Publications

surface protease of treponema denticola hydrolyzes c3 and influences function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	treponema denticola is a dominant microorganism in human periodontal lesions. one of the major virulence factors of this microorganism is its chymotrypsin-like surface protease, dentilisin. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentilisin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). we used chemiluminescence to assess production of o(-)(2) by pmns against t. denticola atcc 35405 and dentilisin-deficient mutant k1. t. denticola atcc 35405 induced production of o(-)(2), whereas ...	2006	16815066
[prevalence of putative periodontal microorganisms in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis].	to evaluate the prevalence of putative periodontal microorganism in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis (agp).	2006	16836903
effectiveness of ultrasonic instruments in the therapy of severe periodontitis: a comparative clinical-microbiological assessment with curettes.	patients with deep periodontal pockets were treated with either vector system (tg) or manual instruments (cg). clinical assessments by supragingival plaque (pl+), gingival index (gi), bleeding on probing (bop), probing depth (pd), clinical attachment level (cal) and subgingival plaque collection for microbiological analysis were made prior to and after treatment. multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, campylobacter rectus, ...	2006	16841550
identification of biofilm proteins in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae.	non-typeable haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation is implicated in a number of chronic infections including otitis media, sinusitis and bronchitis. biofilm structure includes cells and secreted extracellular matrix that is "slimy" and believed to contribute to the antibiotic resistant properties of biofilm bacteria. components of biofilm extracellular matrix are largely unknown. in order to identify such biofilm proteins an ex-vivo biofilm of a non-typeable haemophilus influenzae isolate, or ...	2006	16854240
enhanced biofilm formation and loss of capsule synthesis: deletion of a putative glycosyltransferase in porphyromonas gingivalis.	periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease. porphyromonas gingivalis is an obligate anaerobe consistently associated with severe manifestations of this disease. as an opportunistic pathogen, the ability to proliferate within and disseminate from subgingival biofilm (plaque) is central to its virulence. here, we report the isolation of a p. gingivalis transposon insertion mutant altered in biofilm development and the reconstruction and characterization of this mutation in three different wild-ty ...	2006	16855241
antibody response after single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement versus quadrant-wise therapy.	the aim of this study was to compare serum antibody responses to periodontal pathogens after single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement and quadrant-wise therapy.	2006	16856899
treponema denticola in disseminating endodontic infections.	treponema denticola is a consensus periodontal pathogen that has recently been associated with endodontic pathology. in this study, the effect of mono-infection of the dental pulp with t. denticola and with polymicrobial "red-complex" organisms (rc) (porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and t. denticola) in inducing disseminating infections in wild-type (wt) and severe-combined-immunodeficiency (scid) mice was analyzed. after 21 days, a high incidence (5/10) of orofacial abscesses was ...	2006	16861296
identification of smtb/arsr cis elements and proteins in archaea using the prokaryotic intergenic exploration database (piged).	microbial genome sequencing projects have revealed an apparently wide distribution of smtb/arsr metal-responsive transcriptional regulators among prokaryotes. using a position-dependent weight matrix approach, prokaryotic genome sequences were screened for smtb/arsr dna binding sites using data derived from intergenic sequences upstream of orthologous genes encoding these regulators. sixty smtb/arsr operators linked to metal detoxification genes, including nine among various archaeal species, ar ...	2006	16877320
sampling strategy for intraoral detection of periodontal pathogens before and following periodontal therapy.	the aim of this study was to identify a sampling strategy with high probability for detecting oral colonization by actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, eikenella corrodens, tannerella forsythensis, prevotella intermedia, prevotella nigrescens, and treponema denticola before and following mechanical periodontal therapy.	2006	16881801
roles of the host oxidative immune response and bacterial antioxidant rubrerythrin during porphyromonas gingivalis infection.	the efficient clearance of microbes by neutrophils requires the concerted action of reactive oxygen species and microbicidal components within leukocyte secretory granules. rubrerythrin (rbr) is a nonheme iron protein that protects many air-sensitive bacteria against oxidative stress. using oxidative burst-knockout (nadph oxidase-null) mice and an rbr gene knockout bacterial strain, we investigated the interplay between the phagocytic oxidative burst of the host and the oxidative stress response ...	2006	16895445
antimicrobial therapy using a local drug delivery system (arestin) in the treatment of peri-implantitis. i: microbiological outcomes.	to assess the microbiological outcome of local administration of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres 1 mg (arestin) in cases with peri-implantitis and with a follow-up period of 12 months.	2006	16907769
arginine-specific gingipains from porphyromonas gingivalis deprive protective functions of secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor in periodontal tissue.	chronic periodontitis is correlated with porphyromonas gingivalis infection. in this study, we found that the expression of secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), an endogenous inhibitor for neutrophil-derived proteases, was reduced in gingival tissues with chronic periodontitis associated with p. gingivalis infection. the addition of vesicles of p. gingivalis decreased the amount of slpi in the media of primary human gingival keratinocytes compared to untreated cultures. we therefore in ...	2006	16907925
comparative genome analysis: selection pressure on the borrelia vls cassettes is essential for infectivity.	at least three species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bbsl) cause tick-borne lyme disease. previous work including the genome analysis of b. burgdorferi b31 and b. garinii pbi suggested a highly variable plasmid part. the frequent occurrence of duplicated sequence stretches, the observed plasmid redundancy, as well as the mainly unknown function and variability of plasmid encoded genes rendered the relationships between plasmids within and between species largely unresolvable.	2006	16914037
