Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| salbutamol modulation of ion transport in sheep parietal pleura is protein dependent. | the formation of pleural effusion during pulmonary edema is an important physiological mechanism of resolution of alveolar flooding. in cases of pulmonary edema resulting from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) these effusions are exudative, having high protein load. to this end, the effect of salbutamol in the presence of protein, on the ion transport properties of the sheep parietal pleura was investigated by ussing chamber experiments. our results show that salbutamol increases ion tr ... | 2011 | 22130244 |
| [pyogenic granuloma of the thumb following the bite of a sheep.] | in the case of a patient with a large pyogenic granuloma of the thumb about three months after the bite of a sheep, we covered the defect after resection with a split thickness skin graft. although at first amputation was discussed, after a few months a very good functional and aesthetic result was achieved. | 2011 | 21850611 |
| [virulence factors in proteus spp. bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections: their detection and importance]. | nosocomial infections associated with biofilm formation have been a serious problem in recent years. up to 32 % of them are urinary tract infections in patients with long-dwelling catheters. catheters represent an ideal surface for bacterial adhesion, facilitating easier colonization of the urinary tract. important pathogens causing these infections are bacteria of the genus proteus that colonize catheters not only by biofilm formation but also using other virulence factors. those were developed ... | 2011 | 22052099 |
| long-term increase in uterine blood flow is achieved by local overexpression of vegf-a(165) in the uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. | increasing uterine artery blood flow (uabf) may benefit fetal growth restriction where impaired uteroplacental perfusion prevails. based on previous short-term results, we examined the long-term effects of adenovirus vector-mediated overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor-a(165) (vegf-a(165)) in the uterine artery (uta). transit-time flow probes were implanted around both utas of mid-gestation pregnant sheep (n=11) to measure uabf. a carotid artery catheter was inserted to measure m ... | 2011 | 22011641 |
| time to generate ventilator-induced lung injury among mammals with healthy lungs: a unifying hypothesis. | to investigate ventilator-induced lung injury (vili), several experimental models were designed including different mammalian species and ventilator settings, leading to a large variability in the observed time-course and injury severity. we hypothesized that the time-course of vili may be fully explained from a single perspective when considering the insult actually applied, i.e. lung stress and strain. | 2011 | 22052185 |
| α-tocopherol succinate protects mice against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. | the purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of α-tocopherol succinate (α-ts) in protecting mice from gastrointestinal syndrome induced by total-body irradiation. cd2f1 mice were injected subcutaneously with 400 mg/kg of α-ts and exposed to different doses of (60)co γ radiation, and 30-day survival was monitored. jejunum sections were analyzed for crypts and villi, puma (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), and apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling - ... | 2011 | 22013885 |
| severe ostertagiasis in a group of scottish dairy heifers. | 2011 | 22167842 | |
| preclinical evaluation of an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase a2α for the treatment of asthma. | asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease with considerable unmet medical requirement for new and effective therapies. cytosolic phospholipase a(2)α (cpla(2)α) is the rate-limiting enzyme ultimately responsible for production of eicosanoids implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. we investigated a novel cpla(2)α inhibitor, pf-5212372, to establish the potential for this drug as a treatment for asthma. pf-5212372 was a potent inhibitor of cpla(2)α (7nm) and was able to inhibit prostaglan ... | 2011 | 22160268 |
| interactions between mild nutrient imbalance and taste preferences in young ruminants. | thirty-two crossbred lambs (bw = 31.2 ± 4.7 kg; 16 females, 16 males) housed in individual pens were used to investigate the relationship between nutrient supply and taste preferences in ruminants. experiment 1, determined whether an imbalanced cp supply would alter preferences for feeds containing flavors designed to elicit either umami (u) or a mixture (⅓:⅓:⅓) of umami, sweet, and bitter (m) tastes. lambs were randomly allocated to either a low (lp; 10.9% cp) or a high (hp ... | 2011 | 21984714 |
| chaperonin tric assists the refolding of sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. | the cytosolic chaperonin tric was isolated from ovine testes using ultracentrifugation and heparin-sepharose chromatography. the molecular mass of the obtained preparation was shown to exceed 900 kda (by blue native page). sds-page yielded a set of bands in the range of 50-60 kda. electron microscopy examination revealed ring-shaped complexes with the outer diameter of 15 nm and the inner diameter of approximately 6 nm. the results suggest that the purified chaperonin is an oligomeric complex co ... | 2011 | 21995946 |
| quantitative comparison of myocardial fiber structure between mice, rabbit, and sheep using diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance. | accurate interpretations of cardiac functions require precise structural models of the myocardium, but the latter is not available always and for all species. although scaling or substitution of myocardial fiber information from alternate species has been used in cardiac functional modeling, the validity of such practice has not been tested. | 2011 | 22117695 |
| regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure in red blood cells. | the exposure of phosphatidylserine (ps) on the outer membrane leaflet of red blood cells (rbcs) serves as a signal for eryptosis, a mechanism for the rbc clearance from blood circulation. the process of ps exposure was investigated as function of the intracellular ca(2+) content and the activation of pkcα in human and sheep rbcs. cells were treated with lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), 4-bromo-a23187, or phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (pma) and analysed by flow cytometry, single cell fluorescence v ... | 2011 | 22178937 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae in the sitatunga. | we examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult sitatunga (tragelaphus spekei) by scanning electron microscopy. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. the filiform papillae consisted of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. the filiform papilla contained connective tissue core consisting of several processes. the fungiform papillae were round in shape. the connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was flower-bud shaped. lenticular papillae were limited ... | 2011 | 21882593 |
