Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with shiga toxins. | 1997 | 9109212 | |
| epidemiology of shigellosis among children exposed to cases of shigella dysentery: a multivariate assessment. | we followed 1,756 young, rural bangladeshi children less than five years of age for one month after identification of sentinel shigella patients in their neighborhoods. two hundred nineteen (12%) children developed shigella diarrhea (shigellosis) and 227 (13%) developed culture-negative dysentery. shigella flexneri (60%) and s. dysenteriae, type 1 (15%) were the most common isolates among shigellosis cases. within individual neighborhoods, there was poor agreement (kappa = 0.21) between shigella ... | 1997 | 9129527 |
| an outbreak of shiga bacillus dysentery in kwazulu/natal, south africa. | an outbreak of shiga bacillus (shigella dysenteriae type 1) infection has been detected for the first time in south africa. forty-eight cases of this epidemic that presented to a referral hospital were clinically evaluated. patients presented with dysentery from all age groups and 16 (33%) were admitted to hospital. there were two geographical regions where 32 (67%) of the patients resided. the isolates were demonstrated to be pathogenic by in vitro testing for invasion and toxin production, and ... | 1997 | 9138132 |
| a household survey of dysentery in burundi: implications for the current pandemic in sub-saharan africa. | to characterize the epidemiology of dysentery (defined as bloody diarrhoea) in burundi, we reviewed national surveillance data and conducted a household cluster survey including two case--control studies: one at the household, the other at the individual level. we estimated that community incidences for dysentery (per 1000 residents) in kibuye sector were 15.3 and 27.3, and that dysentery accounted for 6% and 12% of all deaths, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. factors associated (p < or = 0.05) w ... | 1997 | 9141750 |
| haem iron-transport system in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | in this study, we identified the iron-transport systems of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain edl933. this strain synthesized and transported enterobactin and had a ferric citrate transport system but lacked the ability to produce or use aerobactin. it used haem and haemoglobin, but not transferrin or lactoferrin, as iron sources. we cloned the gene encoding an iron-regulated haem-transport protein and showed that this e. coli haem-utilization gene (chua) encoded a 69 kda outer membrane protein tha ... | 1997 | 9157252 |
| construction and characterization of a live attenuated vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae type 1. | vaccine candidates against shigella dysenteriae type 1, which is associated with the most severe cases of bacillary dysentery, were constructed. the rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for s. dysenteriae 1 o antigen biosynthesis, were randomly integrated into either the chromosome or the virulence plasmid of the rough attenuated shigella flexneri arod strain sfl124-27 with a minitransposon carrying an arsenite resistance selection marker. the recombinant clones efficiently expressed the recomb ... | 1997 | 9169740 |
| characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation. | this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ... | 1997 | 9169792 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae and shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern africa region: 1994-1996. | between march 1994 and december 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the amref laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern africa region: 1749 were cultured for vibrio cholerae and 48 for shigella/salmonella. culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. the isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. the rate of isolation of v. cholerae from rectal swabs i ... | 1997 | 9185422 |
| construction and characterization of genetically-marked bivalent anti-shigella dysenteriae 1 and anti-shigella flexneri y live vaccine candidates. | bivalent vaccine candidates were developed against shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, which are among the most frequent causative agents of shigellosis in developing countries. the rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for s. dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen biosynthesis, were inserted into an arsenite resistance minitransposon and randomly integrated into the attenuated s. flexneri arod serotype y strain sfl124. nine recombinant clones that efficiently expressed both homologous and h ... | 1997 | 9188091 |
| the site-specific recombinase encoded by pind in shigella dysenteriae is due to the presence of a defective mu prophage. | the dna inversion systems are made up of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene. five systems are known in prokaryotes: the salmonella typhimurium h segment and hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, escherichia coli e14 p-pin, and shigella sonnei b-pinb systems. in this report a site-specific recombinase (pind) gene of shigella dysenteriae was cloned and sequenced. pind mediated inversion of five known segments at the same extent in e. coli. although one inv s ... | 1997 | 9202481 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | two shigella strains (93-119 and 95-619) isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical to each other. both strains were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis showed that they did ... | 1997 | 9209121 |
| a monoclonal antibody reacts with maltose-binding protein of escherichia coli and related enteric bacteria. | maltose-binding protein (mbp) encoded by male is essential for the energy-dependent translocation of maltose through the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. its property of specific binding to maltose has been used in constructing fusion proteins for easy affinity purification. a monoclonal antibody named mab sc1d7 was produced against escherichia coli mbp. this mab also bound to mbp-containing recombinant proteins in both western blotting and immunoprecipitation analysis. as a result, this mab ca ... | 1997 | 9212834 |
| assembly of a strong promoter following is911 circularization and the role of circles in transposition. | when supplied with high levels of the is911-encoded transposase, is911-based transposons can excise as circles in which the right and left terminal inverted repeats are abutted. formation of the circle junction is shown here to create a promoter, p(junc), which is significantly stronger than the indigenous promoter, pirl, and is also capable of driving expression of the is911 transposition proteins. high transposase expression from the circular transposon may promote use of the circle as an inte ... | 1997 | 9214651 |