association of eubacterium nodatum and treponema denticola with human periodontitis lesions.	the purpose of the present investigation was to compare the levels, proportions and percentage of sites colonized by 40 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples from periodontally healthy subjects and patients with chronic periodontitis to seek possible pathogens other than the consensus pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis and tannerella forsythia.	2006	16922925
porphyromonas gingivalis vesicles enhance attachment, and the leucine-rich repeat bspa protein is required for invasion of epithelial cells by "tannerella forsythia".	the human oral cavity harbors more than 500 species of bacteria. periodontitis, a bacterially induced inflammatory disease that leads to tooth loss, is believed to result from infection by a select group of gram-negative periodontopathogens that includes porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and "tannerella forsythia" (opinion on name change from tannerella forsythensis pending; formerly bacteroides forsythus). epithelial cell invasion by periodontopathogens is considered to be an impor ...	2006	16926393
novel conserved assembly factor of the bacterial flagellum.	tp0658 (fliw) and its orthologs, conserved proteins of unknown function in treponema pallidum and other species, interact with a c-terminal region of flagellin (flab1-3 in t. pallidum; flic in most other species). mutants of orthologs in bacillus subtilis and campylobacter jejuni (yvif, cj1075) showed strongly reduced motility. tp0658 stabilizes flagellin in a way similar to flis, suggesting that tp0658 is a conserved assembly factor for the bacterial flagellum.	2006	16936039
data mining for proteins characteristic of clades.	a synapomorphy is a phylogenetic character that provides evidence of shared descent. ideally a synapomorphy is ubiquitous within the clade of related organisms and nonexistent outside the clade, implying that it arose after divergence from other extant species and before the last common ancestor of the clade. with the recent proliferation of genetic sequence data, molecular synapomorphies have assumed great importance, yet there is no convenient means to search for them over entire genomes. we h ...	2006	16936320
inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry by a binding domain of porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission through saliva is extremely low. several oral components, including secretory immunoglobulin a and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, are known as potential inhibitory agents of hiv oral transmission. here we examined anti-hiv activity of oral bacterial components. we showed that recombinant protein hgp44 derived from porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the primary infectious agents of periodontitis, was capable of inhibiting hiv type 1 (hiv-1) r ...	2006	16940103
microbiota of the dorsum of the tongue after plaque accumulation: an experimental study in humans.	the purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of the absence of tongue hygiene on the microbiota of the dorsum of the tongue.	2006	16945032
levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 with simultaneous presence of periodontal pathogens in gingival crevicular fluid as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cholesterol in blood.	to investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) -8 and -9 with the simultaneous presence of periodontal pathogens in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) as well as mmp-9 and cholesterol in blood. although bacterial pathogens are required to initiate the periodontal disease process, in some individuals the reaction to bacteria may lead to an excessive host response, resulting in a general inflammatory response.	2006	16953818
molecular epidemiology of oral treponemes in patients with periodontitis and in periodontitis-resistant subjects.	the etiologic role of oral treponemes in human periodontitis is still under debate. although seen by dark-field microscopy in large numbers, their possible role is still unclear since they comprise some 60 different phylotypes, most of which are still uncultured. to determine their status as mere commensals or opportunistic pathogens, molecular epidemiological studies are required that include both cultured and as-yet-uncultured organisms. here we present such data, comparing treponemal populati ...	2006	16954230
detection of cariogenic streptococcus mutans in extirpated heart valve and atheromatous plaque specimens.	the involvement of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases has been the focus of attention in many studies, and several periodontal pathogens have been detected in diseased cardiovascular lesions, suggesting relationships between oral microorganisms and cardiovascular diseases. however, no information is available regarding the involvement of cariogenic pathogens such as streptococcus mutans. the presence of oral streptococcal species and periodontitis-related bacteria in 35 ...	2006	16954266
diagnosis of gastric syphilis by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time pcr testing.	we report on a case of gastric syphilis in a patient with chronic dyspepsia. the diagnosis was established by serology and the demonstration of spirochetes in diffusely inflammed gastric mucosa by staining with a fluorescent monoclonal antibody specific for pathogenic treponemes and by the detection of specific treponemal dna sequences by a real-time pcr.	2006	16954299
refuting phylogenetic relationships.	phylogenetic methods are philosophically grounded, and so can be philosophically biased in ways that limit explanatory power. this constitutes an important methodologic dimension not often taken into account. here we address this dimension in the context of concatenation approaches to phylogeny.	2006	16956399
periodontal therapy in siblings with papillon-lefèvre syndrome and tinea capitis: a report of two cases.	report of clinical and microbiological periodontal findings before and 6 months after treatment of two siblings with papillon-lefèvre syndrome (pls) and tinea capitis.	2006	16970621
biochemical and molecular characterization of the biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate, two major compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic bacterium halobacillus halophilus.	the moderately halophilic, chloride-dependent bacterium halobacillus halophilus produces glutamate and glutamine as main compatible solutes at external salinities of 1.0 to 1.5 m nacl. the routes for the biosynthesis of these solutes and their regulation were examined. the genome contains two genes potentially encoding glutamate dehydrogenases and two genes for the small subunit of a glutamate synthase, but only one gene for the large subunit. however, the expression of these genes was not salt ...	2006	16980483
