Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [edmond sergent's discoveries on the vectorial transmission of agents of human and animal infectious diseases]. | edmond sergent has been head of the institut pasteur in algeria from 1910 to 1963. during these years, he carried out an impressive scientific production and studied a lot of agents responsible for human, animal and plant diseases. in the field of vectorial transmission of infectious diseases, he made two essential discoveries: the transmission of cosmopolitan relapsing fever by human body louse in 1908, a year before charles nicolle discovered the transmission of the classical exanthematic typh ... | 2007 | 17727042 |
| tuberculosis outbreak in a dromedary racing herd and rapid serological detection of infected camels. | a recent outbreak of tuberculosis (tb) in a dromedary racing herd of 58 animals involved 3 infected animals. disease was confirmed at necropsy by finding gross lesions from which mycobacterium bovis (antelope type) was isolated. sera collected from the camels in this herd were used to evaluate two new serological methods, multiantigen print immunoassay (mapia) and rapid test (rt) developed using the lateral-flow technology, in comparison with the intradermal tuberculin tests. antibodies were fou ... | 2007 | 17317042 |
| effect of camel milk on residual beta-cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes. | 2007 | 17320238 | |
| lancefield group b and c streptococci in east african camels (camelus dromedarius). | seventeen lancefield group c streptococci (13 streptococcus equi zooepidemicus and four streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis) and 185 lancefield group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae) were isolated from camels (camelus dromedarius) in kenya and somalia; 59 of the isolates were from healthy nasopharynx, vaginal and rectal mucosa and from non-abscessed lymph nodes, and the other 143 isolates were from clinical infections of the respiratory tract, tick bite lesions, abscessed lymph nodes ... | 2007 | 17351174 |
| smoking expectancies for flavored and non-flavored cigarettes among college students. | several tobacco companies have introduced specially flavored cigarettes, yet little is known about their appeal among college student nonsmokers, regular smokers, and those susceptible to smoking. undergraduates (n=424) rated 12 brands of cigarettes on multiple attributes based on manufacturer advertisements. this paper focused on two brands with flavored and non-flavored versions (camel and salem). despite brand, regular smokers and those susceptible to smoking initiation had higher positive ex ... | 2007 | 17030447 |
| development and clinical evaluation of a pcr assay targeting the metalloprotease gene (mpra) of b. pseudomallei. | a pcr assay targeting the metalloprotease gene (mpra) of burkholderia pseudomallei was developed for the specific detection of this organism in pure cultures and clinical samples. all other closely related organisms including b. mallei the causative agent of glanders, and b. thailandensis tested negative. burkholderia pseudomallei dna was successfully amplified from paraffin-embedded lung tissue of a camel with a generalized b. pseudomallei infection. the developed pcr assay can be used as a sim ... | 2007 | 17359446 |
| genetic diversity and differentiation of dromedarian camel of india. | estimation of genetic variability and relationship among different livestock breeds is important for management of genetic resources for their sustainable utilization and conservation. this is more important when the livestock species, like camel, have shown a sharp decline in head count during the last decade. in the present study we estimated genetic variability and relationship among four camel breeds of india using 23 microsatellite loci. a total of 252 alleles were observed across all the f ... | 2007 | 17453647 |
| dna solution(r) in cigarette filters reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) levels in mainstream tobacco smoke. | tobacco consumption represents a major health hazard to humans and, despite anti-smoking campaigns, the number of smokers remains high; thus the reduction of toxic compounds from tobacco smoke may reduce the health hazards of smoking. in the last 25 years cigarette manufacturers have introduced a variety of filter designs to reduce toxic and carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke (normal filters, nf). however, large quantities of harmful constituents are inefficiently retained by commonly used ... | 2007 | 17459554 |
| current knowledge and future challenges in camelid reproduction. | reproductive biology research on camelids offers some interesting peculiarities and challenges to scientists and animal production specialists. the objective of this paper is to review camelid reproduction, advances in reproductive physiology and reproductive biotechnologies in camelids and discuss some areas for further research. in the female, the focus has been on understanding follicular dynamics. this has allowed development of synchronization and superovulation strategies to support embryo ... | 2007 | 17491155 |
| quality and developmental ability of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) embryos obtained by ivm/ivf, in vivo matured/ivf or in vivo matured/fertilized oocytes. | the effect of source of cumulus-oocytes-complexes (cocs), maturation and fertilization conditions on developmental competence of dromedary embryos was examined. thirty-six adult females were superovulated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg) injection (3500 iu, im) and divided in three groups of 12 females each. group 1 provided 138 coc's collected from follicles >or= 5 mm 10 days after stimulation prior hcg treatment and matured in vitro for 30 h. group 2 provided 120 in vivo matured oocyte ... | 2007 | 17506804 |
| distribution of the internal pudendal artery in male and female llama (lama glama). | the aim of this research has been to describe the internal pudendal artery distribution in male and female llama and to compare it with that of other domestic animals including the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). the arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster and preserved in a solution of a 10% formalin, 3% carbolic acid and 3% glycerine. the systematic dissection was made using traditional working techniques and standard instruments. the internal pudendal arte ... | 2007 | 17534039 |
| increasing physician engagement. using norms of physician culture to improve relationships with medical staff. | comments on the 2004 survey identified that physicians thought it was too early to judge whether the new structure itself was successful. this year, the survey will be repeated to measure the effectiveness of the new structure and to help administrators set goals to further improve physician engagement levels. meanwhile, mercy & unity is using the tenets of the physician compact, elements of physician culture, and elements of administrative culture to inform new process-improvement activities. m ... | 2007 | 17539561 |
