Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| discharges of krypton from sellafield, 1951-1997, and the resultant doses to members of the public. | the radionulide 85kr, which has a half-life of 10.72 years, is produced, almost exclusively, by reprocessing operations during which the fission product is released from irradiated nuclear fuel by chemical dissolution. reprocessing plants at sellafield, in cumbria, have released the noble gas to atmosphere since operations commenced in 1952. historically, krypton discharges were classified for security reasons, although these have been monitored and published by bnfl for each year since 1977. th ... | 1998 | 9656191 |
| [the man behind paget's syndrome. he gave name to diseases of the skeleton, breast and vulva]. | 1998 | 9656637 | |
| the maastricht strain and england strain of rat cytomegalovirus represent different betaherpesvirus species rather than strains. | the major immediate early (mie) locus of the maastricht strain of rat cytomegalovirus (rcmv) was found to comprise five exons of which the first is noncoding. the first three exons are spliced to either exon 4, generating ie1, or exon 5, generating ie2. an additional splicing event unique to rcmv (maastricht) was identified in exon 5, resulting in a 466-bp deletion. ie1 transcripts were detected exclusively during the ie phase of infection in vitro, whereas ie2 transcripts were detected during b ... | 1998 | 9657952 |
| effect of paternal alcohol consumption before conception on infant birth weight. alspac study team. avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood. | previous studies of paternal drinking and fetal growth in both animals and human have produced conflicting results. we evaluated the association between paternal drinking before conception and infant birth weight in a cohort of 9,845 liveborn singleton infant born to couples who participated in the avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood (alspac), alspac is a population-based cohort study in which women and their partners completed several self-administered questionnaires over the cou ... | 1998 | 9664637 |
| overtaking road-accidents: differences in manoeuvre as a function of driver age. | nine-hundred and seventy-three police road-accident files describing overtaking accidents were sampled from the headquarters of nottinghamshire constabulary, england, for the years 1989-1993. salient facts were extracted from each case, including the exact manoeuvre involved, the principle explanatory factors, the driver(s) most at fault, and the drivers' ages. two kinds of reliability measure for case interpretations. indicated high levels of consistency. two induced exposure measures were used ... | 1998 | 9666242 |
| causes of mortality and non-fatal conditions among grey seals (halichoerus grypus) found dead on the coasts of england, wales and the isle of man. | a survey of the diseases detectable in 141 grey seals stranded on the coasts of england and wales away from breeding colonies was carried out between mid-1989 and early 1997. the most common fatal conditions in pups less than three weeks of age were trauma (24 per cent of deaths) and dystocia (12 per cent); in pups more than three weeks of age thy were starvation (22 per cent) and pneumonia (22 per cent); in juveniles they were drowning in fishing gear (30 per cent) and starvation (19 per cent), ... | 1998 | 9682418 |
| the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: application of experimental sub-typing and antibody detection systems to the investigation of water-borne outbreaks. | a technique based on the analysis of banding patterns obtained by sds-page western-blotting of an oocyst wall antigen obtained from faeces has been evaluated to subtype cryptosporidium parvum tyzzer, 1912. this technique appears to have sufficient stability to recognise multiple types of this parasite. a similar western-blotting technique has also been used to assess antibody responses to cryptosporidial antigens in human sera. two systems were developed: one against three antigens of apparent m ... | 1998 | 9684318 |
| the role of the general practitioner in the community care of people with hiv infection and aids: a comparative study of high- and low-prevalence areas in england. | policy for the care of people suffering from hiv and aids has changed over the past decade. schemes for shared primary and secondary care have been met with varying success, and patients may be reluctant to become involved. no systematic evaluation comparing the views of primary care providers and users in areas of varying hiv prevalence has been published. | 1998 | 9692281 |
| inherited retinal telangiectasia with glial proliferation. | we describe five patients from a family of pakistani origin with inherited retinal telangiectasia and glial proliferation. characteristics of this condition include: variable visual loss; peripapillary retinal telangiectasia with vascular incompetence on fluorescein angiography; glial proliferation; cystoid macular edema or altered macular pigment; retinal hemorrhage; and abnormal electroretinopathy. we discuss the similarities with and distinguishing features from other documented conditions an ... | 1998 | 9713794 |
| an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 19 infection associated with cockles. | an outbreak of infection with salmonella enteritidis was detected because some of the cases lived near each other. swift investigation identified cockles as the vehicle of infection. the cockles had been gathered and cooked by a member of the public. phage typing of the s. enteritidis revealed phage type 19, which is rarely seen in the united kingdom. the outbreak illustrates the need for care in handling and preparation of shellfish for human consumption. catering establishments should be wary ... | 1998 | 9718836 |
