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segregation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in hybrids of fusarium fujikuroi and fusarium proliferatum.fusarium fujikuroi and fusarium proliferatum are two phylogenetically closely related species of the gibberella fujikuroi species complex (gfc). in some cases, strains of these species can cross and produce a few ascospores. in this study, we analyzed 26 single ascospore isolates of an interspecific cross between f. fujikuroi c1995 and f. proliferatum d4854 for their ability to produce four secondary metabolites: gibberellins (gas), the mycotoxins fusarin c and fumonisin b(1), and a family of re ...201222626844
in vitro antifungal susceptibility of filamentous fungi causing rare infections: synergy testing of amphotericin b, posaconazole and anidulafungin in pairs.mucormycetes (formerly known as zygomycetes of the order mucorales) and hyaline moulds such as those of the genus fusarium or paecilomyces are emerging as significant human pathogens. the aim of the study was to determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of these fungi to older and newer antifungals and to investigate the antifungal activity of amphotericin b, posaconazole and anidulafungin in dual combinations.201222535624
experimental infection of fusarium proliferatum in oryza sativa plants; fumonisin b1 production and survival rate in grains.fusarium proliferatum is a plant pathogenic fungus associated with crops such as asparagus and corn, and it possesses the ability to produce a range of mycotoxins, including fumonisins. in asia, rice (oryza sativa) is a staple cereal and is occasionally colonized by this fungus without obvious physiological changes. f. proliferatum is closely related to gibberella fujikuroi (anamorph f. fujikuroi) responsible for bakanae disease in rice; however there are few reports of f. proliferatum as a rice ...201222534354
analysis of fumonisin contamination and the presence of fusarium in wheat with kernel black point disease in the united states.the ability of the fungus fusarium proliferatum to cause kernel black point disease in wheat was previously established, but natural contamination of black point wheat with both f. proliferatum and fumonisin mycotoxins has not been studied in the united states. low levels of fumonisins were detected in nine of 43 wheat samples with kernel black point disease that were obtained from across the united states. a subset of samples was contaminated with f. proliferatum as well as with f. fujikuroi, f ...201222494515
a multiplex real-time pcr method using hybridization probes for the detection and the quantification of fusarium proliferatum, f. subglutinans, f. temperatum, and f. verticillioides.maize contamination with fusarium species is one of the major sources of mycotoxins in food and feed derivates. in the present study, a lightcycler(®) real-time pcr method using hybridization probes was developed for the specific identification, detection, and quantification of fusarium proliferatum, fusarium subglutinans, fusarium temperatum, and fusarium verticillioides, four mycotoxin-producing pathogens of maize. primers and hybridization probes were designed to target the translation elonga ...201223063186
the production of β-glucosidases by fusarium proliferatum nbrc109045 isolated from vietnamese forest.fusarium proliferatum nbrc109045 is a filamentous fungus isolated from vietnamese forest due to high production of β-glucosidases. production of the enzyme was studied on varied carbon source based mediums. the highest activity was obtained in medium containing 1% corn stover + 1% wheat bran (3.31 ± 0.14 u/ml). it is interesting to note that glucose (0.69 ± 0.02 u/ml) gave higher activity and just followed by cellobiose among the di- and mono-saccharides, which is generally regarded as a univers ...201222974424
near-infrared (nir) hyperspectral imaging and multivariate image analysis to study growth characteristics and differences between species and strains of members of the genus fusarium.near-infrared (nir) hyperspectral imaging was used to study three strains of each of three fusarium spp. (fusarium subglutinans, fusarium proliferatum and fusarium verticillioides) inoculated on potato dextrose agar in petri dishes after either 72 or 96 h of incubation. multivariate image analysis was used for cleaning the images and for making principal component analysis (pca) score plots and score images and local partial least squares discriminant analysis (pls-da) models. the score images, ...201222903431
the role of mycelium production and a mapk-mediated immune response in the c. elegans-fusarium model system.fusariosis is an emerging infectious complication of immune deficiency, but models to study this infection are lacking. the use of the soil nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to study the pathogenesis of fusarium spp. was investigated. we observed that fusarium conidia consumed by c. elegans can cause a lethal infection and result in more than 90% killing of the host within 120 hours, and the nematode had a significantly longer survival when challenged with fusarium proliferatum com ...201222225407
wetting properties of fungi mycelium alter soil infiltration and soil water repellency in a γ-sterilized wettable and repellent soil.soil water repellency (swr) has a drastic impact on soil quality resulting in reduced infiltration, increased runoff, increased leaching, reduced plant growth, and increased soil erosion. one of the causes of swr is hydrophobic fungal structures and exudates that change the soil-water relationship. the objective of this study was to determine whether swr and infiltration could be manipulated through inoculation with fungi. the effect of fungi on swr was investigated through inoculation of three ...201223245615
