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structural and antitrypanosomal data of different carbasones of piperitone.this article reports data on four carbazones of piperitone: semicarbazone 1, thiosemicarbazone 2, 4-phenyl semicarbazone 3 and 4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone 4 prepared directly in situ from essential oil of cymbopogon schoenantus, whose gc-fid and gc-ms analysis revealed piperitone as major component (68.20%). the structures of hemi-synthesized compounds were confirmed by high throughput ir, ms, (1)h and (13)c nmr based spectrometric analysis. their antiparasitic activities were evaluated in vitro ...201627900358
phasor plotting with frequency-domain flow cytometry.interest in time resolved flow cytometry is growing. in this paper, we collect time-resolved flow cytometry data and use it to create polar plots showing distributions that are a function of measured fluorescence decay rates from individual fluorescently-labeled cells and fluorescent microspheres. phasor, or polar, graphics are commonly used in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim). in flim measurements, the plotted points on a phasor graph represent the phase-shift and demodulation of ...201627410612
[anti-hbs persistence after revaccination with three doses of hepatitis b vaccine among non-responsive adults: a 4-year of follow-up study].to explore anti-hbs persistence four years after revaccination with hepatitis b vaccine (hepb) among adults who were non-responsive to hepb primary immunization.201627256728
[anti-hbs persistence following revaccination with three doses of hepatitis b vaccine among low-responsive adults after primary vaccination: a 4-year follow-up study].to assess the 4-year anti-hbs persistence after revaccination with 3-dose of hepatitis b vaccine (hepb) among low-responsive adults.201627256727
[antibody persistence following primary vaccination with hepatitis b vaccine among normal and high-responder adults: a 5-year follow-up study].to evaluate the 5-year antibody persistence and the risk factors associated with the persistence after primary vaccination of hepatitis b vaccine (hepb) among normal or high-response adults.201627256726
[anti-hbs persistence following primary vaccination with three doses of hepatitis b vaccine among normal and high-responder adults: a 3-year follow-up study].to assess the 3-year anti-hbs persistence after primary vaccination with three-dose of hepatitis b vaccine (hepb) among normal and high-responder adults.201627256725
impact of hydrolysates on monoclonal antibody productivity, purification and quality in chinese hamster ovary cells.plant and yeast derived hydrolysates are economical and efficient alternative medium supplements to improve mammalian cell culture performance. we supplemented two commercial chinese hamster ovary (cho) culture media with hydrolysates from four different sources, yeast, soybean, ex-cell cd (a chemically defined hydrolysate replacement) and wheat to improve the productivity of two cell lines expressing different monoclonal antibodies (mabs). yeast, soybean and ex-cell cd improved the final mab ti ...201627067279
mitochondrial genome of cricetulus migratorius (rodentia: cricetidae): insights into the characteristics of the mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic relationships of cricetulus species.cricetulus migratorius is widely distributed in the northwestern arid regions of china. here, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of c. migratorius is reported, to our knowledge, for the first time. it was found to be 16,246bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes, and one control region, and showed characteristics typical of the vertebrate mitogenome. comparative analyses of mitogenomes of cricetulus species showed that hamster mitogenomes h ...201627717890
a new family of insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.most currently used insecticides are neurotoxic chemicals that target a limited number of sites and insect cholinergic neurotransmission is the major target. a potential target for insecticide development is the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (machr), which is a metabotropic g-protein-coupled receptor. insects have a- and b-type machrs and the five mammalian machrs are close to the a-type. we isolated a cdna (cg12796) from the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster. after heterologous expression ...201627003873
highly efficient transfer of chromosomes to a broad range of target cells using chinese hamster ovary cells expressing murine leukemia virus-derived envelope proteins.microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (mmct) is an essential step for introducing chromosomes from donor cells to recipient cells. mmct allows not only for genetic/epigenetic analysis of specific chromosomes, but also for utilization of human and mouse artificial chromosomes (hacs/macs) as gene delivery vectors. although the scientific demand for genome scale analyses is increasing, the poor transfer efficiency of the current method has hampered the application of chromosome engineering technol ...201627271046
removal process of prion and parvovirus from human platelet lysates used as clinical-grade supplement for ex vivo cell expansion.pooled human platelet lysate (hpl) is becoming the new gold standard as supplement for ex vivo cell culture for clinical protocols. however, the risk of pathogen contamination of hpl increases with the platelet pool size. we hypothesized that hollow fiber anion exchange membrane chromatography using qyuspeed d (qsd) could remove resistant and untested bloodborne pathogens, such as parvoviruses and prions, from hpl-supplemented growth media without substantially affecting their capacity to suppor ...201627260210
synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of non-hemiacetal ester derivatives of artemisinin.in an attempt to improve the efficacy and stability of current, clinically used artemisinins, a series non-hemiacetal ester derivatives of artemisinin were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial and anticancer activities as well as cytotoxicities. these esters were synthesized through the reaction of acid anhydrides, or acid chlorides with artemisinin derived alcohol. in vitro antiplasmodial activity assessments were conducted against intraerythrocytic nf54 and dd2 plasmodiu ...201627448920
monocyclic β-lactam and unexpected oxazinone formation: synthesis, crystal structure, docking studies and antibacterial evaluation.novel monocyclic β-lactam derivatives bearing aryl, phenyl and heterocyclic rings were synthesized as possible antibacterial agents. cyclization of imines (3h, 3t) with phenylacetic acid in the presence of phosphoryl chloride and triethyl amine did not afford the expected β-lactams. instead, highly substituted 1,3-oxazin-4-ones (4h, 4t) were isolated as the only product and confirmed by single crystal x-ray analysis of 4t. the results of antibacterial activity showed that compound 4l exhibited c ...201626133357
newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin neuraminidase as a potential cancer targeting agent.the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of newcastle disease virus (ndv) with its immunotherapeutic activities and sialic acid binding abilities is a promising cancer adjuvant. the hn was surfaced displayed on lactococcus lactis and its cancer targeting ability was investigated via attachment to the mda-mb231 breast cancers. to surface display the hn protein on the bacterial cell wall, hn was fused to n-acetylmuraminidase (acma) anchoring motif of l. lactis and expressed in chinese hamster ...201626918060
design, synthesis, and in vitro antituberculosis activity of 2(5h)-furanone derivatives.a series of 2(5h)-furanone-based compounds were synthesized from commercially available mucohalic acids. from the first-generation compounds, three showed inhibitory activity (10 µg/ml) of at least 35% against mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2) 155 growth (bioscreen c system). in screening the active first-generation compounds for growth inhibition against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, the most active compound was identified with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic99 ) of 8.07 µg/ml (15.8 µm) ...201627346745
construction of a novel dna vaccine candidate encoding an hspx-ppe44-esxv fusion antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis.mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb). bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine, is not effective in adults, therefore, many efforts have been made to produce an effective adult tb vaccine. the aim of this study was to develop a new tuberculosis dna vaccine candidate encoding a recombinant hspx-ppe44-esxv fusion antigen of m. tuberculosis.201627536702
generation and characterization of a bivalent hiv-1 subtype c gp120 protein boost for proof-of-concept hiv vaccine efficacy trials in southern africa.the viral envelope glycoprotein (env) is the major target for antibody (ab)-mediated vaccine development against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). although several recombinant env antigens have been evaluated in clinical trials, only the surface glycoprotein, gp120, (from hiv-1 subtype b, mn, and subtype crf_01ae, a244) used in the alvac prime-aidsvax gp120 boost rv144 phase iii hiv vaccine trial was shown to contribute to protective efficacy, although modest and short-lived. henc ...201627442017
liposome-mediated herpes simplex virus uptake is glycoprotein-d receptor-independent but requires heparan sulfate.cationic liposomes are widely used to facilitate introduction of genetic material into target cells during transfection. this study describes a non-receptor mediated herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) entry into the chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) cells that naturally lack glycoprotein d (gd)-receptors using a commercially available cationic liposome: lipofectamine. presence of cell surface heparan sulfate (hs) increased the levels of viral entry indicating a potential role of hs in this mode of ...201627446014
novel epstein-barr virus-like particles incorporating gh/gl-ebna1 or gb-lmp2 induce high neutralizing antibody titers and ebv-specific t-cell responses in immunized mice.previous epstein-barr virus (ebv) prophylactic vaccines based on the major surface glycoprotein gp350/220 as an immunogen have failed to block viral infection in humans, suggesting a need to target other viral envelope glycoproteins. in this study, we reasoned that incorporating gh/gl or gb, critical glycoproteins for viral fusion and entry, on the surface of a virus-like particle (vlp) would be more immunogenic than gp350/220 for generating effective neutralizing antibodies to prevent viral inf ...201627926486