| shiga toxin induces medullary tubular injury in isolated perfused rat kidneys. | to investigate the potential direct nephrotoxicity of shiga toxin, a putative mediator for hemolytic uremic syndrome, purified toxin (10(-11) m) was added to isolated rat kidneys perfused for 160 min with a krebs-henseleit acellular medium enriched with albumin and amino acids. kidney function and morphology were examined after perfusion with the shiga toxin vs controls. shiga toxin did not significantly alter renal perfusion flow, glomerular filtration rate, or tubular sodium reabsorption, but ... | 1997 | 9215587 |
| a new cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) from escherichia coli producing cnf2 blocks hela cell division in g2/m phase. | escherichia coli strain 1404, isolated from a septicaemic calf, carries a transferable plasmid called pvir which codes for the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 (cnf2). a 4h interaction between strain 1404 and hela cells induced the formation of giant mononucleated cells blocked in g2/m phase. mating experiments between strain 1404 and a non-pathogenic recipient strain demonstrated that the factor(s) encoded by pvir mediated the cell-cycle arrest. a 3.3 kb dna fragment isolated from a dna bank ... | 1997 | 9220015 |
| to sting or be stung: bacteria-induced apoptosis. | 1997 | 9234503 | |
| sensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to shiga toxin: involvement of protein kinase c and nf-kappab. | infection of humans with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae 1 is strongly associated with vascular endothelial cell damage and the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the cytotoxic effect of shiga toxins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro is enhanced by prior exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) or either of the host cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and interleukin-1beta (il-1). the purpose of this study was to examine individua ... | 1997 | 9234795 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. | shigella dysenteriae type 2 is rare in the united states, and outbreaks associated with this pathogen are uncommon. | 1997 | 9244331 |
| [the role of shigella dysenteriae toxin formation at different stages in the forming of the cellular immune response in experimental animals]. | the immunomodulating action of genetically related pairs of strains of s. dysenteriae 1, differing by the presence of high molecular plasmid with a mol. wt. of 140 md and transposon-mediated mutation in the tox-gene chromosome (4 phenotypes: inv+ tox+; inv+ tox-; inv- tox+; inv- tox-), was studied. the study was carried out with the use of the experimental intraperitoneal infection of cba mice with live shigella cells in a dose of 5x10(7) microbial cells. for the first time the role of shiga tox ... | 1997 | 9245145 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 in zimbabwe. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) is an unusually virulent enteric pathogen which causes endemic or epidemic dysentery with high death rates. sd1 has been responsible for large-scale regional outbreaks of dysentery in africa, central america, and south asia. shigella dysentery epidemics have been reported in africa since the 1800s and overall, more than 250 million people in the african region are at risk and subject to a case fatality rate of possibly 1-10%. in zimbabwe, the 1994 national in ... | 1997 | 12292400 |
| protein folding and unfolding. | 1997 | 20567 | |
| on certain electrical phenomena for the interpretation of ch'i in chinese acupuncture. | the author describes a series of experiments on the "microelectric phenomenon" and tires to give new scientific interpretations of acupuncture. thus, the concept of "2-m-c" was developed, which may generate new hypotheses concerning the modus operandi of needle treatment. | 1997 | 164115 |
| artificial gut in gastrointestinal cancer. | 1997 | 499993 | |
| morbidity pattern in aged persons attending rural health centre in haryana. | 1997 | 2486987 | |
| [prognostic value of bone and marrow lesions in primary myeloid splenomegaly]. | the diagnosis of myelofibrosis depends on three fundamental criteria. myeloid metaplasia of the liver and spleen, absence of philadelphia chromosome and a variable degree of myelofibrosis. it is thus necessary to have available bone and marrow biopsies to make the diagnosis. the analysis of elementary lesions, together with their grouping, was at the origin of various pathological classifications, including those of hickling and jacquillat, chom and ripault. the latter, adopted by most authors, ... | 1997 | 175472 |
| neonatal diagnosis of familial type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. | cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein concentration was measured in a radial immunodiffusion assay in 303 randomly selected, full-term infants whose parental phenotypes were unknown. six infants had elevated concentrations, that is above a cut-off limit of 197 mg/100 ml (97.5th percentile). three of these infants suffered from classic type ii hyperlipoproteinemia, and this diagnosis was confirmed by family studies at follow-up. the three other infants and their parents were shown to be normolipemi ... | 1997 | 175344 |
| [mode of existence of serum lipids]. | 1996 | 173900 | |
| carbohydrate recognition molecules on lymphocytes. | 1996 | 1383059 | |
| the halo orthosis in the treatment of cervical spine injury. | 1996 | 3437145 | |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome in asir region. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is a worldwide disease and a common cause of acute renal failure in childhood. recently the number of cases in our area seems to be increasing. | 1996 | 23008549 |
| outbreak of dysentery is kenya due to multi-resistant polyclonal strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | sixty-eight strains of multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 were isolated from outbreaks of severe dysentery in three areas of kenya, namely, kisumu, mombassa and nairobi. the strains were tested for their susceptibility to seven antibiotics. plasmids were extracted to study their variety and conjugated with escherichia coli k12 to identify the plasmid coding for the resistance gese. all the strains were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (s-t), tetracyciine and c ... | 1996 | 17451306 |