bromelain, a cysteine protease from pineapple (ananas comosus) stem, is an inhibitor of fungal plant pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain, a cysteine protease isolated from pineapple (ananas comosus), on growth of several agronomically important fungal pathogens.201222537505
endophytic fungi from pigeon pea [cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.] produce antioxidant cajaninstilbene acid.in this study, novel endophytic fungi producing cajaninstilbene acid (csa) from pigeon pea [ cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.] were investigated and screened. csa has prominent pharmacological activities. a total of 110 endophytic fungi isolates were grouped into 8 genera on the basis of morphological characteristics, and csa-producing fungi were screened by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to its-rdna sequences analysis, the csa-producing fungi were identified as f ...201222494407
cloning and characterization of a novel 2-ketoisovalerate reductase from the beauvericin producer fusarium proliferatum lf061.the ketoisovalerate reductase (ec 1.2.7.7 ) is required for the formation of beauvericin via the nonribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic pathway. it catalyzes the nadph-specific reduction of ketoisovaleric acid to hydroxyisovalerate. however, little is known about the bioinformatics' data about the 2-kiv reductase in fusarium. to date, heterologous production of the gene kivrfp from fusarium has not been achieved.201222916830
a luminescent bacterium assay of fusaric acid produced by fusarium proliferatum from banana.fusarium proliferatum was isolated as a major pathogen causing the fusarium disease in harvested banana fruit. one of its major compounds, fusaric acid, was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms). because the light intensity of the luminescent bacterium vibrio qinghaiensis sp. nov. q67 can be inhibited by fusaric acid, the fusaric acid content of f. proliferatum was assessed and compared by both the hplc and luminescent bacter ...201222105299
production of enniatins a, a1, b, b1, b4, j1 by fusarium tricinctum in solid corn culture: structural analysis and effects on mitochondrial respiration.enniatins (ens) are secondary fungal metabolites with hexadepsipeptidic chemical structure and they possess a number of potent biological activities that can contaminate several kind of food and foodstuffs increasing the exposure risk for consumers. ens are produced by several fusariun strains including fusarium subglutinans, fusarium proliferatum and fusarium tricinctum. production of a mixture of ens was performed by culturing f. tricinctum item 9496 on white corn as substrate. the solid cultu ...201223692767
fungal his-tagged nitrilase from gibberella intermedia: gene cloning, heterologous expression and biochemical properties.nitrilase is an important member of the nitrilase superfamiliy. it has attracted substantial interest from academia and industry for its function of converting nitriles directly into the corresponding carboxylic acids in recent years. thus nitrilase has played a crucial role in production of commercial carboxylic acids in chemical industry and detoxification of nitrile-contaminated wastes. however, conventional studies mainly focused on the bacterial nitrilase and the potential of fungal nitrila ...201223226336
in vitro antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol against mycotoxigenic plant pathogens.the aim of this study was to examine the effect of five naturally occurring compounds from essential oils on 10 different species of mycotoxigenic fungi involved in several plant diseases. the antifungal activities of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol were observed in vitro on fusarium subglutinans, fusarium cerealis, fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sporotrichioides, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus carbonarius, ...201122257275
free radicals, salicylic acid and mycotoxins in asparagus after inoculation with fusarium proliferatum and f. oxysporum.electron paramagnetic resonance was used to monitor free radicals and paramagnetic species like fe, mn, cu generation, stability and status in asparagus officinalis infected by common pathogens fusarium proliferatum and f. oxysporum. occurrence of f. proliferatum and f. oxysporum, level of free radicals and other paramagnetic species, as well as salicylic acid and mycotoxins content in roots and stems of seedlings were estimated on the second and fourth week after inoculation. in the first term ...201121957331
Fusarium proliferatum, an endophytic fungus from Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f, produces rohitukine, a chromane alkaloid possessing anti-cancer activity.Rohitukine is a chromane alkaloid possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immuno-modulatory properties. The compound was first reported from Amoora rohituka (Meliaceae) and later from Dysoxylum binectariferum (Meliaceae) and Schumanniophyton problematicum (Rubiaceae). Flavopiridol, a semi-synthetic derivative of rohitukine is a potent CDK inhibitor and is currently in Phase III clinical trials. In this study, the isolation of an endophytic fungus, Fusarium proliferatum (MTCC 9690) from the ...201121898150
