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in vitro synergy of ampicillin with gentamicin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin against enterococcus faecalis. 201424888868
linezolid update: stable in vitro activity following more than a decade of clinical use and summary of associated resistance mechanisms.linezolid, approved for clinical use since 2000, has become an important addition to the anti-gram-positive infection armamentarium. this oxazolidinone drug has in vitro and in vivo activity against essentially all gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). the in vitro activity of linezolid was well documented prior to its clinical application, and several ongoing surveillance studies demonstrated consistent ...201424880801
inhibition of enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation by highly active lactones and lactams analogues of rubrolides.seven β-aryl substituted γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones analogues of rubrolides were synthesized from mucobromic acid and converted through a lactamization with isobutylamine into their corresponding γ-hydroxy-γ-lactams (76-85%). these lactams were converted into (z)- and (e)-γ-alkylidene-γ-lactams (23-45%). all compounds were fully characterized by ir, nmr ((1)h and (13)c), cosy and hetcor bidimensional experiments, and noe difference spectroscopy experiments when necessary. evaluation of these three ...201424880232
genetic and biochemical evidence that recombinant enterococcus spp. strains expressing gelatinase (gele) produce bovine milk-derived hydrolysates with high angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory activity (ace-ia).in this work, genes encoding gelatinase (gele) and serine proteinase (spre), two extracellular proteases produced by enterococcus faecalis dbh18, were cloned in the protein expression vector pmg36c, containing the constitutive p32 promoter, generating the recombinant plasmids pcg, pcsp, and pcgsp encoding gele, spre, and gele-spre, respectively. transformation of noncaseinolytic e. faecalis p36, e. faecalis jh2-2, e. faecium ar24, and e. hirae ar14 strains with these plasmids permitted detection ...201424877744
evaluation of efficacy of combinations of five endodontic sealers with five antibiotics against enterococcus faecalis - an in-vitro study.to evaluate and compare in vitro the antibacterial efficacy of five antibiotics when added individually to five endodontic sealers against enterococcus faecalis (ef).201424876708
purulent pericarditis after liver abscess: a case report.we present the case of a 49-year-old woman, with previous clinical antecedents of recent hepatic metastasis, who was admitted to the icu due to respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability. she was found to have purulent pericarditis complicated by pericardial tamponade and pleural effusion, as well as surgical site infection, which was the origin of the disease. cultures of the surgical wound and the pericardial effusion were positive for enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli. a pericar ...201424872819
bactericidal effect of hydroxyl radicals generated from a low concentration hydrogen peroxide with ultrasound in endodontic treatment.one approach to enhance the disinfection of root canals in endodontic treatment is ultrasonic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, are generated by biological defense systems to kill invading bacteria. ultrasonic irrigation with hydrogen peroxide may be a promising option to increase hydroxyl radical generation. we examined the bactericidal effects of hydroxyl radical generated from low concentration hydrogen peroxide with ultrasound in vitro. a ...201424895478
chemical composition of enterococcus faecalis in biofilm cells initiated from different physiologic states.enterococcus faecalis is a ubiquitous bacterium of the gut that is observed in persistent periradicular infections. its pathogenicity is associated with biofilm formation and the ability to survive under nutrient-poor (starvation) conditions. however, characteristics of chemical composition of biofilm cells developed by starved e. faecalis cells remain poorly understood. in this study, e. faecalis cells in exponential, stationary, and starvation phases were prepared and separately cultured to fo ...201424895050
[submucosal bacterial abscesses of the ascending colon and liver associated with portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis due to enterococcus faecalis infection: a case report].a 72-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted with fever and general fatigue. blood biochemistry showed elevated hepatic and biliary enzyme levels, abdominal computed tomography showed multiple liver abscesses with portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, and total colonoscopy revealed a submucosal bacterial abscess in the ascending colon. the abscesses were determined to be associated with enterococcus faecalis infection. the patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics ...201424898493
impact of microbial cultures on proteolysis and release of bioactive peptides in fermented milk.this study aimed at evaluating co-cultures of selected microorganisms for their proteolytic activity and capability to produce fermented milk enriched with ace-inhibitory (acei) peptides. selected yeasts (torulaspora delbruekii kl66a, galactomyces geotrichum kl20b, pichia kudriavzevii kl84a and kluyveromyces marxianus kl26a) and lactic acid bacteria strains (lactobacillus plantarum lat03, lb. plantarum klat01 and the not virulent enterococcus faecalis ke06) were screened as single cultures for t ...201424929726
what role do periodontal pathogens play in osteoarthritis and periprosthetic joint infections of the knee?through the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-electron spray ionization (esi)-time of flight (tof)-mass spectrometry (ms), we identified multiple periodontal pathogens within joint tissues of individuals undergoing replacement arthroplasties of the knee. the most prevalent of the periodontal pathogens were treponema denticola and enterococcus faecalis, the latter of which is commonly associated with apical periodontitis. these findings were unique to periprosthetic joint infections (pji) of ...201424921460
quality control mic ranges used for telavancin with application of a revised clsi reference broth microdilution method.the telavancin broth microdilution susceptibility testing method was revised, which provides mic results lower than those obtained by the previous method. this study was performed to reestablish the quality control ranges for telavancin when tested against the strains (updated mic range) staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213 (0.03 to 0.12 μg/ml), enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 (0.03 to 0.12 μg/ml), and streptococcus pneumoniae atcc 49619 (0.004 to 0.015 μg/ml).201424920777
frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in male outpatients in argentina.knowledge of the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens is important for determining the best treatment option. this study aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from adult male outpatients.201424916867
residual antimicrobial activity of mtad(®) in human dentin after obturation with gutta-percha/ah26 and resilon/realseal se at different time intervals; an ex vivo study.to eliminate microorganisms that are responsible for pulpal and periapical infections and to prevent reinfection of the root canal system an effective chemomechanical preparation by irrigants with sustained antimicrobial activity is beneficial. hereby, we evaluated the residual antibacterial activity of mtad after canal obturation at different time intervals.201424910674
biological neutralization and biosorption of dyes of alkaline textile industry wastewater.the present work was aimed to secure biological neutralization and biosorption of dyes of an alkaline textile industrial effluent (atie) using an alkaliphilic bacterium, enterococcus faecalis strain r-16 isolated from gujarat coast. the isolate was capable and competent to bring down the ph of atie from 12.1 to 7.0 within 2 h in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources. carboxylic group concentration (cgc), nmr and ft-ir analysis revealed production of carboxylic acid as a result of neutraliz ...201424910184
immunomodulatory properties of cell wall extract from enterococcus faecalis cect7121.the aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of cell wall extract from enterococcus faecalis cect7121, measuring the induction of cytokines tnf-α, il-6, il-10 and il-12 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). cell wall extract was prepared from their growth in brain heart infusion broth (18h, 35°c). subsequently, toxicity of the obtained cell wall extract was tested in balb-c mice. pbmcs were isolated from buffy coats at the blood transfusion service of ...201424907474
role of efrab efflux pump in biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from traditional fermented foods and the effect of edta as efrab inhibitor.enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from various traditional fermented foods of both animal and vegetable origins have shown multidrug resistance to several antibiotics and tolerance to biocides. reduced susceptibility was intra and inter-species dependent and was due to specific and unspecific mechanisms such as efflux pumps. efrab, a heterodimeric abc transporter efflux pump, was detected in 100% of multidrug resistant (mdr) e. faecalis strains and only in 12% of mdr e. fae ...201425084670
disinfection efficacy of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming on root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study.in 2010, one of the authors proposed that lasers could be used to enhance the decontaminating action of sodium hypochlorite (naocl). the authors conducted a study to compare the disinfection efficacy of laser-activated irrigation (lai) by using a photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (pips) tip with conventional irrigation and specifically lai's ability to remove bacterial film formed on root canal walls.201425082933
new intracanal formulations containing doxycycline or chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis.the present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of two new intracanal preparations against e. faecalis. thirty single-rooted human canine teeth were used. the crowns were removed and the roots were instrumented using a conventional technique. three groups of ten teeth each were infected with 108 cfu/ ml of e. faecalis for 21 days. the root canals were flled with new intracanal medications containing 3% doxycycline hydrochloride (dx) or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (chx). ten teeth re ...201424939266
antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of ah plus with chlorhexidine and cetrimide.the use of root canal filling materials with antibacterial activity can be considered beneficial to reduce the remaining microorganisms in the root canal system, where enterococcus faecalis is often found, and prevent recurrent infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and capacity for inhibiting e. faecalis biofilm formation of ah plus, alone and mixed with chlorhexidine (chx), cetrimide (ctr), and combinations of the two.201424935547
effect of irrigation with tetraclean on bacterial leakage of obturated root canals.the purpose of the study presented here was to evaluate the effect of tetraclean, hypoclean, chlor-xtra, 2% chlorhexidine and 6% sodium hypochlorite/17% edta as a final irrigant on bacterial leakage of the root canal. one hundred and fifty-five extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into five experimental groups of 25 teeth each and two control groups of 15 teeth each. the root canals in each group were irrigated with 2 ml of the relevant irrigant between each filing. t ...201424933773
molecular detection of virulence factors among food and clinical enterococcus faecalis strains in south brazil.the present report aimed to perform a molecular epidemiological survey by investigating the presence of virulence factors in e. faecalis isolated from different human clinical (n = 57) and food samples (n = 55) in porto alegre, brazil, collected from 2006 to 2009. in addition, the ability to form biofilm in vitro on polystyrene and the β-haemolytic and gelatinase activities were determined. clinical strains presented a higher prevalence of aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protei ...201424948952
[photoreactivation of escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis in the secondary effluent disinfected by uv-tio2].effects of photoreactivating light intensity (0-41 microw x cm(-2)) on photoreactivation of escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) in the secondary effluent after uv and uv-tio2 disinfection were investigated. the results indicated that the disinfection efficiency of uv-tio2 was much higher than that of uv disinfection. the photoreactivation rate of e. coli was much higher in uv disinfection than that in uv-tio2 disinfection. under high light intensity in uv-tio2 disi ...201424946584