| bacterial diarrhea in laos, a region where cholera was endemic. | there were cholera outbreaks in lao pdr since 1993. two provinces were epidemic areas of cholera in 1993. however the area of cholera occurrence increased to 7 provinces through 1994. then a bacterial survey had done for the purpose of public health improvement. epec was markedly isolated from the hospital in vientiane. in apparent infection of salmonella and non-01 vibrio cholerae with soldiers stationed in the island in mekong river belong to vientiane were pointed out. the outbreak of diarrhe ... | 1996 | 9253874 |
| antidiarrhoeal activities of ocimum gratissimum (lamiaceae). | the antidiarrhoeal activities of leaf extracts of ocimum gratissimum were investigated by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. the extracts were active against aeromonas sobria, escherichia coli, plesiomonas shigelloides, salmonella typhi, and shigella dysenteriae. the leaf extracts were most active against s. dysenteriae and least active against s. typhi. the sensitivity of the organisms measured in terms of zone of inhibition ranged from 8.00 to 19.50 mm. the minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1996 | 9203793 |
| of four murine, anti-shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-polysaccharide antibodies, three employ v-genes that differ extensively from those of the fourth. | three murine, monoclonal antibodies, igm 5286 f2, igm 5297 c1, and igg 5338 h4 were generated against shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp)-conjugate. they are specific for the o-sp, which is a poly-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-al pha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-deoxy-2-amino-n-acetyl-alpha-d-glucopyr anosyl]. the vh and vl genes of these antibodies were cloned and their sequences determined. they showed 93% homology, but were quite dif ... | 1996 | 9129157 |
| molecular typing of multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 by plasmid analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | recently, an outbreak of dysentery due to multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains was reported along the coastal area of kenya and shortly thereafter another outbreak appeared in the outskirts of nairobi. we analysed 22 multi-drug resistant s. dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from cases in the latter outbreak using plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) profiles and pulse-field gel electrophoresis of genomic dna. all isolates were resistant to commonly available drugs including ... | 1996 | 9015526 |
| antibody mediated inhibition of adhesion of shigella dysenteriae 1 to guinea pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | immunoglobulin g (igg) fractions prepared from sera of shigella dysenteriae 1 infected patients during the acute and convalescent phases of illness were found to be effective inhibitors of adhesion of s. dysenteriae cells to guinea pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. the adhesion could also be inhibited by whole sera, their igg fractions, and fab fractions prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with whole bacteria, the outer membrane (om) and lipopolysaccharide. the adhesive capability was b ... | 1996 | 9082146 |
| screening of in vitro antibacterial activity from syzygium guineense (willd) hydrosoluble dry extract. | diarrhoea is one of the most important causes of infant mortality in the world. as modern drugs are expensive or unavailable in developing countries, many people use traditional medicines in africa for the treatment of several diseases. in our study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of syzygium guineense extract in order to assess its activity on some bacterial strains involved in diarrhoeal diseases and to justify its use. the aqueous dry extract was prepared by decoction followed by ... | 1996 | 9008903 |
| hospitalized dysentery cases during an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type i: ndanga district hospital, zimbabwe. | to describe the characteristics of patients admitted with bloody diarrhoea; to assess clinical management; and to identify organisms isolated in laboratories and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | 1996 | 8870316 |
| production, characterization and immunodiagnostic application of a monoclonal antibody to shiga toxin. | a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab ict7) that is specific for shiga toxin was produced. the mab neutralises the cytotoxic effects of both purified shiga toxin and culture extracts of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in hela cells. using mab ict7 and polyclonal rabbit antiserum, a sandwich elisa was developed. this test detects shiga toxin in both s. dysenteriae type 1 bacterial extracts and in stools of patients with s. dysenteriae type 1 infection. the elisa also detects toxin in enterohaemorrhagic es ... | 1996 | 8870402 |
| towards a vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae 1: expression of the shiga toxin b-subunit in an attenuated shigella flexneri arod carrier strain. | shiga toxin is considered to be one of the main causes of severe side effects, such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome, of shigellosis. the genetic determinants for a fusion of its b-subunit (stxb), which mediates toxin binding to target cells, with the cooh-terminus of escherichia coli hemolysin a (stx'-'hlya) has been combined with the determinants of the accessory translocator proteins hlyb and hlyd in a notl cassette. this cassette has been integrated via a mini-transposon into a recombinant v ... | 1996 | 8905616 |
| effect of growth condition on in-vitro susceptibility of shigella dysenteriae type 1 killing by murine peritoneal macrophages. | the intracellular fate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains grown in casamino acid-yeast extract (cye) broth and nutrient broth (nb) was studied in casein-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. virulent strains 14731 and w30864 cultured in nb and opsonised with normal mouse serum were susceptible to killing by peritoneal macrophages (66 sem 1.7% killing by 2 h). in contrast, both strains grown in cye broth and opsonised with normal mouse serum showed resistance to killing by peritoneal macroph ... | 1996 | 8642582 |
| dissociation between cytokine mrna expression and protein production in shigellosis. | in our study, infection with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (n = 16) or shigella flexneri in adults (n = 5) was associated with a gradual accumulation of mrna for interleukin (il)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, il-6, transforming growth factor-beta, il-10, il-4, tnf-beta, interferon (ifn)-gamma and perforin in the rectal biopsy samples during the convalescent stage of the disease demonstrated by in situ hybridization. in contrast, immunohistochemical staining in rectal tissues of cytoki ... | 1996 | 8647178 |