| a five year survey of inoculation injuries in exeter. | a new policy was introduced in exeter as part of the process of improving the management of inoculation injuries. completion of detailed questionnaires by injured health care workers has enabled us to monitor their occurrence. this has helped in the management of individual incidents, provided valuable data for staff education, prevented injuries, and identified deficiencies in compliance with procedures. | 1998 | 9718846 |
| gps, schoolgirls and sex. a cross cultural background comparison of general practitioner attitudes towards contraceptive service provision for young adolescent females in scotland. | no previous studies have examined the influences of cultural background on the provision of contraceptive services to females under 16 years of age. a research project was undertaken to investigate any differences between general practitioners trained in the united kingdom and those trained in the indian sub-continent in relation to contraceptive service provision to females under 16 years of age. a self-completion postal questionnaire survey was distributed to 230 unrestricted principal general ... | 1998 | 9719710 |
| cattle tb crisis? human implications. | 1998 | 9734978 | |
| the use of specialist palliative care services by patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related illness in the yorkshire deanery of the northern and yorkshire region. | to examine the use of palliative care services by patients affected by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in hospices which do not specialize in the care of hiv patients, a tape-recorded, semistructured interview was carried out in 12 hospices in the uk. the interview explored concerns about such provision, as well as actual issues encountered. the study revealed that all 12 hospices accepted referrals for people affected by hiv and had clear working practices on infection control. between 1990 ... | 1998 | 9743834 |
| the value of screening for down's syndrome in a socioeconomically deprived area with a high ethnic population. | to assess the utility of biochemical antenatal screening for down's syndrome in a socioeconomically deprived area with a high proportion of asian women from the indian subcontinent. | 1998 | 9746377 |
| the natural history of fetomaternal alloimmunization to the platelet-specific antigen hpa-1a (pla1, zwa) as determined by antenatal screening. | immunization against the human platelet antigen (hpa)-1 alloantigen is the most common cause of severe fetal and neonatal thrombocytopenia. fetal therapy has substantial risks and its indications need better definition. of 24,417 consecutive pregnant women, 618 (2.5%) were hpa-1a negative of whom 385 entered an observational study. all were hla-drb3*0101 genotyped and screened for anti-hpa-1a. their partners and neonates were hpa-1 genotyped and the latter were assessed by cord blood platelet co ... | 1998 | 9746765 |
| hobson's choice: reproductive choices for women with learning disabilities. | this paper examines the present law in england and wales concerning the sterilisation of women who are unable to give valid consent to medical treatment. in particular, it considers why sterilisation is frequently presented as the only meaningful reproductive choice that can be made by or on behalf of women with learning disabilities. in addition, the paper assesses the extent to which the best interests test, as formulated by the english courts, has been successful in the promotion of dignity a ... | 1998 | 9757730 |
| binomial cokriging for estimating and mapping the risk of childhood cancer. | the incidences of human diseases vary from place to place, and this is also likely to be so for the risk of people developing many of them. we have analysed the spatial distribution of childhood cancer in the west midland health authority region of england from 1980 to 1984. this is a rare disease which is considered to be noncontagious. the observed frequencies of the disease in the electoral wards have been converted to proportions that estimate the risk of a child's developing it. the spatial ... | 1998 | 9773520 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant human group c rotavirus inner capsid protein (vp6) to detect human group c rotaviruses in fecal samples. | a recent study showed that 43% of a population in the united kingdom were seropositive for group c rotavirus. the higher than expected incidence may be due to limited diagnosis of acute human group c rotavirus infections because no routine test is available. human group c rotavirus infections are routinely diagnosed by electron microscopy (em) and a negative group a rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) result. an antigen-detection elisa was developed with hyperimmune antibodies ra ... | 1998 | 9774561 |
| human enteric pathogens identified in a london teaching hospital and a rural public health laboratory: 1994. | two microbiology laboratories, one serving an inner city hospital and one a rural public health laboratory, collected data on the outcome of examining faecal specimens in 1994. overall, 6.7% of the investigations were positive, but the rates were lower for hospital inpatients, for recently described pathogens, and in the absence of relevant clinical details; rates were higher for patients with a history of foreign travel. no benefit was gained by examining more than two specimens from any patien ... | 1998 | 9782627 |
| the cost-effectiveness of radon mitigation in schools in northamptonshire. | a comprehensive radon survey of 2372 rooms in 348 northamptonshire schools is reported, together with results of the successful mitigation of the raised radon levels found in 20 schools. from analysis of the occupancy of affected rooms and the costs of remediation a total cost of 19,400 pounds per man-sievert saved annually was derived. this is around four times more cost-effective than the radon remediation in health service premises in northamptonshire, and slightly more cost-effective than a ... | 1998 | 9791811 |