molecular analysis of filifactor alocis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola associated with primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment.	the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of strict anaerobes such as filifactor alocis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola in primary and secondary root-infected canals with periapical lesions by molecular analysis and the association of these species with specific endodontic signs and symptoms. microbial samples were taken from 100 root canals, 50 with necrotic pulp tissues (npt, primary infection), and 50 with failed endodontic treatment (fet, secondary infection). dna ...	2006	16982268
the flagellar cytoskeleton of the spirochetes.	the recent discoveries of prokaryotic homologs of all three major eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin, intermediate filaments) have spurred a resurgence of activity in the field of bacterial morphology. in spirochetes, however, it has long been known that the flagellar filaments act as a cytoskeletal protein structure, contributing to their shape and conferring motility on this unique phylum of bacteria. therefore, revisiting the spirochete cytoskeleton may lead to new paradigms for ...	2006	16983197
structural characterization of peptide-mediated inhibition of porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation.	porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen whose primary niche is the anaerobic environment of subgingival dental plaque, but initial colonization of the oral cavity is likely to occur on supragingival surfaces that already support robust biofilm communities. our studies have shown that p. gingivalis adheres to streptococcus gordonii through interaction of the minor fimbrial antigen mfa1 with a specific region of the streptococcal sspb polypeptide (residues 1167 to 1193) designated bar. ...	2006	16988253
identification and comparative analysis of sixteen fungal peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase repertoires.	the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (ppiase) class of proteins is present in all known eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, and it is comprised of three member families that share the ability to catalyze the cis/trans isomerisation of a prolyl bond. some fungi have been used as model systems to investigate the role of ppiases within the cell, however how representative these repertoires are of other fungi or humans has not been fully investigated.	2006	16995943
identification of mgla-regulated genes reveals novel virulence factors in francisella tularensis.	the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. f. tularensis resides within host macrophages in vivo, and this ability is essential for pathogenesis. the transcription factor mgla is required for the expression of several francisella genes that are necessary for replication in macrophages and for virulence in mice. we hypothesized that the identification of mgla-regulated genes in the francisella genome by transcriptional profiling of wild-t ...	2006	17000729
the influence of cholesterol, progesterone, 4-androstenedione and testosterone on the growth of treponema denticola atcc 33520 in batch cultures.	previously, we have shown that reference and freshly isolated treponema denticola cultures are capable of metabolising cholesterol, progesterone, 4-androstenedione and testosterone by means of 5alpha-reductase, 3beta-and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity [clark dt, soory m. the metabolism of cholesterol and certain hormonal steroids by treponema denticola. steroids. 2006;71:352-63. ]. the aim of the work presented in this paper was to investigate the modulation of t. denticola growth ...	2006	17011804
holo- and apo-cystalysin from treponema denticola: two different conformations.	cystalysin, the key virulence factor in the bacterium treponema denticola responsible for periodontis, is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) enzyme which catalyzes, in addition to alpha,beta-elimination of l-cysteine, racemization and transamination of both enantiomers of alanine. in this paper several indicators have been used as probes of the different conformational status of t. denticola cystalysin in the holo and apo form. compared to holoenzyme, the apoenzyme displays an altered reactivity of ...	2006	17014820
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in periodontal microbiology.	bacteria play an important role in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases and are part of a biofilm, which can contain over 100 different species. the aim of the present study was to show the potential of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) as a tool for the detection of clinically relevant species and to compare the results of detection by dgge with those by pcr and culturing. hybridization of the bands from the dgge profiles with species-specific probes was developed ...	2006	17021091
changes in periodontal health status are associated with bacterial community shifts as assessed by quantitative 16s cloning and sequencing.	the gingival sulcus contains a complex ecosystem that includes many uncultivated bacteria. understanding the dynamics of this ecosystem in transitions between health and disease is important in advancing our understanding of the bacterial etiology of periodontitis. the objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the stability of bacterial colonization in the gingival crevice and to explore the relationship between shifts in microbial composition and changes in periodontal health status u ...	2006	17021095
the essential nature of sphingolipids in plants as revealed by the functional identification and characterization of the arabidopsis lcb1 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase.	serine palmitoyltransferase (spt) catalyzes the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. in yeast and mammalian cells, spt is a heterodimer that consists of lcb1 and lcb2 subunits, which together form the active site of this enzyme. we show that the predicted gene for arabidopsis thaliana lcb1 encodes a genuine subunit of spt that rescues the sphingolipid long-chain base auxotrophy of saccharomyces cerevisiae spt mutants when coexpressed with arabidopsis lcb2. in addition, homozygous t-dna inser ...	2006	17194770
carpegen real-time polymerase chain reaction vs. anaerobic culture for periodontal pathogen identification.	the aim of this study was to compare two methods of microbiological diagnosis, anaerobic bacterial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), for the detection of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, fusobacterium nucleatum, and treponema denticola.	2006	17064390