| culture-positive sepsis in neonatal camelids: 21 cases. | there is limited literature on neonatal bacterial sepsis in new world (nw) camelids. | 2007 | 17552461 |
| alpaca (lama pacos) as a convenient source of recombinant camelid heavy chain antibodies (vhhs). | recombinant single domain antibody fragments (vhhs) that derive from the unusual camelid heavy chain only igg class (hcabs) have many favourable properties compared with single-chain antibodies prepared from conventional igg. as a result, vhhs have become widely used as binding reagents and are beginning to show potential as therapeutic agents. to date, the source of vhh genetic material has been camels and llamas despite their large size and limited availability. here we demonstrate that the sm ... | 2007 | 17568607 |
| improved anti-igg and hsa affinity ligands: clinical application of vhh antibody technology. | large scale, highly specific purification of valuable proteins from blood and removal of undesirable components promise to have wide therapeutic applications. moreover, depletion of bulk proteins from blood is a prerequisite for clinical proteomics. here we describe the development of specific, high affinity camelid antibody fragments (vhh) derived from immune libraries for purification and depletion of the bulk protein hsa and igg from human serum and plasma for therapeutic and research purpose ... | 2007 | 17570391 |
| eimeria macusaniensis infection in 15 llamas and 34 alpacas. | 15 llamas and 34 alpacas between 3 weeks and 18 years old with fecal oocysts or intestinal coccidial stages morphologically consistent with eimeria macusaniensis were examined. nineteen of the camelids were admitted dead, and 30 were admitted alive. camelids admitted alive accounted for 5.5% of all camelid admissions during this period. | 2007 | 17199499 |
| morphology of dromedary camel oocytes and their ability to spontaneous and chemical parthenogenetic activation. | the present work was conducted to examine (1) the morphology of dromedary cumulus-oocytes complexes (cocs), (2) to study the incidence of spontaneous development of oocytes in vivo and (3) to assess the ability of in vitro matured dromedary oocytes to chemical parthenogenetic activation compared with in vitro fertilized (ivf) oocytes. cocs were recovered from dromedary ovaries classified according to their morphology into six categories. oocyte diameter was measured using eye piece micrometer. f ... | 2007 | 17214780 |
| protein-protein recognition and interaction hot spots in an antigen-antibody complex: free energy decomposition identifies "efficient amino acids". | the molecular mechanics poisson-boltzmann surface area (mm/pbsa) method was applied to the study of the protein-protein complex between a camelid single chain variable domain (cab-lys3) and hen egg white lysozyme (hel), and between cab-lys3 and turkey egg white lysozyme (tel). the electrostatic energy was estimated by solving the linear poisson-boltzmann equation. a free energy decomposition scheme was developed to determine binding energy hot spots of each complex. the calculations identified a ... | 2007 | 17256770 |
| light and electron microscopic studies of the trachea in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | histology of trachea of camel (camelus dromedarius) was studied using light, scanning (sem) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). tissue samples taken from the trachea (proximal, middle and distal part) were routinely prepared for histology (lm, em) and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, van giesson (vg), alcian blue, periodic acid schiff (pas), masson's trichrome (mt), verhof, pas-vg and pas-mt. the trachea of camel consists of 66-75 incomplete cartilaginous rings of hyaline. the lamina ... | 2007 | 17266660 |
| early embryonic development of the camel lumbar spinal cord segment. | the lumbar spinal cord segment of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) embryos at 2.4- to 28-cm crown vertebral rump length (cvrl) was examined. major changes are occurring in the organization of the lumbar spinal cord segment at this early developmental period. at first, the spinal cord is flattened from side to side but with increase in gestational age it becomes flattened dorsoventrally. the size and shape of the lumen changes in indifferent stage of development. these changes may be in ... | 2007 | 17266667 |
| development of the mesonephros in camel (camelus dromedarius). | the study of the development of the mesonephros in the camel (camelus dromedarius) was carried out on 16 embryos ranging from 0.9 to 8.6 cm crown vertebral rump length (cvrl). at 0.9 cm cvrl, the mesonephros is represented by a narrow strip along the roof of the thoracolumbar part of the vertebral column. at 1.4 cm cvrl, some of the mesonephric tubules are canalized but others are still solid. the mesonephric corpuscles are well developed at 1.9 cm cvrl and occupy almost the entire abdominal cav ... | 2007 | 17266670 |
| purification and characterization of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the dromedary camel. | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) (ec 1.2.1.12), a key enzyme of carbon metabolism, was purified and characterized to homogeneity from skeletal muscle of camelus dromedarius. the protein was purified approximately 26.8 folds by conventional ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by blue sepharose cl-6b chromatography, and its physical and kinetic properties were investigated. the native protein is a homotetramer with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 146 kda. isoelec ... | 2007 | 17277890 |
| mammary and pulmonary carcinoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | 2007 | 17300460 | |
| synovial fluid analysis and bacterial findings in arthritic joints of juvenile male camel (camelus dromedarius) calves. | eighteen synovial fluid samples from 11 male dromedarian calves, 9-12 month old, were analysed cytologically and bacteriologically. calves were lame and all joints were grossly swollen. the mean +/- sd of total nucleated cell count was 7970 +/- 5000 cells/microl (range 2800-20,000 cells/microl). polymorphonuclear (pmn) leucocytes were the predominant cell type. the mean +/- sd of absolute and percentages of each cell type were as follows: pmn leucocytes 5518 +/- 3600 cells/microl and 68 +/- 19%, ... | 2007 | 17305968 |
| production and characterization of anti-(mucin muc1) single-domain antibody in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cultivar xanthi). | members of the camelidae (camels, dromedaries, llamas, alpacas, guanacos and vicunas) are known to produce igs (immunoglobulins) devoid of light chains and ch1s (constant heavy-chain domains). the antigen-specific binding fragments of these heavy-chain antibodies therefore comprise one single domain (the so-called 'vhh') and are of great importance in biotechnological applications. to evaluate the expression and biological activity of sdabs (single-domain antibodies) in plants, which, on account ... | 2007 | 17073735 |