| local entrapment of interferon gamma in the recovery from shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | in healthy controls (n = 8) living in shigella endemic areas, accumulation of interferon gamma (ifn gamma) in the epithelial lining was seen in the rectal tissues. at the single cell level, however, few or no ifn gamma protein producing cells or mrna expressing cells were detected at that site indicating the involvement of the whole large intestine in the production of ifn gamma in controls. persistent numbers of ifn gamma producing cells were detected in the rectum of patients with shigella dys ... | 1996 | 8675083 |
| detection and characterization of the flagellar master operon in the four shigella subgroups. | strains in the genus shigella are nonmotile, but they retain some cryptic flagellar operons whether functional or defective (a.tominaga, m. a.-h. mahmoud, t. mukaihara, and m. enomoto, mol. microbiol. 12:277-285, 1994). to disclose the cause of motility loss in shigellae, the presence or defectiveness of the flhd and flhc genes, composing the master operon whose mutation causes inactivation of the entire flagellar regulon, was examined in the four shigella subgroups. the flhd operon cloned from ... | 1996 | 8682772 |
| nalidixic acid-resistant shigella dysenteriae type i in kwazulu-natal. | 1996 | 8685796 | |
| an outbreak of dysentery in zambia. | 1996 | 8685797 | |
| construction of recombinant aroa salmonellae stably producing the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen and structural characterization of the salmonella/shigella hybrid lps. | the tn501 mercury resistant transposon containing the rfp and rfb loci encoding biosynthesis of the o-antigen of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 lipopolysaccharide (lps) was constructed and introduced into aroa mutants of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella dublin. in five recombinant strains, both homologous lps and hybrid lps, consisting of salmonella lipid a-core and shigella o-antigen, were produced. all derivatives but one (sl3235) stably inherited the new trait. immunofluorescence micros ... | 1996 | 8692007 |
| potential virulence of viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1. | we examined a virulent strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after induction into the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state for its ability to (i) maintain the shiga toxin (stx) gene; (ii) maintain biologically active shiga toxin (sht); and (iii) adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (henle 407 cell line). pcr was used to amplify the stx gene from vbnc cells of s. dysenteriae type 1, thereby establishing its presence even when cells are in the vbnc state. vbnc s. dysenteriae type 1 sht was monit ... | 1996 | 8572688 |
| differentiation-associated toxin receptor modulation, cytokine production, and sensitivity to shiga-like toxins in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. | infections with shiga toxin-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1 or shiga-like toxin (slt)-producing escherichia coli cause bloody diarrhea and are associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure and severe neurological complications. histopathological examination of human and animal tissues suggests that the target cells for toxin action are vascular endothelial cells. proinflammatory cytokines regulate endothelial cell membrane expression of the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (gb(3 ... | 1996 | 8606075 |
| changes in the peripheral blood t-cell receptor v beta repertoire in vivo and in vitro during shigellosis. | a sequential activation of t cells in peripheral blood during shigello sis has been observer (d. islam, p.k. bradham, a. a. lindberg, and b. christensson, infect. immun 63:2941-2949, 1995). to further investigate the cellular response during the course of shigella infection, changes in the t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire in the subsets in blood in patients during shigellosis was that shigella antigens may modulate the function of t cells carrying tcrs capable of recognizing shigella-specific ep ... | 1996 | 8606106 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1994]. | 1996 | 8711142 | |
| insertion and orientation of a synthetic peptide representing the c-terminus of the a1 domain of shiga toxin into phospholipid membranes. | shiga toxin is a bacterial protein composed of one a and five b subunits. its a chain possesses a protease sensitive loop (cys-242-cys-261) that is cleaved to produce an enzymatically active a1 domain and an a2 fragment associated with its b subunit pentamer. the proposed mode of action of the toxin is linked to its retrograde transport to the er lumen followed by the translocation of its catalytic a1 chain to the cytoplasmic side of the er membrane. a signal sequence-like domain (residues 220-2 ... | 1996 | 8755710 |
| bloody diarrhoea of adults in malawi: clinical features, infectious agents, and antimicrobial sensitivities. | in a prospective study, 132 hospital out-patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea ('cases') were evaluated in malawi, central africa; 73 out-patient tuberculosis suspects acted as controls. most (100/132, 76%) subjects reported an illness lasting < or = 5 d with > 5 bowel actions in the preceding 12 h; 39/132 (30%) reported use of systemic antimicrobial drugs in the preceding week; 57% (74/130) had a body mass index < 20; 4% (5/131) were febrile; and 18/130 (13%) had one or more sign(s) of dehy ... | 1996 | 8758078 |
| azithromycin prophylaxis prevents epidemic dysentery. | 1996 | 8758091 | |
| shigella infections. | shigella dysentery is a major public-health problem in many tropical areas. despite improvements in water supplies and sanitation, it continues to be a disease of poor rural and urban communities and in populations affected by migration and crowding following disasters. pathogenesis is due to colonic invasion, endotoxin, and, in shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin. as well as the local manifestations of dysentery, systemic complications include convulsions, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, hyponatra ... | 1996 | 8762400 |
