Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| application of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles as oligonucleotide labels for the electrochemical detection of nos terminator gene sequences. | a mercaptoacetic acid (maa)-modified cadmium sulfide (cds) nanoparticle was synthesized in aqueous solution and used as an oligonucleotide label for the electrochemical detection of nopaline synthase (nos) terminator gene sequence. the carboxyl groups on the surface of the cds nanoparticle can be easily covalently linked with nh2-modified nos oligonucleotide probe sequences. the target ssdna sequence was fixed onto the electrode surface by covalently linking to a mercaptoethanol self-assembled g ... | 2007 | 17938892 |
| promoter-trap identification of wheat seed extract-induced genes in the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense sp245. | azospirillum strains have been used as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) of cereal crops, but their adaptation to the root remains poorly understood. here, we used a global approach based on differential fluorescence induction (dfi) promoter trapping to identify genes of the wheat isolate azospirillum brasilense sp245 that are induced in the presence of spring wheat seed extracts. fluorescence-based flow cytometry sorting of sp245 cells was validated using placz, psbpa and pnifh promot ... | 2007 | 17906157 |
| genetic diversity of a natural population of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae nodulating plants of vicia faba in the vesuvian area. | a total of 98 rhizobial strains, isolated during the winter of the years 2003 (35 isolates), 2004 (33 isolates), and 2005 (30 isolates) were analyzed to determine the genetic diversity of the natural population nodulating vicia faba plants and to identify dominant genotypes. all isolates were identified as rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae by biovar-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nodc gene. intraspecific dna polymorphism was evaluated through the restriction endonucleas ... | 2007 | 17899266 |
| structure and specificity of a quorum-quenching lactonase (aiib) from agrobacterium tumefaciens. | n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (ahl) mediated quorum-sensing regulates virulence factor production in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. proteins capable of degrading these autoinducers have been called "quorum-quenching" enzymes, can block many quorum-sensing dependent phenotypes, and represent potentially useful reagents for clinical, agricultural, and industrial applications. the most characterized quorum-quenching enzymes to date are the ahl lactonases, which are metalloproteins that belong t ... | 2007 | 17900178 |
| phenotypic and genotypic diversity of genista saharae microsymbionts from the infra-arid region of tunisia. | aims: genista saharae, indigenous of sahara, is a spontaneous shrub that plays an important ecological role for the preservation and fertility of poor and eroded soils. this legume has not been examined for its root nodule bacteria. the taxonomic diversity of bacteria from root nodules of g. saharae growing in the infra-arid region of tunisia was investigated. methods and results: a total of 28 bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of g. saharae grown in tunisian soil were characterized u ... | 2007 | 17916130 |
| agrobacterium vird2-binding protein is involved in tumorigenesis and redundantly encoded in conjugative transfer gene clusters. | agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer oncogenic t-dna into plant cells; t-dna transfer is mechanistically similar to a conjugation process. vird2 is the pilot protein that guides the transfer, because it is covalently associated with single-stranded t-dna to form the transfer substrate t-complex. we used the vird2 protein as an affinity ligand to isolate vird2-binding proteins (vbps). by pull-down assays and peptide-mass-fingerprint matching, we identified an a. tumefaciens protein designated v ... | 2007 | 17918622 |
| novel reiterated fnr-type proteins control the production of the symbiotic terminal oxidase cbb3 in rhizobium etli cfn42. | symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria express a terminal oxidase with a high oxygen affinity, the cbb3-type oxidase encoded by the fixnoqp operon. previously, we have shown that, in rhizobium etli cfn42, the repeatedfixnoqp operons (fixnoqpd and fixnoqpf) have a differential role in nitrogen fixation. only the fixnoqpd operon is required for the establishment of an effective symbiosis; microaerobic induction of this operon is under the control of at least three transcriptional regulators, fixkf, fn ... | 2007 | 17918626 |
| structural basis for antiactivation in bacterial quorum sensing. | bacteria can communicate via diffusible signal molecules they generate and release to coordinate their behavior in response to the environment. signal molecule concentration is often proportional to bacterial population density, and when this reaches a critical concentration, reflecting a bacterial quorum, specific behaviors including virulence, symbiosis, and horizontal gene transfer are activated. quorum-sensing regulation in many gram-negative bacteria involves acylated homoserine lactone sig ... | 2007 | 17921255 |
| chromosomal and symbiotic relationships of rhizobia nodulating medicago truncatula and m. laciniata. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is a sequence-based method used to characterize bacterial genomes. this method was used to examine the genetic structure of medicago-nodulating rhizobia at the amra site, which is located in an arid region of tunisia. here the annual medics medicago laciniata and m. truncatula are part of the natural flora. the goal of this study was to identify whether distinct chromosomal groups of rhizobia nodulate m. laciniata because of its restricted requirement for specif ... | 2007 | 17921275 |
| multiple superoxide dismutases in agrobacterium tumefaciens: functional analysis, gene regulation, and influence on tumorigenesis. | agrobacterium tumefaciens possesses three iron-containing superoxide dismutases (fesods) encoded by distinct genes with differential expression patterns. sodbi and sodbii are cytoplasmic isozymes, while sodbiii is a periplasmic isozyme. sodbi is expressed at a high levels throughout all growth phases. sodbii expression is highly induced upon exposure to superoxide anions in a soxr-dependent manner. sodbiii is expressed only during stationary phase. analysis of the physiological function of sods ... | 2007 | 17921294 |
| stable recombinase-mediated cassette exchange in arabidopsis using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | site-specific integration is an attractive method for the improvement of current transformation technologies aimed at the production of stable transgenic plants. here, we present a cre-based targeting strategy in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (rmce) of transferred dna (t-dna) delivered by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the rationale for effective rmce is the precise exchange of a genomic and a replacement cassette both flanked by two heterospecific l ... | 2007 | 17921337 |