| zero prevalence of diabetes in camel milk consuming raica community of north-west rajasthan, india. | preliminary trials reflected the low prevalence of diabetes in raica community consuming camel milk habitually. our objective was to describe the prevalence and clinical factors associated with impaired fasting glucose (ifg), impaired glucose tolerance (igt) and diabetes (dm) among adults (>or=20 years) in large population group. | 2007 | 17098321 |
| disaccharidase activities in camel small intestine: biochemical investigations of maltase-glucoamylase activity. | disaccharidases (maltase, cellobiase, lactase, and sucrase), alpha-amylase, and glucoamylase in the camel small intestine were investigated to integrate the enzymatic digestion profile in camel. high activities were detected for maltase and glucoamylase, followed by moderate levels of sucrase and alpha-amylase. very low activity levels were detected for lactase and cellobiase. camel intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (mg) was purified by deae-sepharose and sephacryl s-200 columns. the molecular wei ... | 2007 | 17098455 |
| antibody constructs in cancer therapy: protein engineering strategies to improve exposure in solid tumors. | whereas over 85% of human cancers are solid tumors, of the 8 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) currently approved for cancer therapy, 25% are directed at solid tumor surface antigens (ags). this shortfall may be due to barriers to achieving adequate exposure in solid tumors. advancements in tumor biology, protein engineering, and theoretical modeling of macromolecular transport are currently enabling identification of critical physical properties for antitumor abs. it is now possible to structurally ... | 2007 | 17154393 |
| a molecular phylogeny of the genus echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. | taxonomic revision by molecular phylogeny is needed to categorize members of the genus echinococcus (cestoda: taeniidae). we have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of e. oligarthrus, e. vogeli, e. multilocularis, e. shiquicus, e. equinus, e. ortleppi, e. granulosus sensu stricto and 3 genotypes of e. granulosus sensu lato (g6, g7 and g8) from their complete mitochondrial genomes. maximum likelihood and partitioned bayesian analyses using concatenated data sets of nucleotide and amino ... | 2007 | 17156584 |
| distribution patterns of the glucose transporters glut4 and glut1 in skeletal muscles of rats (rattus norvegicus), pigs (sus scrofa), cows (bos taurus), adult goats, goat kids (capra hircus), and camels (camelus dromedarius). | earlier studies demonstrated that forestomach herbivores are less insulin sensitive than monogastric omnivores. the present study was carried out to determine if different distribution patterns of the glucose transporters glut1 and glut4 may contribute to these different insulin sensitivities. western blotting was used to measure glut1 and glut4 protein contents in oxidative (masseter, diaphragm) and glycolytic (longissimus lumborum, semitendinosus) skeletal muscle membranes of monogastric omniv ... | 2007 | 17158080 |
| serum hormonal, electrolytes and trace element profiles in the rutting and non-rutting one-humped male camel (camelus dromedarius). | the camel is known to be a seasonal breeder and, in the male camel, the breeding activity maximizes during the rutting period (winter and spring seasons). during the non-rutting period (summer and autumn), however, the breeding activity almost ceases completely. serum steroid hormonal, electrolytes and trace element profiles were studied in 16 adult male camels aged 5-9 years, slaughtered during the rutting (n=8) and non-rutting periods (n=8). moreover, testicular and epididymal tissue contents ... | 2007 | 17161564 |
| study on the antioxidant status of rats experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. | the antioxidant status of rats experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi isolated from a camel was studied using established parasitological, haematological and biochemical methods. the results indicated that infections in all rats resulted in a fulminating parasitaemia. changes in blood parameters in t. evansi-infected rats indicated leukocytosis and a macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. a degree of anisocytosis was also observed. the activities of plasma glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ... | 2007 | 17169491 |
| genetic relationship of torque teno virus (ttv) between humans and camels in united arab emirates (uae). | torque teno virus (ttv) species-cross infection has been documented. however, the genetic relationship between human and animal ttv remains uncertain. in this study, genotypic characterization of ttv in different camel specimens from the united arab emirates (uae) was undertaken for comparison with human uae ttv. a total of 56 specimens: 34 sera, 14 raw, and 8 pasteurized milk samples were tested for ttv. the results showed that the rate of infection was, 38.2% (13/34), 35.7% (5/14), and 100% (8 ... | 2007 | 17177296 |
| lactoferrin and immunoglobulin contents in camel's milk (camelus bactrianus, camelus dromedarius, and hybrids) from kazakhstan. | lactoferrin (lf) and igg were estimated in camel's milk from kazakhstan, where 2 species of camels (camelus bactrianus, camelus dromedarius) and their hybrids cohabit. the concentrations of lf and igg were determined according to 3 variation factors: region (n = 4), season (n = 4), and species (n = 5; sample 4 was mixed milk and sample 5 was of unknown origin). the mean values in raw camel's milk were 0.229 +/- 0.135 mg/ml for lf concentration and 0.718 +/- 0.330 mg/ml for igg concentration. the ... | 2007 | 17183073 |
| pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin in plasma and milk in lactating camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2007 | 17187240 | |
| comparing smoking behaviors and exposures from flavored and unflavored cigarettes. | cigarettes with flavors such as mocha and citrus have been introduced in growing numbers. besides their potential marketing appeal to nonsmokers, there is concern that flavors might mask smoke harshness, making inhalation easier. this pilot study evaluates differences in puff topography and cigarette ratings among 20 college student smokers smoking camel light (10mg tar, 0.9 mg nicotine, 35% filter ventilation) and camel exotic blend cigarettes (11 mg tar, 0.9 mg nicotine, 23% filter ventilation ... | 2007 | 16839697 |
| studies of thermostability in camelus bactrianus (bactrian camel) single-domain antibody specific for the mutant epidermal-growth-factor receptor expressed by pichia. | camelids have a unique immune system capable of producing heavy-chain antibodies lacking the light chains and ch1 (constant heavy-chain domain 1). it has been shown that, in contrast with conventional antibody fragments, the variable domains of these heavy-chain antibodies are functional at or after exposure to high temperatures. in the present study, the vhh (variable domain of heavy-chain antibody) camel antibody was subcloned into vector ppiczc and expressed in pichia pastoris. orb1-83 vhh an ... | 2007 | 16848761 |