| murine splenocyte proliferation by porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and inhibition of bacterial invasion of hela cell by anti-porin antibody. | the purified porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 showed strong mitogenic activity for murine splenocytes. preincubation of s. dysenteriae type 1 with anti-porin antibody reduced the bacterial plaque formation in hela cell monolayers by 45%. the two immunobiological activities indicate that porin might be important in the induction of protective immunity against shigellosis. | 1996 | 8764507 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of 299 strains of shigella isolated in burundi]. | bacillary dysentery which occurs endemoepidemically in burundi is currently on the rise and requires close epidemiologic and therapeutic monitoring. sensitivity tests using 13 antibiotics were performed on 299 strains of shigella isolated at the biology laboratory of the bujumbura university hospital center. the technique used to test antibiotic sensitivity was the disc diffusion method described by chabert et al. of the 299 strains studied, 250 (83.6%) were species of shigella dysenteriae type ... | 1996 | 8767790 |
| antibody response to outer membrane proteins in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection with special reference to appearance of murine antibodies. | in shigellosis, the protective immune mechanism is not well established. the bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) may have a role in the induction of immunity due to their outwardly location. the serum antibody response of s. dysenteriae type 1 infected patients against omps was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a striking elevation of serum igg response was noted during the convalescent phase. murine antiserum directed against s. dysenteriae 1 omps was found to be highl ... | 1996 | 8783518 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of potash alum. | this study reports the bactericidal activity of potash alum when added to water, against various epidemic causing enteric pathogens like vibrio cholerae 01, v. cholerae 0139 and shigella dysenteriae 1 by lowering the ph of water (from 6.0 to 4.0). growth of the enteric pathogens was monitored in vitro by inoculating broth cultures of the different organisms in distilled water containing increasing concentrations of potash alum and quantitatively determining the concentration of viable organisms ... | 1996 | 8783521 |
| immunomagnetic separation and pcr detection show shigellae to be common faecal agents in children from urban marginal communities of costa rica. | culture and immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assays (ims-pcr) were used to isolate and identify shigella flexneri, s. dysenteriae type i and s. sonnei in faeces from 250 children up to 5 years and from their mothers (n = 143) selected at random from a large urban marginal community of costa rica. children hospitalized because of severe diarrhoea (n = 110) were also studied. only s. flexneri, mainly serotype 2a, and s. sonnei were found by culture. all specimens in which shigel ... | 1996 | 8793710 |
| purification of a cell-associated hemagglutinin from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a cell-associated hemagglutinin (ha) was isolated and purified from a clinical isolate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 by affinity chromatography on a fetuin-agarose column. the purified hemagglutinin produced a single-stained protein band of around 66 kda in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). in an immunodiffusion test, ha-antisera produced a single precipitin band against the purified ha without exhibiting any reactivity towards lipopolysaccharide (lps) of s. ... | 1996 | 8809540 |
| absorption of macronutrients from a calorie-dense diet in malnourished children during acute shigellosis. | a metabolic balance study was performed to determine the absorption of macronutrients and energy from different food items in 23 malnourished children aged 12 to 48 months with clinically severe acute dysentery due to shigellosis. in a 72-h balance period, the absorption of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and total energy was determined. all the children received a standard hospital diet; 12 children in the test group were offered an additional calorie-dense milk (5.0 kj/ml with a protein-energy rat ... | 1996 | 8811519 |
| [physicians without borders and diarrhea as a cause of illness and death in refugee camps]. | 1996 | 8815408 | |
| lipopolysaccharide-specific antibodies in plasma and stools of children with shigella-associated leukemoid reaction and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigellae were compared between children with uncomplicated and complicated shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. one hundred fifteen children between 12 and 60 months of age with s. dysenteriae 1 infection were studied. of these children, 42 had complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome [complicated shigellosis] and 73 had no complications (uncomplicated shigellosis). antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae 1 and shigell ... | 1996 | 8914761 |
| tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. | tetracycline-resistant bacteria were first isolated in 1953 from shigella dysenteriae, a bacterium which causes bacterial dysentery. since then tetracycline-resistant bacterial have been found in increasing numbers of species and genera. this has resulted in reduced effectiveness of tetracycline therapy over time. tetracycline resistance is normally due to the acquisition of new genes often associated with either a mobile plasmid or a transposon. these tetracycline resistance determinants are di ... | 1996 | 8916553 |
| semiquantitative estimation of shigella antigen-specific antibodies: correlation with disease severity during shigellosis. | systemic and mucosal antibody responses during shigellosis were analysed and correlated with clinical severity. patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sdip), and s. flexneri (sfip) were grouped according to disease severity. the disease was more severe in sdip than in sfip. higher levels of shigella antigen-specific serum antibodies were associated with severe disease. in contrast, decreased serum levels of igg, igm and total protein were associated with severe disease. faecal level ... | 1996 | 8920810 |
| [cholera in goma, july 1994. bioforce]. | in 1994, between july 14 and july 20, around one million of rwandan refugees fled to the north kivu region of zaire. in spite of the existence of favorable conditions for cholera, it was necessary to wait until the laboratories isolated the first strain of cholera, on july 20 and 21, before the international community took action in one of the most important outbreaks of cholera known. the total number of cases of cholera was 36 471, of which half occurred between july 21 and july 27, reaching a ... | 1996 | 8927778 |