| metabolic reconstruction and modeling of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium etli. | rhizobiaceas are bacteria that fix nitrogen during symbiosis with plants. this symbiotic relationship is crucial for the nitrogen cycle, and understanding symbiotic mechanisms is a scientific challenge with direct applications in agronomy and plant development. rhizobium etli is a bacteria which provides legumes with ammonia (among other chemical compounds), thereby stimulating plant growth. a genome-scale approach, integrating the biochemical information available for r. etli, constitutes an im ... | 2007 | 17922569 |
| infection process and the interaction of rice roots with rhizobia. | most rhizobial strains inhibit rice root growth in the presence of calcium or potassium nitrates, but not ammonium nitrate. certain rhizobial strains, however, such as strain r4, do not inhibit rice growth and can enter rice roots and multiply in the intercellular spaces. by using the green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a visual marker, it was found that rhizobium became intimately associated with rice seedling roots within 24-48 h. during this initial period it was observed that strain r4 could ... | 2007 | 17925300 |
| modulation of bacterial quorum sensing with synthetic ligands: systematic evaluation of n-acylated homoserine lactones in multiple species and new insights into their mechanisms of action. | bacteria use a language of low molecular weight ligands to assess their population densities in a process called quorum sensing. this chemical signaling process plays a pivotal role both in the pathogenesis of infectious disease and in beneficial symbioses. there is intense interest in the development of synthetic ligands that can intercept quorum-sensing signals and attenuate these divergent outcomes. both broad-spectrum and species-selective modulators of quorum sensing hold significant value ... | 2007 | 17927181 |
| a genome-wide gain-of function analysis of rice genes using the fox-hunting system. | the latest report has estimated the number of rice genes to be approximately 32,000. to elucidate the functions of a large population of rice genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, we have been taking advantage of the full-length cdna over-expresser (fox) gene-hunting system. this system is very useful for analyzing various gain-of-function phenotypes from large populations of transgenic plants overexpressing cdnas of interest and others with unknown or important functi ... | 2007 | 17929174 |
| [the effect of the phenolic compounds exuded by pea roots in darkness on the reproduction of rhizobium]. | the exudation, composition, and biological activity of the phenolic compounds (pc) of pea (pisum sativum l.) roots in the light and darkness were studied. the roots of leguminous plants grown for 5 days in darkness exuded a smaller amount of pc that displayed a weaker stimulation of rhizobium reproduction. moreover, the root exudates contained antimicrobial compounds, stilbenes. it is assumed that a lower pc exudation by roots and the specific features of pc composition influencing the biologica ... | 2007 | 17929577 |
| the pclean dual binary vector system for agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. | the development of novel transformation vectors is essential to the improvement of plant transformation technologies. here, we report the construction and testing of a new multifunctional dual binary vector system, pclean, for agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. the pclean vectors are based on the widely used pgreen/psoup system and the pclean-g/pclean-s plasmids are fully compatible with the existing pgreen/psoup vectors. a single agrobacterium can harbor (1) pclean-g and psoup, (2) pg ... | 2007 | 17932303 |
| biologically active human gm-csf produced in the seeds of transgenic rice plants. | rice flour is a well-known and characterized source of pharmaceutical ingredients, which are gluten-free and incorporated in many drug delivery applications such as excipient starch. to further exploit this uniqueness, the synthetic capacity of rice endosperm tissue, the basis of rice flour, was extended by genetic transformation. recombinant human gm-csf, a cytokine used in treating neutropenia and with other potential clinical applications, has been expressed in transgenic rice seeds using a r ... | 2007 | 17985214 |
| chloroplast-like organelles were found in enucleate sieve elements of transgenic plants overexpressing a proteinase inhibitor. | sapin2a, a plant proteinase inhibitor from nightshade (solanum americanum), was located to the enucleate sieve elements (ses) of phloem. the expressed sapin2a in transgenic lettuce showed inhibition of plant endogenous trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities, suggesting that sapin2a can regulate proteolysis in plant cells. to further investigate the physiological role of sapin2a, we produced transgenic nightshade and lettuce plants overexpressing sapin2a from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv ... | 2007 | 17986772 |
| complete assignments of nmr data of 13 hydroxymethoxyflavones. | diosmetin, 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone shows chemopreventive, antimutagenic, and antiallergic effects. on the other hand, chrysoeriol, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone induced nodabc-lacz in rhizobium meliloti. both of them belong to hydroxymethoxy- flavones. one major difference between diosmetin and chrysoeriol is the substituted position of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups. in order to elucidate the relationships between their structures and activity, one of the first things to be done ... | 2007 | 17987643 |
| [hairy root induction and plant regeneration of rehmannia glutinosa libosch. f. hueichingensis (chao et schih) hsiao transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes]. | an efficient system of genetic transformation and plant regeneration was established in rehmannia glutinosa libosch. f. hueichingensis (chao et schih) hsiao by infecting the segments of leaves, stems and petioles of young regenerated plantlets with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. hairy roots were produced directly from the wounded surface of the explants on hormone-free murashige and skoog (ms) medium after infection by a. rhizogenes. transformed roots grew rapidly either on solid or on l ... | 2007 | 17966459 |
| the virb5 protein localizes to the t-pilus tips in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens virb/d4 type iv secretion system (t4ss) mediates the transfer of single-stranded dna and protein virulence factors into plant cells, and also determines the assembly of the t-pilus, which is believed to play a role in host recognition. the t-pilus is composed of the major component virb2 and the minor component virb5. using immuno-electron microscopy we detected the major component virb2 along the entire length of detached t-pili, but not on cell-bound t-pili or on ... | 2007 | 17975085 |
| plant protection by the recombinant, root-colonizing pseudomonas fluorescens f113rifpcb strain expressing arsenic resistance: improving rhizoremediation. | the present study was designed to evaluate the stable insertion and expression of an arsenic resistance operon in the rhizosphere competent, pcb degrading strain pseudomonas fluorescens f113rifpcb (f113rifpcb) and to investigate its ability to protect plants from arsenic. | 2007 | 17944844 |
| trojan horse strategy in agrobacterium transformation: abusing mapk defense signaling. | nuclear import of transfer dna (t-dna) is a central event in agrobacterium transformation of plant cells and is thought to occur by the hijacking of certain host cell proteins. the t-dna-associated virulence protein vire2 mediates this process by binding to the nuclear import machinery via the host cell factor vip1, whose role in plants has been so far unknown. here we show that vip1 is a transcription factor that is a direct target of the agrobacterium-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase ( ... | 2007 | 17947581 |