rabbits immunized with epstein-barr virus gh/gl or gb recombinant proteins elicit higher serum virus neutralizing activity than gp350.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and has been strongly implicated in the etiology of multiple epithelial and lymphoid cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, hodgkin lymphoma, burkitt lymphoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. there is currently no licensed prophylactic vaccine for ebv. most efforts to develop prophylactic vaccines have focused on ebv gp350, which binds to cd21/cd35 to gain entry ...201627291087
recombinant production and characterization of human anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies identified from hybridomas fused with human lymphocytes.in previous studies, hybridomas producing human immunoglobulin g, the antibodies 5e4 and 5a7 against influenza a and b virus were established using a novel human lymphocyte fusion partner, spymeg. in the present study, we succeeded in achieving the recombinant production and secretion of 5e4 and 5a7 in chinese hamster ovary cells. our n-glycan analysis by intact-mass detection and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry showed that recombinant 5e4 and 5a7 have one n-glycan and the typical mammal ...201627464991
endocytic function is critical for influenza a virus infection via dc-sign and l-sign.the ubiquitous presence of cell-surface sialic acid (sia) has complicated efforts to identify specific transmembrane glycoproteins that function as bone fide entry receptors for influenza a virus (iav) infection. the c-type lectin receptors (clrs) dc-sign (cd209) and l-sign (cd209l) enhance iav infection however it is not known if they act as attachment factors, passing virions to other unknown receptors for virus entry, or as authentic entry receptors for clr-mediated virus uptake and infection ...201626763587
high levels of histone h3 acetylation at the cmv promoter are predictive of stable expression in chinese hamster ovary cells.chinese hamster ovary cells (cho) are widely used in the production of glycosylated therapeutic proteins such as antibodies. during expansion and maintenance, cho cell lines are prone to production instability, which may be caused by promoter silencing, loss of transgene copies, or post-transcriptional effects. silencing of recombinant genes may be accompanied by dna methylation and histone modification. previously, we demonstrated that cytosine methylation of the human cytomegalovirus major imm ...201627073121
dc-sign and l-sign are attachment factors that promote infection of target cells by human metapneumovirus in the presence or absence of cellular glycosaminoglycans.it is well established that glycosaminoglycans (gags) function as attachment factors for human metapneumovirus (hmpv), concentrating virions at the cell surface to promote interaction with other receptors for virus entry and infection. there is increasing evidence to suggest that multiple receptors may exhibit the capacity to promote infectious entry of hmpv into host cells; however, definitive identification of specific transmembrane receptors for hmpv attachment and entry is complicated by the ...201627334579
influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoproteins with different n-glycan patterns activate dendritic cells in vitro.influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) n-glycans play important regulatory roles in the control of virus virulence, antigenicity, receptor-binding specificity, and viral escape from the immune response. considered essential for controlling innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus infections, dendritic cells (dcs) trigger proinflammatory and adaptive immune responses in hosts. in this study, we engineered chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines expressing recombinant ha from pandem ...201627099319
xrcc1 rs25487 genetic variant and tp53 mutation at codon 249 predict clinical outcomes of hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a cohort study for 10 years' follow up.to investigate the effects of rs25487 (the dna repair gene: x-ray repair complementing defective repair in chinese hamster cells 1 [xrcc1]) and codon 249 mutation (tp53 gene) on clinical outcomes of post-hepatectomy hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related hcc.201626519348
bioisosteric ferrocenyl-containing quinolines with antiplasmodial and antitrichomonal properties.bioisosteric ferrocenyl-containing quinolines and ferrocenylamines containing organosilanes and their carbon analogues, were prepared and fully characterised. the molecular structures of two ferrocenyl-containing quinolines, determined using single-crystal x-ray diffraction, revealed that the compounds crystallise in a folded conformation. the compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (nf54) and cq-resistant (dd2) strains of p. falciparum, as wel ...201627858010
general and genetic toxicology of enzyme-treated ginseng extract: toxicology of ginseng rh2.ginseng rh2+ is enzyme-treated ginseng extract containing high amounts of converted ginsenosides, such as compound k, rh2, rg3, which have potent anticancer activity. we conducted general and genetic toxicity tests to evaluate the safety of ginseng rh2+.201627695630
fast filtration of bacterial or mammalian suspension cell cultures for optimal metabolomics results.the metabolome offers real time detection of the adaptive, multi-parametric response of the organisms to environmental changes, pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications and thus rationalizes the optimization of cell cultures in bioprocessing. in bioprocessing the measurement of physiological intracellular metabolite levels is imperative for successful applications. however, a sampling method applicable to all cell types with little to no validation effort which simultaneously offers h ...201627438065