| characterization of is199 from streptococcus mutans v403. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the insertion sequence is199 has been determined. this novel element was found in streptococcus mutans v403 where dna hybridization studies suggested that it was present in multiple copies on the genome. is199 is 1220 bp and appears unique to the mutans streptococci. a limited epidemiological survey revealed this element to occur infrequently in this group (4/50 strains examined). is199 belongs to the is3 family of procaryotic insertion sequence elements. it c ... | 1996 | 8938047 |
| differentiation of bacterial 16s rrna genes and intergenic regions and mycobacterium tuberculosis katg genes by structure-specific endonuclease cleavage. | we describe here a new approach for analyzing nucleic acid sequences using a structure-specific endonuclease, cleavase i. we have applied this technique to the detection and localization of mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis and for differentiating bacterial genera, species and strains. the technique described here is based on the observation that single strands of dnas can assume defined conformations, which can be detected and cleaved by structure-spec ... | 1996 | 8940459 |
| is911-mediated transpositional recombination in vitro. | a cell-free system is described that accomplishes an unusual type of transposition/recombination involving the bacterial insertion sequence is911. using a plasmid substrate carrying a derivative of is911, we show that bacterial cell extracts enriched for the is911 transposase, orfab, carry out a single-strand cleavage and transfer reaction. this results in the formation of a figure-eight molecule in which a single strand of the element is circularized, faithfully reproducing an event previously ... | 1996 | 8950268 |
| serological identification of infection by verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | one hundred sera from patients with haemolytic ureamic syndrome were screened for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli serogroup o5, o26, o115, o128, o145 and o153, and shigella dysenteriae 1. three sera contained antibodies to the lps of e. coli belonging to serogroup o5. | 1996 | 8987714 |
| alterations in lymphocyte phenotype and function in children with shigellosis who develop complications. | this study was designed to see whether alterations occur in peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotype and function in children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection with complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome) and whether there are any alterations prior to the development of complications. the following groups of children (ages, 12 to 60 months) were compared: children without any infection (n = 51), children with uncomplicated shigellosis (n = 65), children admitte ... | 1996 | 8991634 |
| [etiological investigation on diarrhoeal diseases in the rural area of suixian county, yu dong plain in china]. | to study the etiology of diarrhoeal diseases in the rural area, we carried out a study on diarrhoeal diseases in two natural villages. 15 kinds of diarrhoeal pathogens including 172 strains were isolated from 318 patients with diarrhoea making the isolation rate 49.37%; 12 kinds of diarrhoeal pathogens and 69 strains were isolated from 310 healthy controls and the isolation rate was 22.26%; 6 kinds of diarrhoeal pathogens and 44 strains were isolated in 405 samples obtained from the envronmenfal ... | 1996 | 9387573 |
| antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi and shigella dysenteriae. | the antimicrobial activity of three plants extracts--momordica charantia, alstonia boonei, and ocimum bacilicum on pure and viable cultures of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi and shigella dysenterae was examined. cold maceration method of extraction using 95% ethanol was used for the extraction of the active constituents of the leaves. filter paper disks which were 6 mm in diameter were used for sensitivity testing. results showed that the extracts from the leaves of the three plants have ... | 1996 | 9532310 |
| diarrhoea in children in papua new guinea. | national data for diarrhoeal disease in children can only be used as a very rough guide to morbidity and mortality, since they are based on incomplete reporting. furthermore, when only one diagnosis per attendance, admission or cause of death is recorded, the true importance of diarrhoea as a cause of morbidity and mortality may be obscured. this may in part explain discrepancies between figures recorded in national and hospital statistics and those recorded in detailed studies of diarrhoeal adm ... | 1995 | 9522866 |
| emergence of nalidixic acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in thailand: an outbreak associated with consumption of a coconut milk dessert. | although shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been responsible for large outbreaks of severe dysentery in many parts of asia, relatively few cases of this disease have been reported from thailand and have generally not involved nalidixic acid resistant strains. | 1995 | 8824867 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated in rwandan refugee camps in zaire]. | multiresistance or epidemic enteric bacteria to antibiotics greatly complicates treatment, and in some cases prophylaxis, of severe invasive gastroenteritis. during the summer of 1994, two epidemics of diarrhea, one due to vibrio cholerae and the other to shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated from the goma and bukavu camps was determined by measurement of the agar minimal inhibitory concentration. multiresistance to tetracyclins, aminopenicillins, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and nifuroxazide was obs ... | 1995 | 8830219 |
| surface display compared to periplasmic expression of a malarial antigen in salmonella typhimurium and its implications for immunogenicity. | two different expression systems were investigated for the production of an 80 amino acid polypeptide, m3, from the c-terminus of the plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigen pf155/resa in an attenuated salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain. upon expression, the malarial polypeptide was targeted either to the periplasm as a soluble fusion protein containing two igg-binding domains (zz) from the staphylococcal protein a or, to the bacterial surface as an insert within a chimeric outer membrane p ... | 1995 | 8745001 |
| shigellosis in thai children: experience from a rural hospital 1985-1993. | six hundred and ninety-four cases of shigellosis in nakhon nayok hospital from january 1985 to december 1993 were studied to determine epidemiologic and microbiological features. forty-five percent of cases were children under the age of 14 years. the majority of cases were in children under the age of four. the organism was found throughout the year, with peak incidence in june and july. the most common type isolated was shigella flexneri, about 74.43%. only 0.32% of organisms were shigella dys ... | 1995 | 8629073 |