| fluorescent protein fusions for protein localization in plants. | protein localization in living plant cells is commonly studied using fluorescent protein fusions. stable transformation of plant cells requires the use of binary vectors, which are larger and not as amenable to genetic manipulation as animal cell transfection vectors. binary vectors containing fluorescent protein fusion constructs are prepared using standard molecular biological techniques. fusion genes as well as promoters and selection markers are stably incorporated into the plant cell genome ... | 2007 | 17951692 |
| early interactions between legumes and rhizobia: disclosing complexity in a molecular dialogue. | the exchange of chemical signals between soil bacteria (rhizobia) and legumes has been termed a molecular dialogue. as initially conceived in the early 1990s, it involved two main groups of molecules: nod gene-inducing flavonoids from plants and the mitogenic lipochito-oligosaccharide nod factors of rhizobia. this review considers how subsequent research revealed the existence of a more complex set of interactions, featuring expanded roles for the original participants and contributions from add ... | 2007 | 17953546 |
| characterization of an rpon mutant of mesorhizobium ciceri. | to study the genetic basis of c(4)-dicarboxylate transport (dct) in relation to symbiotic nitrogen fixation in mesorhizobium ciceri. | 2007 | 17953590 |
| life in darwin's dust: intercontinental transport and survival of microbes in the nineteenth century. | charles darwin, like others before him, collected aeolian dust over the atlantic ocean and sent it to christian gottfried ehrenberg in berlin. ehrenberg's collection is now housed in the museum of natural history and contains specimens that were gathered at the onset of the industrial revolution. geochemical analyses of this resource indicated that dust collected over the atlantic in 1838 originated from the western sahara, while molecular-microbiological methods demonstrated the presence of man ... | 2007 | 17956563 |
| the prokaryotic cys2his2 zinc-finger adopts a novel fold as revealed by the nmr structure of agrobacterium tumefaciens ros dna-binding domain. | the first putative prokaryotic cys(2)his(2) zinc-finger domain has been identified in the transcriptional regulator ros from agrobacterium tumefaciens, indicating that the cys(2)his(2) zinc-finger domain, originally thought to be confined to the eukaryotic kingdom, could be widespread throughout the living kingdom from eukaryotic, both animal and plant, to prokaryotic. in this article we report the nmr solution structure of ros dna-binding domain (ros87), providing 79 structural characterization ... | 2007 | 17956987 |
| delayed leaf senescence induces extreme drought tolerance in a flowering plant. | drought, the most prominent threat to agricultural production worldwide, accelerates leaf senescence, leading to a decrease in canopy size, loss in photosynthesis and reduced yields. on the basis of the assumption that senescence is a type of cell death program that could be inappropriately activated during drought, we hypothesized that it may be possible to enhance drought tolerance by delaying drought-induced leaf senescence. we generated transgenic plants expressing an isopentenyltransferase ... | 2007 | 18048328 |
| [increasing the content of active constituents in polygonum cuspidatum hairy root by gene transformation technology]. | to increase the content of active constituent--re and pd of polygonum cuspidatum hairy root, through ri-mediated gene transformation technology, modified high salt low ph method was used to distill genome dna of grapevine (vitis raparia). primer was designed according to sequence of genebank (af128861). through pcr amplification obtain rs gene sequence was obtained. binary vector pcambia1300-35s-rs was constructed. frost thawing method was used to transform agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc11325. sc ... | 2007 | 18050745 |
| increase of coq10 production level by the coexpression of decaprenyl diphosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase isolated from rhizobium radiobacter atcc 4718 in recombinant escherichia coli. | 2007 | 18050926 | |
| removal of organic load from olive washing water by an aerated submerged biofilter and profiling of the bacterial community involved in the process. | the present work aims to use a biofilter technology (aerated submerged filters) for the aerobic transformation at laboratory-scale of olive washing water (oww) generated in the first steps of olive oil processing, as well as the genetic profiling and identification to the species level of the bacteria involved in the formation of the biofilm, by means of tgge. chemical parameters, such as biological oxygen demand at five days (bod5) and chemical oxygen demand (cod), decreased markedly (up to 90 ... | 2007 | 18051300 |
| genetic characterization of fast-growing rhizobia able to nodulate prosopis alba in north spain. | prosopis is a mimosaceae legume tree indigenous to south america and not naturalized in europe. in this work 18 rhizobial strains nodulating prosopis alba roots were isolated from a soil in north spain that belong to eight different randomly amplified polymorphic dna groups phylogenetically related to sinorhizobium medicae, sinorhizobium meliloti and rhizobium giardinii according to their intergenic spacer and 16s rrna gene sequences. the nodc genes of isolates close to s. medicae and s. melilot ... | 2007 | 18031342 |
| the lipid lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol is present in membranes of rhizobium tropici ciat899 and confers increased resistance to polymyxin b under acidic growth conditions. | lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (lpg) is a well-known membrane lipid in several gram-positive bacteria but is almost unheard of in gram-negative bacteria. in staphylococcus aureus, the gene product of mprf is responsible for lpg formation. low ph-inducible genes, termed ipia, have been identified in the gram-negative alpha-proteobacteria rhizobium tropici and sinorhizobium medicae in screens for acid-sensitive mutants and they encode homologs of mprf. an analysis of the sequenced bacterial genomes re ... | 2007 | 17977153 |
| overexpression of arabidopsis homogentisate phytyltransferase or tocopherol cyclase elevates vitamin e content by increasing gamma-tocopherol level in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | tocopherols, essential components of the human diet, are synthesized exclusively by photosynthetic organisms. to increase tocopherol content by increasing total flux to the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway, genes encoding arabidopsis homogentisate phytyltransferase (hpt/v-te2) and tocopherol cyclase (tc/vte1) were constitutively overexpressed in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). total tocopherol content of the transgenic plants overexpressing either of the genes was increased by more than 2-fold mainl ... | 2007 | 17978586 |