poloxamer-based curcumin solid dispersions for ex tempore preparation of supersaturated solutions intended for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.abstract phototoxic effect of curcumin supersaturated solutions toward pathogenic bacteria has already been demonstrated. however, to be useful in the clinical practice, a supersaturated solution needs to be physically and chemically stabile over the relevant time period. poloxamer-based solid dispersions (sd) intended for ex tempore preparation of a supersaturated solution were designed to simultaneously facilitate dissolution and inhibit precipitation of curcumin in vitro. due to the transform ...201424946137
characteristics of prosthetic joint infections due to enterococcus sp. and predictors of failure: a multi-national study.the objective of this study was to review the characteristics and outcome of prosthetic joint infections (pji) due to enterococcus sp. collected in 18 hospitals from six european countries. patients with a pji due to enterococcus sp. diagnosed between january 1999 and july 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. relevant information about demographics, comorbidity, clinical characteristics, microbiological data, surgical treatment and outcome was registered. univariable and multivariable analyses we ...201424943469
identification of polyketide inhibitors targeting 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase in the shikimate pathway of enterococcus faecalis.due to the emergence of resistance toward current antibiotics, there is a pressing need to develop the next generation of antibiotics as therapeutics against infectious and opportunistic diseases of microbial origins. the shikimate pathway is exclusive to microbes, plants and fungi, and hence is an attractive and logical target for development of antimicrobial therapeutics. the gram-positive commensal microbe, enterococcus faecalis, is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial infections ...201425072253
antibiofilm effects of endodontic sealers containing quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles.this study evaluated the antibiofilm effects of 2 endodontic sealers incorporated with quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (qpei) nanoparticles at a 2% concentration (w/w).201425069926
effective analysis of the use of peracetic acid after instrumentation of root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of peracetic acid (paa) in cleaning root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis.201425069922
antibacterial efficiency of vermiculite/chlorhexidine nanocomposites and results of the in vivo test of harmlessness of vermiculite.clay minerals have been proposed as very useful materials for modulating drug delivery. these are the commonly used materials in pharmaceutical production both as inorganic carriers or active agents. we focused on the development of suitable long-acting material for local treatment of oral infection where clay minerals act as inorganic drug carriers. organovermiculites with antibacterial activity were prepared by ion exchange reactions using different concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate. t ...201425063143
vang element insertions within a conserved chromosomal site conferring vancomycin resistance to streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus anginosus.three vancomycin-resistant streptococcal strains carrying vang elements (two invasive streptococcus agalactiae isolates [gbs-ny and gbs-nm, both serotype ii and multilocus sequence type 22] and one streptococcus anginosus [sa]) were examined. the 45,585-bp elements found within sa and gbs-ny were nearly identical (together designated vang-1) and shared near-identity over an ~15-kb overlap with a previously described vang element from enterococcus faecalis. unexpectedly, vang-1 shared much less h ...201425053786
proteome phenotyping of δrela mutants in enterococcus faecalis v583.the (p)ppgpp synthetase rela contributes to stress adaptation and virulence in enterococcus faecalis v583. a 2-dimensional electrophoresis proteomic analysis of 2 rela mutants, i.e., δrela carrying a complete deletion of the rela gene, and δrelasp that is deleted from only its 3' extremity, showed that 31 proteins were deregulated in 1 or both of these mutants. mass spectrometry identification of these proteins showed that 10 are related to translation, including 5 ribosomal proteins, 3 proteins ...201425050451
nitric oxide levels regulate the immune response of drosophila melanogaster reference laboratory strains to bacterial infections.studies on the innate immune response against microbial infections in drosophila melanogaster involve mutant strains and their reference strains that act as experimental controls. we used five standard d. melanogaster laboratory reference strains (oregon r, w1118, canton-s, cinnabar brown, and yellow white [yw]) and investigated their response against two pathogenic bacteria (photorhabdus luminescens and enterococcus faecalis) and two nonpathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli and micrococcus lute ...201425047850
effect of dentin powder on the antimicrobial properties of hyperpure chlorine-dioxide and its comparison to conventional endodontic disinfecting agents.previously we found that the high purity chlorine-dioxide(clo2) has a very potent disinfectant efficacy on oral pathogenic microorganisms and as a root canal irrigant it is able to eliminate the experimental enterococcus faecalis(e. faecalis) infection from the root canal system. this study examines whether the presence of dentin powder influences the antibacterial efficacy of clo 2.201425046882
changes in the treatment of enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis in spain in the last 15 years: from ampicillin plus gentamicin to ampicillin plus ceftriaxone.the aim of this study was to assess changes in antibiotic resistance, epidemiology and outcome among patients with enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (efie) and to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin (a+g) with that of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (a+c). the study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of efie patients treated in our centre from 1997 to 2011. thirty patients were initially treated with a+g (ampicillin 2 g/4 h and ...201425040215
novel nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes sequenced from intertidal mudflat bacteria.nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps) are actively sought out, due to pharmacologically important activities of their metabolites. in marine environment, the most prevalent nonribosomal peptide antibiotic producers are sponges inhabiting microorganisms. conversely, strains from marine sediments and more especially from intertidal mudflats have not been extensively screened for the presence of new nrps. in this study, for the first time, a collection of one hundred intertidal mudflat bacterial ...201425039651