| increased heterologous protein production by saccharomyces cerevisiae growing on ethanol as sole carbon source. | saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used host organism for the production of heterologous proteins, often cultivated in glucose-based fed-batch processes. this production system however has many factors limiting the productivity, mainly towards the end of the fermentation. for the optimised production of a camelid antibody fragment this process was evaluated. in shake flask cultivations, it was found that ethanol has a strong effect on productivity increase and therefore glucose and ethanol fed ... | 2007 | 16948170 |
| effect of follicular size on in vitro developmental competence of oocytes and viability of embryos after transfer in the dromedary (camelus dromedarius). | the aim of this work was to determine the effect of follicle size on camel oocyte quality as measured by developmental competence in vitro and in vivo. ovaries from a local slaughterhouse were dissected to obtain two classes of follicle size: small (3-6 mm) and large (>6 mm) follicles. quality of the oocytes was assessed after in vitro maturation (ivm), in vitro fertilization (ivf) and in vitro culture (ivc) of cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs). all cultures were done in four replicates at 38.5 de ... | 2007 | 16889909 |
| generation of llama single-domain antibodies against methotrexate, a prototypical hapten. | single-domain antibodies specific to methotrexate (mtx) were obtained after immunization of one llama (llama glama). specific vhh domains (v-d-j-region) were selected by panning from an immune-llama library using phage display technology. the antibody fragments specific to mtx were purified from escherichia coli (c41 strain) periplasm by immobilized metal affinity chromatography with an expression level of around 10mg/l. a single band around 16,000da corresponding to vhh fragments was found afte ... | 2007 | 17011035 |
| taxonomic position and geographical distribution of the common sheep g1 and camel g6 strains of echinococcus granulosus in three african countries. | the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of echinococcus granulosus strains are still controversial and under discussion. in the present study, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of e. granulosus isolates originating from three countries of africa, including a region of algeria, where the common g1 sheep and the camel g6 strains coexist sympatrically. seventy-one hydatid cysts were collected from sheep, cattle, camels, and humans. two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and nad1) were used for strain ... | 2007 | 17016727 |
| complete cdna sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the th1 and th2 cytokines of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the complementary dnas of the th1 (il-2, il-12p35, and ifn-gamma) and th2 (il-4, il-10 and il-13) cytokine genes of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. il-2, il-4, il-10, il-12p35, il-13, and ifn-gamma were found to have 465, 402, 537, 669, 411, and 501 bp length open reading frames with 154, 133, 178, 222, 136, and 166 amino acid encodings, respectively. the homology ranged from 58.8% to 100% between the nucleotide sequences of the camel cytokine genes ... | 2006 | 17019063 |
| efficacy of training in theriogenology as determined by a survey of veterinarians. | to determine whether veterinarians perceive that theriogenology training at veterinary medical schools in north america and the caribbean is adequate for achievement of theriogenology skills commonly used in private practice. | 2006 | 16910848 |
| vertebral osteoma in a dromedary camel. | a case of vertebral osteoma observed in a female 4-year-old dromedary camel is presented. the patient showed a progressive ataxia, incoordination and finally a permanent recumbence position. treatment was unfruitful and the animal was humanely euthanized. postmortem examination revealed an expansive growth at vertebral body of the 10th thoracic vertebra, which was histologically classified as an osteoma. to the author's knowledge, this would be the first description of an osteoma in a camelid sp ... | 2006 | 16922833 |
| biochemical and structural comparative study between bird and mammal pancreatic colipases. | three colipases were purified from pancreas of two birds (ostrich and turkey) and one mammal (dromedary). after acidic and/or heat treatment and precipitation by sulfate ammonium and then ethanol, cofactors were purified by sephadex g-50 gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography first on mono s and then on mono q. one molecular form was obtained from each species with a molecular mass of approximately 10 kda. cofactors were not glycosylated. the n-terminal sequences of the three pur ... | 2006 | 16957180 |
| cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in clinically normal tarsal joints of young camels (camelus dromedarius). | camels are important in the racing industry and for milk, meat, and hair production in the middle east. evaluation of synovial fluid is an important part of the assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in this species. information in the literature regarding synovial fluid in camels is limited. | 2006 | 16967418 |
| improving solubility and refolding efficiency of human v(h)s by a novel mutational approach. | the antibody v(h) domains of camelids tend to be soluble and to resist aggregation, in contrast to human v(h) domains. for immunotherapy, attempts have therefore been made to improve the properties of human v(h)s by camelization of a small set of framework residues. here, we have identified through sequence comparison of well-folded llama v(h) domains an alternative set of residues (not typically camelid) for mutation. thus, the solubility and thermal refolding efficiency of a typical human v(h) ... | 2006 | 16971398 |
| camel tuberculosis--a case report. | an adult male dromedary bull was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (tb). the dromedary was severely emaciated and died 2 months after the onset of the disease. it exhibited typical tb lesions in both lungs and lung lymph nodes. a guinea pig inoculated with lung tissue from thetb camel died after 3 weeks from typical tb. mycobacteria were isolated from the dromedary's lung and lung lymph nodes and also from different organs of the guinea pig. the microorganism was identified as member of the ... | 2006 | 16986768 |
| outbreak of tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium caprae in a zoological garden. | in the autumn of 2004, tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium caprae occurred in a zoo in slovenia. a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) was killed after a history of progressive emaciation. necropsy findings indicated disseminated tuberculosis, which was confirmed by cultivation of m. caprae. consequently, a tuberculin skin test was performed in all epidemiologically linked animals and another dromedary camel and six bison (bison bison) were positive and killed. mycobacterium caprae was isolat ... | 2006 | 17010043 |