| long term evaluation of field-released genetically modified rhizobia. | this is the report of the first open field release of genetically modified microorganisms (gmms) in italy. it covers ten years of monitoring, and follows in-field gmm dynamics from strain release to disappearance below detection limits, as well as assessment of impact on resident microorganisms. the bacteria released belong to the nitrogen fixing legume endosymbiont rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, and were engineered with non-agronomically-proficient traits, in order to assess their behavior ... | 2007 | 18001684 |
| nuclear accumulation of the arabidopsis immune receptor rps4 is necessary for triggering eds1-dependent defense. | recognition of specific pathogen molecules inside the cell by nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) receptors constitutes an important layer of innate immunity in plants. receptor activation triggers host cellular reprogramming involving transcriptional potentiation of basal defenses and localized programmed cell death. the sites and modes of action of nb-lrr receptors are, however, poorly understood. arabidopsis toll/interleukin-1 (tir) type nb-lrr receptor rps4 recognizes ... | 2007 | 17997306 |
| separation of plant pathogens from different hosts and tissues by capillary electromigration techniques. | in this contribution capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis were applied for the separation and detection of different plant pathogens including pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, p. syringae pv. lachrymans, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. fraxinus, p. savastanoi pv. olea, agrobacterium tumefaciens, a vitis, xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, x. campestris pv. zinniae, and curtobacterium sp.. the uv detection and sensitive fluorescence detection of the native phytopathog ... | 2007 | 17997525 |
| mesorhizobium loti produces nodpq-dependent sulfated cell surface polysaccharides. | leguminous plants and bacteria from the family rhizobiaceae form a symbiotic relationship, which culminates in novel plant structures called root nodules. the indeterminate symbiosis that forms between sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa requires biosynthesis of nod factor, a beta-1,4-linked lipochitooligosaccharide that contains an essential 6-o-sulfate modification. s. meliloti also produces sulfated cell surface polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). the physiological function of s ... | 2006 | 17028279 |
| receptor protein kinases--pattern recognition receptors in plant immunity. | plant innate immunity is activated either upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) or upon resistance (r) protein-mediated recognition of pathogen race-specific effector molecules. although many plant r proteins have been identified, there is only limited knowledge about plant prrs. recently, cyril zipfel et al. identified a second arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase implicated in pamp perception, which suggests ... | 2006 | 17030146 |
| production of plum pox virus hc-pro functionally active for aphid transmission in a transient-expression system. | potyviruses are non-persistently transmitted by aphid vectors with the assistance of a viral accessory factor known as helper component (hc-pro), a multifunctional protein that is also involved in many other essential processes during the virus infection cycle. a transient agrobacterium-mediated expression system was used to produce plum pox virus (ppv) hc-pro in nicotiana benthamiana leaves from constructs that incorporated the 5' region of the genome, yielding high levels of hc-pro in agroinfi ... | 2006 | 17030878 |
| genotypic variation of n2-fixing common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in response to iron deficiency. | in calcareous soils, the yield of grain legumes is often limited by the lower availability of iron (fe), especially when they depend upon symbiosis with root nodule bacteria for their n nutrition. in order to explore the variability of responses of n(2)-fixing common bean to fe deficiency the common bean white-seeded lines striker and coco blanc, and coloured-seeded lines svm-29-21 and ara14 were inoculated with rhizobium tropici (ciat 899) and cultivated hydroaeroponically with a n-free nutrien ... | 2006 | 17032614 |
| carrot (daucus carota l.). | plants are susceptible to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens. many horticulturally important crop species lack adequate genetic resistance to disease. studies on potential mechanisms of disease resistance in plants have revealed the importance of a range of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins with antifungal activity in reducing colonization of plant tissues by pathogens. we are evaluating a range of pr-proteins, through heterologous expression in transgenic carrot tissues, for their ... | 2006 | 17033046 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | during the last three years the generation of stably transformed cassava plants having value-added traits has become a reality. currently, two agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems are routinely used to engineer cassava. these systems use either somatic embryos or friable embryogenic calli. this paper presents detailed protocols for the transformation of cassava using primary somatic embryos. the effects of explant types, tissue culture conditions, and bacterial and plasmid related facto ... | 2006 | 17033047 |
| potato (solanum tuberosum l.). | potato (solanum tuberosum l.) is a globally important crop plant producing high yields of nutritionally valuable food in the form of tubers. it has been the focus of substantial study because of its use both as a staple food crop and as a potentially significant source of compounds of interest. this has included the development and application of transgenic technology for introducing novel traits of fundamental and applied interest. this chapter describes a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective s ... | 2006 | 17033048 |
| sweet potato [ipomoea batatas (l.) lam]. | among the available transformation methods reported on sweet potato, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is more successful and desirable. stem explants have shown to be ideal for the transformation of sweet potato because of their ready availability as explants, the simple transformation process, and high-frequency-regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. under the two-step kanamycin-hygromycin selection method and using the appropriate explants type (stem explants), the efficiency ... | 2006 | 17033049 |
| bermudagrass (cynodon spp.). | bermudagrass is an important warm-season forage and turf species widely grown in the southern united states. this chapter describes a rapid and efficient protocol that allows for the generation of a large number of transgenic bermudagrass plants, bypassing the callus formation phase. stolon nodes are infected and co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring pcambia binary vectors. hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) is used as the selectable marker and hygromycin is used as the se ... | 2006 | 17033050 |
| perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). | a protocol that facilitates rapid establishment of agrobacterium-mediated transformation for perennial ryegrass is described. the synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfps65t) reporter gene is introduced in combination with the nptii selectable marker gene into axillary bud derived embryogenic calli of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) by co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain agl0 harboring binary vector pyf132. following the co-cultivation calli are cultured for 48 h in liq ... | 2006 | 17033051 |
| switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). | during the last decade, agrobacterium-mediated transformation of more than a dozen monocotyledonous plants, including forage and turf grasses, has been achieved. so far, switchgrass is the only warm season grass that has been transformed with a. tumefaciens. we have developed a highly efficient system for transformation of different switchgrass explants utilizing the a. tumefaciens strain agl1 carrying the binary vector pdm805, containing the phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (bar) and beta-gluc ... | 2006 | 17033052 |
| tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is the predominant cool-season perennial grass in the united states. it is widely used for both forage and turf purposes. this chapter describes a protocol that allows for the generation of large number of transgenic tall fescue plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. embryogenic calli induced from caryopsis are used as explants for inoculation with a. tumefaciens. the agrobacterium strain used is eha105. hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) ... | 2006 | 17033053 |
| turf grasses. | a reliable and efficient genetic transformation protocol for various turfgrass species and elite cultivars has been achieved using agrobacterium tumefaciens. we describe a general protocol for the establishment of embryogenic cell cultures, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, selection, and regeneration of transgenic turfgrass plants. embryogenic callus is initiated from mature seeds, maintained by visual selection, and infected with an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (lba4404) t ... | 2006 | 17033054 |
| american elm (ulmus americana). | american elm (ulmus americana) is a valuable and sentimental tree species that was decimated by dutch elm disease in the mid-20th century. therefore, any methods for modifying american elm or enhancing disease resistance are significant. this protocol describes transformation and tissue culture techniques used on american elm. leaf pieces containing the midvein and petiole are used for explants. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha105 is used for transformation, with the binary vector pse39, con ... | 2006 | 17033055 |
| cork oak trees (quercus suber l.). | a transformation system for selected mature quercus suber l. trees using agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses are inoculated with agl1 strain harbouring the plasmid pbinubigusint, which carries the nptii and uida genes. evidence of stable transgene integration is obtained by polymerase chain reaction for nptii and uida genes, southern blotting and expression of the uida gene. the transgenic embryos are germinated and suc ... | 2006 | 17033056 |
| eucalyptus. | using eucalyptus camaldulensis as a model system, we describe here a basic agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol through organogenesis for the production of transgenic plants. hypocotyl segments or cotyledon pieces from in vitro seedlings are used as starting materials. the explants are inoculated and cocultivated with a disarmed, binary strain of a. tumefaciens cib542 harboring a mini ti plasmid, pbi121. a modified gamborg's b5 medium is used as the basal culture medium through ... | 2006 | 17033057 |
| pine (pinus radiata). | this chapter describes the transformation of pinus radiata using organogenic cotyledon explants rather than the more common somatic embryogenesis methods for conifers. the advantages of our method are the year round availability of seed and that over 80% of genotypes can be easily regenerated from the mature cotyledon explants. the transformation efficiency (i.e., the number of transformed shoots regenerated from excised cotyledons) is 1.7% and, as with other agrobacterium tumefaciens transforma ... | 2006 | 17033058 |
| poplar (populus spp.). | although species within the genus populus are, in general, easier to transform and regenerate in vitro than most other trees, many poplar species are very recalcitrant. many protocols that previously have been reported were developed for a specific genotype or species. thus, it has often been necessary to re-optimize a protocol each time research is initiated with a new genotype. the method presented in this chapter has been effective for a wide variety of poplar genotypes. | 2006 | 17033059 |
| rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis muell. arg). | rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis muell. arg.) is an important industrial crop for natural rubber production. at present, more than 9.5 million hectares in about 40 countries are devoted to rubber tree cultivation with a production about 6.5 million tons of dry rubber each year. the world supply of natural rubber is barely keeping up with a global demand for 12 million tons of natural rubber in 2020. tapping panel dryness (tpd) is a complex physiological syndrome widely found in rubber tree planta ... | 2006 | 17033060 |
| banana (musa sp.). | cultivated bananas are vegetatively propagating herbs, which are difficult to breed because of widespread male and female sterility. as a complementary gene transfer method in banana, the described agrobacterium protocol relies on highly regenerable embryogenic cell cultures. embryogenic cells are infected and co-cultivated in the presence of acetosyringone with agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary plasmid vector to obtain a mixed population of transformed and untransformed plant cells. ... | 2006 | 17033061 |
| citrus. | since the initial reports on production of transgenic citrus via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, significant progress has been made, and many steps of this procedure using the juvenile tissue explants have been improved. abundant availability of starting material and relative simplicity make this procedure an attractive choice for many researchers despite transformation efficiency that is in the low range of about 1%. variety of available agrobacterium strains and reporter/selection genes ... | 2006 | 17033062 |
| coffee (coffea sp.). | coffee (coffea sp.) is a perennial plant widely cultivated in many tropical countries. it is a cash crop for millions of small farmers in these areas. as compared with other tree species, coffee has long breeding cycles that make conventional breeding programs time consuming. for that matter, genetic transformation can be an effective technique to introduce a desired trait in an already "elite" variety, or to study a gene function and expression. in this chapter, we describe two agrobacterium-me ... | 2006 | 17033063 |
| papaya (carica papaya l.). | transgenic papaya plants were initially obtained using particle bombardment, a method having poor efficiency in producing intact, single-copy insertion of transgenes. single-copy gene insertion was improved using agrobacterium tumefaciens. with progress being made in genome sequencing and gene discovery, there is a need for more efficient methods of transformation in order to study the function of these genes. we describe a protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transformation using carborundum-wou ... | 2006 | 17033064 |