| potential risk of zoonotic transmission from young swine to human: seroepidemiological and genetic characterization of hepatitis e virus in human and various animals in beijing, china. | the aim of this study was to further investigate the prevalence of infection and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) among different species of animals, people whose works are related to pigs and the general population in the suburb of beijing, china. serum and faecal samples were collected from 10 animal species and humans. anti-hev was detected by enzyme immunoassays (eia); hev rna was amplified by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method. pcr products were clone ... | 2011 | 21914080 |
| the status of rift valley fever in animals in saudi arabia: a mini review. | in august-september 2000, an overwhelming outbreak of rift valley fever (rvf) struck the southwestern part of saudi arabia and adjoining yemeni territories. during the outbreak, which was the first ever to be recorded outside africa, around 40,000 animals, mostly sheep and goats, died or aborted and 883 cases, with 124 deaths, were recorded among humans in saudi arabia. an additional 1328 human cases, with 166 deaths, were concurrently recorded in northwestern yemen. vector studies in saudi arab ... | 2011 | 21923257 |
| effect of infection with teladorsagia circumcincta on milk production and composition in assaf dairy sheep. | infection by gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in grazing sheep can negatively influence the growth of lambs and milk yield. in the current study we evaluated the effect of high and low levels of infection with teladorsagia circumcincta on production parameters of lactating ewes. two groups of ewes were infected with 50,000 t. circumcincta third stage larvae (l3) 30 days before lambing. to obtain a high level of infection, group hi was challenged with 30,000 l3 30 days post-partum (pp) and again ... | 2011 | 22093908 |
| decreasing maternal nutrient intake during the final third of pregnancy in previously overnourished adolescent sheep: effects on maternal nutrient partitioning and feto-placental development. | when pregnant adolescent sheep are overnourished during pregnancy normal nutrient partitioning priorities to the gravid uterus are altered, leading to impaired placental development and fetal growth restriction. we hypothesized that decreasing dietary intake in overnourished dams during the final third of gestation may reverse this inappropriate nutrient partitioning in favor of the fetus. adolescent ewes were offered control (c; n = 12) or high (h; n = 20) dietary intakes to induce normal vs. c ... | 2011 | 22154692 |
| shared bacterial and viral respiratory agents in bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), domestic sheep (ovis aries), and goats (capra hircus) in montana. | transmission of infectious agents from livestock reservoirs has been hypothesized to cause respiratory disease outbreaks in bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and land management policies intended to limit this transmission have proven controversial. this cross-sectional study compares the infectious agents present in multiple populations of bighorn sheep near to and distant from their interface with domestic sheep (o. aries) and domestic goat (capra hircus) and provides critical baseline informat ... | 2011 | 22195293 |
| pregnancy upregulates large-conductance ca(2+)-activated k(+) channel activity and attenuates myogenic tone in uterine arteries. | uterine vascular tone significantly decreases whereas uterine blood flow dramatically increases during pregnancy. however, the complete molecular mechanisms remain elusive. we hypothesized that increased ca(2+)-activated k(+) (bk(ca)) channel activity contributes to the decreased myogenic tone of uterine arteries in pregnancy. resistance-sized uterine arteries were isolated from nonpregnant and near-term pregnant sheep. electrophysiological studies revealed a greater whole-cell k(+) current dens ... | 2011 | 22042813 |
| discovery and genomic characterization of a novel ovine partetravirus and a new genotype of bovine partetravirus. | partetravirus is a recently described group of animal parvoviruses which include the human partetravirus, bovine partetravirus and porcine partetravirus (previously known as human parvovirus 4, bovine hokovirus and porcine hokovirus respectively). in this report, we describe the discovery and genomic characterization of partetraviruses in bovine and ovine samples from china. these partetraviruses were detected by pcr in 1.8% of bovine liver samples, 66.7% of ovine liver samples and 71.4% of ovin ... | 2011 | 21980506 |
| confronting the barriers to develop novel vaccines against brucellosis. | brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. this pathogen causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever, arthritis, endocarditis and meningitis in humans. currently, there is no vaccine licensed for brucellosis in humans. furthermore, control of brucellosis in the human population relies on the control of animal disease. available animal vaccines may cause disease and in some cases have limited efficacy. this article discusses recent studies in the dev ... | 2011 | 21919619 |
| [the gene ontology and electro localization of ovine skin derived est-ssr markers]. | abstract: in order to study the potential gene function of ovine est-ssr markers, nine original est of ovine skin derived polymorphic est-ssr loci, which were developed in an early study by our lab, were ontology annotated and electro localized. the results revealed that the original ests of the six loci had high homology with known genes and three of them probably played an important role in wool traits. compared with its cdna library, 8 loci were located on chromosomes of cattle. the homology ... | 2011 | 22049686 |
| higher whole-blood selenium is associated with improved immune responses in footrot-affected sheep. | abstract: we reported previously that sheep affected with footrot (fr) have lower whole-blood selenium (wb-se) concentrations and that parenteral se-supplementation in conjunction with routine control practices accelerates recovery from fr. the purpose of this follow-up study was to investigate the mechanisms by which se facilitates recovery from fr. sheep affected with fr (n = 38) were injected monthly for 15 months with either 5 mg se (fr-se) or saline (fr-sal), whereas 19 healthy sheep receiv ... | 2011 | 21896161 |
| the efficacy of monepantel against naturally acquired inhibited and developing fourth-stage larvae of teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep in the united kingdom. | the inhibition of teladorsagia and other nematode genera at the early fourth-stage is a biological process that allows the parasites to survive in their host in a dormant state when prevailing conditions may otherwise kill them or prevent their progeny from surviving in the external environment. a study was conducted in scotland to evaluate the efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against natural infections of inhibited fourth-stage teladorsagia spp. larvae. at necropsy it w ... | 2011 | 22177334 |
| multiple pyogranulomas in a katahdin ewe. | 2011 | 22043082 | |