| reliable and controllable antibody fragment selections from camelid non-immune libraries for target validation. | with the completion of the sequence of the human genome, emphasis is now switching to the human proteome. however, the number of proteins is not only larger than mrnas in the transcriptome, proteins need often to be in complex with other proteins to be functional. a favourable option to study proteins in their natural context is with a combination of biochemical and microscopic techniques using specific antibodies. therefore, we designed a fast, reliable and controllable selection and screening ... | 2006 | 16872921 |
| a camel passes through the eye of a needle: protein unfolding activity of clp atpases. | clp atpases are protein machines involved in protein degradation and disaggregation. the common structural feature of clp atpases is the formation of ring-shaped oligomers. recent work has shown that the function of all clp atpases is based on an energy-dependent threading of substrates through the narrow pore at the centre of the ring. this review gives an outline of known mechanistic principles of threading machines that unfold protein substrates either before their degradation (clpa, clpx, hs ... | 2006 | 16879409 |
| motor vehicle collisions with large animals. | motor vehicle collisions mvc with large animals are a worldwide problem. in this review, we aim to analyze the mechanisms and patterns of human injuries caused by mvc with large animals and various ways to prevent them. reported studies on large animals that can cause such accidents include the moose, camels, deer, and kangaroos. the moose causes a typical rear-and downward deformity of the roof of the car. the camel falls on the roof of the car causing cervical and head injury to the occupants. ... | 2006 | 16883436 |
| malaysia: camel tourism trick. | 2006 | 16885572 | |
| purification and biochemical characterization of phospholipase a2 from dromedary pancreas. | dromedary pancreatic pla2 (drpla2) was purified from delipidated pancreases. pure protein was obtained after heat and acidic treatment (70 degrees c; ph 3.0), precipitation by ammonium sulphate and ethanol respectively, followed by sequential column chromatographies on sephadex g-50, monos sepharose, monoq sepharose and c-8 reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. purified drpla2, which is not glycosylated protein, was found to be monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 13748.55 da. ... | 2006 | 16733083 |
| formatted anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha vhh proteins derived from camelids show superior potency and targeting to inflamed joints in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. | the advent of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-blocking drugs has provided rheumatologists with an effective, but highly expensive, treatment for the management of established rheumatoid arthritis (ra). our aim was to explore preclinically the application of camelid anti-tnf vhh proteins, which are single-domain antigen binding (vhh) proteins homologous to human immunoglobulin v(h) domains, as tnf antagonists in a mouse model of ra. | 2006 | 16736523 |
| protein complex compositions predicted by structural similarity. | proteins function through interactions with other molecules. thus, the network of physical interactions among proteins is of great interest to both experimental and computational biologists. here we present structure-based predictions of 3387 binary and 1234 higher order protein complexes in saccharomyces cerevisiae involving 924 and 195 proteins, respectively. to generate candidate complexes, comparative models of individual proteins were built and combined together using complexes of known str ... | 2006 | 16738133 |
| genetic differences between tunisian camel and sheep strains of the cestode echinococcus granulosus revealed by sscp. | ovine and dromedary echinococcus granulosus isolates from tunisia were identified as g1 and g6 strains based on polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase co1. single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) was used in order to examine the genetic variation within and between tunisian g1 and g6 strains and to estimate the extent of selfing. the dromedary isolates are genetically distinct from sheep isolates (high value of genetic variation between populations: fst= 0.46). no signific ... | 2006 | 16800121 |
| isolation and characterization of a thermally stable recombinant anti-caffeine heavy-chain antibody fragment. | we have isolated and characterized a caffeine-specific, heavy-chain-only antibody fragment (v(hh)) from llama that is capable of being utilized to analyze caffeine in hot and cold beverages. camelid species (llama and camel) were selected for immunization because of their potential to make heat-stable, heavy-chain-only antibodies. llamas and camels were immunized with caffeine covalently linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and recombinant antibody techniques were used to create phage displayed ... | 2006 | 16808459 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus isolates of cervid origin from finland and sweden. | the species echinococcus granulosus is made up of several genotypic strain groups, whose taxonomical classification is still undetermined. genotypes in the cervid-wolf life-cycle are poorly known, especially in europe. in this study, 33 echinococcus isolates from cervids from finland and sweden were characterized using mitochondrial nd1 gene sequencing. in addition, phylogenetic analysis of e. granulosus strains using the mitochondrial atp6, nd1, nd3 and co1 genes was performed using maximum lik ... | 2006 | 16834793 |
| geomyces pannorum as a possible causative agent of dermatomycosis and onychomycosis in two patients. | chrysosporium pannorum (link) hughes is a soil keratinophilic fungus present in organic residues, on human skin surface and in the general environment of human beings. clear evidence for the pathogenicity of this fungus for human beings was lacking. in 1999, a case of fungal infection in a chow-chow dog and its owner was published, where chrysosporium pannorum (link) hughes was determined as the only possible infection trigger. the state hygiene institute in bratislava repeatedly confirmed the c ... | 2006 | 16603097 |
| conserved and non-conserved loci of the glucagon gene in old world ruminating ungulates. | the homology and diversification of genomic sequence encoding glucagon gene among native egyptian buffalos, camel and sheep were tested using cattle as model. oligodeoxynucleotide primers designed from the available genbank data were used for pcr probing of the glucagon gene encoding sequence at different loci. the dna oligomer probes were constructed to flank either the whole gene encoding sequence or different intra-gene encoding sequences. the pcr products were visualized using agarose gel el ... | 2006 | 16610231 |
| heterogeneous nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed by bovine oocytes and camel (camelus bactrianus) skin fibroblasts and their subsequent development. | this study reconstructed heterogeneous embryos using camel skin fibroblast cells as donor karyoplasts and the bovine oocytes as recipient cytoplasts to investigate the reprogramming of camel somatic cell nuclei in bovine oocyte cytoplasm and the developmental potential of the reconstructed embryos. serum-starved skin fibroblast cells, obtained from adult camel, were electrically fused into enucleated bovine metaphase ii (mii) oocytes that were matured in vitro. the fused eggs were activated by i ... | 2006 | 16618206 |