thermal treatment for pathogen inactivation as a risk mitigation strategy for safe recycling of organic waste in agriculture.thermal treatment at temperatures between 46.0°c and 55.0°c was evaluated as a method for sanitization of organic waste, a temperature interval less commonly investigated but important in connection with biological treatment processes. samples of dairy cow feces inoculated with salmonella senftenberg w775, enterococcus faecalis, bacteriophage ϕx174, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) were thermally treated using block thermostats at set temperatures in order to determine time-temperature regimes to ac ...201425035917
antimicrobial effects of four intracanal medicaments on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four intracanal medicaments on enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis).201425031593
a microleakage study of gutta-percha/ah plus and resilon/real self-etch systems after different irrigation protocols.the development and maintenance of the sealing of the root canal system is the key to the success of root canal treatment. the resin-based adhesive material has the potential to reduce the microleakage of the root canal because of its adhesive properties and penetration into dentinal walls. moreover, the irrigation protocols may have an influence on the adhesiveness of resin-based sealers to root dentin.201425025557
using color histograms and spa-lda to classify bacteria.in this work, a new approach is proposed to verify the differentiating characteristics of five bacteria (escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus oralis, and staphylococcus aureus) by using digital images obtained with a simple webcam and variable selection by the successive projections algorithm associated with linear discriminant analysis (spa-lda). in this sense, color histograms in the red-green-blue (rgb), hue-saturation-value (hsv), and grayscale cha ...201425023972
revised reference broth microdilution method for testing telavancin: effect on mic results and correlation with other testing methodologies.the reference broth microdilution (bmd) antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for telavancin was revised to include dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) as a solvent and diluent for frozen-form panel preparation, following the clsi recommendations for water-insoluble agents. polysorbate 80 (p-80) was also added to the test medium to minimize proven drug losses associated with binding to plastic surfaces. four hundred sixty-two gram-positive isolates, including a challenge set of organisms with reduce ...201425022579
role of the bacterial vaccine solco-urovac® in treatment and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections of bacterial origin.urinary tract infections (uti) represent a serious medical problem with considerably high rate of morbidity. recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection (ruti) may commonly develop in the way of relapse or reinfection. for patients, ruti is always associated with costs, discomfort and decreased quality of life. standard treatment of ruti is through antibiotics and usually such treatment is required repeatedly. repeat course of antibiotics leads to increase of resistance of uropathogenic strain ...201425020163
susceptibility of methacrylate-based root canal filling to degradation by bacteria found in endodontic infections.to present a case of endodontic failure obturated with a methacrylate-based root filling material, resilon/realseal (rs). to determine if rs is susceptible to biodegradation by endodontically relevant microbes by a method known to show rs degradation.201425019109
erythromycin- and copper-resistant enterococcus hirae from marine sediment and co-transfer of erm(b) and tcrb to human enterococcus faecalis.an erythromycin-, copper- and cadmium-resistant isolate of enterococcus hirae from marine sediment was shown to harbor the plasmid pre25 and to co-transfer erm(b) and tcrb to enterococcus faecalis jh2-2. these data highlight the scope for antibiotic resistance selection by the marine environment through heavy metals and its possible involvement in antibiotic-resistant enterococcal infections.201425017384
bacterial entombment by intratubular mineralization following orthograde mineral trioxide aggregate obturation: a scanning electron microscopy study.the time domain entombment of bacteria by intratubular mineralization following orthograde canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) was studied by scanning electron microscopy (sem). single-rooted human premolars (n=60) were instrumented to an apical size #50/0.06 using profile and treated as follows: group 1 (n=10) was filled with phosphate buffered saline (pbs); group 2 (n=10) was incubated with enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks, and then filled with pbs; group 3 (n=20) was obtur ...201425012869
comment on: glycopeptide use is associated with increased mortality in enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia. 201425011652
[antibiotic resistance and siderophore production in enterococci].enterococci belong to the normal bacterial flora of the gastrointensinal tract of humans. enterococci are regarded as harmless commensal, and are even believed to have probiotic characteristics. however, they can cause variety of infections, including endocarditis, bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections. during the past several decades, enterococci, and particularly enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium, have been identified as an important cause of nosocomial infections. enterococci ...201425007507
antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with enterococcus faecalis.the aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the root-end filling materials mta and irm, different endodontic sealers and calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)₂] in experimentally infected dentinal tubules.201425005627
a in-vitro comparative study on bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium enriched cement and bone cement in furcal perforations.the aim of this study was to compare the bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta), calciem enriched cement (cem), and bone cement (bc) as repair materials in furcal perforations.201425001012
single consumption of bryndza cheese temporarily affects oral microbiota and salivary markers of oxidative stress.several oral diseases are associated with changes in oral microbiota and higher oxidative stress. enterococcus faecalis has been hypothesized to directly contribute to the oxidative stress in oral cavity. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of single consumption of unpasteurized bryndza cheese containing enterococci on changes of microbiota and oxidative status in saliva. fourteen healthy volunteers aged 23-30 years were asked to eat 100 g of bryndza cheese. saliva samples were colle ...201424997802