influence of light on growth, fumonisin biosynthesis and fum1 gene expression by fusarium proliferatum.fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins, mainly found in maize and maize-based food and feed, associated with several diseases in animals. the impact of these toxins on the economy and health worldwide has driven several efforts to clarify the role of environmental factors that can influence fumonisin biosynthesis by the toxigenic species. we analyzed the influence of light of varying wavelength on growth and fumonisin biosynthesis by the fungus fusarium proliferatum item 1719. light in general had ...201122137249
identification and functional characterization of indole-3-acetamide-mediated iaa biosynthesis in plant-associated fusarium species.the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) can be synthesized from tryptophan via the intermediate indole-3-acetamide (iam). the two genes, iaam (encoding tryptophan monooxygenase) and iaah (encoding indole-3-acetamide hydrolase) that constitute the iam pathway have been described in plant-associated bacteria. we have identified putative homologs of the bacterial iaam and iaah genes in four fusarium species -fusarium proliferatum, fusarium verticillioides, fusarium fujikuroi, and fusarium oxys ...201122079545
sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol-producing toxigenic fusarium graminearum chemotypes.fusarium spp. are economically important crop pathogens and causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereals worldwide. of the fhb pathogens, fusarium graminearum 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) are the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotypes, threatening food and feed quality as well as animal and human health. the objective of the study was to evaluate host specificity and fungal-fungal interactions of sphaerodes mycoparasitica- a recently described ...201121204935
in vitro inhibitory effect of tetrahydrocurcuminoids on fusarium proliferatum growth and fumonisin b₁ biosynthesis.many plant pathogens produce toxic metabolites when growing on food and feed. some antioxidative components seem to prevent fungal growth and mycotoxin formation. recently, we synthesized a new class of powerful antioxidative compounds, i.e. tetrahydrocurcuminoids, and its structure/antioxidant activity relationships have been established. the south west of france produces large amounts of corn, which can be infected by fusarium species, particularly f. proliferatum. in this context, the efficie ...201121240822
production of dragon's blood in dracaena cochinchinensis plants by inoculation of fusarium proliferatum.dragon's blood is a traditional medicine widely used in the world from ancient times. however, little is known about its formation mechanism. this work aimed to gain some insights into its formation mechanism and to control its production. the results demonstrate that wounding plus causal fungal infection and keeping the wound moist are essential for efficient dragon's blood formation in dracaena cochinchinensis. two fungal isolates ym-266 and ym-71213 of fusarium proliferatum increased the yiel ...201121421373
determination of the loq in real-time pcr by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: application to qpcr assays for fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum.real-time pcr (qpcr) is the principal technique for the quantification of pathogen biomass in host tissue, yet no generic methods exist for the determination of the limit of quantification (loq) and the limit of detection (lod) in qpcr. we suggest using the youden index in the context of the receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve analysis for this purpose. the loq was defined as the amount of target dna that maximizes the sum of sensitivity and specificity. the lod was defined as the lowe ...201121603916
persistent fingernail onychomycosis caused by fusarium proliferatum in a healthy woman. 201121668519
in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of acetone and methanol extracts from thymus leucotrichius (lamiaceae).thymus species has been used as tonic and herbal tea, antiseptic, antitussive, carminative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. the acetone and methanol extracts of thymus (t.) leucotrichius (labiatae/lamiaceae) was examined for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.201121796869
genetic and phenotypic variation of fusarium proliferatum isolates from different host species.fusarium proliferatum (matsushima) nirenberg is a common pathogen infecting numerous crop plants and occurring in various climatic zones. it produces large amounts of fumonisins, a group of polyketide-derived mycotoxins. fumonisin biosynthesis is determined by the presence and activity of the fum cluster, several co-regulated genes with a common expression pattern. in the present work, we analyzed 38 f. proliferatum isolates from different host plant species, demonstrating host-specific polymorp ...201121796391
molecular characterization of pathogenic fusarium species in cucurbit plants from kermanshah province, iran.fusarium is one of the important phytopathogenic genera of microfungi causing serious losses on cucurbit plants in kermanshah province, the largest area of cucurbits plantation in iran. therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing fusarium spp. from infected cucurbit plants, to ascertain their pathogenicity, and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. a total of 100 fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased cucurbit plants collected from fields ...201123961146