| effectiveness of a tris-based extender (shotor diluent) for the preservation of bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) semen. | the development of a suitable semen extender is required to extend artificial breeding programs and to preserve the genetic potential of bactrian camel. experiments were conducted to provide the optimal osmolality and ph of tris-based extender and to compare that with available extenders for short-term preservation of bactrian camel semen at 4 degrees c during 24 h. in experiments i and ii, the effects of varying osmolalities (270, 300, 330, 360, and 390 mosm/kg) and phs (5.5, 6, 6.9, 7.5, 7.9, ... | 2006 | 16647050 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after a single intramuscular administration at two dosages to camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2006 | 16669868 | |
| construction and evaluation of novel fusion proteins for targeted delivery of micro particles to cellulose surfaces. | the use of igg antibodies and fragments has been limited to specific sectors of the biotechnology industry due to the high cost of producing large batches of product necessary for alternative applications. a novel class of camelid antibodies, known as v(hh) offer a more economical opportunity to meet a wider application in industry. in this study, we report the evaluation of four llama v(hh)-cellulose binding domain fusion proteins displaying varying formats of v(hh) and cbd domains. proteins we ... | 2006 | 16673421 |
| cloning and characterization of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) neonatal fc receptor (drfcrn). | the full length cdna of the dromedary neonatal fc receptor (drfcrn) alpha chain was isolated and found that it is similar to the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn) of other species with a high overall similarity to ruminant fcrn alpha chains. the drfcrn/fc contact residues are highly conserved and predicted to bind both conventional (igg1) and heavy chain (igg2a, igg3) antibodies. using immunohistochemistry, we detected its expression in the hepatocytes and in epithelial cells of portal bile ductuli an ... | 2006 | 16690125 |
| infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids. | reproductive losses in camelids are due to infertility, pregnancy loss, udder diseases and neonatal mortality caused by a variety of infectious diseases. uterine infection and abortion represent the major complaint in camelid veterinary practice. the major infectious organisms in endometritis and metritis are e. coli and streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. abortion rates due to infectious diseases vary from 10% to more than 70% in some areas. leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydiosi ... | 2006 | 16697037 |
| a simple and rapid method for detection of trypanosoma evansi in the dromedary camel using a nested polymerase chain reaction. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr)-based assay, was developed and evaluated for rapid detection of trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected mice and naturally infected camels (camelus dromedarius). four oligonucleotide primers (te1, te2, te3 and te4), selected from nuclear repetitive gene of t. evansi, were designed and used for pcr amplifications. the first amplification, using a pair of outer primers te1 and te2, produced a 821-bp primary pcr product from t. evansi dna. the second ... | 2006 | 16712737 |
| dromedary glycosaminoglycans: molecular characterization of camel lung and liver heparan sulfate. | glycosaminoglycans (gags) are the portion of a proteoglycan that determine its final shape and function. the molecular structure of predominant gag species in camel liver and lung is reported for the first time. the one-humped camel survives in an extreme, arid habitat and, thus, offers a good model to study the role of glycomics on homeostasis. heparan sulfate (hs) from the lung and liver of the one-humped camel were isolated. characterization of these newly isolated glycosaminoglycans included ... | 2006 | 16298150 |
| sequence analysis of utr and coding region of kappa-casein gene of indian riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis). | in this study, complete nucleotide as well as derived amino acid sequence characterization of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) kappa-casein gene has been presented. kappa-casein cdna clones were identified and isolated from a buffalo lactating mammary gland cdna library. sequence analysis of kappa-casein cdna revealed 850 nucleotides with an open reading frame (orf) of 573 nucleotides, encoding mature peptide of 169 amino acids. the 5' untranslated region (utr) comprised 71 nucleotides, while 3' ... | 2006 | 17076250 |
| adenosine deaminase from camel tick hyalomma dromedarii: purification and characterization. | adenosine deaminase is involved in purine metabolism and is a key enzyme for the control of the cellular levels of adenosine. adenosine deaminase activity showed significant changes during embryogenesis of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii. from the elution profile of chromatography on deae-sepharose, three forms of enzyme (adai, adaii and adaiii) were separated. adaii was purified to homogeneity after chromatography on sephacryl s-200. the molecular mass of adenosine deaminase adaii was 42 kda ... | 2006 | 17089216 |
| [an oligonucleotide microarray for detection and discrimination of orthopoxviruses based on oligonucleotide sequences of two viral genes]. | an oligonucleotide microarray for detection and identification of orthopoxviruses was developed. genus specific and orthopoxvirus species-specific regions of the genes encoding chemokine binding and alpha/beta-interferon binding proteins were used as a target. the developed microarray allows the variola, monkeypox, cowpox, vaccinia, camel-pox and ectromelia (mousepox) viruses to be distinguished with a high degree of reliability. | 2006 | 17094655 |
| detection of genetic polymorphism among and within echinococcus granulosus strains by heteroduplex analysis of a microsatellite from the u1 snrna genes. | polymerase chain reaction of a pentanucleotide microsatellite in the u1 snrna gene complex generated a multiple band pattern due to the priming of paralogous sequences. denaturation and slow renaturation of polymerase chain reaction products allow the formation of heteroduplex dna that can be detected by its differential mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. heteroduplex analysis was used to determine if the u1 snrna microsatellite could be a useful genetic marker in echinococcus granu ... | 2006 | 17117370 |