gestational age-specific reference ranges of hepcidin in cord blood.iron deficiency (id) contributes to anaemia of prematurity, and hence the reliable assessment of iron nutrition status appears to be mandatory.201424993575
stability of antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine and doxycycline in bovine root dentine.the aim of this study was to compare the substantivity of chlorhexidine (chx) and doxycycline bond to the dentin in diffusion disk method.201424991631
efficacy of coral-hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate for early bacterial detection.nano- or microhydroxyapatites with microbiological properties are being used to detect pathogens in clinical samples and industrial environments. in this study, the calcium phosphates coral-hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate were characterized physicochemically using x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. the morphology, texture, and chemical composition of the ceramics were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive s ...201424985222
mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus.vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. traditionally, it has been used as a drug of last resort; however, clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (vancomycin intermediate-resistant s. aureus [visa]) and more recently with high-level vancomycin resistance (vancomycin-resistant s. aureus [vrsa]) have been described in the clinical literature. the rare v ...201424983424
molecular basis for bacterial peptidoglycan recognition by lysm domains.carbohydrate recognition is essential for growth, cell adhesion and signalling in all living organisms. a highly conserved carbohydrate binding module, lysm, is found in proteins from viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants and mammals. lysm modules recognize polysaccharides containing n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) residues including peptidoglycan, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. however, the molecular mechanism underpinning lysm-peptidoglycan interactions remains unclear. here we des ...201424978025
application of multilocus sequence analysis for molecular characterization of enterococci with virulence factors recovered from a tropical recreational beach.partial gene sequences of phenylalanyl-trna synthase alpha subunit (phes) and rna polymerase alpha subunit (rpoa) were evaluated for species delineation and detection of recombination among enterococci populations recovered from a bathing beach impacted by low tide river flow. at inter-species level, a maximum similarity of 86.5% and 94.8% was observed among the enterococci phes and rpoa sequence, respectively. a superimposed plot of delimited pairwise similarity values obtained for 266 pair-wis ...201424974655
[in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from hospitalized patients].enterococcus spp is currently considered as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens . the antibiotic resistance of this group of bacteria is a particularly important problem in health centers.201424968036
the antimicrobial activity of azadirachta indica, mimusops elengi, tinospora cardifolia, ocimum sanctum and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on common endodontic pathogens: an in vitro study.to check the antimicrobial activity of azadirachta indica (neem), ocimum sanctum (tulsi), mimusops elelngi (bakul), tinospora cardifolia (giloy) and chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) on common endodontic pathogens like streptococcus mutans, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.201424966766
effect of "apical clearing" and "apical foramen widening" on apical ramifications and bacterial load in root canals.the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of apical clearing and apical foramen widening in reducing apical ramifications and bacterial load in the apical third of root canals. the mesio-buccal roots of 21 maxillary first molar teeth were inoculated with enterococcus faecalis suspension using a sterile pipette. samples were incubated at 37°c for 72 hrs and divided into 3 groups: group a, control group (n=5), no preparation; group b (n=8) conventional preparation alone; and group c (n= ...201424965951
prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its antibacterial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at kanpur, india.symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) is common in pregnant women. pregnancy enhances the progression from asb to symptomatic bacteriuria, which if left untreated, could lead to acute pyelonephritis and other adverse outcomes such as prematurity, postpartum, hypertensive disease, anaemia, utis and higher foetal mortality rates.201424959438
defining daptomycin resistance prevention exposures in vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis.daptomycin is used off-label for enterococcal infections; however, dosing targets for resistance prevention remain undefined. doses of 4 to 6 mg/kg of body weight/day approved for staphylococci are likely inadequate against enterococci due to reduced susceptibility. we modeled daptomycin regimens in vitro to determine the minimum exposure to prevent daptomycin resistance (dapr) in enterococci. daptomycin simulations of 4 to 12 mg/kg/day (maximum concentration of drug in serum [cmax] of 57.8, 93. ...201424957825
[epidemiological analysis for enterococci isolated in aichi prefecture].we investigated vancomycin-resistant genes for clinical isolates of 353 vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the aichi medical university hospital and 120 vancomycin-resistant enterococci from the 8 facilities in aichi prefecture between april 2008 and january 2013. we detected 8, 105, 21 and 4 strains of enterococci with vana, vanb, vanc1 and vanc2/c3, respectively. among enterococci with vancomycin-resistant genes, we detected 4, 3 and 2 enterococci of vancomycin mic level 4 microg/ml with vanb ...201424956911
the cyclic dinucleotide c-di-amp is an allosteric regulator of metabolic enzyme function.cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) is a broadly conserved second messenger required for bacterial growth and infection. however, the molecular mechanisms of c-di-amp signaling are still poorly understood. using a chemical proteomics screen for c-di-amp-interacting proteins in the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, we identified several broadly conserved protein receptors, including the central metabolic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (lmpc). biochemical and crystallographic studies of the l ...201425215494