mating populations of fusarium section liseola from rice, sugarcane and maize.mating studies were conducted on 78 isolates of fusarium species section liseola from rice, sugarcane and maize. from the crosses with tester strains of gibberella fujikuroi species complex, 64.1% (50 out of 78 isolates) were cross-fertile with tester strains of mating populations a to e. the results of the mating studies showed that of the 50 isolates, 19 belonged to mating population a (gibberella moniliformis), 18 to mating population b (gibberella sacchari), 4 to mating population e (gibbere ...201124575220
the fus3/kss1-type map kinase gene fpk1 is involved in hyphal growth, conidiation and plant infection of fusarium proliferatum.fusarium proliferatum is an important pathogen of maize that is responsible for ear rots, stalk rots and seeding blight worldwide. during the past decade, f. proliferatum has caused several severe epidemics of maize seedling blight in many areas of china, which led to significant losses in maize. to understand the molecular mechanisms in the fungal developmental regulation and pathogenicity, we isolated and characterized the fpk1 gene (genbank accession no. hq844224) encoding a map kinase homolo ...201122286038
natural occurrence of toxigenic fusarium proliferatum on paddy (oryza sativa l.) in karnataka, india.contamination of paddy seeds (rice with husk) by fusarium species can cause spoilage and subsequent production of mycotoxins, especially fumonisins that affect human and animal health. a mycological study was conducted to evaluate the natural occurrence of fumonisin b1 produced by fusarium proliferatum on paddy grown in different geographic regions of karnataka (india). a total of 65 isolates of f. proliferatum from paddy samples were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). one set of prime ...201024575185
fum cluster divergence in fumonisins-producing fusarium species.fumonisins are polyketide-derived mycotoxins, produced by several fusarium species, and its biosynthetic pathway is controlled by the fum cluster--a group of genes exhibiting a common expression pattern during fumonisin biosynthesis. the most common are the b analogues with fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) being the most prevalent. at least a part of the inter- and intraspecific variation in fbs synthesis level can be explained by the sequence differences inside fum cluster. the aim of our study was to ev ...201021315309
electrochemical and afm characterization on gold and carbon electrodes of a high redox potential laccase from fusarium proliferatum.the redox potential of the t1 copper site of laccase from fusarium proliferatum was determined by titration to be about 510 mv vs. sce (750 mv vs. nhe), which makes it a high redox potential enzyme. anaerobic electron transfer reactions between laccase and carbon and gold electrodes were detected, both in solution and when the enzyme was adsorbed on these surfaces. in solution, a single high-potential signal (660 mv vs. sce) was recorded at the carbon surfaces, attributable to the t1 copper site ...201019854115
biocatalytic properties of a recombinant fusarium proliferatum lactonase with significantly enhanced production by optimal expression in escherichia coli.the levo-lactonase gene of fusarium proliferatum ecu2002 (ec3.1.1.25) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli jm109 (de3) for biocatalytic resolution of industrially important chiral lactones, including dl-pantoyl lactone which was a key precursor to calcium d-pantothenate. by increasing the biomass concentration and lowering the inducer (isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) concentration and induction temperature, the lactonase production was significantly enhanced up to 20 ku/l, which was 20 ...201019876606
genetic variability and fumonisin production by fusarium proliferatum.fusarium proliferatum is together with fusarium verticillioides the main source of fumonisins, a health risk mycotoxin, contaminating agro-products. contrary to f. verticillioides, it colonizes a wide range of host plants besides maize, such as wheat or barley among others, in particular in certain regions (southern europe). the phylogenetic study performed in this work using a wide sample of isolates from diverse hosts and origins revealed a high variability, while no host preferences could be ...201019913692
fusarium proliferatum soft tissue infection at the site of a puncture by a plant: recovery, isolation, and direct molecular identification.after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, a 49-year-old man developed fever and inflammation at the site of a plant puncture on a finger. a hyalohyphomycete was recovered by incubating the plant spine fragment following surgery. amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region and 5.8s rrna, beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor coding genes identified fusarium proliferatum, which was confirmed later by culture.201019923491
adenylyl cyclase regulates heavy metal sensitivity, bikaverin production and plant tissue colonization in fusarium proliferatum.a homologue of the adenylyl cyclase (ac) gene of neurospora crassa, named fpacy1 was cloned from the genomic library of fusarium proliferatum item 2287 by screening the library with a dna fragment amplified by using pcr primers designed from conserved sequences of the catalytic domain of ac genes from other fungi. the deduced fpacy1 protein had 53-77% identity with the ac proteins of other fungi. deltafpacy1 mutants obtained by targeted gene disruption showed retarded vegetative growth, increase ...201020082366