| pineapple [ananas comosus (l.) merr]. | a procedure for pineapple [ananas comosus (l.) merr.] genetic transformation is described, which involves temporary immersion bioreactors (tib) for selection of transgenic plants. success in the production of transgenic pineapple plants combines tissue culture factors. firstly, the use of regenerable pineapple callus as starting material for transformation whose cells shown to be competent for agrobacterium infection. secondly, the used of filtered callus, resulting in homogeneously sized cluste ... | 2006 | 17033065 |
| sugarcane (saccharum spp.). | we describe the procedures for recovering transgenic sugarcane from co-cultivation of both calli and in vitro plants with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the correct tissue culture strategies and the use of super-binary vector or super-virulent strain are crucial for the successful sugarcane transformation. both plant regeneration via calli culture and micropropagation strategies can be optimized to a wide spectrum of sugarcane genotypes, thus the procedures presented here could be applied to genetic ... | 2006 | 17033066 |
| american chestnut [castanea dentata (marsh.) borkh]. | the key to successful transformation of american chestnut is having the correct combination of explant tissue, selectable and scorable markers, and a reliable regeneration system. rapidly dividing somatic embryos, growing as proembryogenic masses, are a suitable tissue; the bar gene is a suitable selectable marker in conjunction with 1.0 to 10 mg/l phosphirothricin (ppt); and the mgfp5-er gene is an effective nondestructive scorable marker. we have also found that the more gently the somatic emb ... | 2006 | 17033067 |
| apple (malus x domestica). | apple (malus x domestica) is one of the most consumed fruit crops in the world. the major production areas are the temperate regions, however, because of its excellent storage capacity it is transported to distant markets covering the four corners of the earth. transformation is a key to sustaining this demand - permitting the potential enhancement of existing cultivars as well as to investigate the development of new cultivars resistant to pest, disease, and storage problems that occur in the m ... | 2006 | 17033068 |
| blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum l.). | recent advances in plant biotechnology have led to a reliable and reproductive method for genetic transformation of blueberry. these efforts built on previous attempts at transient and stable transformation of blueberry that demonstrated the potential of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and as well, the difficulties of selecting and regenerating transgenic plants. as a prerequisite for successful stable transformation, efficient regeneration systems were required despite many r ... | 2006 | 17033069 |
| grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | grapevine (vitis) is considered to be one of the major fruit crops in the world based on hectares cultivated and economic value. grapes are used not only for wine but also for fresh fruit, dried fruit, and juice production. wine is by far the major product of grapes and the focus of this chapter is on wine grape cultivars. grapevine cultivars of vitis vinifera l. have a reputation for producing premium quality wines. these premium quality wines are produced from a small number of cultivars that ... | 2006 | 17033070 |
| strawberry (fragaria x ananassa). | genetic transformation in strawberry (fragaria spp.) can be achieved by using the agrobacterium-mediated procedure on leaves from in vitro proliferated shoots. regardless of the sufficient regeneration levels achieved from leaf explants of some commercial strawberry genotypes, the regeneration of transformed strawberry plants remains difficult and seems to be strongly genotype dependent. in fact, the main factors that play an important role in the success of strawberry genetic transformation are ... | 2006 | 17033071 |
| walnut (juglans). | walnut species are important nut and timber producers in temperate regions of europe, asia, south america, and north america. trees can be impacted by phytophthora, crown gall, nematodes, and cherry leaf roll virus; nuts can be severely damaged by codling moth and xanthomonas blight. the long-generation time of walnuts and an absence of identified natural resistance for most of these problems suggest biotechnological approaches to crop improvement. described here is a somatic embryo based transf ... | 2006 | 17033072 |
| carnation (dianthus caryophylus l.). | carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and demand for new and improved varieties is growing. however, genetic transformation of carnations is currently limited because of a lack of efficient routine technique. in this chapter, we present an easy and effective protocol for gene transfer to carnation node explants and subsequent adventitious shoot regeneration. for high-adventitious shoot regeneration, node explants from first to third node of 5- to 8-cm long shoots were cultured ... | 2006 | 17033073 |
| chrysanthemum (dendranthema x grandiflora). | this chapter provides reproducible methods for the transformation of dendranthema x grandiflora 'shuhou-no-chikara' (standard) and 'lineker' (spray) stem internode thin cell layers (tcls) and conventional stem internode explants using agrobacterium strains carrying a binary vector with beta-glucoronidase (gus) reporter and nptii selector genes. transformation efficiencies are reported at the kanamycin selection (callus formation and plantlet rooting), gus assay, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), ... | 2006 | 17033074 |
| orchids (cymbidium spp., oncidium, and phalaenopsis). | recent advances in genetic engineering have made the transformation and regeneration of plants into a powerful tool for orchid improvement. this chapter presents a simple and reproducible agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol and molecular screening technique of transgenics for two orchid species, oncidium and phalaenopsis. the target tissues for gene transfer were protocorm-like bodies (plbs) derived from protocorms, into which constructed foreign genes were successfully in ... | 2006 | 17033075 |
| petunia (petunia hybrida). | petunia hybrida genetic transformation continues to be a valuable tool for genetic research into biochemical pathways and gene expression, as well as generating commercial products with varying floral colors. in this chapter, we describe a simple and reproducible genetic transformation protocol for generating transgenic petunia plants harboring a gene of interest and selectable marker. the system utilizes agrobacterium tumefaciens for transgene integration with plant recovery via shoot organogen ... | 2006 | 17033076 |
| rose (rosa hybrida l.). | although rose transformation is successful, it remains difficult to transform myriad rose species as well as different rose genotypes. in this protocol, a detailed description of rose transformation is presented. this protocol relied on agrobacterium-mediated transfer of embryogenic callus cultures. there are many critical steps that must be followed to achieve successful transformation; however, it is important to keep in mind that these apply to a selected number of genotypes, and as a differe ... | 2006 | 17033077 |
| ginseng (panax ginseng). | genetic transformation is an attractive way to improve panax ginseng c. a. meyer by introducing new genetic materials and altering metabolic pathways that regulating the production of secondary compounds. in p. ginseng, production of transgenic plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens is performed via somatic embryogenesis using cotyledon or embryogenic callus as explants. this chapter introduces the protocol of a. tumefaciens mediated-genetic transformation in p. ginseng. | 2006 | 17033078 |