| the use of patients in health care education: the need for ethical justification. | this paper addresses ethical concerns emanating from the practice of using patients for health care education. it shows how some of the ways that patients are used in educational strategies to bridge theory-practice gaps can cause harm to patients and patient-practitioner relationships, thus failing to meet acceptable standards of professional practice. this will continue unless there is increased awareness of the need for protection of human rights in teaching situations. unnecessary exposure o ... | 1998 | 9800586 |
| mental incapacity: some proposals for legislative reform. | while the decision of the house of lords in re f in [1990] clarified somewhat the law concerning the treatment of the mentally incapacitated adult, many uncertainties remained. this paper explores proposals discussed in a recent government green paper for reform of the law in an area involving many difficult ethical dilemmas. | 1998 | 9800588 |
| otitis media in children with vertically-acquired hiv infection: the great ormond street hospital experience. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues to be a vexing problem in the pediatric population. otitis media, a common entity in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised children, is prevalent in pediatric patients with hiv infection. recurrent infections and complications secondary to otitis media are also common in this population. the purpose of this review was to evaluate the records of a large group of children with hiv infection undergoing treatment for otitis media at a ter ... | 1998 | 9804022 |
| hepatitis g virus infection in drug users in liverpool. | to establish the prevalence of hepatitis g (hgv) in drug users in liverpool; to explore the risk factors for, and the effects of, hgv infection. | 1998 | 9821088 |
| serum eosinophil cationic protein: distribution and reproducibility in a randomly selected sample of men living in rural norfolk, uk. | it has been proposed that serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) may be a clinically useful measure in allergic illness. the aim of this report is to describe the distribution and reproducibility of serum ecp levels in a population sample and to examine its relationship with other markers of disease. | 1998 | 9824406 |
| g209a mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene is rare and not associated with sporadic parkinson's disease. | 1998 | 9827625 | |
| feasibility of named antenatal hiv screening in an inner city population. | the object of this study was to assess the resource use, feasibility, uptake and consumers' perspective of introducing routine named human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing into an inner city hospital antenatal clinic (st thomas hospital, part of guy's and st thomas hospital trust). following the introduction of a new service offering routine named hiv testing at booking appointments, the length of the appointments were recorded over a three-month period and compared with appointment lengths ... | 1998 | 9828970 |
| unwanted sexual experiences reported by nursing students: implications for nurse education and training. | this study examined the nature and frequency of unwanted sexual experiences in childhood and adulthood reported by nursing students, using a questionnaire developed from the sexual events questionnaire (calam & slade). the questionnaire was distributed to 109 second-year nursing students (90 female and 19 male) for anonymous completion. at the same time a further short questionnaire asked students about their perceptions of the first questionnaire, and how far their course had, up to the present ... | 1998 | 9840889 |
| changing concepts of decorum and allure in the representation of teeth in art. | during the twentieth century western attitudes towards facial beauty have been transformed by developments in modern dental science. the possibility not only of retaining one's own teeth in adulthood, but also improving their appearance, changing the position, shape and colour, altering the contours of the face, eliminating deformity through different kinds of surgery--all of these astonishing developments have brought about a fundamental change in the way we see the human face, and how we expec ... | 1998 | 10895610 |
| who decides? legislating for the incapacitated adult. | 1998 | 11657580 | |
| 'i, me, mine': bodies, parts, and property. | 1998 | 11657809 | |
| ideology and mental health care - two historical perspectives. | two dominant caring ideologies have prevailed in mental health care over the past two centuries and are observable in modern nursing theory and practice. the first is grounded in philosophy and focuses on such issues as: "what is it to be human?"; "how should the good life be lived?" and "what conditions enable human beings to realise their potential?" the best example of this humanistic approach can be seen in the care that was provided at the york retreat in the late eighteenth and early ninet ... | 1998 | 11623662 |
| trend in suicide in england and wales, 1982-96. | trends in suicide in england and wales for the period 1982-1986 are analyzed by age, sex, method of suicide , and occupation. the authors also consider trends in factors associated with an increased risk of suicide, such as marital status, drug and alcohol misuse, imprisonment, and aids. | 1998 | 12222173 |
| small town development and urban illiteracy: comparative evidence from leicestershire marriage registers 1754-1890. | "based on the analysis of anglican marriage registers for the period 1754 to 1890, the article explores patterns of illiteracy in three small leicestershire [england] towns with contrasting economic functions. illiteracy levels were closely related to urban occupational and social structures, which also affected distinct gender differentials. evidence [of] the effect of literacy on age at marriage and marriage distance suggests that demographic behaviour and spatial interaction were determined m ... | 1998 | 12178166 |