draft genome sequence of an enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from a neonatal blood sepsis patient.herein, we report the draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis ed-ngs-1009, cultivated from a blood sample taken from a neonatal sepsis patient at the royal infirmary in edinburgh, scotland, united kingdom.201425212626
healthcare-associated infective endocarditis: a case series in a referral hospital from 2006 to 2011.background: healthcare-associated infective endocarditis (hca-ie), a severe complication of medical care, shows a growing incidence in literature. objective: to evaluate epidemiology, etiology, risk factors for acquisition, complications, surgical treatment, and outcome of hca-ie. methods: observational prospective case series study (2006-2011) in a public hospital in rio de janeiro. results: fifty-three patients with hca-ie from a total of 151 cases of infective endocarditis (ie) were included. ...201425211203
driving forces of vancomycin-resistant e. faecium and e. faecalis blood-stream infections in children.rates of invasive vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) in the usa remains on the rise. efforts to control vancomycin use and nosocomial transmission have had limited success in halting the spread of this pathogen. the role of antibiotic exposure remains a topic of controversy. we evaluated the association between emergence of vre-blood-stream infections (bsi), aggregate and individual-patient vancomycin- exposure, and clonal transmission of vre at an academic pediatric tertiary care hospital.201425206975
bimix antimicrobial scaffolds for regenerative endodontics.eliminating and/or inhibiting bacterial growth within the root canal system has been shown to play a key role in the regenerative outcome. the aim of this study was to synthesize and determine in vitro both the antimicrobial effectiveness and cytocompatibility of bimix antibiotic-containing polydioxanone-based polymer scaffolds.201425201643
structure of the double-stranded dna-binding type iv secretion protein tran from enterococcus.conjugative transfer through type iv secretion multiprotein complexes is the most important means of spreading antimicrobial resistance. plasmid pip501, frequently found in clinical enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates, is the first gram-positive (g+) conjugative plasmid for which self-transfer to gram-negative (g-) bacteria has been demonstrated. the pip501-encoded type iv secretion system (t4ss) protein tran localizes to the cytoplasm and shows specific dna binding. the spec ...201425195751
the effect of sodium hypochlorite on enterococcus faecalis when grown on dentine as a single- and multi-species biofilm.enterococcus faecalis is often involved in the aetiology of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment. this project aimed to establish, on dentine in vitro, a multi-species biofilm containing e. faecalis, and to determine if the organism had an increased resistance to sodium hypochlorite compared with an axenic biofilm. biofilms were established on dentine discs in flow cells with either e. faecalis alone (axenic) or together with fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguinis. follow ...201425195495
daptomycin in the treatment of prosthetic joint infection by enterococcus faecalis: safety and efficacy of high-dose and prolonged therapy.enterococci are implicated in less than 2.3% of prosthetic joint infections. these infections can be difficult to treat and therapeutic failures are not uncommon. in these situations, daptomycin is a safe and effective alternative. we present a clinical case with a successful response to the prolonged use of high-dose daptomycin.201425192907
development of an antibacterial root canal filling system containing mdpb.an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (mdpb)-containing experimental, chemically cured primer was prepared to develop a new resin-based root canal filling system. this study investigated the antibacterial effects of the mdpb-containing primer (experimental primer [ep]) against enterococcus faecalis and assessed the in vitro bonding and sealing abilities of the filling system, consisting of ep and a bis-gma-based sealer resin. antibacterial effects of ep were evaluat ...201425192898
plasma components and platelet activation are essential for the antimicrobial properties of autologous platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study.autologous platelet concentrates are successfully adopted in a variety of medical fields to stimulate bone and soft tissue regeneration. the rationale for their use consists in the delivery of a wide range of platelet-derived bioactive molecules that promotes wound healing. in addition, antimicrobial properties of platelet concentrates have been pointed out. in this study, the effect of the platelet concentration, of the activation step and of the presence of plasmatic components on the antimicr ...201425232963
ebpa vaccine antibodies block binding of enterococcus faecalis to fibrinogen to prevent catheter-associated bladder infection in mice.enterococci bacteria are a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, the most common type of hospital-acquired infection. treatment has become increasingly challenging because of the emergence of multiantibiotic-resistant enterococcal strains and their ability to form biofilms on catheters. we identified and targeted a critical step in biofilm formation and developed a vaccine that prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infections in mice. in the murine model, formation ...201425232179
highly diverse microbiota in dental root canals in cases of apical periodontitis (data of illumina sequencing).chronic apical periodontitis (cap) is a frequent condition that has a considerable effect on a patient's quality of life. we aimed to reveal root canal microbial communities in antibiotic-naive patients by applying illumina sequencing (illumina inc, san diego, ca).201425227214
antibacterial effect of triantibiotic mixture, chlorhexidine gel, and two natural materials propolis and aloe vera against enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study.the aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of triantibiotic paste, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, propolis and aloe vera on enterococcus faecalis in deep dentin.201425225560