prevalence of selected bacterial named species and uncultivated phylotypes in endodontic abscesses from two geographic locations.	evidence is mounting that the prevalence of some putative endodontic pathogens can significantly vary according to the geographic location in which samples were taken. this study aimed to provide additional knowledge on this subject by comparing the frequencies of 10 selected candidate endodontic pathogens in samples of acute apical abscesses obtained from two distinct geographic locations; portland, or, and rio de janeiro, brazil. dna was extracted from aspirates and used as template in nested ...	2006	17174667
identification of the microorganisms responsible for periodontopathy by multiplex rt-pcr.	the aim of our research was to identify by bacterial genomic dna analysis the prevalence of five different species of periodontopathogenic bacteria present in the subgingival biofilm, specifically: actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (aa), porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), prevotella intermedia (pi), bacterioides forsytus (bf), treponema denticola (td). for the analysis we used the systematic multiplex-pcr-microdent kit with species-specific primers. we studied a group of 48 subjects, 18 males and ...	2006	17263160
laboratory maintenance of treponema denticola.	this unit describes the methods, media, and equipment necessary for routine laboratory culture and handling of the anaerobic oral spirochete treponema denticola. topics discussed include nutrient requirements, recommended media formulations, and expected growth kinetics, as well as methods and equipment necessary to maintain anaerobic conditions. an additional protocol on isolation of t. denticola from clinical samples is included.	2005	18770551
genetic manipulation of treponema denticola.	the oral anaerobic spirochete, treponema denticola, has been implicated in the etiology of human periodontal diseases; however, the molecular basis for the virulence of these organisms is still unclear. potential pathogenic factors expressed by t. denticola have recently begun to be identified through the development of gene transfer approaches in this organism following electroporetic transformation. several antibiotic resistance markers have been developed for use in the construction of monosp ...	2005	18770552
quantitative analysis of multi-species oral biofilms by taqman real-time pcr.	oral infectious diseases, including dental caries, various forms of periodontitis and oral malodor, are not caused by a single pathogen. the etiology of these diseases is known to be associated with bacterial accumulation and plaque composition on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. therefore, the quantitative, as well as qualitative, analysis of the microorganisms present in oral biofilms, namely dental plaque, subgingival plaque and tongue debris, is important for diagnosis and ratio ...	2005	16160072
homologues of insecticidal toxin complex genes in yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1a and their contribution to virulence.	yersinia enterocolitica is an enteric pathogen that consists of six biotypes: 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, and 5. strains of the latter five biotypes can carry a virulence plasmid, known as pyv, and several well-characterized chromosomally encoded virulence determinants. y. enterocolitica strains of biotype 1a lack the virulence-associated markers of pyv-bearing strains and were once considered to be avirulent. there is growing epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence, however, to suggest that s ...	2005	16177365
evaluation of liaison treponema screen, a novel recombinant antigen-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for laboratory diagnosis of syphilis.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of liaison treponema screen (diasorin, saluggia, italy), a new automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia), in comparison with that of rapid plasma reagin (rpr) and the following currently used treponemal tests: hemagglutination test (tpha), immunoenzymatic assay (eia), and western blot (wb). first, a retrospective study was performed with a panel of 2,494 blood donor sera, a panel of 131 clinical and serologically character ...	2005	16210488
probing the role of tyr 64 of treponema denticola cystalysin by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies.	tyr 64, hydrogen-bonded to coenzyme phosphate in treponema denticola cystalysin, was changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the tyr 64 mutant were investigated in an effort to explore the differences in coenzyme structure and kinetic mechanism relative to those of the wild-type enzyme. the wild type displays coenzyme absorbance bands at 418 and 320 nm, previously attributed to ketoenamine and substituted aldamine, respectively. the tyr 64 mutant ...	2005	16229486
demonstration of factor h-like protein 1 binding to treponema denticola, a pathogen associated with periodontal disease in humans.	treponema denticola is an important contributor to periodontal disease. in this study we investigated the ability of t. denticola to bind the complement regulatory proteins factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1). the binding of these proteins has been demonstrated to facilitate evasion of the alternative complement cascade and/or to play a role in adherence and invasion. here we demonstrate that t. denticola specifically binds fhl-1 via a 14-kda, surface-exposed protein that we designated ...	2005	16239506
defining the interaction of the treponema pallidum adhesin tp0751 with laminin.	various invasive pathogens attach to host tissues via the extracellular matrix component laminin, the major glycoprotein found within basement membranes. previous investigations identified the laminin-binding adhesin tp0751 within the spirochete bacterium treponema pallidum. in the current study, tp0751 was shown to attach to a variety of laminin isoforms that are widely distributed throughout the host, including laminins 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10. such universal attachment is conducive for an adhesin ...	2005	16239550
treponema denticola infection is not a cause of false positive treponema pallidum serology.	it has long been assumed that parodontal disease can be a cause of false positive results in syphilis serology, but so far there are no definitive data supporting this hypothesis. in this study we tested 250 serum samples obtained from blood donors. all of them were negative when routinely screened for antibodies against treponema pallidum. then, all these samples were tested by immunoenzymatic (elisa) and western blot (wb) assays to investigate reactivities against t. denticola. thirteen sample ...	2005	16240693
dissimilatory metabolism of nitrogen oxides in bacteria: comparative reconstruction of transcriptional networks.	bacterial response to nitric oxide (no) is of major importance since no is an obligatory intermediate of the nitrogen cycle. transcriptional regulation of the dissimilatory nitric oxides metabolism in bacteria is diverse and involves fnr-like transcription factors hcpr, dnr, and nnrr; two-component systems narxl and narqp; no-responsive activator norr; and nitrite-sensitive repressor nsrr. using comparative genomics approaches, we predict dna-binding motifs for these transcriptional factors and ...	2005	16261196