| hemp (cannabis sativa l.). | hemp (cannabis sativa l.) suspension culture cells were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 carrying the binary plasmid pnov3635. the plasmid contains a phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) selectable marker gene. cells transformed with pmi are capable of metabolizing the selective agent, mannose, whereas cells not expressing the gene are incapable of using the carbon source and will stop growing. callus masses proliferating on selection were screened for pmi expression using a ch ... | 2006 | 17033079 |
| opium poppy (papaver somniferum). | the genetic transformation of opium poppy, papaver somniferum, offers the opportunity to study the mechanisms involved in the regulation of benzylisoquinoline and morphinan alkaloid biosynthesis. the development of an efficient transformation protocol for opium poppy has allowed us to transform a range of genotypes from all around the world, including previously recalcitrant high-yielding commercial australian cultivars. the method involves agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of hypocotyl explan ... | 2006 | 17033080 |
| actinomycetes (streptomyces lividans). | agrobacterium tumefaciens is best known for its ability to transform plants by delivering the t-dna that is processed and transferred from the resident ti plasmid to the recipient plant cells. less well known is the capacity of this gram-negative bacterium to transfer its t-dna into fungi and actinomycetes. procedures are described on the use of the promiscuous t-dna transfer system of a. tumefaciens to transform members of the actinomycetes. integration of the t-dna derivatives into the strepto ... | 2006 | 17033081 |
| filamentous fungi (magnaporthe grisea and fusarium oxysporum). | a better understanding of fungal biology will facilitate judicious use of beneficial fungi and will also advance our efforts to control pathogenic fungi. molecular studies of fungal biology have been greatly aided by transformation-mediated mutagenesis techniques. transformation via nonhomologous integration of plasmid dna bearing a selectable marker (e.g., antibiotic resistance gene) has been widely used for the random insertional mutagenesis of fungi - as an alternative to chemical and radiati ... | 2006 | 17033082 |
| green alga (chlamydomonas reinhardtii). | this protocol describes the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated nuclear transformation of a microalgae chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using a gene construct carrying the genes coding for beta-glucuronidase (gus), green fluorescent protein (gfp), and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt). the transformation frequency with this protocol as revealed by hygromycin resistance was many fold higher (about 50-fold) than that of the commonly used glass bead method of transformation. the simplicity of agrobacter ... | 2006 | 17033083 |
| mammalian cells. | agrobacterium most likely can transform virtually all known plant species, and experimental protocols for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of yet more plant species, ecotypes, and cultivars are published almost on a daily basis. interestingly, the agrobacterium host range is not limited to the plant kingdom, and it has been shown to transform many species of fungi and even prokaryotes. the ability of agrobacterium to genetically transform hela cells further widens the range of poten ... | 2006 | 17033084 |
| mushroom (agaricus bisporus). | we have devised an easy and effective genetic transformation method for the preeminent edible mushroom, agaricus bisporus. our method exploits the t-dna transfer mechanism in agrobacterium tumefaciens and relies on the reproductive fruiting body as the recipient tissue. the use of fruiting body explants, particularly the gill, provided high-frequency transformation, overcoming the inefficacy of agrobacterium-based methods targeting fungal spores or vegetative mycelium. the protocol entails incub ... | 2006 | 17033085 |
| expression of an arabidopsis cax2 variant in potato tubers increases calcium levels with no accumulation of manganese. | previously, we made a chimeric arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar transporter cax2b [a variant of n-terminus truncated form of cax2 (scax2) containing the "b" domain from cax1] that has enhanced calcium (ca(2+)) substrate specificity and lost the manganese (mn(2+)) transport capability of scax2. here, we demonstrate that potato (solanum tuberosum l.) tubers expressing the cax2b contain 50-65% more calcium (ca(2+)) than wild-type tubers. moreover, expression of cax2b in potatoes did not show any signi ... | 2006 | 17024452 |
| [in planta transformation of maize through inoculation of agrobacterium into the silks]. | integration of t-dna into the maize genome as a result of treatment of silks with agrobacterium cells, containing activated vir genes, was demonstrated. in planta treatment of maize (zea mays l) was performed during flowering in field. cell suspension of agrobacterium tumefaiciens strain gv3101(ptd33), carrying activated vir genes, was applied onto the previously isolated silks, which were afterwards pollinated with the pollen of the same cultivar. integration of t-dna into maize genome was conf ... | 2006 | 17025158 |
| [wheat lectin as a factor in plant-microbial communication and a stress response protein]. | wheat lectin (wheat germ agglutinin, wga), a representative of a broad group of cereal lectins, is excreted by plant roots into the surrounding medium and interacts with both pathogenic microflora and growth-stimulating rhizobacteria. wga was found to serve as a molecular signal for the rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense, which forms endophytic and associative symbioses with wheat plants. the bacterial response to the lectin was pleiotropic: wga at concentrations from 10(-10) to 10(-6) m exe ... | 2006 | 17025182 |
| differences in microbial activity and microbial populations of peat associated with suppression of damping-off disease caused by pythium sylvaticum. | the microbiological characteristics associated with disease-suppressive peats are unclear. we used a bioassay for pythium sylvaticum-induced damping-off of cress seedlings to identify conducive and suppressive peats. microbial activity in unconditioned peats was negatively correlated with the counts of p. sylvaticum at the end of the bioassay. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) profiling and clone library analyses of small-subunit rrna gene sequences from two suppressive and two cond ... | 2006 | 17021192 |
| new viral vector for efficient production of target proteins in plants. | a new potato virus x (pvx)-based viral vector for superproduction of target proteins in plants has been constructed. the triple gene block and coat protein gene of pvx were substituted by green fluorescent protein. this reduced viral vector was delivered into plant cells by agroinjection (injection of agrobacterium tumefaciens cells, carrying viral vector cdna within t-dna, into plant leaves), and this approach allowed to dramatically reduce the size of the vector genome. the novel vector can be ... | 2006 | 16978146 |