| length of menstrual cycles and their variability. | "the paper presents a study on the length of [the human] menstrual cycle and of its phases [using] a data base provided by the catholic marriage advisory council of london.... an original aspect of the research is the identification of classes of gynecological age, that is age groups homogeneous as far as the cycle length or the length of its phases is concerned. in spite of the evident dominance of the preovulatory phase length on the total cycle length, the work has evidenced a strong compensa ... | 1998 | 12290404 |
| the earnings of male immigrants in england: evidence from the quarterly lfs. | "in this paper we estimate earnings functions for native born and foreign born white and non-white males in the english labour market, using data from the quarterly labour force survey.... our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between native born and foreign born males when investigating the labour market experience of ethnic minorities. furthermore, the earnings performance amongst white immigrants varies considerably." | 1998 | 12294847 |
| are rates of ageing determined in utero? | epidemiological studies have shown that poor early growth is associated with cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases. this has been explained by programming, whereby undernutrition and other influences which restrict early growth permanently change the structure and physiology of the body. the long-term effects of poor early nutrition on ageing have been demonstrated in animals but not studied in man. | 1998 | 12675097 |
| pulsed-field electrophoretic fingerprinting of salmonella indiana and its epidemiological applicability. | eight xba i-generated pulsed-field profile (pfp) types and four subtypes within one of the most common pfp types have been identified in salmonella indiana from patients, poultry and human food in england and wales in the three-year period from january 1994 to december 1996. two pfp types have predominated, pfp x1 and pfp x2. although the pfp x1 type was identified throughout the study period, the pfp x2 type was not identified until late 1995, subsequently becoming the most common pfp type in h ... | 1998 | 15244064 |
| identification of a large deletion, spanning exons 4 to 11 of the human factor xiiia gene, in a factor xiii-deficient family. | inherited deficiency of factor xiiia subunit (fxiiia) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by a life-long bleeding tendency and complications in wound healing. molecular genetic studies have shown the deficiency can be due to small sequence changes within the fxiiia gene, such as point mutations or microdeletions. on molecular analysis of the fxiiia gene in an fxiii-deficient patient, of united kingdom origin, we identified a putative homozygous missense mutation, arg408gln. ... | 1998 | 9414279 |
| epidemiological study of guillain-barré syndrome in south east england. | to determine the incidence, treatment, and outcome of guillain-barré syndrome in south east england. | 1998 | 9436731 |
| lack of association of a taq 1 polymorphism of the human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene with multiple sclerosis in a population of patients from the southampton area. | 1998 | 9436746 | |
| [el magnifico]. | 1998 | 9467285 | |
| echovirus keratoconjunctivitis. | to investigate an outbreak of echovirus-related keratoconjunctivitis. | 1998 | 9467445 |
| influenza activity in england, wales, and scotland. | 1998 | 9476419 | |
| a qualitative and quantitative survey of forensic odontologists in england and wales, 1994. | forty forensic odontologists in england and wales, as listed for the british association for forensic odontology in spring 1994, were surveyed by post. the 27 responses received, representing 67.5 per cent of those surveyed, were collated. the aims of the survey were to establish the distribution of experience between those forensic odontologists; to confirm the geographic areas covered by them; to establish the most likely source of introduction to forensic work; to ascertain the proportion of ... | 1998 | 9481076 |
| detection of five novel mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr) gene in pakistani patients with cystic fibrosis: y569d, q98x, 296+12(t>c), 1161delc and 621+2(t>c). | we analysed dna samples from 26 pakistani patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) living in the united kingdom (14 from patients residing in the north west of england, who were referred directly to the north west regional molecular genetics laboratory, and 12 from other regional molecular genetics laboratories). of 56 mutations seen in native u.k. cf patients, only deltaf508, r709x, and 2184insa were detected in the pakistani patients. combined sscp/heteroduplex analysis, dgge, and direct dna cycle s ... | 1998 | 9482579 |
| genetic variation in the east midlands. | according to history, the population of the british isles derives its genepool from a succession of invaders and immigrants. the settlement pattern of these invaders gave rise to a patchwork of genepools, shown in previous genetic surveys. specimens from 1117 blood donors of regionally subdivided east midlands (derbyshire, nottinghamshire and leicestershire) were analysed for 18 conventional genetic systems (blood groups, serum proteins and red cell enzymes), according to place of residence. sig ... | 1998 | 9483207 |
| prevalence of antibodies to the hawaii strain of human calicivirus as measured by a recombinant protein based immunoassay. | the evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay using recombinant hawaii virus-like particles (rhv-lps) with a panel of sera which had been screened previously for antibodies to norwalk virus (nv) and mexico virus (mxv) is described. the assay was also applied to study the epidemiology of hawaii virus. adult volunteers challenged with the prototype (genogroup ii, human calicivirus) hv developed significant igg responses (16-32 fold rises) following challenge whereas adults challenged or naturally infect ... | 1998 | 9496372 |
| childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: the boyd orr cohort study. | to examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer. | 1998 | 9501710 |
| immediate and long term outcome of human parvovirus b19 infection in pregnancy. | to estimate more precisely the risk of fetal loss and congenital abnormalities after maternal parvovirus b19 infection, and to assess the long term outcome for surviving infants. | 1998 | 9501782 |
| the incidence of aids-defining illnesses in 4883 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illnesses are known to occur at different levels of immunosuppression, and the incidence of diagnoses may also vary according to the cd4 lymphocyte count strata. information about the incidence of disease at different levels of immunosuppression would help clinicians monitoring patients and would allow prophylaxis to be targeted at the most appropriate population. | 1998 | 9508227 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| human violence: a treatable epidemic. | domestic violence is common, afflicting at least one in 15 of the population. the victims are usually women and children and the perpetrators often the traditional male head of the family. it commonly leads to a form of post-traumatic stress disorder manifested as psychiatric illness in women and violent crime in men. it is proposed that a major underlying factor is a failure of attachment in infancy. this form of violence can be prevented by better health care before and after birth, particular ... | 1998 | 9532959 |
| increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in shigellas from humans in england and wales: recommendations for therapy. | since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in shigella dysenteriae, sh. flexneri, and sh. boydii infections in england and wales has increased from 42% to 65% and the incidence of resistance to trimethoprim, from 6% to 64%. furthermore, of 1524 strains received in 1995-1996, 46% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. for sh. sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. these results demonstra ... | 1998 | 9533726 |
| influenza activity in england and wales remains low. | 1998 | 9549169 | |
| postmodernity and a hypertensive patient: rescuing value from nihilism. | much of postmodern philosophy questions the assumptions of modernity, that period in the history of the western world since the enlightment. these assumptions are that truth is discoverable through human reason; that certain knowledge is possible; and furthermore, that such knowledge will provide a basis for the ineluctable progress of mankind. the enlightenment project is underwritten by the conviction that knowledge gained through the scientific method is secure. in so far as biomedicine inher ... | 1998 | 9549679 |
| can the fatal toxicity of antidepressant drugs be predicted with pharmacological and toxicological data? | antidepressant drugs are among the most common drugs involved in fatal poisoning and large variations between antidepressant drugs have been noted. despite the fact that a large number of studies have calculated a fatal toxicity index (fti) for antidepressants, no serious attempts have been made to compare the differences in fatal toxicity against known pharmacological and toxicological differences in receptor affinity. it is potentially from such data that screening of drugs during their pre-cl ... | 1998 | 9589848 |
| fracture patterns at the medieval leper hospital in chichester. | humans are constantly at risk of bone fractures, not only when threatened by personal violence, but also by the challenge of daily living. because fractures are a cross-cultural phenomenon and are one of the more commonly observed skeletal lesions in archaeological collections, their presence provides a unique opportunity to compare living conditions, and thereby assess fracture risk in coexisting cultures. this study analyzed long bone fracture patterns of 212 sexed adults from the medieval lep ... | 1998 | 9537927 |
| euthanasia in england: courts, committees and consistency. | part i of this paper considers three competing ethical approaches to the valuation of human life: "vitalism', 'inviolability', and 'worth'. part ii argues that, largely as a result of the case of airedale nhs trust v bland, english law relating to 'euthanasia' (the intentional shortening of a patient's life, by act or omission, as part of his/her medical care) is in a morally and intellectually inconsistent state, incorporating inviolability by prohibiting doctors from intentionally killing pati ... | 1997 | 9573717 |
| complete genomic sequence of the human pk-l/r-gene includes four intragenic polymorphisms defining different haplotype backgrounds of normal and mutant pk-genes. | the human pyruvate kinase l/r-gene has been completely sequenced in unrelated normal individuals and in pyruvate kinase-deficient patients by a pcr-based direct genomic sequencing approach and analyzed for polymorphisms. the total length of the gene is 8409 nucleotides. four polymorphic sites have been detected: c/a1705 and c/t1992 in exon 12, a t-stretch in intron 1 occurring in the two polymorphic forms (t)10 and (t)19 and an (att)n microsatellite in intron j which has been found in the variat ... | 1997 | 9522120 |
| the prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients from the north west of england: 1992-1995. | microsporidia are increasingly being recognised as important enteric pathogens in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, i.e. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of detection of microsporidia associated with diarrhoea in patients with advanced hiv disease in the north west of england, and to determine the species involved and their prevalence. during the period from april 1992 to the end of december 1995, ... | 1997 | 9499596 |