calibrated complex impedance of cho cells and e. coli bacteria at ghz frequencies using scanning microwave microscopy.the application of scanning microwave microscopy (smm) to extract calibrated electrical properties of cells and bacteria in air is presented. from the s 11 images, after calibration, complex impedance and admittance images of chinese hamster ovary cells and e. coli bacteria deposited on a silicon substrate have been obtained. the broadband capabilities of smm have been used to characterize the bio-samples between 2 ghz and 20 ghz. the resulting calibrated cell and bacteria admittance at 19 ghz w ...201626895571
multi-omics data driven analysis establishes reference codon biases for synthetic gene design in microbial and mammalian cells.in this study, we analyzed multi-omics data and subsets thereof to establish reference codon usage biases for codon optimization in synthetic gene design. specifically, publicly available genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and translatomic data for microbial and mammalian expression hosts, escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae, pichia pastoris and chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells, were compiled to derive their individual codon and codon pair frequencies. then, host dependent and -omics spe ...201626850284
[study of in vitro expression of human platelet itgb3 gene nonsense mutation c.1476g>a].to explore the function of a novel nonsense mutation c.1476g>a of itgb3 gene using an in vitro expression system.201626829726
web application for genetic modification flux with database to estimate metabolic fluxes of genetic mutants.computational analysis of metabolic fluxes is essential in understanding the structure and function of a metabolic network and in rationally designing genetically modified mutants for an engineering purpose. we had presented the genetic modification flux (gmf) that predicts the flux distribution of a broad range of genetically modified mutants. to enhance the feasibility and usability of gmf, we have developed a web application with a metabolic network database to predict a flux distribution of ...201626777238
high-efficiency secretory expression of human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from mammalian cell lines with human serum albumin signal peptide.human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (ngal) is a secretory glycoprotein initially isolated from neutrophils. it is thought to be involved in the incidence and development of immunological diseases and cancers. urinary and serum levels of ngal have been investigated as a new biomarker of acute kidney injury (aki), for an earlier and more accurate detection method than with creatinine level. however, expressing high-quality recombinant ngal is difficult both in escherichia coli and mam ...201626518367
two-mab cocktail protects macaques against the makona variant of ebola virus.the 2014-2015 ebola virus (ebov) outbreak in west africa highlighted the urgent need for specific therapeutic interventions for infected patients. the human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mab) cocktail zmapp, previously shown to be efficacious in ebov (variant kikwit) lethally infected nonhuman primates (nhps) when administration was initiated up to 5 days, was used in some patients during the outbreak. we show that a two-antibody cocktail, mil77e, is fully protective in nhps when administe ...201626962157
cho cell production and sequence improvement in the 13c6fr1 anti-ebola antibody.from march 2014 through february 2015, the ebola virus spread rapidly in west africa, resulting in almost 30,000 infections and approximately 10,000 deaths. with no approved therapeutic options available, an experimental antibody cocktail known as zmapp™ was administered to patients on a limited compassionate-use basis. the supply of zmapp™ was highly constrained at the time because it was in preclinical development and a novel production system (tobacco plants) was being used for manufacturing. ...201626761424
biophysical studies on calcium and carbohydrate binding to carbohydrate recognition domain of gal/galnac lectin from entamoeba histolytica: insights into host cell adhesion.entamoeba histolytica, an enteric parasite expresses a gal/galnac-specific lectin that contributes to its virulence by establishing adhesion to host cell. in this study, carbohydrate recognition domain of hgl (ehcrd) was purified and biophysical studies were conducted to understand the thermodynamic basis of its binding to carbohydrate and ca(++) here, we show that carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) of the lectin binds to calcium through dpn motif. to decipher the role of calcium in carbohydr ...201627008865
rapid screening by cell-based fusion assay for identifying novel antivirals of glycoprotein b-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a causative agent for a variety of diseases. although antiherpetic drugs such as acyclovir have been developed to inhibit virus replication through interaction with dna kinases, their continuous administration leads to an increase in the frequency of drug-resistant hsv-1, which is an important clinical issue that requires urgent solution. recently, we reported that the sialylated o-linked sugar t antigen (stn) and its attached peptide region (o-glycosylated ...201627803463
