomyces octosporus; in the budding yeast pichia canadensis; and in the archiascomycete taphrina defo ...	2003	12923256
tina interacts with the nima kinase in aspergillus nidulans and negatively regulates astral microtubules during metaphase arrest.	the tina gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes a protein that interacts with the nima mitotic protein kinase in a cell cycle-specific manner. highly similar proteins are encoded in neurospora crassa and aspergillus fumigatus. tina and nima preferentially interact in interphase and larger forms of tina are generated during mitosis. localization studies indicate that tina is specifically localized to the spindle pole bodies only during mitosis in a microtubule-dependent manner. deletion of tina alo ...	2003	12925754
antifungal agents from the roots of cudrania cochinchinensis against candida, cryptococcus, and aspergillus species.	bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of four antifungal agents from the roots of cudrania cochinchinensis. two of these were new compounds, cudraxanthone s [1, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)xanthone] and cudraflavanone b (2, 2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-prenylflavanone). the remaining two compounds were known compounds, toxyloxanthone c (3) and wighteone (4). among these compounds, 1, 3, and 4 exhibited antifungal activities against cryptococcus neoformans, asper ...	2003	12932139
branching is coordinated with mitosis in growing hyphae of aspergillus nidulans.	filamentous fungi like aspergillus nidulans can effectively colonize their surroundings by the formation of new branches along the existing hyphae. while growth conditions, chemical perturbations, and mutations affecting branch formation have received great attention during the last decades, the mechanisms that regulates branching is still poorly understood. in this study, a possible relation between cell cycle progression and branching was studied by testing the effect of a nuclei distribution ...	2003	12948510
genomics reveals sexual secrets of aspergillus.		2003	12949156