carbamidocyclophanes f and g with anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity from the cultured freshwater cyanobacterium nostoc sp.two new (1 and 2) and three known (3-5) carbamidocyclophanes were isolated from a cultured freshwater cyanobacterium nostoc sp. (uic 10274) obtained from a sample collected at des plaines, illinois. their planar structures and stereoconfigurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1d/2d nmr experiments, hresims as well as cd spectroscopy. carbamidocyclophane f (1) showed potent anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity in the microplate alamar blue assay and low-oxygen ...201425225453
antibacterial properties of root canal lubricants: a comparison with commonly used irrigants.the aim was to assess in vitro the antibacterial activity of 10 root canal lubricants. k-y jelly personal lubricant, rc-prep, file-eze, file-rite, endoprep gel, endosure prep crème 15%, prep-rite, glyde, slickgel es and alpha glide were selected and compared in their antimicrobial properties to seven irrigants. serial dilutions of each agent in tryptic soy broth were inoculated with either enterococcus faecalis or pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated at 37c for 24 h. during incubation bacterial ...201425223525
control of listeria monocytogenes in fresh cheese using protective lactic acid bacteria.in the past years, there has been a particular focus on the application of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) in controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria in foods. the aim of this study was to select lab strains with antimicrobial activity, previously isolated from a traditional azorean artisanal cheese (pico cheese), in order to identify those with the greatest potential in reducing listeria monocytogenes in fresh cheese. eight bacteriocin producer strains identified as la ...201425222327
monotreme lactation protein is highly expressed in monotreme milk and provides antimicrobial protection.monotremes (platypus and echidna) are the descendants of the oldest ancestor of all extant mammals distinguished from other mammals by mode of reproduction. monotremes lay eggs following a short gestation period and after an even briefer incubation period, altricial hatchlings are nourished over a long lactation period with milk secreted by nipple-less mammary patches located on the female's abdomen. milk is the sole source of nutrition and immune protection for the developing young until weanin ...201425245409
in vitro assessment of the recurrent doses of topical gaseous ozone in the removal of enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals.to evaluate the potential antibacterial effect of recurrent doses of topical gaseous ozone on the enterococcus faecalis biofilms0 growth in human root canals in vitro.201425244266
efficacy of a combined nanoparticulate/calcium hydroxide root canal medication on elimination of enterococcus faecalis.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ca(oh)2 with or without a silver nanoparticle suspension to eliminate enterococcus faecalis from root canals. a total of 66 extracted human single-rooted teeth contaminated with e. faecalis were treated with 10% ca(oh)2 alone, ca(oh)2 with nanosilver or sterile water (as a negative control). samples were obtained with paper points and gates-glidden burs at 1 and 7 days after root canal preparation and the number of colony-forming units (c ...201425244219
[development of an enterococcus faecalis periapical biofilm model for in vitro morphological study].this study aims to develop and observe a model system of the periapical biofilm structure of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis).201425241529
enterococcus faecalis zinc-responsive proteins mediate bacterial defence against zinc overload, lysozyme and oxidative stress.two enterococcus faecalis genes encoding the p-type atpase ef1400 and the putative sapb protein ef0759 were previously shown to be strongly upregulated in the presence of high concentrations of zinc. in the present work, we showed that a zn(2+)-responsive dna-binding motif (zim) is present in the promoter regions of these genes. both proteins were further studied with respect to their involvement in zinc homeostasis and invasion of the host. ef0759 contributed to intramacrophage survival by an a ...201425312746
antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of polysaccharides, essential oil, and fatty oil extracted from laurus nobilis growing in lebanon.to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts of laurus nobilis against three gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 and staphylococcus epidermidis cip 444) and two gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli atcc 35218 and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853). also, the antibiofilm activity has been investigated against the biofilm produced by staphylococcus epidermidis cip 444.201425312182
novel in vitro methodology for induction of enterococcus faecalis biofilm on apical resorption areas.teeth with periapical lesion usually present external root resorption around the apical foramen. these areas facilitate adhesion and co-aggregation of microorganisms developing biofilms. up to the present moment, there is no methodology in the literature that enables the in vitro evaluation of endodontic irrigants and intracanal dressings on biofilms located in apical external root resorptions of human teeth.201425307923
selection of potential probiotic enterococcus faecium isolated from portuguese fermented food.four enterococcus faecium strains isolated from fermented products were evaluated for potential use as probiotic strains. in addition to efaafm gene, commonly found in e. faecium food isolates, none of the isolates possessed virulence genes and none had positive reactions for the production of tyramine, histamine, putrescine and cadaverine in the screening medium used. all of these four isolates proved to be resistant to 65 °c. e. faecium 119 did not show antimicrobial activity against any of th ...201425268323
a comparative study on sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium enriched cement and bone cement in furcal perforations.the aim of this study was to compare the bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta), calcium enriched cement (cem), and bone cement (bc) as repair materials in furcal perforations.201425267149
antimicrobial activity of a sodium hypochlorite/etidronic acid irrigant solution.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl)/9% etidronic acid (hebp) irrigant solution on enterococcus faecalis growing in biofilms and a dentinal tubule infection model.201425266466
in vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of ah plus incorporated with quaternary ammonium epoxy silicate against enterococcus faecalis.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of ah plus (dentsply, detrey, konstanz, germany) incorporated with quaternary ammonium epoxy silicate (qaes) against enterococcus faecalis.201425260732