| gordon holmes, the cortical retina, and the wounds of war. the seventh charles b. snyder lecture. | by the turn of the 20th century, localization of function in the cerebral cortex of the brain had advanced considerably, but a relatively vague idea only existed that human vision was represented in the vicinity of the calcarine cortex. world war i produced a large number of isolated missile wounds of the brain. their study yielded a complete topographical mapping of the visual field in the primary cortical vision center, and is a basis of our modern interpretation of visual fields. this map has ... | 1997 | 9476602 |
| effectiveness of influenza vaccine in reducing hospital admissions in people with diabetes. | the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in reducing hospitalization of people with diabetes for influenza, pneumonia, or diabetic events during influenza epidemics was assessed in a case control study in leicestershire, england. cases were 80 patients on the leicestershire diabetes register who were admitted and discharged from hospital with international classification of disease codes for pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, diabetic ketoacidosis, coma and diabetes, without mention of complica ... | 1997 | 9440437 |
| isolation of environmental mycobacteria from clinical specimens in south-east england: 1973-1993. | a reference centre for tuberculosis bacteriology serving south-east england. | 1997 | 9441063 |
| fluoride profiles in dental calculus from japanese, chinese and british residents. | whether the fluoride concentrations and profiles differ in human dental calculus obtained from different countries was investigated. a total of 203 dental calculus deposits on 203 permanent teeth from residents (mean age, 52.1 years) of nagoya (japan), shanghai (china), leeds (great britain) and the wuhan mountainous area (china, fluoridated area) were analysed. an abrasive microsampling procedure was used to examine fluoride distribution. there were five types of fluoride profiles in dental cal ... | 1997 | 9447256 |
| a community outbreak of vero cytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 infection linked to a small farm dairy. | a community outbreak of infection with vero cytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec 0157) occurred in a small area of north west england in 1996. an outbreak control team was established to investigate the outbreak and implement control measures. nine people developed symptomatic infections with vtec o157, and a further three were found to be excreting the bacteria. all were infected with the same genotype of vtec o157. three children under 5 years of age and one adult were admitted to h ... | 1997 | 9447786 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1996 to june 1997. | this report summarises information collected for the surveillance of influenza in england and wales during the winter of 1996/97. consultations for 'influenza and influenza-like illness' with sentinel general practitioners in england and wales began to increase towards the end of november and peaked at the start of january. in england, consultations for 'aggregated respiratory disease' (ard) began to increase a little earlier, perhaps as a result of increased respiratory syncytial virus activity ... | 1997 | 9447787 |
| influenza activity in england and wales. | 1997 | 9447789 | |
| mortality during the 1996/7 winter. | there was a sharp peak in mortality during the 1996/7 winter, resulting in an estimated 49 thousand excess deaths. this article describes the timing of the winter peak, the population affected and the main causes of death. the relationship between excess winter mortality, temperature and influenza is also explored. the peak in the number of deaths in december 1996 and january 1997 coincided with a peak in the number of deaths attributed to influenza and with low temperatures. however, the excess ... | 1997 | 9449156 |
| radon: a human carcinogen. | radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive gas that is found in group 0 of the periodic table. normally, it is found in extremely low levels in air but can, in certain geological formations, be a significant component of soil gas. doses from radon are the largest component of the average radiation exposure for the uk general population. certain areas, e.g. cornwall, of the uk have been found to have elevated levels of radon in dwellings and these have been classified as affected areas. here aut ... | 1997 | 9449198 |
| genotoxic activity in human faecal water and the role of bile acids: a study using the alkaline comet assay. | human faecal waters from 35 healthy non-smoking volunteers (23 from england and 12 from sweden) consuming their habitual diet were screened for genotoxicity by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (caco-2) as the target. hydrogen peroxide induced dna damage was categorized as low, intermediate or high for tail moments greater than 5, 17 and 32, respectively: 11 samples were highly genotoxic, four were intermediate, one was low and 19 show ... | 1997 | 9450481 |
| elizabethan madness: on london's stage. | during the reign of elizabeth i (1558-1603) a renaissance of both literary and political history occurred. the stage was transformed from primitive echoes of the morality plays to a vibrant and diverse exploration of human endeavor and man's place in the universe. the titanic literary figure of shakespeare today veils a group of friends and challengers whose pens strove for the same goal. the depiction of madness was ubiquitous during plays of this time and reflection on the views of this group ... | 1997 | 9461770 |