| [comparisons of endocrine hormones levels between tibetan antelope and tibetan sheep]. | the tibetan antelope, a prototype mammal, has developed a unique adaptation to extreme high altitude-associated hypoxia. to investigate the role of the endocrine system in adaptation to high altitude in the tibetan antelope, comparisons of endocrine hormones levels between tibetan antelope (n = 9) and tibetan sheep (n = 10) were performed. both two kinds of animals were captured at an altitude of 4 300 m and then transported to experimental base at 2 800 m altitude. the blood samples were drawn ... | 2011 | 21861053 |
| detection of patent infections of echinococcus granulosus ("sheep-strain", g1) in naturally infected dogs in kosovo. | a survey was carried out to assess the occurrence of canine echinococcosis in naturally infected dogs in kosovo. using the flotation-ovassay technique, taeniid eggs were found in 23 (7.5%) out of a total of 305 dogs. eggs from other helminths were detected as well: hookworms 139 (45.5%), trichuris sp. 87 (28.5%), toxocara sp. 42 (13.7%), toxascaris leonina 21 (6.8%) and dipylidium caninum eight (2.6%). from 21 of the 305 samples (6.9%), taeniids eggs could be collected. using pcr primers specifi ... | 2011 | 22191174 |
| the infusion of glucose in ewes during the luteal phase increases the number of follicles but reduces oestradiol production and some correlates of metabolic function in the large follicles. | short-term nutritional supplementation stimulates folliculogenesis in ewes probably by insulin-mediated actions of glucose in the follicle. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of glucose on follicle number and granulosa levels of aromatase p450 and phosphorylated akt and ampk. twelve ile-de-france ewes were allocated to two groups; one (n=7) infused with saline and the other (n=5) with glucose (10mm/h) for 72h in the luteal phase. at the end of infusion, ovaries were collected and ... | 2011 | 21943503 |
| influence of feeding mediterranean food industry by-products and forages to awassi sheep on physicochemical properties of milk, yoghurt and cheese. | feeding agro-industrial by-products and unconventional forages, rich in potentially anti-nutritional factors, may influence the quality of the raw milk and the dairy products prepared therefrom. the aim of the present study was to determine side-effects on physicochemical properties of milk, yoghurt and cheese of feeding diets where one third were feeds either rich in lipids (tomato pomace and olive cake) or phenols (olive leaves and lentil straw) or electrolytes (atriplex leaves). the diets, in ... | 2011 | 22004605 |
| rift valley fever virus vaccine lacking the nss and nsm genes is safe, nonteratogenic, and confers protection from viremia, pyrexia, and abortion following challenge in adult and pregnant sheep. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne human and veterinary pathogen causing large outbreaks of severe disease throughout africa and the arabian peninsula. safe and effective vaccines are critically needed, especially those that can be used in a targeted one-health approach to prevent both livestock and human disease. we report here on the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the δnss-δnsm recombinant rvfv (rrvfv) vaccine (which lacks the nss and nsm virulence factors) in a total ... | 2011 | 21976656 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis attenuated mutants against challenge in a mouse model. | johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), results in serious economic losses worldwide especially in cattle, sheep and goats. to control the impact of jd on the animal industry, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is urgently required. in order to develop an effective vaccine, we used allelic exchange to construct three mutant map strains, leud, mpt64 and seca2. the mutants were attenuated in a murine model and induced cytokine responses in ... | 2011 | 22107851 |
| analysis of influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding mutants with limited receptor recognition properties and conditional replication characteristics. | to examine the range of selective processes that potentially operate when poorly binding influenza viruses adapt to replicate more efficiently in alternative environments, we passaged a virus containing an attenuating mutation in the hemagglutinin (ha) receptor binding site in mice and characterized the resulting mutants with respect to the structural locations of mutations selected, the replication phenotypes of the viruses, and their binding properties on glycan microarrays. the initial attenu ... | 2011 | 21917953 |
| microsecond unfolding kinetics of sheep prion protein reveals an intermediate that correlates with susceptibility to classical scrapie. | the microsecond folding and unfolding kinetics of ovine prion proteins (ovprp) were measured under various solution conditions. a fragment comprising residues 94-233 of the full-length ovprp was studied for four variants with differing susceptibilities to classical scrapie in sheep. the observed biexponential unfolding kinetics of ovprp provides evidence for an intermediate species. however, in contrast to previous results for human prp, there is no evidence for an intermediate under refolding c ... | 2011 | 21889460 |
| phosphorylation reduces the allergenicity of cow casein in children with selective allergy to goat and sheep milk. | this study aimed to characterize the role of phosphorylation of caseins in selective allergy to goat milk (gm) and sheep milk (sm) in patients with good tolerance to cow milk (cm). we performed skin prick tests with milk and caseins from cm, gm, and sm and immunoblotting and specific immunoglobulin (ig) e determinations with milk and casein from cow and gm and sm. sensitization to milk and caseins from goat and sheep was demonstrated in all 3 patients by skin tests, determination of specific ige ... | 2011 | 21905504 |
| neuroaxonal dystrophy in australian merino lambs. | neuroaxonal dystrophy (nad) is a morphological abnormality in man and animals that is characterized by the occurrence of numerous axonal swellings (spheroids) in the nervous system. nad has been described in suffolk lambs in the usa, merino lambs in australia and several breeds of sheep in new zealand. this paper describes the clinicopathological changes of only the second occurrence of nad reported in merino lambs. there were some features (myelin loss, gliosis and visual impairment) in these a ... | 2011 | 22055697 |
| osseointegration of porous titanium implants with and without electrochemically deposited dcpd coating in an ovine model. | abstract: | 2011 | 22053991 |
| regional imbalanced activation of the calcineurin/bad apoptotic pathway and the pi3k/akt survival pathway after myocardial infarction. | background: the underlying molecular mechanisms of the remodeling after myocardial infarction (mi) remain unclear. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a survival pathway (pi3k/akt) and an apoptosis pathway (calcineurin/bad) in the remodeling after mi in a large animal model. methods: ten dorset hybrid sheep underwent 25% mi in the left ventricle (lv, n=10). five sheep were used as sham control. the regional strain was calculated from sonomicrometry. apoptosis and the activat ... | 2011 | 22088220 |