| contribution to the study of camel milk fat globule membrane. | the camel milk fat globule membrane has been characterized according to several approaches. compared with the cow milk fat globule membrane, various specificities have been revealed. its physicochemical composition showed a poor content in proteins, and a higher content in neutral lipids and in phospholipids. the mechanical properties measured at low (4 degrees c, 20 degrees c) and high temperatures (40 degrees c, 45 degrees c and 50 degrees c) using a film balance are different when the camel m ... | 2006 | 17135029 |
| prevalence of trypanosoma evansi infection in equines and camels in the punjab region, pakistan. | a cross-sectional study has been carried out in order to determine the prevalence of trypanosoma evansi infection in susceptible hosts in the punjab region (pakistan). a total of 170 equines and 150 dromedary camels were examined. five (3.3%) and 6 (4%) camels were positive at parasitological and serological examination, respectively. none of the equines tested positive at any method. these results seem to indicate that t. evansi infection has a relatively low prevalence in the punjab region. ho ... | 2006 | 17135532 |
| clinical, hematological, and biochemical findings in an outbreak of abortion and neonatal mortality associated with trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels. | this article presents the clinical and laboratorial findings in an outbreak of abortions and high neonatal mortality attributable to trypanosoma evansi infection in camels. a total of 16 females were diagnosed, 2 of which showed moderate signs of chronic form, particularly hyporexia and intolerance to exercise. the main laboratorial findings were regenerative anemia (hemolytic anemia), lymphocytic and monocytic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoglycemia, serum urea increased ... | 2006 | 17135533 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis in slaughtered one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) in iran. | 2006 | 17137132 | |
| effect of high-calorie diet on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the one-humped camel is a typical desert animal. it has the capability of withstanding the harsh climatic changes and the scarcity of food and water, in addition to the high-ambient temperature. the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in two different groups of the one-humped camel, group (a) control (n = 102) camels and group (b) high-calorie diet-fed camels (n = 103), in al-ain region (uae) was studied using biochemical and radioimmunoassay techniques. in this article, 7% of the control camels hav ... | 2006 | 17151318 |
| a con a- purified hydatid glycoprotein fraction effectively diagnoses human hydatidosis. | diagnosis and quantification of echinococcus granulosus infection in man and animal hosts are centralized to feasible control. this study included 93 serum samples, 25 sure positive hydatid cases confirmed surgically, 7 suspected cases diagnosed by indirect haemagglutination iha and 41 cases other parasitic infections (15 s. mansoni, 8 fasciola, 7 ascaris, 5 h. nana & 6 ancylostoma) diagnosed by microscopic examination and were negative by elisa and/or iha for anti-hydatid antibody. twenty negat ... | 2006 | 17153705 |
| the socio-economic impact of important camel diseases as perceived by a pastoralist community in kenya. | this paper presents the results of a study conducted in a pastoral community in kenya using participatory appraisal approaches. the objective of the study was to assess the socio-economic impact of camel trypanosomosis (surra) according to the perceptions of the pastoralists. four livestock grazing units were conveniently selected and in each of them, three groups of key informants comprising five to eight persons were selected for the participatory exercises. five camel diseases were listed in ... | 2006 | 17283727 |
| hydatidosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at sirt abattoir, libya. | fifty out of 1380 (3.62 %) local bred camels (camelus dromedarius) harboured hydatid cysts of echinococcus granulosus. prevalence in males was 3.07 %, in females was 4.42 % and overall prevalence rate was 3.62%. infection was higher in age group 1 <3 years than others. the most commonly infected organs were lungs 46% followed by liver 24%, both liver and lungs constituted 30% of infection. hydatid cysts of lungs had a higher fertility rate (85.77%) than those of liver (14.23%). the mean number o ... | 2006 | 17366866 |
| cytogenetic characterization of alpaca (lama pacos, fam. camelidae) prometaphase chromosomes. | the present study provides specific cytogenetic information on prometaphase chromosomes of the alpaca (lama pacos, fam. camelidae, 2n = 74) that forms a basis for future work on karyotype standardization and gene mapping of the species, as well as for comparative studies and future genetic improvement programs within the family camelidae. based on the centromeric index (ci) measurements, alpaca chromosomes have been classified into four groups: group a, subtelocentrics, from pair 1 to 10; group ... | 2006 | 17065795 |
| [international congress on george joseph camel (1661-1706). brno, 8-10 june 2006]. | 2006 | 17357252 | |
| cloning and characterization of alpha(s2)-casein gene of riverine buffalo. | the present study was carried out to characterize the alpha(s2)-casein gene in riverine buffalo. total rna was extracted from the mammary tissue of buffalo and alpha(s2)-casein cdna were synthesized by rt-pcr, then cloned using pdrive-cloning vector and sequenced. the sequencing revealed that the size of alpha(s2)-casein was 669 bp with gc content of 41.11%. the gene encoded for 222 amino acid precursors and that it possessed 15 amino acids signal peptide. the similarity of buffalo alpha(s2)-cas ... | 2006 | 17381047 |
| antioxidant levels in tissues of young and adult camels (camelus dromedarius). | in this study, we measured the concentration of some antioxidant substances in erythrocytes hemolysate, liver, kidney and brain in young and adult camels. it has been found that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod) and the concentration of glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol are high in both young and adult camels. gsh-px and cat activities were higher in adult camels than in the young whereas no significa ... | 2006 | 17451163 |
| parasites of the camel in burkina faso. | 2006 | 17405624 | |
| [geography and host distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the tarim basin]. | to determine the infective status and natural distribution of xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (xhf; crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, cchf) in ticks, rodents and livestock in the tarim basin. | 2006 | 17415983 |
| characterization of sialidase from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma vivax. | sialidase (ec: 3.2.1.18) from trypanosoma vivax (agari strain) was isolated from bloodstream forms of the parasite and purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. the enzyme was purified 77-fold with a yield of 32% and co-eluted as a 66-kda protein from a sephadex g 110 column. the t. vivax sialidase was optimally active at 37 degrees c with an activation energy (e(a)) of 26.2 kj mole(-1). the ph activity profile was broad with optimal activity at 6.5. the enzyme was activated by dithiothr ... | 2006 | 15898128 |