detection and quantification of adp-ribosylated rhoa/b by monoclonal antibody.clostridium botulinum exoenzyme c3 is the prototype of c3-like adp-ribosyltransferases that modify the gtpases rhoa, b, and c. c3 catalyzes the transfer of an adp-ribose moiety from the co-substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) to asparagine-41 of rho-gtpases. although c3 does not possess cell-binding/-translocation domains, c3 is able to efficiently enter intact cells, including neuronal and macrophage-like cells. conventionally, the detection of c3 uptake into cells is carried out v ...201627043630
antioxidant and dna repair stimulating effect of extracts from transformed and normal roots of rhaponticum carthamoides against induced oxidative stress and dna damage in cho cells.rhaponticum carthamoides has a long tradition of use in siberian folk medicine. the roots and rhizomes of this species are used in various dietary supplements or nutraceutical preparations to increase energy level or eliminate physical weakness. this is the first report to reveal the protective and dna repair stimulating abilities of r. carthamoides root extracts in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells exposed to an oxidative agent. both transformed root extract (tr extract) and extract of soil-gro ...201627034736
effects of isoleucine deficiency on nucleic acid and protein metabolism in cultured chinese hamster cells. continued ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in the absence of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. 20165061874
n-ethylmaleimide and the cyclic response to x-rays of synchronous chinese hamster cells. 20164736799
ultrastructural changes in a-cells exposed to diabetic hyperglycaemia. observations made on pancreas of chinese hamsters. 20164914660
effect of circadian rhythm on the radiation response of the chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus). 20165030088
the retinal vasculature of the chinese hamster: a preliminary study. 20164914659
intermittent dna synthesis and periodic expression of enzyme activity in the cell cycle of wi-38.synchronous cultures of wi-38 were obtained using an automated system for detachment and partitioning of mitotic cells which operates without the use of inhibitors, altered medium, or lowered temperatures. the generation time in synchronous wi-38 is 19.5 h and the duration of s phase when determined from the percentage of labeled metaphase cells or nuclei is 12 h. dna replication in wi-38 occurs in three temporally distinct and rapid bursts separated by intervals of greatly reduced synthesis wit ...20164795861
clones of chinese hamster cells cultivated in vitro not permanently resistant to azaguanine. 20164843976
[anatomical studies on the urinary tract and genitalia of the chinese dwarf hamster (cricetulus griseus)]. 20165036384
islet and beta cell volumes in offspring of severely diabetic (ketotic) chinese hamsters. 20164914657
temporal variation of adenine ribonucleotides during the cell cycle of chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture. 20164855877
chromosomal aberrations induced by caffeine in endoreduplicated chinese hamster cells. 20164822595
studies on induced aberrations in diplochromosomes of chinese hamster cells. 20164796813
potent inhibition of herg channels by the over-the-counter antidiarrheal agent loperamide.the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro electrophysiological properties of loperamide. the authors' hypothesis was that loperamide is a potent blocker of the current carried by the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (herg) potassium channel.201629759761
experimentally-induced animal models of prediabetes and insulin resistance: a review.animal models are very common in diabetes research when rodents are mostly used in this regard. although a number of animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (t2d) are developed in last few decades, the numbers of animal models of prediabetes and insulin resistance are very scanty. due to the rapidly changing pathogenesis of the disease and preventive study, the popularity of the prediabetic and insulin resistance models are largely increased in the recent years. some genetically or spontaneo ...201629648707
impedance-based analysis of mu opioid receptor signaling and underlying mechanisms.the mu opioid receptor is a g-protein coupled receptor able to signal through the gαi/o class of g-protein and β-arrestin pathways, stimulating down-stream effector pathways. signaling bias occurs when different receptor agonists lead to different signaling outcomes. traditionally these have been studied using end-point assays. real-time cellular analysis platforms allow for the analysis of the holistic effects of receptor activation as an integrated output. while this allows for different ligan ...201630338303
[subunit specific modulation of glycine receptors by ginkgolic acid.]ginkgo biloba extract is a multicomponent pharmacological agent widely used in neurological disorders therapy. it was shown that ginkgolic acid, a constituent of lipophylic ginkgo biloba extract, has numerous biological activities. in the present study we have focused on the features of ginkgolic acid action on αl and α2 glycine receptors that make part of the inhibitory system of the brain. using whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp recording we analysed effects of ginkgolic acid on differen ...201629975473