| effect of season and photoperiod on the time of first postpartum ovulation in awassi ewes. | seasonal differences in the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity, milk production and periparturient metabolic status were investigated in lactating non-suckling dairy awassi sheep in two consecutive experiments. in experiment 1, autumn-lambing (al, n = 27) and spring-lambing (sl, n = 37) ewes were investigated. ovarian activity was monitored by means of individual progesterone (p4) profiles from day 5 to day 100 post partum. most of the al dams (89%) ovulated till day 35 after parturition ... | 2011 | 22079710 |
| differential expressions of mhc-dqb1 mrna in chinese merino sheep infected with echinococosus granuclosus. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate the dynamic changes of mhc-dqb1 mrna expression in sheep infected with echinococosus granuclosus. a total of 14 healthy chinese merino sheep were experimentally infected with e. granuclosus. the blood samples were collected on days 0 (initiation of the infection), 7, 21, 30, and 60 post-infection, respectively. on day 60 post-infection, when the experiment was terminated, all sheep were euthanized to make a diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (c ... | 2011 | 22130504 |
| caprine prion gene polymorphisms are associated with decreased incidence of classical scrapie in goat herds in the united kingdom. | abstract: the application of genetic breeding programmes to eradicate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in goats is an important aim for reasons of animal welfare as well as human food safety and food security. based on the positive impact of prnp genetics on sheep scrapie in europe in the past decade, we have established caprine prnp gene variation in more than 1100 goats from the united kingdom and studied the association of prnp alleles with disease phenotypes in 150 scrapie-positive ... | 2011 | 22040234 |
| atypical scrapie isolates involve a uniform prion species with a complex molecular signature. | the pathobiology of atypical scrapie, a prion disease affecting sheep and goats, is still poorly understood. in a previous study, we demonstrated that atypical scrapie affecting small ruminants in switzerland differs in the neuroanatomical distribution of the pathological prion protein (prp(d)). to investigate whether these differences depend on host-related vs. pathogen-related factors, we transmitted atypical scrapie to transgenic mice over-expressing the ovine prion protein (tg338). the clini ... | 2011 | 22096587 |
| serological survey of neospora caninum in small ruminants from pernambuco state, brazil. | neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion as well as neonatal mortality in goats and sheep. a serological survey for antibodies against n. caninum in goats and sheep was carried out in the municipality of ibimirim, pe, northeastern brazil. the imunnofluoresce antibody test showed that 26.6% (85/319) of the goats and 64.2% (52/81) of the sheep were positive. serologic reactivity was associated with age in goats (p < 0.01) and sheep (p > 0.05), with increasing rates in ol ... | 2011 | 21961757 |
| the recombinant gut-associated m17 leucine aminopeptidase in combination with different adjuvants confers a high level of protection against fasciola hepatica infection in sheep. | fasciola hepatica m17 leucine aminopeptidase (fhlap) is thought to play a role in catabolizing peptides generated by the concerted activity of gut-associated endopeptidases on host polypeptides, thus releasing amino acids to be used in protein anabolism. in this study, a recombinant functional form of this homo hexameric metallopeptidase produced in escherichia coli was used in combination with adjuvants of different types in a vaccination trial in corriedale sheep against experimental challenge ... | 2011 | 21939713 |
| using pcr for early diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection in some native cattle. | bovine leukemia virus (blv), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, is an exogenous, b lymphotropic retrovirus belonging to the retroviridae family that induces persistent lymphocytosis in cattle and sheep. pcr has proven to be particularly suitable for investigating herds of cattle with a very low incidence of blv infection and for clarifying doubtful serological results obtained by immunodiffusion or elisa. the native iranian and russian cattle have a series of valuable traits ... | 2011 | 22057961 |
| distribution of arcanobacterium pluranimalium in animals examined in veterinary laboratories in the united kingdom. | arcanobacterium pluranimalium was first reported in 2001 for 2 isolates, from a harbor porpoise (phocoena phocoena) and a fallow deer (dama dama). the same organism was subsequently reported from ovine material. a review of material submitted to veterinary laboratories in the united kingdom from a range of domestic and wild animals during the following years revealed that a. pluranimalium had been recovered from ovine specimens on 33 occasions. twenty ovine isolates came from abortion material, ... | 2011 | 21908355 |
| bilateral ocular myiasis interna caused by botfly (oestrus ovis): a case report. | the sheep nasal botfly oestrus ovis is the commonest of several species of dipteran fly whose larvae are obligatory parasites in the nasal cavities and frontal sinuses of sheep but may cause infestation (myiasis) in man, commonly as external infestations and rarely, involves inner coat of the eye (ocular myiasis interna). we report an imported case of bilateral ocular myiasis interna in an indian boy. | 2011 | 22106915 |
| clinical syndromes associated with the circulation of multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in israel. | from 2008 to 2011, seven distinct bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes (btv-2, btv-4, btv-5, btv-8, btv-15, btv-16 and btv-24) have been identified to be circulating in diseased sheep and cattle in israel. this paper describes the array of clinical manifestations caused by btv in cattle in israel. each set of clinical manifestations has been categorised as a syndrome and six distinct clinical syndromes have been observed in dairy cattle: 'footrot-like syndrome', 'sore nose syndrome', 'subcutaneous e ... | 2011 | 21862467 |
| medicinal animals used in ethnoveterinary practices of the 'cariri paraibano', ne brazil. | zootherapy is important in various socio-cultural environments, and innumerous examples of the use of animal derived remedies can currently be found in many urban, semi-urban and more remote localities in all parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. however, although a number of ethnobiological inventories concerning the use of medicinal animals in human health care have been compiled in brazil in recent years, zootherapeutic practices in ethnoveterinary medicine (evm) are poorl ... | 2011 | 21985401 |
| influence of mild metabolic acidosis on cardiac contractility and isoprenaline response in isolated ovine myocardium. | the postoperative course after major surgical procedures such as cardiothoracic operations is often accompanied by acute metabolic abnormalities due to large volume and temperature shifts. in general, those intervention-induced trauma might cause the use of catecholamines to stabilize hemodynamics. within the cardiac community, there are still controversial discussions about standardized medical therapy to treat postoperative acidosis, for example, buffering versus nonbuffering for improving cat ... | 2011 | 22097981 |
| identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nicastrese goat and sardinia sheep mannose-binding lectin. | this study was undertaken to detect polymorphisms in the goat and sheep mannose-binding lectin encoding gene (mbl2) and to explore allelic variability of this gene in these two species. the analysis and comparison of the sequences obtained from sheep showed 13 polymorphic sites, six in the promoter and seven in exon 1, four of which were of the missense type. in the goats, 12 polymorphic sites were detected, five intronic, five in the promoter, and one exonic. the exon site was responsible for a ... | 2011 | 21948269 |
| preservation of serotonin-mediated contractility in adult sheep pulmonary arteries following long-term high-altitude hypoxia. | long-term hypoxia (lth) can increase serotonin (5-ht) signaling as well as extracellular calcium entry in adult rodent pulmonary arteries (pa), and 5-ht is associated with pulmonary hypertension. because lth, 5-ht, and calcium entry are related, we tested the hypothesis that lth increases 5-ht-mediated pa contractility and associated calcium influx through l-type ca2+ channels, nonselective cation channels (nscc), and reverse-mode sodium-ca2+ exchange. we performed wire myography and confocal ca ... | 2011 | 21962069 |
| Ultraviolet radiation on innate immunity and growth of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris): implications for facilities design. | Sunlight is a key environmental factor in almost all ecosystems, and it is necessary for many physiological functions. Many vertebrates require ultraviolet (UV) radiation to perform different physiological processes. Artificial light is used to supplement UV in captive animals, through appropriate photoperiods and UV wavelengths. Previous studies reported that repeated exposure to artificial UV radiation may cause damage to the immune system. Taking into account the importance of UV effects and ... | 2011 | 21850705 |
| in vivo and ex vivo phagocytic potential of macrophages from progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin a (ota)-contaminated diet. | this study aimed to investigate the phagocytic potential of macrophages in progeny of breeder hens kept on an ota-contaminated diet. for this purpose, 84 white leghorn (wl) layer breeder hens (40-weeks-of-age) were divided into seven groups (a-g). hens in group a were fed a commercial layer ration while those in groups b-g were kept on a diet amended with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg ota/kg, respectively, for up to 3 weeks (n = 12/treatment group; n = 4/time sub-group/treatment group). fe ... | 2011 | 22145887 |
| apocynin improves oxygenation and increases enos in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. | nadph oxidase is a major source of superoxide anions in the pulmonary arteries (pa). we previously reported that intratracheal superoxide dismutase improves oxygenation and restores enos function in lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (pphn). in this study we determined the effects of the nadph oxidase inhibitor apocynin on oxygenation, ros levels and no signaling in pphn lambs. pphn was induced in lambs by antenatal ligation of ductus arteriosus 9d prior to delivery. lam ... | 2011 | 22198908 |
| pinealectomy affects bone mineral density and structure - an experimental study in sheep. | abstract: background: osteoporosis and associated fractures are a major public health burden and there is great need for a large animal model. melatonin, the hormone of the pineal gland, has been shown to influence bone metabolism. this study aims to evaluate whether absence of melatonin due to pinealectomy affects the bone mass, structure and remodeling in an ovine animal model. methods: female sheep were arranged into four groups: control, surgically ovariectomized (ovx), surgically pinealect ... | 2011 | 22115044 |
| metaphylactic gamithromycin treatment for the management of lameness in ewes putatively caused by bacteroides melaninogenicus. | 2011 | 21949059 | |
| the tonsils revisited: review of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils of domestic and laboratory animals. | this paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. only in the sheep ... | 2011 | 21869895 |
| a case of wound dual infection with pasteurella dagmatis and pasteurella canis resulting from a dog bite - limitations of vitek-2 system in exact identification of pasteurella species. | background: pasteurella species, widely known as indigenous organisms in the oral and gastrointestinal floras of many wild and domestic animals, are important pathogens in both animals and humans. human infections due to pasteurella species are in most cases associated with infected injuries following animal bites. we encountered a rare case of dual infections caused by different two pasteurella species occurred in a previously healthy 25-year-old female sustaining injury by a dog-bite. - method ... | 2011 | 22112359 |
| maedi-visna virus infection in karayaka and amasya herik breed sheep from provinces in northern turkey. | maedi-visna is an important virus infection of sheep having prolonged incubation period (slow disease) and reflecting two distinct forms clinically and pathologically. in this study, the presence of mvv was investigated serologically in 58 amasya herik sheep breed and 525 karayaka sheep breed. seropositivity rates in amasya herik sheep breed and karayaka sheep breed were detected as 69.0% and 18.5%, respectively. mvv antibodies were found in 137 of 583 serum samples (23.5%). positivity rates for ... | 2011 | 22065306 |
| dna methylation status in tissues of sheep clones. | genomic imprinting and dna methylation play an important role in mammalian development. many cloned animals showed heterogeneous dna methylation profiles. however, there are fewer reports in cloned lambs because of a lack of genomic imprinting information. in this study, we investigated dna methylation patterns in cpg islands and differentially methylated regions of putative imprinted gene peg10 and imprinted genes dlk1, igf2r and h19 in cloned lambs. five organs from two cloned lambs died short ... | 2011 | 22039959 |
| evaluation of the metabolizable energy value for growing lambs of the mucuna pruriens seed and the whole pod. | whole pod and seeds of velvet bean (mucuna pruriens) were included in diets for growing sheep used to validate previously estimated me values of 9.7 mj and 12.6 mj for whole pod and seed respectively. twenty-four lambs, 15 females and nine males of 18.7 ± 2.4 kg average weight, were allocated in three treatments using a completely randomized block design with eight replicates per treatment. each group was given a diet with a ratio of 60% of napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) and 40% of a supple ... | 2011 | 21909932 |
| an overview of animal prion diseases. | prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative conditions affecting human and a wide range of animal species. the pathogenesis of prion diseases is associated with the accumulation of aggregates of misfolded conformers of host-encoded cellular prion protein (prpc). animal prion diseases include scrapie of sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) or mad cow disease, transmissible mink encephalopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy, exotic ungulate spongiform encephalopathy, c ... | 2011 | 22044871 |
| natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone decreases lung inflammation in the preterm lamb. | natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone decreases pulmonary oxidative stress in preterm lambs with respiratory distress syndrome (rds). | 2011 | 21921671 |
| Poisoning by Marsdenia hilariana and Marsdenia megalantha (Apocynaceae) in ruminants. | Neurological signs were observed in cattle consuming the roots of Marsdenia hilariana and sheep consuming leaves of Marsdenia megalantha. Similar nervous signs to those observed in spontaneous poisoning were induced experimentally by the administration of roots of M. hilariana to goats, and by the administration of leaves and roots of M. megalantha to sheep. No lesions were observed at necropsies and on histological examination of the nervous system and other tissues. | 2011 | 21930141 |
| The effect of intravenous insulin infusion on renal blood flow in conscious sheep is partially mediated by nitric oxide but not by prostaglandins. | To test the effect of insulin on renal perfusion and the participation of nitric oxide and prostaglandins as mediators of this response, renal blood flow (RBF) was measured in sheep (n = 8) implanted with ultrasonic flowprobes around renal arteries and with a systemic arterial pressure (SAP, n = 4) telemetry device. Three protocols were performed: 1) RBF and SAP recorded (0800 to 1800 h) in fed and fasted sheep where the latter received i.v. infusions (0.5 mL/min) of insulin at 2 or 6 mU/(kg•min ... | 2011 | 22064745 |
| size at birth and adult fat mass in twin sheep are determined in early gestation. | size at birth is related to adult health outcomes. twins are born smaller than singletons; this has been assumed to be secondary to limited nutrient supply in late gestation. we hypothesised that growth trajectory in twins, and the adult consequences of being conceived a twin, are determined in early gestation. twin pregnancies in sheep were randomised to reduction of one twin on day 42 of a 148 d pregnancy by intra-thoracic kcl (reductions, n=46) or a sham procedure (twins, n=22). singleton ... | 2011 | 22183720 |
| a study on the determination of risk factors associated with babesiosis and prevalence of babesia sp., by pcr amplification, in small ruminants from southern punjab (pakistan). | babesiosis is a parasitic infection due to the multiplication of tick borne parasite, babesia sp., in erythrocytes of host, which includes a wide variety of vertebrates including small ruminants causing decreased livestock output and hence economic losses. the objective of the present study was to establish a pcr based method for the detection of babesia sp. in small ruminant population in southern punjab and to determine the risk factors involve in the spread of babesiosis. a total of 107 blood ... | 2011 | 21894263 |
| Causes of abortion in Scottish sheep flocks in 2011. | 2011 | 21905292 | |
| Identification of Pasteurella multocida capsular types isolated from rabbits and other domestic animals in Mexico with respiratory diseases. | Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of pasteurellosis, a major disease in most domestic animals and livestock. In this study, a total of 34 isolates of P. multocida from rabbits and other domestic animals from Mexico with respiratory diseases underwent polymerase chain reaction-based capsular typing. One sheep isolate was found to belong to capsular serogroup D, whereas the rest of the rabbit, sheep, cattle, pig, goat, and duck isolates belonged to capsular serogroup A of P. multocida. ... | 2011 | 22068635 |
| bovine tuberculosis at a cattle-small ruminant-human interface in meskan, gurage region, central ethiopia. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in ethiopian cattle. the aim of this study was to assess btb prevalence at an intensive contact interface in meskan woreda (district) in cattle, small ruminants and suspected tb-lymphadenitis (tbln) human patients. | 2011 | 22085784 |
| distribution of lesions in fetal brains following experimental infection of pregnant sheep with toxoplasma gondii. | six ovine fetal brains were harvested 33 to 35 days postchallenge from 5 ewes, each of which was given 3000 toxoplasma gondii oocysts on day 90 of pregnancy. histopathologic examination of transverse sections taken at 13 levels in the fetal brains revealed the presence of toxoplasmosis-related lesions in all 6 brains. however, lesions were not randomly distributed (p = .007); they were most numerous at the level of the optic tract, the rostral margin of the pons, and 4 mm caudal to the ansate su ... | 2011 | 22002976 |
| reference values for echocardiographic parameters and indexes of left ventricular function in healthy, young adult sheep used in translational research: comparison with standardized values in humans. | ovine models of ischemic heart disease and cardiac failure are increasingly used in translational research. however, reliable extrapolation of the results to the clinical setting requires knowing if ovine normal left ventricular (lv) function is comparable to that of humans. we thus assessed for echocardiographic lv dimensions and indexes in a large normal adult sheep population and compared them with standardized values in normal human adults. bidimensional and tissue doppler echocardiograms we ... | 2011 | 22140597 |
| [confirmation and expression analysis of three predicted genes in sheep mhc region]. | previous dna sequencing of bac clones covering entire ovine mhc (ola) region resulted in identification of approximately 130 functional genes in the region, of which 8 were predicted by computer software to be exclusively existed in sheep, but not in any other species known to date. in the present study, we successfully identified and cloned cdna sequence of oan2, oan5, and oan6 from representative sheep tissues, confirmed their existence in reality. the sequences obtained experimentally exactly ... | 2011 | 22207381 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 populations in ruminants can be reduced by orange peel product feeding. | foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli o157:h7 are threats to the safety of beef. citrus peel and dried orange pulp are by-products from citrus juice production that have natural antimicrobial effects and are often incorporated into least-cost ration formulations for beef and dairy cattle. this study was designed to determine if orange peel and pulp affected e. coli o157:h7 populations in vivo. sheep (n = 24) were fed a cracked corn grain-based diet that was supplemented with a ... | 2011 | 22054194 |
| Incarcerated spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia. | Prolapse of abdominal viscera into the thoracic subcutis through the chest wall is known as transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia (TIH). Herein, we present the first case of spontaneous TIH presenting as a thoracoabdominal emergency. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 78-year-old male presented with acute left thoracoabdominal pain following a sudden bulge at the left posterolateral chest wall corresponding to a partially reducible soft tissue mass with ecchymosis at the overlying skin. Paroxysmal cough d ... | 2011 | 22096730 |