| population genetics of the fraxe and fraxf gcc repeats, and a novel cgg repeat, in xq28. | most of the rare folate sensitive fragile sites cloned to date arise from expansion of a cgg:ccg trinucleotide repeat array. analysis of the cag repeat at the huntington disease (hd) locus showed a positively skewed repeat distribution leading to the proposal that microsatellites are subject to a mutational bias toward expansion. such a mutational bias predicts an increase in mean repeat size at all microsatellite loci. we present an analysis of repeats at two fragile site loci, fraxe and fraxf, ... | 1997 | 9415475 |
| risk of testicular cancer in cohort of boys with cryptorchidism. | to determine the risk of testicular cancer in relation to undescended testis and its treatment based on recorded details of the maldescent, treatment, and biopsy from case notes. | 1997 | 9169396 |
| dr percivall willughby, md (1596-1685): pioneer "man" midwife of derby. | 1997 | 9175956 | |
| history of the crush syndrome: from the earthquakes of messina, sicily 1909 to spitak, armenia 1988. | man-made or massive natural disasters may be followed by 'epidemics' of the muscle crush syndrome. the first descriptions of the crush syndrome were in the german-language literature following the earthquake of messina in 1909 and world war ii. on the threshold of world war ii, the english-language literature was still unaware of the crush syndrome. during the london blitz in 1940, bywaters clearly delineated the pathogenesis of the crush syndrome and established guidelines for the management of ... | 1997 | 9189260 |
| [john locke, physician and philosopher. "the most sensible man on earth"]. | 1997 | 9190467 | |
| genetic characterisation of an influenza a virus of unusual subtype (h1n7) isolated from pigs in england. | an h1n7 influenza a virus, isolated from pigs in england in 1992, was examined genetically to determine the characteristics and probable origin of the eight gene segments. six of the rna segments encoding pb2, pb1, pa, ha, np and ns were related most closely to those of human viruses, whilst two of the rna segments (na and m) were related most closely to those of equine viruses. the ha gene was most similar to that of a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) but amino acid differences suggested independent genetic d ... | 1997 | 9191869 |
| a new locus for dominant "zonular pulverulent" cataract, on chromosome 13. | inherited cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease that most often presents as a congenital autosomal dominant trait. here we report the linkage of a new locus for dominant "zonular pulverulent" cataract (czp) to chromosome 13. to map the czp locus we performed molecular-genetic linkage analysis using microsatellite markers in a five-generation english pedigree. after exclusion of eight known loci and several candidate genes for autosomal dominant cataract, we obtained sign ... | 1997 | 9199569 |
| application of molecular methods to a nosocomial outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. | a nosocomial outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 occurred in july 1995. seven definite cases were identified over 13 days affecting four wards in a london hospital. the outbreak strain was characterized by plasmid profile typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and was unusual in that it did not possess a 38 mda plasmid common to most isolates of s. enteritidis pt 4 made from humans and food animals in england and wales. seven asymptomatic excreters were identified on scr ... | 1997 | 9211159 |
| rights of possession in human corpses. | 1997 | 9215160 | |
| increased incidence of parvovirus b19. | 1997 | 9219425 | |
| compensation for subjects of medical research: the moral rights of patients and the power of research ethics committees. | awareness of the morally significant distinction between research and innovative therapy reveals serious gaps in the legal provision for compensation in the uk for injured subjects of medical research. major problems are limitations inherent in negligence actions and a culture that emphasises indemnifying researchers before compensating victims. medical research morally requires compensation on a no-fault basis even where there is proper consent on the part of the research subject. in particular ... | 1997 | 9220333 |
| workplace urine screening for drug abuse. | 1997 | 9220335 | |
| socioeconomic status within social class and mortality: a prospective study in middle-aged british men. | it has been suggested that mortality differences between groups in society may be greater than are indicated by social class based on occupation. we have examined the relationship between social class and mortality using home and car ownership as additional indices of socioeconomic status within social class. | 1997 | 9222778 |
| multiplex reverse transcription-pcr for surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in england and wales in 1995 and 1996. | multiple-target (multiplex) reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection, typing, and subtyping of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza type a (h3n2 and h1n1) and type b viruses was developed and applied prospectively to virological surveillance of influenza in england in the 1995-1996 winter season. during this season both influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 viruses were circulating, although at different times. six hundred nineteen combined nose and throat swabs taken by general practitioners in sent ... | 1997 | 9230385 |
| the human growth hormone creutzfeld jakob disease litigation. | 1997 | 9241994 | |
| molecular analysis of an outbreak of influenza in the united kingdom. | the first outbreak of influenza virus in europe in 1995/1996 occurred in a school in the south of england. rt-pcr-restriction analysis was performed on the ha1 portion of influenza haemagglutinin gene amplified directly from clinical samples. these were taken at the onset of the outbreak and indicated co-circulation of two distinct genetic variants of influenza virus which were antigenically identical. investigations of this nature demonstrate the genetic diversity of circulating variants of inf ... | 1997 | 9258541 |