time-lapse analysis of cell death in mammalian and fungal cells.time-lapse video microscopy was designed to follow the movement of single cells for an unlimited period of time under physiological conditions. the system is based on two inverted microscopes located in a co(2) incubator and equipped with charge-coupled device cameras connected to the computer. frames were recorded every minute and the subsequent video sequence was converted to database form. the system was applied to describe the movements of normal hacat cells and pb-treated cells causing the ...201020218896
antibacterial effect of the bioactive compound beauvericin produced by fusarium proliferatum on solid medium of wheat.to obtain the bioactive compound beauvericin (bea), fusarium proliferatum cect 20569 was grown on a solid medium of wheat, utilizing the technique of the solid state fermentation (ssf), being this mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semi-preparative column using as the mobile phase acetonitrile/water in gradient condition. the purity of the bea was verified by analytical hplc and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms-ms). the p ...201020371252
antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins a, a(1), b, b(1).to produce enniatin (ens), fusarium tricinctum cect 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (pdb), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. the purity of the ens fractions was verified by analytical hplc and lc/ms-ms. the pure fractions of ens were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as fusarium verticilloides ...201020417654
formation of fumonisins and other secondary metabolites by fusarium oxysporum and f. proliferatum: a comparative study.the principal aim of this study was to estimate the formation of fumonisins (fb(1) and fb(2)), moniliformin (mon), and ergosterol (erg) by fusarium oxysporum and fusarium proliferatum, while the formation of beauvericin (bea) was estimated by the latter fusarium species only. moreover, the effect of temperature on the biosynthesis of mycotoxins was also evaluated. fumonisins were formed by f. proliferatum, with the highest yield at 18 degrees c (720.0-1976.6 microg g(-1) for fb(1), 74.2-670.8 mi ...201020455157
characterization of glycolipid biosurfactant from pseudomonas aeruginosa cpcl isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil.to isolate and characterize the biosurfactant-producing micro-organism from petroleum-contaminated soil as well as to determine the biochemical properties of the biosurfactant.201020477962
differential effect of environmental conditions on the growth and regulation of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene fum1 in the maize pathogens and fumonisin producers fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum.the effects of ecophysiological factors, temperature and solute potential, on both the growth and the regulation of the fumonisin biosynthetic fum1 gene were studied and compared in one isolate each of the two closely related fumonisin-producing and maize pathogens fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum. the effect of solute potential and temperature was examined on in vitro mycelia growth and on the expression of the fum1 gene, quantified by species-specific real-time reverse transc ...201020491926
potential of pediococcus pentosaceus (l006) isolated from maize leaf to suppress fumonisin-producing fungal growth.the present study was aimed at characterizing the ability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from maize to repress the growth of fumonisin-producing fungi. a total of 67 isolates were screened for their antifungal activity against fusarium proliferatum and fusarium verticillioides by using the overlay method. the most efficient antifungal isolate was identified as pediococcus pentosaceus (l006), on the basis of physiological and biochemical characterization and 16s rrna gene sequencing. production ...201020537273
hydroxylation at carbon-2 of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid by fusarium proliferatum.a new product of biotransformation of ent-16-oxo-17-norkauran-19-oic acid (1) by fusarium proliferatum was isolated and identified as a 2beta-hydroxy derivative (2). the structure of 2 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. the allelopathic activity of compound 2 was evaluated on the growth of radicals and shoots of lactuca sativa (lettuce). this is the first time that fungal hydroxylation at position c-2 has been reported ...201020617817
fumonisin b(1) and implications in nursery swine productivity: a quantitative exposure assessment.this study estimated the long-term exposure of fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) in nursery swine diets and associated toxicological adverse effects on negative productivity potential using quantitative exposure assessment. fumonisin b(1) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum and is a common biological contaminant of corn (zea mays l.) and other grains. acute effects from fb(1) exposures are well recognized and managed in the swine industry, but practices to limit pr ...201020622179
production and migration of mycotoxins in sweet pepper analyzed by multimycotoxin lc-ms/ms.in this work the presence and migration behavior of mycotoxins formed in sweet pepper, inoculated by fusarium species involved in internal fruit rot, were investigated. two different commercial sweet pepper cultivars were inoculated with two different fusarium proliferatum isolates that were sampled from diseased peppers. after 10 days of incubation at 20 °c in a closed container, the lesion caused by the fungal infection was dissected. around the lesion, up to three concentric rings of pepper f ...201020825158