| information content versus relational knowledge: semantic deficits in patients with alzheimer's disease. | studies of semantic impairment in alzheimer's disease (ad) have yielded conflicting results, some finding evidence of considerable deficits, others finding that semantic knowledge is relatively intact. how do we reconcile findings from picture naming tasks that seem to indicate semantic impairment in ad with results from certain sorting tasks that suggest intact semantics? to investigate the basis of the contradictory results described above, we conducted a study using two types of tasks: (1) pi ... | 2006 | 15925392 |
| characterization of trypanosoma evansi type b. | a distinctive feature of trypanosoma evansi is the possession of a kinetoplast that contains homogeneous dna minicircles, but lacks dna maxicircles. two major sequence variants of the minicircle have been described and here we have sequenced the type b variant and designed a specific pcr test to distinguish it from type a. further a test based on maxicircles to distinguish t. brucei brucei from t. evansi was designed and evaluated. using the designed pcr tests, we detected three type b isolates ... | 2006 | 16157514 |
| in vivo and in vitro metabolism of dexamethasone in the camel. | the metabolism of dexamethasone (dxm) in the camel was assessed by in vivo and in vitro techniques. liver samples were collected at the abattoir from camels of either sex, and microsomes were isolated and characterized as to their protein and haemoprotein content as well as for their ability to metabolise several cytochrome p450 model substrates. the expression of different p450 enzymes was evaluated by means of immunoblotting, and the glucuronidating capacity was assessed with 1-naphthol as the ... | 2006 | 16061409 |
| the first dromedary (camelus dromedarius) offspring obtained from in vitro matured, in vitro fertilized and in vitro cultured abattoir-derived oocytes. | dromedary offspring have never been produced fully in vitro. we have previously demonstrated that embryos obtained by culture in semi-defined medium (mksomaa) have better in vitro development ability than those cultured with oviductal epithelial cells. the aim of the present experiment was to study the pregnancy rate after embryo transfer of in vitro-produced (ivp) dromedary embryos cultured in semi-defined modified medium (mksomaa). ivm/ivf procedures were conducted on six hundred and sixty fou ... | 2006 | 16263162 |
| epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in sub-saharan africa. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is highly endemic among the nomadic pastoral tribes of east africa, but is rare amongst the agriculturally based communities. echinococcus granulosus infections are common in dogs from all countries in sub-saharan africa where they have been examined. transmission of e. granulosus to humans is affected by such factors as prevalence of the parasite in domestic dogs, behaviors of humans towards dogs, and heterogenicity of the parasite and susceptibility of humans to infe ... | 2006 | 16406684 |
| anti-erythrocyte natural antibody activity in the unconventional 'heavy chain' immunoglobulins of indian desert camel (camelus dromedarius). | members of the family camelidae contain unconventional 'heavy chain' antibodies (hcabs) that are devoid of light chains (lcs) in their structure and occur under physiological conditions. the spectrum of antigenic specificities in hcabs and hence their biological significance is not known at present. recent studies have however indicated that they contribute significantly towards the immunoglobulin (ig) receptor diversity. the present study was planned to investigate the natural antibody (nab) ac ... | 2006 | 16413613 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in camels (camelus dromedarius) in mashhad, iran. | one hundred twenty camels were blood-sampled and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) in mashhad, iran, during years 2004-2005. of the 120 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in three in titers of 1:20 and in four in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in three camels in titers 1:20 and in t ... | 2006 | 16425066 |
| postal survey of the population of south american camelids in the united kingdom in 2000/01. | the members of the two leading british camelid breeders associations were surveyed by means of a postal questionnaire between december 2000 and january 2001; 696 questionnaires were posted and 218 usable responses were returned. a total of 3520 camelids were recorded, of which 2719 (77.2 per cent) were alpacas (lama pacos) and 726 (20.6 per cent) were llamas (lama glama). ninety-four per cent of the camelid herds were of one species, and 70 per cent of the animals were kept for more than one pur ... | 2006 | 16428662 |
| immunochemical quantification of heat denaturation of camel ( camelus dromedarius ) whey proteins. | the major whey proteins igg, serum albumin and alpha-lactalbumin were purified from camel milk using gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography. specific antisera against each of them were raised and used to quantify their heat denaturation in early or mature milk over a range of 60-90 degrees c for 10-60 min using the single radial immunodiffusion technique. the heat denaturation midpoints for the mature milk heated 30 min were 67.2, 73.0 and 77.5 degrees c for igg, albumin and alpha-lactal ... | 2006 | 16433955 |
| grain founder in a male camel (camelus dromedarius). | a rare case of laminitis was recorded in an adult camel that was kept in confinement without giving any exercise and fed daily with considerable quantity of pearl millet grains (pennisetum typhoideus) for more than five months. | 2006 | 16434859 |
| the superior colliculus of the camel: a neuronal-specific nuclear protein (neun) and neuropeptide study. | in this study we examined the superior colliculus of the midbrain of the one-humped (dromedary) camel, camelus dromedarius, using nissl staining and anti-neuronal-specific nuclear protein (neun) immunohistochemistry for total neuronal population as well as for the enkephalins, somatostatin (som) and substance p (sp). it was found that, unlike in most mammals, the superior colliculus is much larger than the inferior colliculus. the superior colliculus is concerned with visual reflexes and the co- ... | 2006 | 16441568 |
| comparison of california mastitis test (cmt), somatic cell counts (scc) and bacteriological examinations for detection of camel (camelus dromedarius) mastitis in ethiopia. | a total of 956 quarter milk samples from 253 traditionally managed lactating camels were collected aseptically from negele (borena region), dire dawa, and gewane (afar region), ethiopia, according to multi-stage sampling. the quarter milk samples were subjected to california mastitis test (cmt), somatic cell counts (scc) and bacteriological examinations. five hundred and seventy one (59.7%) quarter milk samples had microorganisms. of these, 428 (75.0%) had isolates that were identified as major ... | 2006 | 16450708 |