molecular detection of treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis in carotid and aortic atheromatous plaques by fish: report of two cases.	treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified in atheromatous plaques of two patients suffering from atherosclerosis by pcr and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the use of the fish technique suggested that these periodontopathic micro-organisms might be metabolically active within the wall of arteries, under the atherosclerotic lesion.	2005	15591262
enzyme adaptation to alkaline ph: atomic resolution (1.08 a) structure of phosphoserine aminotransferase from bacillus alcalophilus.	the crystal structure of the vitamin b(6)-dependent enzyme phosphoserine aminotransferase from the obligatory alkaliphile bacillus alcalophilus has been determined at 1.08 a resolution. the model was refined to an r-factor of 11.7% (r(free) = 13.9%). the enzyme displays a narrow ph optimum of enzymatic activity at ph 9.0. the final structure was compared to the previously reported structure of the mesophilic phosphoserine aminotransferase from escherichia coli and to that of phosphoserine aminot ...	2005	15608117
upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and proinflammatory cytokines by the major surface proteins of treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum, the phylogenetic group iv oral spirochetes associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections.	treponema maltophilum and treponema lecithinolyticum belong to the group iv oral spirochetes and are associated with endodontic infections, as well as periodontitis. recently, the genes encoding the major surface proteins (msps) of these bacteria (mspa and msptl, respectively) were cloned and sequenced. the amino acid sequences of these proteins showed significant similarity. in this study we analyzed the functional role of these homologous proteins in human monocytic thp-1 cells and primary cul ...	2005	15618163
the cytolethal distending toxin induces receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis, a disease characterized by rapid loss of the alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand (rankl) and osteoprotegerin (opg) are two molecules that regulate osteoclast formation and bone resorption. rankl induces osteoclast differentiation and activation, whereas opg blocks this process by acting as a decoy receptor for rankl. the purpose of this study was to investigate the ...	2005	15618171
biochemical characterization of phosphoryl transfer involving hpr of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in treponema denticola, an organism that lacks pts permeases.	treponema pallidum and treponema denticola encode within their genomes homologues of energy coupling and regulatory proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) but no recognizable homologues of pts permeases. these homologues include (1) enzyme i, (2) hpr, (3) two iia(ntr)-like proteins, and (4) hpr(ser) kinase/phosphorylase (hprk). because the enzyme i-encoding gene in t. pallidum is an inactive pseudogene and because all other pts genes in both t. pallidum and t. ...	2005	15641785
clinical effects of scaling and root planing on untreated teeth.	the aim of this report is to examine whether scaling and root planing (srp) in one area of the mouth may affect periodontal improvement in untreated areas in the same patient, possibly through systemic effects of treatment.	2005	15642054
defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity.	more than 700 bacterial species or phylotypes, of which over 50% have not been cultivated, have been detected in the oral cavity. our purposes were (i) to utilize culture-independent molecular techniques to extend our knowledge on the breadth of bacterial diversity in the healthy human oral cavity, including not-yet-cultivated bacteria species, and (ii) to determine the site and subject specificity of bacterial colonization. nine sites from five clinically healthy subjects were analyzed. sites i ...	2005	16272510
biofilm formation by the periodontopathic bacteria treponema denticola and porphyromonas gingivalis.	periodontitis develops as a result of the interaction of the host with subgingival plaque bacteria. both porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are frequently associated together in these oral biofilms.	2005	16277575
involvement of periodontopathic anaerobes in aspiration pneumonia.	increasing evidence has linked the anaerobic bacteria forming periodontopathic biofilms with aspiration pneumonia in elderly persons. in experiments designed to eliminate the potent respiratory pathogens forming biofilms in the oral cavity, we have shown that the mechanical and chemical oral cleansing using povidone-iodine effectively reduced the detection rates and numbers of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus species, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae in patients scheduled ...	2005	16277588
chex is a phosphorylated chey phosphatase essential for borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis.	motility and chemotaxis are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of lyme disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. controlling the phosphorylation state of chey, a response regulator protein, is essential for regulating bacterial chemotaxis and motility. rapid dephosphorylation of phosphorylated chey (chey-p) is crucial for cells to respond to environmental changes. chey-p dephosphorylation is accomplished by one or more phosphatases in different species, including chez, che ...	2005	16291669
streptococci dominate the diverse flora within buccal cells.	previously, we reported that intracellular actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, and tannerella forsythensis were present within buccal epithelial cells from human subjects, as lesser components of a polymicrobial flora. in this study, we further characterized that intracellular flora by using the same double-labeling techniques to identify fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, oral campylobacter species, eikenella corrodens, treponema denticola, gemella haemo ...	2005	16304448
evaluation of gel-pad oligonucleotide microarray technology by using artificial neural networks.	past studies have suggested that thermal dissociation analysis of nucleic acids hybridized to dna microarrays would improve discrimination among duplex types by scanning through a broad range of stringency conditions. to more fully constrain the utility of this approach using a previously described gel-pad microarray format, artificial neural networks (nns) were trained to recognize noisy or low-quality data, as might derive from nonspecific fluorescence, poor hybridization, or compromised data ...	2005	16332861