a molecular based strategy for rapid diagnosis of toxigenic fusarium species associated to cereal grains from argentina.fusarium species are worldwide causal agents of ear rot in cereals. their toxigenic potential is a health risk for both humans and animals. in argentina, most identification of these fungi has been based on morphological and cross-fertility criteria which are time consuming and require considerable expertise in fusarium taxonomy and physiology. dna based approaches have been reported as rapid, sensitive and specific alternatives to identify the main fumonisin and trichothecene-producing fusarium ...201020965064
dermatitis in captive wyoming toads (bufo baxteri) associated with fusarium spp.from may 2007 to june 2008, 30 of 49 wyoming toads (bufo baxteri) kept at omaha's henry doorly zoo (nebraska, usa) died showing clinical signs of ventral erythema, inappetance, lethargy, and delayed righting reflex. treatment with antifungals and antibiotics was unsuccessful in all cases. histopathologic analyses revealed dermatitis as the primary problem in 20 of 21 toads in which skin was examined. fungal dermatitis was present in 17 toads, with hyphae approximately 1-3 μm in diameter, and par ...201020966269
synergistic degradation of 2-naphthol by fusarium proliferatum and bacillus subtilis in wastewater.2-naphthol, which originates widely from various industrial activities, is toxic and thus harmful to human liver and kidney. a new compound biodegradation system was adopted to degrade 2-naphthol-contaminated wastewater. enzymatic response to 2-naphthol biodegradation in the aqueous phase was also studied. as a co-metabolic substrate, salicylic acid could induce the two microorganisms to produce a large amount of degradation enzymes for 2-naphthol. the key enzymes were confirmed as polyphenol ox ...200919070430
n-starvation stress induced fum gene expression and fumonisin production is mediated via the hog-type mapk pathway in fusarium proliferatum.during cultivation of a wild type strain of fusarium proliferatum on ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing defined medium, expression levels of fum1 and fum8, members of the fumonisin biosynthesis gene cluster significantly increased when ammonium ion concentration of the culture medium decreased below 10 mm, indicating that n-depletion triggers the fumonisin biosynthesis genes. deletion of fphog1, a hog-type map kinase gene resulted in further increases in fum1 and fum8 expression under nitr ...200919181411
less-frequent fusarium species of clinical interest: correlation between morphological and molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility.forty-eight fusarium isolates morphologically identified as belonging to seven species of clinical interest (i.e., fusarium chlamydosporum, fusarium dimerum, fusarium incarnatum, fusarium napiforme, fusarium nygamai, fusarium proliferatum, and fusarium sacchari) were characterized molecularly by the analysis of the sequences of the tub region of the beta-tubulin gene. f. chlamydosporum and f. dimerum were the most genetically heterogeneous species. a high degree of correlation between the morpho ...200919321723
fumonisin b(1) production by fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from allium fistulosum plants and seeds in japan.to test the fumonisin b(1)-producing ability of fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from welsh onion (allium fistulosum) plants and seeds of commercial cultivars in japan and to examine the applicability of pcr-based assays to discriminate between fumonisin b(1)-producing and nonproducing isolates.200919416462
use of mass spectrometry to identify clinical fusarium isolates.fusarium spp. have recently emerged as significant human pathogens. identification of these species is important, both for epidemiological purposes and for patient management, but conventional identification based on morphological traits is hindered by major phenotypic polymorphism. in this study, 62 strains, or isolates, belonging to nine fusarium species were subjected to both molecular identification tef1 gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-to ...200919456834
antifungal activity, mechanism and qsar studies on chalcones.in this paper, the synthesis of 48 chalcones and their in vitro antifungal activity against aspergillus flavus ncim 594, fusarium proliferatum ncim1105, aspergillus niger ncim 596 and candida tropicalis ncim 3556 are reported. predominantly, the active compounds (6, 9, 14, 27, and 47) against all four fungi have found to have electron withdrawing substitutions in their para substitution in b-ring. quantitative structure-activity relationship indicated that the antifungal activities are correlate ...200919519746
the its region as a taxonomic discriminator between fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum.the maize pathogens fusarium verticillioides (fv) and fusarium proliferatum (fp) are morphologically very similar to one another, so fp isolates have been often mistaken as fusarium moniliforme (the former name of fv). the only presently accepted morphological discriminator between these species is the presence/absence of polyphialides. here, a collection of 100 fusarium strains, isolated from infected maize kernels on plants grown in north-western italy, were assigned as fv or fp on the basis o ...200919631741