| genetic transformation of populus trichocarpa genotype nisqually-1: a functional genomic tool for woody plants. | we report here the agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of nisqually-1, a populus trichocarpa genotype whose genome was recently sequenced. several systems were established. internodal stem segments from vigorously growing greenhouse plants are the explants most amenable to transformation. for the most efficient system, approximately 40% of the stem segments infected with pbi121-containing agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 produced transgenic calli, as confirmed by beta-glucuronidase (gus) ... | 2006 | 17018558 |
| enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn. | in vitro inoculation of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay explants with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn, increased grapevine growth and physiological activity at a low temperature. there was a relationship between endophytic bacterial colonization of the grapevine plantlets and their growth at both ambient (26 degrees c) and low (4 degrees c) temperatures and their sensitivities to chilling. the major benefits of bacterization were observed on root g ... | 2006 | 16980419 |
| lipoprotein pssn of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii: subcellular localization and possible involvement in exopolysaccharide export. | surface expression of exopolysaccharides (eps) in gram-negative bacteria depends on the activity of proteins found in the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space, and the outer membrane. psstnop genes identified in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ta1 encode proteins that might be components of the eps polymerization and secretion system. in this study, we have characterized pssn protein. employing pssn-phoa and pssn-lacz gene fusions and in vivo acylation with [3h]palmitate, we d ... | 2006 | 16980497 |
| genetic transformation of echinacea purpurea with agrobacterium rhizogenes and bioactive ingredient analysis in transformed cultures. | a method of the transformed hairy roots cultures of echinacea purpurea was established by infecting different types of explants with three type strains of agrobacterium rhizogenes (a4, r1601 and r1000) in this paper. we obtained that the transformed percentage of e. purpurea leaves with a4, r1601 and r1000 were 80%, 60%, 40%, respectively and that of e. purpurea leafstalks were 10%, 30%, 45%, respectively. the contents of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds were measured in transformed hairy ... | 2006 | 16982176 |
| sinorhizobium meliloti nifa mutant induces different gene expression profile from wild type in alfalfa nodules. | several studies have demonstrated that the rhizobium nifa gene is an activator of nitrogen fixation acting in nodule bacteria. to understand the effects of the sinorhizobium meliloti nifa gene on alfalfa, the cdna-aflp technique was employed to study the changes in gene expression in nifa mutant nodules. among the approximately 3,000 transcript-derived fragments, 37 had differential expression levels. these expression levels were subsequently confirmed by reverse northern blot and rt-polymerase ... | 2006 | 17001343 |
| plant growth promoting potential of free-living diazotrophs and other rhizobacteria isolated from northern indian soil. | the viable count of free-living diazotrophic bacteria in different crop rhizospheres varied from 1.11 x 10(4) to 8.5 x 10(5) cfu/g of soil. the majority of the diazotrophs phenotypically belong to either azotobacter chroococcum, non-a. chroococcum type and to a heterogenous group tentatively named putative nitrogen-fixing (pnf) bacteria. in this study, 25 isolates of the pnf group were screened for their multiple plant growth-promoting (pgp) traits and grouped into 5 pgp types. an isolate, pnf(1 ... | 2006 | 17004301 |
| primary bacteraemia caused by rhizobium radiobacter in a patient with solid tumours. | a case of rhizobium radiobacter primary bacteraemia in a patient with solid tumours is reported. corticosteroid therapy and diabetes mellitus were the predisposing factors. the patient was treated successfully with amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam. the clinical isolate was identified as r. radiobacter by 16s rrna gene sequencing. phytopathogenicity tests and a pcr assay demonstrated that the organism was not a plant pathogen. | 2006 | 17005797 |
| the sinorhizobium medicae wsm419 lpia gene is transcriptionally activated by fsrr and required to enhance survival in lethal acid conditions. | sinorhizobium medicae wr101 was identified as a mutant of wsm419 that contained a minitransposon-induced transcriptional gusa fusion activated at least 20-fold at ph 5.7. the expression of this fusion in moderately acid conditions was dependent on the calcium concentration; increasing the calcium concentration to enhance cell growth and survival in acid conditions decreased the expression of the fusion. a gene region containing the gusa fusion was sequenced, revealing five s. medicae genes: tcsa ... | 2006 | 17005985 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea with alpha-amylase inhibitor gene for insect resistance. | chickpea is the world's third most important pulse crop and india produces 75% of the world's supply. chickpea seeds are attacked by callosobruchus maculatus and c. chinensis which cause extensive damage. the alpha-amylase inhibitor gene isolated from phaseolus vulgaris seeds was introduced into chickpea cultivar k850 through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a total of 288 kanamycin resistant plants were regenerated. only 0.3% of these were true transformants. polymerase chain reaction (pc ... | 2006 | 17006016 |
| virulence of agrobacterium tumefaciens requires phosphatidylcholine in the bacterial membrane. | phosphatidylcholine (pc, lecithin) has long been considered a solely eukaryotic membrane lipid. only a minority of all bacteria is able to synthesize pc. the plant-transforming bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes two potential pc forming enzymes, a phospholipid n-methyltransferase (pmta) and a pc synthase (pcs). we show that pc biosynthesis and tumour formation on kalanchoë plants was impaired in the double mutant. the virulence defect was due to a complete lack of the type iv secretion ... | 2006 | 17010159 |
| agrobacterium rhizogenes galls protein contains domains for atp binding, nuclear localization, and type iv secretion. | agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizogenes are closely related plant pathogens that cause different diseases, crown gall and hairy root. both diseases result from transfer, integration, and expression of plasmid-encoded bacterial genes located on the transferred dna (t-dna) in the plant genome. bacterial virulence (vir) proteins necessary for infection are also translocated into plant cells. transfer of single-stranded dna (ssdna) and vir proteins requires a type iv secretion system, ... | 2006 | 17012398 |
| [study on factors influencing agrobacterium-mediated transformation of jatropha curcas]. | susceptibility of explants to antibiotics and the transient expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene were studied to determine the optimal conditions for gene transformation of jatropha curcas mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the results showed that jatropha curcas was insensitive to the antibiotic cefotaxime, which is used for suppressing the growth of agrobacterium after cocultivation, while the plant was sensitive to kanamycin, hygromycin, phoshpinothrincin. all the three selective r ... | 2006 | 16944577 |