| serological and clinical surveillance studies to validate reported foot-and-mouth disease free status in tsirang district of bhutan. | serological and clinical studies were conducted between march 2009 and august 2010 to validate the foot-and-mouth disease free status of tsirang district of bhutan as determined by the country's passive surveillance system. randomised (first survey) and targeted (third survey) samplings, with subsequent follow-up samplings (second and fourth), were conducted on fmd-susceptible animals to detect the disease at a design prevalence of 25% and 20% at the individual animal-level and village-level, re ... | 2011 | 22172605 |
| heterozygous inverdale ewes show increased ovulation rate sensitivity to pre-mating nutrition. | this study aimed to determine whether ewes heterozygous (i+) for the inverdale mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein-15 (bmp15) gene with high natural ovulation rate (or) show similar sensitivity to nutritional manipulation as non-carriers (++). increasing pre-mating nutrition results in or increases in sheep, but whether this effect occurs in ewes with naturally high or is unknown. over 2 years, i+ or ++ ewes were given high (ad libitum) or control (maintenance) pasture allowances for 6 we ... | 2011 | 21871206 |
| bluetongue virus serotype 26: infection kinetics and pathogenesis in dorset poll sheep. | bluetongue virus serotype 26 (btv-26) has recently been isolated from sheep in kuwait. the aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity and infection kinetics of btv-26 in dorset poll sheep. six sheep were experimentally infected with btv-26 and samples taken throughout the study were used to determine the kinetics of infection using a pan specific btv real time rt-pcr assay and two group specific elisas. five of the six sheep showed mild clinical signs characteristic of bluetongue includin ... | 2011 | 22177889 |
| Automated planning of computer assisted mosaic arthroplasty. | We describe and evaluate a computer algorithm that automatically develops a surgical plan for computer assisted mosaic arthroplasty, a technically demanding procedure in which a set of osteochondral plugs are transplanted from a non-load-bearing area of the joint to the site of a cartilage defect. We found that the algorithm produced plans that were at least as good as a human expert, had less variability, and took less time. | 2011 | 22003626 |
| Clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus originating from the small ruminants goats and sheep. | Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in humans and many animal species. The prevalence of different clonal types in animal species remains largely unknown. We analyzed 267 S. aureus from intramammary infections in goats (47) and sheep (220) by spa typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility. The most frequent spa types in goats were t337 (N=9), t759 (N=6) and t1534 (N=5). Sheep isolates mainly belonged to spa types t1534 (N=72), t2678 (N=29) and t3576 (N ... | 2011 | 22112857 |
| Dietary supplementation with nonconventional feeds from the Middle East: Assessing the effects on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Awassi sheep milk and yogurt. | Increased feed costs affect the livelihoods of dairy sheep farmers in the Middle East. Farmers endure high risks with large fluctuations in the price of grain used as animal feed, which is further affected by drought and declining range productivity. Using agricultural by-products and treated straw or vetch grazing for supplementing sheep diets would provide resource-poor dairy farmers with increased options to reduce feed costs, but the effects of such feeds on the quality of yogurt (the main p ... | 2011 | 22118064 |
| Delayed cortical impairment following lipopolysaccharide exposure in preterm fetal sheep. | Preterm infants exhibit chronic deficits in white matter (WM) and cortical maturation. Although fetal infection/inflammation may contribute to WM pathology, the factors contributing to cortical changes are largely unknown. We examined the effect of fetal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on WM and cortical development as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and histopathology in fetal sheep at preterm human equivalent age. | 2011 | 22002627 |
| A Wolff in sheep's clothing: trabecular bone adaptation in response to changes in joint loading orientation. | This study tests Wolff's law of trabecular bone adaptation by examining if induced changes in joint loading orientation cause corresponding adjustments in trabecular orientation. Two groups of sheep were exercised at a trot, 15 min/day for 34 days on an inclined (7°) or level (0°) treadmills. Incline trotting caused the sheep to extend their tarsal joints by 3-4.5° during peak loading (P<0.01) but has no effect on carpal joint angle (P=0.984). Additionally, tarsal joint angle in the incline grou ... | 2011 | 21893221 |
| A laboratory training model using fresh sheep spines for pedicular screw fixation. | Abstract Background. Laboratory training models are essential for developing and refining surgical skills prior to clinical application of spinal surgery. A simple simulation model is needed for young residents to learn how to handle instruments and to perform safe posterior lumbar approaches. Our aim is to present a practical laboratory model using a fresh sheep lumbar spine that simulates the pedicular screw fixation in spine surgery. Methods. The material consists of a fresh cadaveric spine ... | 2011 | 22087885 |
| Treatment options for contagious ovine digital dermatitis. | 2011 | 22141124 | |
| UK wins concession on movement recording for older sheep. | 2011 | 22184344 | |
| Localized control of exsanguinating arterial hemorrhage: an experimental model. | To develop an arterial injury model for testing hemostatic devices at well-defined high and low bleeding rates.Material and method. A side-hole arterial injury was created in the carotid artery of sheep. Shed blood was collected in a jugular venous reservoir and bleeding rate at the site of arterial injury was controlled by regulating outflow resistance from the venous reservoir. Two models were studied: uncontrolled exsanguinating hemorrhage and bleeding at controlled rates with blood return to ... | 2011 | 22166236 |
| Morphological characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from buffalo in Iran. | SUMMARYCystic echinococcosis is a significant parasitic disease in Iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. In this study, 25 isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from water buffalo from various parts of Iran were characterized on the basis of the morphology of the metacestode and the adult worm. The characteristics of protoscoleces from the different studied areas were nearly similar. They showed 2 rows of alternating large and small hooks and their shapes were smooth ... | 2011 | 21996421 |
| Translating effects of inbreeding depression on component vital rates to overall population growth in endangered bighorn sheep. | Evidence of inbreeding depression is commonly detected from the fitness traits of animals, yet its effects on population growth rates of endangered species are rarely assessed. We examined whether inbreeding depression was affecting Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae), a subspecies listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our objectives were to characterize genetic variation in this subspecies; test whether inbreeding depression affects bighorn sheep vital ra ... | 2011 | 22070275 |