identification and localization of extraradicular biofilm-forming bacteria associated with refractory endodontic pathogens.	bacterial biofilms have been found to develop on root surfaces outside the apical foramen and be associated with refractory periapical periodontitis. however, it is unknown which bacterial species form extraradicular biofilms. the present study aimed to investigate the identity and localization of bacteria in human extraradicular biofilms. twenty extraradicular biofilms, used to identify bacteria using a pcr-based 16s rrna gene assay, and seven root-tips, used to observe immunohistochemical loca ...	2005	16332869
[experience in medical ozone use for root canal treatment].	the results of clinical and laboratory assessment of effectiveness of psr-diagnosis are presented. the high efficacy of ozone therapy is revealed. the findings demonstrate the reduction of number in the micro-organisms in root canal: actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from 31.25% to 10.21%; bacteriodes forsythus from 68.75% to 15.50%; treponema denticola from 37.5% to 11.4%; porphyromonas gingivalis from 56.25% to 45%; prevotella intermedia from 16% to 0%.	2005	16353031
characterization of the roka and hexa broad-substrate-specificity hexokinases from bacteroides fragilis and their role in hexose and n-acetylglucosamine utilization.	bacteroides fragilis, a human gastrointestinal commensal and an opportunistic pathogen, utilizes simple and complex sugars and polysaccharides for growth in the large intestine and at sites of infection. because b. fragilis lacks transport-linked sugar phosphorylation systems, cytoplasmic kinase(s) was expected to be required for the phosphorylation of hexoses and hexosamines. we have now identified two hexose kinases that are important for growth of b. fragilis on glucose, mannose, and other su ...	2005	15659667
fusobacterium nucleatum increases collagenase 3 production and migration of epithelial cells.	fusobacterium nucleatum is closely associated with human periodontal diseases and may also be a causative agent in other infections, such as pericarditis, septic arthritis, and abscesses of tonsils and liver. initiation and outcome of infective diseases depend critically on the host cell signaling system altered by the microbe. production of proteinases by infected cells is an important factor in pericellular tissue destruction and cell migration. we studied binding of f. nucleatum to human epit ...	2005	15664960
mutagenesis of a novel gene in the prca-prtp protease locus affects expression of treponema denticola membrane complexes.	a novel gene was identified in the treponema denticola prca-prtp protease operon. strains with mutations in either the prca-prtp or the msp region showed altered expression of a product(s) of the other locus. together, these results provide information on the assembly of outer membrane complexes involved in t. denticola interaction with host cells and tissue.	2005	15664975
clinical and microbiological effect of scaling and root planing in smoker and non-smoker chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients.	to compare the effects of scaling and root planing (srp) on clinical and microbiological parameters at selected sites in smoker and non-smoker chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients.	2005	15691352
protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated proteobacteria.	evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. the functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. we clustered completely-sequenced proteomes of prokaryotes on the basis of their protein domain content, as defined by pfam (release 16.0). this revealed that, although there was a correlation between phylogeny and domain content, ot ...	2005	15715905
transcriptome of treponema pallidum: gene expression profile during experimental rabbit infection.	rna transcript levels in the syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (nichols) isolated from experimentally infected rabbits were determined by the use of dna microarray technology. this characterization of the t. pallidum transcriptome during experimental infection provides further insight into the importance of gene expression levels for the survival and pathogenesis of this bacterium.	2005	15716460
impact of sample storage on detection of periodontal bacteria.	information on the impact of sample storage prior to analysis by dna methods is limited. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subgingival sample storage on bacterial detection and enumeration.	2005	15720575
identification of a new borrelia species among small mammals in areas of northern spain where lyme disease is endemic.	the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts for borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in several areas where lyme disease is endemic in northern spain. a low rate of infestation by ixodes ricinus nymphs was found in the small mammal populations studied that correlated with the near-absence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato in 184 animals tested and with the lack of transmission of b. burgdorferi sensu lato to i. ricinus larvae that fed on them. in contrast, questing ticks collected at the same time ...	2005	15746336
quantitative detection of volatile sulfur compound- producing microorganisms in oral specimens using real-time pcr.	it is well-known that some periodontopathic bacteria, especially porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, tannerella forsythia (formerly bacteroides forsythus or tan. forsythensis), and treponema denticola, actively produce volatile sulfur compounds (vscs), such as h2s and ch3sh. we previously reported a qualitative relationship between periodontopathic bacteria and vscs; however, a quantitative analysis of periodontopathic bacteria in oral specimens is required for further characteriz ...	2005	15752104
halitosis and periodontal disease in subjects with mental disabilities.	the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between halitosis, presence of n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (bana) positive activity (indicative of treponema denticola, porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythensis) and periodontal conditions in subjects with mental disabilities.	2005	15752108
mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endothelial cells.	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) is expressed in vascular endothelial cells of inflamed gingival tissues and plays an important role in periodontal pathogenesis. endothelial cells produce high levels of mcp-1 in response to porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen. the present study investigated the mechanisms involved in mcp-1 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) following infection with p. gingivalis. in contrast to p. gingivalis, bacteroide ...	2005	15780578