| increase in multiple antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal salmonellas from humans in england and wales: a comparison of data for 1994 and 1996. | the incidence of multiple drug resistance (to four or more antimicrobials) in salmonellas from humans in england and wales in 1996 has been compared with corresponding data for 1994. for salmonella enteritidis multiple resistance has remained rare, although a high proportion of isolates of phage type 6a have shown resistance to ampicillin. for s. typhimurium multiple resistance has continued to increase, with 81% of isolates now multiresistant. of particular importance in s. typhimurium has been ... | 1997 | 9270996 |
| recalling routes around london: activation of the right hippocampus in taxi drivers. | functional imaging to date has examined the neural basis of knowledge of spatial layouts of large-scale environments typically in the context of episodic memory with specific spatiotemporal references. much human behavior, however, takes place in very familiar environments in which knowledge of spatial layouts has entered the domain of general facts often referred to as semantic memory. in this study, positron emission tomography (pet) was used to examine the neural substrates of topographical m ... | 1997 | 9278544 |
| african diary. | you may have been wondering why there have been no further installments of african diary. the short answer is that diana was very ill from the side-effects of anti-malaria drugs. she has been back in this country being treated and having a spell of rest and recuperation. you will remember that diana and colin, her husband, had left mozambique and were very busy building up a new mission station, funded by a business man from liverpool, in uganda. before being taken ill, diana had written some no ... | 1997 | 9283330 |
| william cheselden (1688-1752): humane anatomist and master surgeon. | william cheselden (1688-1752) as a young man had a considerable reputation as an anatomist. he was one of the first to give a regular series of lecture/demonstrations and he incorporated this material into a basic text the anatomy of the humane body, which was extremely popular and was in print for 100 years. he was even better known as a surgeon, being on the staff of three teaching hospitals and recognized as the most skillful lithotomist of his time. his achievements are on record and he must ... | 1997 | 9287918 |
| the molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in six cities in britain and ireland. | we have sequenced the p17 coding regions of the gag gene from 211 patients infected either through injecting drug use (idu) or by sexual intercourse between men from six cities in scotland, n. england, n. ireland, and the republic of ireland. all sequences were of subtype b. phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in the sequences from homosexual men. in contrast, sequence from over 80% of idus formed a relatively tight cluster, distinct both from those of published isolates and ... | 1997 | 9300048 |
| the mediterranean diet: a view from history. | although the virtues of the mediterranean diet have been advocated since the renaissance, adoption of the diet outside the mediterranean region has proved difficult but not impossible. efforts at promoting dietary change have been explored in the writings of europeans and americans since 1614 when giacomo castelvetro, an exile from modena, italy, published a book in england on italian fruit, herbs, and vegetables. the historical causes of resistance by groups and individuals-culture, class, sex, ... | 1997 | 9322586 |
| maternal exposure to influenza and paranoid schizophrenia. | previous research has suggested that schizophrenics exposed to influenza in the second trimester have more delusions of jealousy, delusions of reference and suspiciousness. we therefore hypothesised that the risk-increasing effect of in utero exposure to influenza would be particularly demonstrable in paranoid schizophrenia. we studied patients with an icd diagnosis of schizophrenia in england and wales who were born each month between 1923 and 1965 (n = 17,247. chi-square test for trend showed ... | 1997 | 9323342 |
| hunterian peptic ulcers and helicobacter pylori. | gastric spiral organisms were first described in man in 1939 and identified as helicobacter pylori causing peptic ulcers in the early 1980s. surgical specimens of gastric resections from 1939 showed h. pylori to be present. full-thickness sections of gastric mucosa from gastric specimens from the eighteenth-century hunterian collection at the royal college of surgeons of england were examined by histology for the presence of h. pylori. four gastric ulcers and a section from an oesophageal varix ... | 1997 | 9326130 |
| contamination incidents among doctors and midwives: reasons for non-reporting and knowledge of risks. | a 6-month retrospective self-administered questionnaire study of 482 doctors and 380 midwives in two nhs trusts was undertaken. the response rate was 384 (80%) and 293 (77%) respectively. the study revealed that only nine per cent of doctors and 46% of midwives had reported the contamination incidents they had received. the doctors' main reason for non-reporting was 'too time consuming' and midwives' was 'did not consider anything could be done', although their awareness of the active management ... | 1997 | 9327639 |
| hospitals in england: impact of the 1990 national health service reforms. | this article aims to describe recent changes in english hospitals, with particular reference to the impact of the national health service (nhs) and community care act of 1990. | 1997 | 9339776 |
| qualifications in companion animal behaviour. | 1997 | 9342093 |