| [species and serovar-distribution, and drug-resistance of shigella strains isolated from imported and domestic cases from 1990 through 1994 in tokyo]. | a total of 446 shigella strains consisting of 336 imported and 110 domestic strains isolated in tokyo from 1990 to 1994 were examined for their species and serovar-distribution, and their drug-resistance. in both imported and domestic strains, s. sonnei was found to be the most prevalent species, followed by s. flexneri. in imported strains, however, the isolation frequency of s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. dysenteriae were higher than that of domestic strains, and the serovar of each species was ... | 1995 | 8586884 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome following shigella dysenteriae type 1 outbreak in zimbabwe: a clinical experience. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 related dysentery outbreak in zimbabwe at the end of 1992 has been associated with an increase in the frequency of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). in order to document this new clinical experience a retrospective study was undertaken to document clinical and laboratory features, treatment and outcome of children with hus. during the period january 1993 to june 1994, 96 children with hus were seen at the referral hospitals in harare. severe and prolonged anaemia was ... | 1995 | 8591635 |
| expression of flagella and motility by shigella. | since the discovery of shigella as the aetiologic agent of acute dysentery almost 100 years ago, this organism has been described as a non-motile and nonflagellated organism that invades the human colonic mucosa. in this study, the production of flagella by prototypic strains of all four shigella species and, moreover, by fresh clinical isolates was demonstrated by electron microscopy. the flagellum of shigella (flash) is approximately 10 microns long and 12-14 nm in diameter and is typically se ... | 1995 | 8596461 |
| [technology of processing carbonized root of sanguisorba of ficinalis l. and the quality standards for its prepared pieces]. | the technology of processing carbonized root of sanguisorba of ficinalis was selected using orthogonal experiment design. the result shows that the best way is to stir-fry the drug in a pan for 7.5 min at 250 degrees c. the contents of trace elements in the prepared piece are significantly increased, and the prepared piece have marked hemostatic and bacteriostastic effects. | 1995 | 8703334 |
| epidemic dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1: a sentinel site surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in burundi. | annual epidemics of bacillary dysentery have been a public health problem in burundi for the last 14 years. recent civil unrest, resulting in the displacement of large numbers of people into refugee settlements, has aggravated the situation. we report the results of a nationwide, health-centre based, sentinel site survey to check the drug resistance of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1), the causal organism of such epidemics. shigella spp. (of which 97% were sd1) were isolated from 73% of the 126 ... | 1995 | 8907772 |
| does treatment of bloody diarrhea due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 with ampicillin precipitate hemolytic uremic syndrome? | 1995 | 8903184 | |
| serogroup prevalence of shigellae in bombay. | prevalence of shigellae serotypes in bombay was studied from june 1988 to may 1991. a total of 2758 faecal specimens were collected from paediatric patients (< 12 yrs) with acute gastroenteritis. a total of 90 shigella were isolated giving the isolation rate of 3.2%. shigella flexneri was the predominant serogroup (73.3%) followed by shigella dysenteriae (16.6%). all the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid. eighty percent of the shigellae were multidrug resistant. present data were compare ... | 1995 | 10707731 |
| significance of the secreted form of ipac, a 45 kda protein of shigella dysenteriae 1, in the invasive process as determined by monoclonal antibodies. | invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac), a 45 kda plasmid encoded protein, is associated with the virulence of virulent shigella spp. in s. dysenteriae type 1 the 45 kda ipac protein is secreted to a greater extent into the surrounding medium in comparison to other shigella spp. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the secreted form of ipac protein were raised in this study. of the four secretory hybrid cells, one (3g4) was found to have a very high antibody titre as determined by elisa. the specificity of ... | 1995 | 7533114 |
| relationships between rfb gene clusters required for biosynthesis of identical d-galactose-containing o antigens in klebsiella pneumoniae serotype o1 and serratia marcescens serotype o16. | the lipopolysaccharide o antigens of klebsiella pneumoniae serotype o1 and serratia marcescens serotype o16 both contain a repeating unit disaccharide of [-->3)-beta-d-galf-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->]; the resulting polymer is known as d-galactan i. in k. pneumoniae serotype o1, the genes responsible for the synthesis of d-galactan i are found in the rfb gene cluster (rfbkpo1). we report here the cloning and analysis of the rfb cluster from s. marcescens serotype o16 (rfbsmo16). this is the firs ... | 1995 | 7533758 |
| structural elucidation of the o-antigen lipopolysaccharide from two strains of plesiomonas shigelloides that share a type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri 6, and the common group 1 antigen with shigella flexneri spp and shigella dysenteriae 1. | sugar and methylation analyses of native polysaccharides together with one-dimensional 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy revealed that the two polysaccharides from strains 22074 and 12254 of plesiomonas shigelloides are identical. the structure of the polysaccharide from strain 22074 was deduced from a uronic acid degradation and by nmr spectroscopy where heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity and two-dimensional nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments established the pentasaccharide rep ... | 1995 | 7544287 |
| expression of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigenic polysaccharide by shigella flexneri arod vaccine candidates and different s. flexneri serotypes. | the potential utility of shigella flexneri arod vaccine candidates for the development of bi- or multivalent vaccines has been explored by the introduction of the genetic determinants rfp and rfb for heterologous o antigen polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. the serotype y vaccine strain sfl124 expressed the heterologous antigen qualitatively and quantitatively well, qualitatively in the sense of the o antigen polysaccharide being correctly linked to the s. flexneri lipopolysacc ... | 1995 | 7545156 |