cytotoxicity evaluation of anatase and rutile tio₂ thin films on cho-k1 cells in vitro.cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide (tio₂) thin films on chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) cells was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. the tio₂ thin films were deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering. these films were post-deposition annealed at different temperatures (300, 500 and 800 °c) toward the anatase to rutile phase transformation. the root-mean-square (rms) surface roughness of tio₂ films went from 2.8 to 8.08 nm when the annealing temperature was increased from 300 to 8 ...201628773740
genotoxicity evaluation of alpha-linolenic acid-diacylglycerol oil.the alpha-linolenic acid (ala)-diacylglycerol (dag) oil is an edible oil enriched with dag (>80%) and ala (>50%). although dag oil, which mainly consists of oleic and linoleic acids has no genotoxic concerns, the fatty acid composition could affect the chemical property of dag. therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ala-dag oil using standard genotoxicity tests in accordance with the oecd guidelines. ala-dag oil showed negative results in the bacterial reverse m ...201628959597
misonidazole increases the toxicity of bcnu for hypoxic cells.misonidazole (miso) increased the toxicity of bcnu for hypoxic chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells in vitro, but had no effect on aerobic toxicity of bcnu. survival was reduced by up to 10(-3) with an exposure to miso (imm x 4 hr) that had no direct toxicity for hypoxic cells. preincubation of cells with miso under hypoxic conditions followed by exposure to bcnu in air also resulted in increased toxicity. related effects were observed when cho cells were exposed to serum from mice that had receive ...20167107395
deoxyribonucleotide pools as targets for mutagenesis by n-methyl-n-nitrosourea.this paper describes a biological test of the hypothesis that one or more components of the intracellular nucleotide pool represent a significant target for the mutagenic effects of alkylating agents. in other words, we ask whether mutagenesis can occur either through alkylation of susceptible nucleotide residues in dna, or through alkylation of a free nucleotide, followed by its incorporation into dna. our approach is based upon the premise that if a nucleotide pool is a mutagenic target, then ...20163260658
the effect of l-2-oxothiazolidine on glutathione levels in cultured mammalian cells.chinese hamster ovary cells were cultured with increasing concentrations (7 x 10(-8) m-7 x 10(-2) m) of l-2-oxothiazolidine in an attempt to increase intracellular glutathione levels in these multiply-passaged mammalian cells. in a series of 7 expts., intracellular glutathione levels increased significantly at the highest concentrations tested and were protective against oxygen radical-induced genetic toxicity.20163627156
effect of heavy metals on cellular growth, metabolism and integrity of cultured chinese hamster kidney cells.the effects of cdcl2, na2cro4, naaso2 and niso4 on cultured chinese hamster kidney cells were studied over a concentration range for 48 h. release of lactate dehydrogenase, a parameter of cell viability, was not closely related to cell proliferation except for na2cro4. a better correlation was obtained between glucose consumption and lactate production, and cellular growth. when studying toxic effects of metals in cell-culture systems, metabolic parameters should be determined in addition to cel ...20163840935
the use of drugs which deplete intracellular glutathione in hypoxic cell radiosensitization.diethylmaleate (dem) is a thiol-binding reagent with specificity toward glutathione. treatment of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells in vitro with 2 x 10(-4) m dem for one hour results in a decrease in glutathione content to less than 5% of control, without cytotoxicity. this treatment results in dose-modifying sensitization to radiation under hypoxic conditions, with no effect on the shoulder of the radiation survival curve. no effect on the radiation sensitivity of oxygenated cells was seen. de ...20167107365
[changes in the cell membranes of chinese hamster fibroblasts during laser and x-ray irradiation studied with the use of a fluorescent probe]. 20167089203
[effect of low molecular weight polyacrylic acid on normal and gamma-irradiated chinese hamster cells]. 20167192423
the surface morphology and fine structure of cho (chinese hamster ovary) cells following enucleation.chinese hamster ovary cells grown in monolayer culture and exposed to cytochalasin b were enucleated by centrifugation. thereafter, the karyoplasts (the nucleated parts obtained from the bottoms of the centrifuge tubes) and the cytoplasts (the enucleated cytoplasmic parts attached to the coverslips) were allowed to recover and subsequently were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. microscopy of thin sections revealed that the karyoplasts, limited by an intact plasma membran ...20154528813
effect of x-irradiation of one partner on hybrid frequency in fusions between chinese hamster cells. 20154672335
pericentriolar virus-like particles in chinese hamster ovary cells. 20154853583
cytogenetic studies with dichlorvos in mice and chinese hamsters. 20154646173
isolation and biochemical characterization of folate deficient mutants of chinese hamster cells. 20154547236
modification of recovery from potentially lethal x-ray damage in plateau phase chinese hamster cells. 20154428008
x-irradiation of mitotic chinese hamster cells. i. damage expression and recovery in surviving daughter cells. 20154542041
endocytosis in chinese hamster fibroblasts. inhibition by glucose. 20154358113
electron microscopic cytochemical study of phosphatases during spermiogenesis in chinese hamster. 20154376970
isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants in a chinese hamster cell line. 20154345380
expression time and spontaneous mutability in the estimation of induced mutation frequency following treatment of chinese hamster cells by ultraviolet light. 20154672944
synchronization of chinese hamster cell cultures with colcemid. 20154420905
isolation of a clone of chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in plant lectin-binding sites.ricin, a galactose-binding lectin with potent cytotoxic activity, was used to select a clone of chinese hamster ovary cells with altered plant lectin-binding properties. the clone (15b) is 80-fold less sensitive to the toxic action of ricin than the parent line. in the absence of ricin, it grows both in monolayer and suspension culture with a normal generation time. plating efficiency, however, is significantly reduced. relative to the parent cells, its binding of the ricinus communis lectins, p ...20154524616
a mammalian cell mutant with a temperature-sensitive leucyl-transfer rna synthetase.a cell mutant of the chinese hamster ovary line, which is temperature sensitive for protein synthesis, is specifically defective in vivo in its ability to charge trna with leucine. cytoplasmic extracts exhibited temperature-sensitive leucyl-trna synthetase activity. it is, therefore, highly likely that the mutant has a structural alteration in leucyl-trna synthetase. the low leakiness and low reversion rate of this mutant, combined with the specificity of the defect in its protein-synthesizing m ...20154361675
non-linkage of induced mutations in chinese hamster cells. 20154508395
morphologic changes in the aorta of the diabetic chinese hamster. 20154448327
increased drug permeability in chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence of cyanide. 20154473229
characteristics of mutant clones of chinese hamster cells resistant to purine analogues. 20154456615
the poly-γ-d-glutamic acid capsule surrogate of the bacillus anthracis capsule is a novel toll-like receptor 2 agonist.bacillus anthracis is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium that causes a highly lethal infectious disease, anthrax. the poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (pga) capsule is one of the major virulence factors of b. anthracis, along with exotoxins. pga enables b. anthracis to escape phagocytosis and immune surveillance. our previous study showed that pga activates the human macrophage cell line thp-1 and human dendritic cells, resulting in the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (il-1β) ( ...201526195551
enzyme and coenzyme levels, oxygen uptake and lactate production in synchronized cultures of chinese hamster cells. 20154397277
the sweet branch of metabolic engineering: cherry-picking the low-hanging sugary fruits.in the first science review on the then nascent metabolic engineering field in 1991, dr. james e. bailey described how improving erythropoietin (epo) glycosylation can be achieved via metabolic engineering of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. in the intervening decades, metabolic engineering has brought sweet successes in glycoprotein engineering, including antibodies, vaccines, and other human therapeutics. today, not only eukaryotes (cho, plant, insect, yeast) are being used for manufacturing ...201526655367
oxysterol-binding protein activation at endoplasmic reticulum-golgi contact sites reorganizes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate pools.oxysterol-binding protein (osbp) exchanges cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pi-4p) at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and the trans-golgi/trans-golgi network. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25oh) competitively inhibits this exchange reaction in vitro and causes the constitutive localization of osbp at the er/golgi interface and pi-4p-dependent recruitment of ceramide transfer protein (cert) for sphingomyelin synthesis. we used pi-4p probes and mass analysis to deter ...201526601944
human cell lines for biopharmaceutical manufacturing: history, status, and future perspectives.biotherapeutic proteins represent a mainstay of treatment for a multitude of conditions, for example, autoimmune disorders, hematologic disorders, hormonal dysregulation, cancers, infectious diseases and genetic disorders. the technologies behind their production have changed substantially since biotherapeutic proteins were first approved in the 1980s. although most biotherapeutic proteins developed to date have been produced using the mammalian chinese hamster ovary and murine myeloma (ns0, sp2 ...201526383226
surface display of glycosylated tyrosinase related protein-2 (trp-2) tumour antigen on lactococcus lactis.the exploitation of the surface display system of food and commensal lactic acid bacteria (lab) for bacterial, viral, or protozoan antigen delivery has received strong interest recently. the generally regarded as safe (gras) status of the lactococcus lactis coupled with a non-recombinant strategy of in-trans surface display, provide a safe platform for therapeutic drug and vaccine development. however, production of therapeutic proteins fused with cell-wall anchoring motifs is predominantly limi ...201526715153