| variation in chst8 gene expression level affects prpc to prpsc conversion efficiency in prion-infected mov cells. | the conversion of the endogenous cellular prion protein to an abnormally folded isoform is a hallmark of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. it occurs when a misfolded prion protein contacts the cellular prp. among the molecular partners suggested to be involved in the misfolding process, the glycosaminoglycans seem to be good candidates. the present study was aimed to examine a possible link between prp conversion efficiency and transcript level of chst8 gene that encodes the carbohydrat ... | 2011 | 21982770 |
| foetal and post-natal exposure of sheep to sewage sludge chemicals disrupts sperm production in adulthood in a subset of animals. | exposure to ubiquitous, environmental chemicals (ecs) has been hypothesized as a cause for declining male reproductive health. understanding the long-term effects of ec exposure on reproductive health in humans requires animal models and exposure to 'real life', environmentally relevant, mixtures during development, a life stage of particular sensitivity to ecs. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in utero and post-natal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of ecs, via se ... | 2011 | 22150464 |
| molecular pharmacology of the mouse melatonin receptors mt(1) and mt(2). | the main melatonin receptors are two g-protein coupled receptors named mt(1) and mt(2). having described the molecular pharmacology of the human versions of these receptors, we turned to two of the three species most useful in studying melatonin physiology: rat and sheep (a diurnal species used to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and depression). we also employed previously used compounds to describe the mouse melatonin receptors; despite the early cloning of mouse receptors, ... | 2011 | 22202844 |
| expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-alpha in the developing pituitary gland of male sheep lamb. | to explore the expression of androgen receptor (ar) and estrogen receptor alpha (erα) in the developing pituitary of male lamb, we detected ar and erα expression in the anterior pituitary of lambs aged 2-7 months old by immunohistochemistry. the results showed that both ar immunoreactivity (ar-ir) and erα immunoreactivity (erα-ir) were localized in the nuclei of anterior pituitary cell. the percentage of the anterior pituitary cells expressing erα fluctuated from 8.79±0.02% to 11.80±0.04% during ... | 2011 | 21880440 |
| a review of poisonous plants that cause reproductive failure and malformations in the ruminants of brazil. | the objective of this review is to provide a report on toxic plants causing reproductive problems in ruminants in brazil. aspidosperma pyrifolium causes abortion or stillbirth in goats, as well as most likely in sheep and cattle, in the semiarid regions of northeastern brazil. intoxications by ateleia glazioveana, tetrapterys acutifolia and t. multiglandulosa result in abortion and neonatal mortality in cattle and sheep, and the same signs have been experimentally observed in goats. these three ... | 2011 | 22147504 |
| the effects of oral consumption of selenium nanoparticles on chemotactic and respiratory burst activities of neutrophils in comparison with sodium selenite in sheep. | the present study was designed to compare the effects of nano-selenium and of sodium selenite on the chemotactic and respiratory burst activities of neutrophils in sheep. fifteen sheep were randomly divided into three groups. groups 1 and 2 received selenium nanoparticles (1 mg/kg) or sodium selenite (1 mg/kg) orally, respectively, for ten consecutive days, and the third group was considered as the control. to determine the chemotactic and respiratory burst activities of the neutrophils, the lea ... | 2011 | 22105658 |
| unstable pyrethroid resistance in sheep body lice bovicola ovis (schrank), (phthiraptera: trichodectidae) and its implications for lice control on sheep. | a retrospective study in which the 18years treatment history of a mob of sheep hosting a pyrethroid resistant strain of sheep body lice was compared with the coincidental changes in that strain's response to cypermethrin, provided a unique opportunity to investigate the stability of pyrethroid resistance in this species. resistance levels remained very high (resistance factors (rf)=75-145) for at least five years following the cessation of pyrethroid treatments but within ten years had dropped t ... | 2011 | 22004914 |
| validation of a high-throughput real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of capripoxviral dna. | capripoxviruses, which are endemic in much of africa and asia, are the aetiological agents of economically devastating poxviral diseases in cattle, sheep and goats. the aim of this study was to validate a high-throughput real-time pcr assay for routine diagnostic use in a capripoxvirus reference laboratory. the performance of two previously published real-time pcr methods were compared using commercially available reagents including the amplification kits recommended in the original publication. ... | 2011 | 22138682 |
| lc-ms(n) analysis of isomeric chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides using a chemical derivatization strategy. | improved methods for structural analyses of glycosaminoglycans (gags) are required to understand their functional roles in various biological processes. major challenges in structural characterization of complex gag oligosaccharides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) include the accurate determination of the patterns of sulfation due to gas-phase losses of the sulfate groups upon collisional activation and inefficient on-line separation of positional sulfation isomers prior to ... | 2011 | 21953261 |
| management and environmental factors related to benzimidazole resistance in sheep nematodes in northeast spain. | a survey to determine the level of parasite resistance to benzimidazoles (bz) under field conditions was performed on 107 commercial sheep farms located in the aragon region of northeast spain. resistance was measured using the discriminant dose, a simplified form of the in vitro egg hatch assay (eha). taking into account the spatial structure of the data, a multivariate approach was applied to management and environmental variables as well as to their relationships with bz resistance levels com ... | 2011 | 21889265 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of th1 and th2 cytokines of african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) has been implicated as the reservoir of several bovine infectious agents. however, there is insufficient information on the protective immune responses in the african buffalo, particularly in infected animals. in this study, we analysed th1 cytokines il-2 and ifn-γ, and th2 cytokines il-4 and il-10. the cloned cdna of il-2, il-4, il-10 and ifn-γ contained an open reading frame of 468, 501, 408 and 540 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 155, 166, 135 and 1 ... | 2011 | 22117600 |