synthesis of n-alkyl-beta-d-glucosylamines and their antimicrobial activity against fusarium proliferatum, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria innocua.in this study, different n-alkyl-beta-d-glucosylamines were evaluated for both antifungal and antibacterial activity against fusarium proliferatum (inra, mucl 1807.7), listeria innocua (istab, université bordeaux 1), and salmonella typhimurium (institut pasteur 5858). the tested glucosylamines were beta-d-glucosylamine (gpa), n-ethyl-beta-d-glucosylamine (etgpa), n-butyl-beta-d-glucosylamine (bugpa), n-hexyl-beta-d-glucosylamine (hegpa), n-octyl-beta-d-glucosylamine (ocgpa), n-dodecyl-beta-d-glu ...200919908897
fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals.fumonisins are phytotoxic mycotoxins which are synthesized by various species of the fungal genus fusarium such as fusarium verticillioides (sacc.) nirenberg (ex f.moniliforme sheldon) and fusarium proliferatum. the trichothecene (tc) mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produce by species that belong to several fungal genera, especially fusarium, stachybotrys, trichothecium, trichoderma, memnoniella and myrothecium. fusarium mycotoxins are widely dispersed in cereals and their products. zearale ...200819330061
antifungal activity of lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans isolated from a sourdough bread culture.lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four different sourdough bread cultures previously investigated for antifungal activity. a total of 116 isolates were obtained and screened for antifungal activity against a battery of molds. the most inhibitory isolate obtained was identified by api 50 chl and 16s ribosomal rna genotyping and found to be lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans. this isolate completely inhibited the growth of fusarium proliferatum m 5689, m 5991 and fusarium graminearum r 40 ...200818077044
successful salvage treatment of disseminated cutaneous fusariosis with liposomal amphotericin b and terbinafine after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.fusarium infections are associated with high mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. we report on successful treatment of a disseminated cutaneous fusarium proliferatum infection using liposomal amphotericin b and terbinafine. in vitro susceptibility tests of antifungal drugs suggest that terbinafine is a potent additional antifungal drug for disseminated cutaneous fusariosis.200818194367
characterization of a new mitochondrial plasmid from fusarium proliferatum.a 10.3kb linear mitochondrial dna plasmid designated pfp1 was isolated from fusarium proliferatum. the dna sequence of the plasmid consists of 10,336bp with perfect terminal inverted repeats of 400bp. two major, non-overlapping orfs were identified on opposite strands, encoding a phage-type rna polymerase and a family b type dna polymerase, respectively. one additional minor orf encoding a putative highly basic protein was also identified. the copy number of pfp1, as determined by rt-pcr, ranged ...200818262647
antifungal susceptibility profile of clinical fusarium spp. isolates identified by molecular methods.to analyse the susceptibility pattern of a collection of fusarium clinical isolates.200818263569
a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in fusarium oxysporum strain o-1890 and the genetic basis for b versus c fumonisin production.most species of fusarium that produce fumonisin mycotoxins produce predominantly b fumonisins (fbs). however, fusarium oxysporum strain o-1890 produces predominantly c fumonisins (fcs). in this study, the nucleotide sequence of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (fum) cluster in strain o-1890 was determined. the order and orientation of fum genes were the same as in the previously described clusters in fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum. coding regions of f. oxysporum and f. vertici ...200818375156
fphog1, a hog-type map kinase gene, is involved in multistress response in fusarium proliferatum.delta fphog1 mutants of fusarium proliferatum obtained by targeted gene disruption of fphog1, an orthologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1 mapk gene showed increased sensitivity towards different abiotic stressors including uv-irradiation, heat, salt, osmotic and hydrogen peroxide treatments. incubation of the delta fphog1 mutants under hyperosmotic conditions was accompanied with prolonged growth arrest, inhibition of conidial germination, morphological abnormalities and time-dependent in ...200818506895
the use of its dna sequence analysis and maldi-tof mass spectrometry in diagnosing an infection with fusarium proliferatum.although mycoses are among the most common diseases worldwide, infections with fusarium spp. occur only rarely. mostly patients suffering from underlying immune deficiency are infected with this mould, resulting in a considerably decreasing prognosis. in immunocompromised patients, cutaneous manifestations are more often associated with fusarium sp. than with candida sp. or aspergillus sp. we describe one patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who was first treated with chemotherapy after g ...200818547323