the myelin and lymphocyte protein mal is required for binding and activity of clostridium perfringens ε-toxin.clostridium perfringens ε-toxin (etx) is a potent pore-forming toxin responsible for a central nervous system (cns) disease in ruminant animals with characteristics of blood-brain barrier (bbb) dysfunction and white matter injury. etx has been proposed as a potential causative agent for multiple sclerosis (ms), a human disease that begins with bbb breakdown and injury to myelin forming cells of the cns. the receptor for etx is unknown. here we show that both binding of etx to mammalian cells and ...201525993478
use of tangential flow filtration for improving detection of viral adventitious agents in cell substrates.in this study, we assessed the feasibility of tangential flow filtration (tff) for primary concentration of viral adventitious agents (aas) from large volumes of cell substrate-derived samples, such as cell-free chinese hamster ovary (cho) culture supernatants (500 ml) and cho cell lysates (50 ml), prior to virus detection in them by nucleic acid-based methods (i.e., qpcr and massively parallel sequencing (mps). the study was conducted using the samples spiked with four model dna viruses (bovine ...201525432087
generation of potent mouse monoclonal antibodies to self-proteins using t-cell epitope "tags".immunization of mice or rats with a "non-self" protein is a commonly used method to obtain monoclonal antibodies, and relies on the immune system's ability to recognize the immunogen as foreign. immunization of an antigen with 100% identity to the endogenous protein, however, will not elicit a robust immune response. to develop antibodies to mouse proteins, we focused on the potential for breaking such immune tolerance by genetically fusing two independent t-cell epitope-containing sequences (fr ...201525523454
pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus.the southern cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, anaplasma marginale. the southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptor ...201525958152
potent neutralizing anti-cd1d antibody reduces lung cytokine release in primate asthma model.cd1d is a receptor on antigen-presenting cells involved in triggering cell populations, particularly natural killer t (nkt) cells, to release high levels of cytokines. nkt cells are implicated in asthma pathology and blockade of the cd1d/nkt cell pathway may have therapeutic potential. we developed a potent anti-human cd1d antibody (nib.2) that possesses high affinity for human and cynomolgus macaque cd1d (kd ∼100 pm) and strong neutralizing activity in human primary cell-based assays (ic50 typi ...201525751125
safety evaluation of amp deaminase from aspergillus oryzae.adenosine-5'-monophosphate (amp) deaminase is an enzyme used to increase concentrations of 5'-inosine monophosphate in certain foods and beverages for flavoring purposes. one commercial source of this enzyme is aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus with a history of safe use in asia as a fermentation organism used in the production of miso sauce and sake liquors. noting the use of the enzyme in food intended for human consumption and potential presence at trace levels in finished goods, a ser ...201526559900
cloning, identification and functional characterization of bovine free fatty acid receptor-1 (ffar1/gpr40) in neutrophils.long chain fatty acids (lcfas), which are ligands for the g-protein coupled receptor ffar1 (gpr40), are increased in cow plasma after parturition, a period in which they are highly susceptible to infectious diseases. this study identified and analyzed the functional role of the ffar1 receptor in bovine neutrophils, the first line of host defense against infectious agents. we cloned the putative ffar1 receptor from bovine neutrophils and analyzed the sequence to construct a homology model. our re ...201525790461
the transcription factor ccaat/enhancer binding protein β (c/ebpβ) and mir-27a regulate the expression of porcine dickkopf2 (dkk2).using affymetrix porcine gene-chip analyses, we found that dickkopf2 (dkk2), a wnt antagonist, is differentially expressed in pre-ovulatory follicles between large white and chinese taihu sows. this study aims to identify the regulatory factors responsible for dkk2 expression. deletion fragment and mutation analyses identified dkk2-d3 as the porcine dkk2 core promoter. there were four c/ebpβ binding sites within the dkk2 core promoter. the c allele that results from a spontaneous alteration (dkk ...201526656471
genotoxicity evaluation of oryeong-san water extract using in vitro and in vivo tests.oryeong-san, a mixture of five herbal plants, is a well-known therapy for renal-associated diseases such as those manifesting edema, dysuria, and oliguria.201526268991
evaluation of a water extract of so-cheong-ryong-tang for acute toxicity and genotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo tests.so-cheong-ryong-tang, a traditional korean medicine, has been used empirically for the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and colds for hundreds of years. however, its genotoxicity has been rarely examined.201526178777
selenocystamine improves protein accumulation in chloroplasts of eukaryotic green algae.eukaryotic green algae have become an increasingly popular platform for recombinant proteins production. in particular, chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has garnered increased attention for having the necessary biochemical machinery to produce vaccines, human antibodies and next generation cancer targeting immunotoxins. while it has been shown that chloroplasts contain chaperones, peptidyl prolylisomerases and protein disulfide isomerases that facilitate these complex proteins folding and assembly, li ...201526137911
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