a widely used in vitro biofilm assay has questionable clinical significance for enterococcal endocarditis.biofilm formation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections caused by enterococcus faecalis, including endocarditis. most biofilm studies use a polystyrene dish assay to quantify biofilm biomass. however, recent studies of e. faecalis strains in tissue and animal models suggest that polystyrene dish results need to be interpreted with caution. we evaluated 158 clinical e. faecalis isolates using a polystyrene dish assay and found variation in biofilm formation, with many isola ...201425255085
intestinal translocation of clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and esbl-producing escherichia coli in a rat model of bacterial colonization and liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.the objectives of this study were to develop a rat model of gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli and to evaluate intestinal translocation to blood and tissues after total and partial hepatic ischemia. methods - we developed a model of rat colonization with vre and esbl-e coli. then we studied four groups of colonized rats: group i (with hepatic pedicle occlusion causing complete liver isc ...201425255079
measurement of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid over time in neonatal enterococcal meningitis.enterococcus faecalis is rarely involved in neonatal meningitis. several studies have indicated that the cytokines related to bacterial infection may induce nerve cell damage; therefore, the cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) could represent a valuable hallmark for rapid recognition of the disease and evaluation of the degree of neurological involvement. we analyzed cytokine levels in the csf of a neonate with e. faecalis meningitis over time. tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) tended to ...201425252071
antimicrobial efficacy of er,cr:ysgg laser-activated irrigation compared with passive ultrasonic irrigation and rinsendo(®) against intracanal enterococcus faecalis.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of active irrigation techniques: erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (er,cr:ysgg) laser-activated irrigation (lai), passive ultrasonic irrigation (pui), rinsendo(®), and conventional syringe irrigation, against intracanal enterococcus faecalis.201425251217
antibacterial power of sodium hypochlorite combined with surfactants and acetic acid.the aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% naocl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% naocl and two commercially available naocl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. a total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%naocl; hypoclean; chlor-xtra; 1% naocl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes ( ...201425250491
peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient by two different species of enterococci: a rare finding.peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient by two different species of enterococci is a rare condition. we report a case of peritonitis from which vancomycin sensitive enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin resistant enterococcusc faecium were isolated. it also emphasizes the effectiveness of linezolid for the treatment of vancomycin resistant enterococcal infection.201425249726
an abc transporter is required for secretion of peptide sex pheromones in enterococcus faecalis.enterococci are leading causes of hospital-acquired infection in the united states and continue to develop resistances to new antibiotics. many enterococcus faecalis isolates harbor pheromone-responsive plasmids that mediate horizontal transfer of even large blocks of chromosomal genes, resulting in hospital-adapted strains over a quarter of whose genomes consist of mobile elements. pheromones to which the donor cells respond derive from lipoprotein signal peptides. using a novel bacterial killi ...201425249282
platelet-rich plasma affects bacterial growth in vitro.platelet-rich plasma (prp), a blood derivative rich in platelets, is a relatively new technique used in tissue regeneration and engineering. the increased quantity of platelets makes this formulation of considerable value for their role in tissue healing and microbicidal activity. this activity was investigated against five of the most important strains involved in nosocomial infections (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus faec ...201425108654
prophages in enterococcal isolates from renal transplant recipients: renal failure etiologies promote selection of strains.infections caused by commensal bacteria may be fatal for the patients under immunosuppressive therapy. this results also from difficulty in identification of high risk strains. enterococcal infections are increasingly frequent but despite many studies on virulence traits, the difference between commensal and pathogenic strains remains unclear. prophages are newly described as important elements in competition between strains during colonization, as well as pathogenicity of the strains. here we e ...201425105126
draft genome sequence of linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis clinical isolate hs0914.we report the draft genome sequence of linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain hs-0914 isolated from a teaching hospital in shanghai, china. the draft genome sequence is composed of 61 contigs for 2,816,079 bp. ribosomal rna mutations and cfr, which mediates linezolid resistance, are not present.201425103766
influence of ultrasonic activation on photodynamic therapy over root canal system infected with enterococcus faecalis--an in vitro study.the purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of ultrasonic activation on photodynamic therapy over root canal system infected with enterococcus faecalis.201425102161
development of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for the rapid diagnosis of neonatal late onset sepsis.the diagnosis of late onset sepsis (los), a severe condition with high prevalence in preterm infants, is hampered by the suboptimal sensitivity and long turnaround time of blood culture. detection of the infecting pathogen directly in blood by pcr would provide a much more timely result. unfortunately, pcr-based assays reported so far are labor intensive and often lack direct species identification. therefore we developed a real-time multiplex pcr assay tailored to los diagnosis which is easy-to ...201425102109
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