the thermophilic, homohexameric aminopeptidase of borrelia burgdorferi is a member of the m29 family of metallopeptidases.	proteases are implicated in several aspects of the physiology of microorganisms, as well as in host-pathogen interactions. aminopeptidases are also emerging as novel drug targets in infectious agents. in this study, we have characterized an aminopeptidase from the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. the aminopeptidolytic activity was identified in cell extracts from b. burgdorferi by using the substrate leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. a protein displaying this ...	2005	15784569
phototargeting oral black-pigmented bacteria.	we have found that broadband light (380 to 520 nm) rapidly and selectively kills oral black-pigmented bacteria (bpb) in pure cultures and in dental plaque samples obtained from human subjects with chronic periodontitis. we hypothesize that this killing effect is a result of light excitation of their endogenous porphyrins. cultures of prevotella intermedia and p. nigrescens were killed by 4.2 j/cm2, whereas p. melaninogenica required 21 j/cm2. exposure to light with a fluence of 42 j/cm2 produced ...	2005	15793117
crystal structure of the flagellar rotor protein flin from thermotoga maritima.	flin is a component of the bacterial flagellum that is present at levels of more than 100 copies and forms the bulk of the c ring, a drum-shaped structure at the inner end of the basal body. flin interacts with flig and flim to form the rotor-mounted switch complex that controls clockwise-counterclockwise switching of the motor. in addition to its functions in motor rotation and switching, flin is thought to have a role in the export of proteins that form the exterior structures of the flagellum ...	2005	15805535
scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a brazilian population ii--microbiological results.	the current investigation evaluated changes in levels and proportions of 39 bacterial species in subgingival plaque samples after scaling and root planing (srp) alone or in combination with systemic metronidazole and/or professional cleaning in subjects with chronic periodontitis.	2005	15811059
effective antiprotease-antibiotic treatment of experimental anthrax.	inhalation anthrax is characterized by a systemic spread of the challenge agent, bacillus anthracis. it causes severe damage, including multiple hemorrhagic lesions, to host tissues and organs. it is widely believed that anthrax lethal toxin secreted by proliferating bacteria is a major cause of death, however, the pathology of intoxication in experimental animals is drastically different from that found during the infectious process. in order to close a gap between our understanding of anthrax ...	2005	15819985
folding pathway of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate c-s lyase maly from escherichia coli.	maly from escherichia coli is a bifunctional dimeric plp (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) enzyme acting as a beta-cystathionase and as a repressor of the maltose system. the spectroscopic and molecular properties of the holoenzyme, in the untreated and nabh4-treated forms, and of the apoenzyme have been elucidated. a systematic study of the urea-induced unfolding of maly has been monitored by gel filtration, cross-linking, ans (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulphonic acid) binding and by visible, near- and far ...	2005	15823094
differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations.	this study intended to compare the prevalence of 7 putative endodontic pathogens in samples of primary endodontic infections taken from patients of 2 distant geographic locations.	2005	15829891
non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive topical doxycycline: a double-masked, randomized, controlled multicenter study. ii. microbiological results.	topical application of active substances offers an additional option in periodontal therapy. the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the administration of a novel, biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel on microbiological findings, in connection with scaling and root planing.	2005	15830639
dna probe identification of bacteria colonizing internal surfaces of the implant-abutment interface: a preliminary study.	currently, there is limited knowledge concerning the specific genus and species of bacteria that may colonize internal surfaces of the implant-abutment interface (iai) of two-stage dental implants. the purpose of this study was to use dna probe analysis to identify those periodontopathic bacteria that may inhabit the internal surfaces and healing abutment screw-threads of the iai of dental implants in situ.	2005	15830645
synthesis of autoinducer 2 by the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	defining the metabolic capabilities and regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression is a valuable step in understanding the pathogenic properties of infectious agents such as borrelia burgdorferi. the present studies demonstrated that b. burgdorferi encodes functional pfs and luxs enzymes for the breakdown of toxic products of methylation reactions. consistent with those observations, b. burgdorferi was shown to synthesize the end product 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (dpd) during laborat ...	2005	15838035
severe periodontitis in a 5-year-old girl with hyperimmunoglobulin e syndrome.	the hyperimmunoglobulin e syndrome (hies) is a multisystem disorder that affects the: (1) dentition; (2) skeleton; (3) connective tissues; and (4) immune system. little is known about periodontal manifestations of the syndrome. the purpose of this report was to describe a 5-year-old girl with suspected autosomal-recessive hies syndrome who revealed profusely bleeding and painful gingiva and generalized aggressive periodontitis. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based microbiological examination ...	2005	15839398
high production of methyl mercaptan by l-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane lyase from treponema denticola.	methyl mercaptan is derived from l-methionine by the action of l-methionine-alpha-deamino-gamma-mercaptomethane lyase (metase) and is a major component of oral malodor. this compound is highly toxic and is thought to play an important role in periodontal disease. we found that treponema denticola, a member of the subgingival biofilm at periodontal disease sites, produced a large amount of methyl mercaptan even at low concentration of l-methionine. metase activity in a cell-free extract from t. d ...	2005	15845368
binding properties and adhesion-mediating regions of the major sheath protein of treponema denticola atcc 35405.	there is growing evidence that a number of oral treponema species, in particular treponema denticola, are associated with the progression of human periodontal disease. the major sheath (or surface) protein (msp) of t. denticola is implicated in adhesion of bacteria to host cells and tissue proteins and is likely to be an important virulence factor. however, the binding regions of the msp are not known. we have purified from escherichia coli recombinant msp (rmsp) polypeptides corresponding to th ...	2005	15845495