| role of rfe and rfbf in the initiation of biosynthesis of d-galactan i, the lipopolysaccharide o antigen from klebsiella pneumoniae serotype o1. | the 6.6-kb rfb gene cluster from klebsiella pneumoniae serotype o1 (rfbkpo1) contains six genes whose products are required for the biosynthesis of a lipopolysaccharide o antigen with the following repeating unit structure: -->3-beta-d-galf-1-->3-alpha-d-galp-1-->(d-galactan i). rfbfkpo1 is the last gene in the cluster, and its gene product is required for the initiation of d-galactan i synthesis. escherichia coli k-12 strains expressing the rfbfkpo1 polypeptide contain dual galactopyranosyl and ... | 1995 | 7559323 |
| evaluation of commercial antisera for shigella serogrouping. | shigella serogrouping antisera from six companies (becton dickinson, denka, difco, murex, roach, and sanofi-pasteur) intended for the slide agglutination test and those of the wellcolex colour shigella latex agglutination test were evaluated to identify quality products for shigella identification. forty-six reference shigella strains (one for each serotype and species), 50 clinical strains (21 s. flexneri, 21 s. sonnei, 4 s. dysenteriae, 4 s. boydii) representing the most prevalent species and ... | 1995 | 7559936 |
| distribution of the cytolethal distending toxin a gene (cdta) among species of shigella and vibrio, and cloning and sequencing of the cdt gene from shigella dysenteriae. | we investigated the distribution of the cytolethal distending toxin a gene (cdta) among s. dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae 01 and vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers constructed from the nucleotide sequences of escherichia coli cdta gene reported independently by scott and kaper (infect immun 1994; 62: 244-51) and by pickett et al. (infect immun 1994; 62: 1046-51). the cdta gene reported by scott and kaper was found to occur among eight of the 35 strains of s. d ... | 1995 | 7565011 |
| cytokines in the stools of children with complicated shigellosis. | the pathogenesis of the systemic complications, leukemoid reaction and hemolytic uremic syndrome, associated with shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection is not well understood. the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin 6 (il-6), has been suggested as a possible factor. we measured il-6 and tnf-alpha in stools of 56 children with s. dysenteriae 1 infection and 29 children without any apparent infection, all age 12 to 60 ... | 1995 | 7583932 |
| synthesis of specifically deoxygenated disaccharide derivatives of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-antigen. | the synthesis of methyl o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galactopyranosides specifically deoxygenated at position 2 (31), or 4 (21) of the rhamnopyranosyl residue was accomplished using methyl 3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (18) as the glycosyl acceptor. phenyl thionocarbonate activation of the penta-o-benzoylated disaccharide precursor followed by barton reduction and zemplén transesterification gave 31, while 21 was obtained via condensation of the deoxygenated monosacc ... | 1995 | 7585707 |
| c reactive protein and prealbumin as markers of disease activity in shigellosis. | to evaluate serum c reactive protein (crp) and prealbumin concentrations as markers of disease activity in shigellosis this study serially measured serum concentrations of crp and prealbumin in 39 patients infected with shigella spp, and a comparison group of 10 patients infected with vibrio cholerae serotype 01. on admission, patients with shigellosis had significantly higher median concentrations of crp (109 v 5 mg/l; p < 0.01) and significantly lower median concentrations of prealbumin (16 v ... | 1995 | 7590438 |
| surface components of shigellae involved in adhesion and haemagglutination. | strains of shigella species were studied for their ability to adhere and agglutinate mammalian erythrocytes. shigella dysenteriae and sh. flexneri exhibited haemagglutinating (ha) properties when cultured in casamino acids-yeast extract (cye) broth in the presence of 1 mmol 1-1 calcium chloride, but other shigellae did not show this property under the same culture conditions. repeated subcultivation of sh. boydii, sh. sonnei and ha negative strains of sh. dysenteriae and sh. flexneri in cye brot ... | 1995 | 7592115 |
| synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of novel fe(iii), co(ii), and zn(ii) complexes with norfloxacin. | three novel complexes of norfloxacin (abbreviated as nfl), [m(nfl)2(h2o)2]cl3.6h2o, (m = fe, co), and [zn(nfl)2]cl2.7h2o, have been prepared. the compounds were characterized by ir, uv-vis, nmr spectra, molar conductivity, and elemental analyses. in all of the complexes, the ligand nfl was coordinated through two carboxyl oxygen atoms. octahedral and tetrahegon geometries have been proposed for fe(iii)-, co(ii)-complexes and zn(ii)-complex, respectively. in vitro test of susceptibility of fe(iii ... | 1995 | 7595471 |
| detection of provisional serovars of shigella dysenteriae and designation as s. dysenteriae serotypes 14 and 15. | in initial studies of slide and tube agglutination tests of shigella-like isolates from diarrheal stools from bangladesh, 10 and 8 strains of shigella dysenteriae were identified as provisional serovars (serovars that have been defined but not given a number in the antigenic schema) e22383 and e23507, respectively. further screening of diarrheal stool isolates in a slide agglutination test with antisera (made with the international reference strains) to the two provisional serovars of s. dysente ... | 1995 | 7615772 |
| shigella infection induces cellular activation of t and b cells and distinct species-related changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during the course of the disease. | immunophenotypic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes (t, b, and nk cells) in patients during shigellosis was characterized by using triple-color flow cytometry. eleven shigella dysenteriae 1-infected adult patients (sdip), 11 shigella flexneri-infected adult patients (sfip), 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from bangladesh (c-b), and 15 healthy volunteers from sweden (v-s) were studied. in sdip and sfip, a significant increase in the cd45ro+ cells in both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells were s ... | 1995 | 7622216 |