a monoclonal antibody that conveys in vitro killing and partial protection in experimental syphilis binds a phosphorylcholine surface epitope of treponema pallidum.	immunization with purified treponema pallidum outer membrane vesicles (omv) has previously resulted in high-titer complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity. in this study, omv immunization resulted in the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, m131, with complement-dependent killing activity. passive immunization of rabbits with m131 administered intravenously conferred significant immunity demonstrated by the failure of syphilitic lesions to appear at 29% of intradermal challenge sites (7/2 ...	2005	15845516
a novel class of dual-family immunophilins.	immunophilins are protein chaperones with peptidylprolyl isomerase activity that belong to one of two large families, the cyclosporin-binding cyclophilins (cyps) and the fk506-binding proteins (fkbps). each family displays characteristic and conserved sequence features that differ between the two families. we report a novel group of dual-family immunophilins that contain both cyp and fkbp domains for which we propose the name fcbp (fk506- and cyclosporin-binding protein). the fcbp of toxoplasma ...	2005	15845546
porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia: the "red complex", a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis.		2005	15853938
molecular analysis of human oral microbiota.	the application of molecular, mainly 16s ribosomal rna (rrna)-based approaches enables researchers to bypass the cultivation step and has proven its usefulness in studying the microbial composition in a variety of ecosystems, including the human oral cavity. in this mini-review, we describe the impact of these culture-independent approaches on our knowledge of the ecology of the human oral cavity and provide directions for future studies that should emphasize the role of specific strains, specie ...	2005	15853975
detection of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans but not bacteria of the red complex in aortic aneurysms by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.	aortic aneurysms affect an increasing number of elderly patients and cause considerable morbidity and mortality. the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms is unclear and little is known about the role of microorganisms in the development of the condition. the aim of the present study was to examine aortic aneurysm samples for the presence of four putative periodontal pathogens: actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, treponema denticola, tannerella forsyt ...	2005	15857100
loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of the periodontopathic bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola.	loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), a novel nucleic acid amplification method, was developed for the rapid detection of the major periodontal pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola. the lamp method amplifies dna with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions using a set of four specially designed primers and a dna polymerase with strand displacement activity. in this study, we initially designed the primers for la ...	2005	15872275
proportional distribution of the red complex and its individual pathogens after sample storage using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique.	information on the impact of sample storage prior to analysis by dna methods is limited.	2005	15882222
clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the nd:yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. a randomized controlled study.	enhancement of the results obtained by scaling and planing is most often sought by using antimicrobial therapies. laser beams have been shown to be bactericidal and could possibly target pathogens more effectively and with fewer compliance problems than antiseptic solutions.	2005	15882229
strain relief at the active site of phosphoserine aminotransferase induced by radiation damage.	the x-ray susceptibility of the lysine-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate schiff base in bacillus alcalophilus phosphoserine aminotransferase has been investigated using crystallographic data collected at 100 k to 1.3 a resolution, complemented by on-line spectroscopic studies. x-rays induce deprotonation of the internal aldimine, changes in the schiff base conformation, displacement of the cofactor molecule, and disruption of the schiff base linkage between pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and the lys residue. analy ...	2005	15883191
prostaglandin e(2) is a main mediator in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand-dependent osteoclastogenesis induced by porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and treponema socranskii.	periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that often leads to destruction of alveolar bone; a number of bacteria in subgingival plaque are associated with bone destruction in periodontitis. to understand the mechanism of how periodontopathogens induce osteoclastogenesis, we determined which mediators are involved in the osteoclastogenesis.	2005	15898943
debridement and local application of tetracycline in the management of persistent periodontitis. clinical and microbiological results after 12 months.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of local delivery of tetracycline in persistent periodontal lesions after topical therapy.	2005	15902062
immunological evaluation and cellular location analysis of the tpri antigen of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.	the tpri antigen of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is a putative virulence factor predicted to be located in the outer membrane of the syphilis spirochete. in this study, we analyzed the immune response against tpri and its subunits in sera collected both from rabbits experimentally infected with the nichols strain and from patients with syphilis, showing a different pattern of reactivity toward the antigen in these two groups of samples. the protective ability of recombinant tpri and its hy ...	2005	15908421
protein-protein interactions in the chemotaxis signalling pathway of treponema denticola.	motile bacteria employ sophisticated chemotaxis signal transduction systems to transform environmental cues into corresponding behavioural responses. the proteins involved in this signalling pathway have been extensively studied on a molecular level in various model organisms, including enterobacteria and bacillus subtilis, and specific protein-protein interactions have been identified. the chemotaxis operon of spirochaetes encodes a novel chemotaxis protein, chex, in addition to homologues to t ...	2005	15941989