metabiotic effects of fusarium spp. on escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on raw portioned tomatoes.the metabiotic effects of fusarium proliferatum, f. avenaceum, and f. oxysporum on escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in fresh tomatoes were investigated. tomatoes were preinoculated with the molds and incubated at 15 degrees c for 7 days; then they were inoculated separately with the pathogens, packaged in air and modified atmosphere (5% o2, 30% co2, and 65% n2), and stored at 4, 8, and 12 degrees c for 9 days. the cell loads of pathogens and lactic acid bacteria and the ph wer ...200818680934
production of gibberellic acids by an orchid-associated fusarium proliferatum strain.the rice pathogen fusarium fujikuroi is well known for its ability to produce the plant hormones gibberellins (gas). however, the majority of closely related fusarium species is unable to produce gas although the ga gene cluster is present in their genomes. in this study, we analyzed five orchid-associated fusarium isolates for their capacity to produce gas. four of them did not produce any gas and were shown not to contain any ga biosynthetic genes. however, the fifth isolate, which has been id ...200818694840
antifungal activity of lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans against fusarium proliferatum and fusarium graminearum in a liquid culture setting.lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans, isolated from a traditional sourdough bread culture and previously shown to have antifungal activity against fusarium species, was tested for inhibition of growth of fusarium proliferatum m 5991 and m 5689 and f. graminearum r 4053 in a liquid medium setting. this isolate completely inhibited the growth of f. proliferatum m 5689 and m 5991 and f. graminearum r 4053, whereas such growth was not inhibited in the control in a supernatant agar plate assay. wh ...200819044263
the influence of modified atmospheres and their interaction with water activity on the radial growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum on corn. part i: the effect of initial headspace carbon dioxide concentration.the effect of modified atmospheres on the growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on corn is presented in a series of two papers. in this, the first part, the effect of initial headspace (ih) carbon dioxide concentration and its interaction with water activity (a(w)) on growth and fumonisin b(1) production was evaluated. it was observed that at all a(w) values studied, increase in the ih co(2) concentration generally resulted in a decrease in th ...200717084933
the influence of modified atmospheres and their interaction with water activity on the radial growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum on corn. part ii: the effect of initial headspace oxygen concentration.this paper is the second in a series of two that describe the effect of modified atmospheres on the growth and mycotoxin production of fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on corn. in this part, the effect of initial headspace (ih) oxygen concentration and its interaction with water activity (a(w)) on growth and fumonisin b(1) production was investigated. in addition, the impact of vacuum packaging and in-cooperation of o(2) scrubbing sachets was also studied. it was observed that ...200717084934
mould germination: data treatment and modelling.the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ...200717188772
contamination of pine nuts by fumonisin produced by strains of fusarium proliferatum isolated from pinus pinea.to test the ability of fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from pinus pinea to synthesize fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) in pine nuts.200717209817
biodiversity of fusarium species in mexico associated with ear rot in maize, and their identification using a phylogenetic approach.fusarium proliferatum, f. subglutinans, and f. verticillioides are known causes of ear and kernel rot in maize worldwide. in mexico, only f. verticillioides and f. subglutinans, have been reported previously as causal agents of this disease. however, fusarium isolates with different morphological characteristics to the species that are known to cause this disease were obtained in the highland-valley region of this country from symptomatic and symptomless ears of native and commercial maize genot ...200717216329
cloning and characterization of fpmtr1, an amino acid transporter gene of fusarium proliferatum (gibberella intermedia).fpmtr1, an amino acid transporter gene from fusarium proliferatum was strongly expressed during conidial germination and repressed in late stationary phase. to identify the specific function of this gene, deltafpmtr1 knock-out mutants were generated by gene replacement. vegetative growth of the deltafpmtr1 mutants was normal both in liquid and on solid media, but conidial germination was delayed. the deltafpmtr1 mutants and the wild type were equally fertile when used as males in sexual crosses, ...200717304613
occurrence of fumonisins b1 and b2 in portuguese maize and maize-based foods intended for human consumption.fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) and fumonisin b(2) (fb(2)) are mycotoxins mainly produced by fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum, which are field pathogens of maize. a survey was conducted on the incidences of fb(1) and fb(2) in both maize and derived products purchased in portugal. the analytical method involved extraction with methanol-water, clean-up by immunoaffinity column and derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde. determination was carried out by high-performance liqui ...200717454111
isolation and properties of a levo-lactonase from fusarium proliferatum ecu2002: a robust biocatalyst for production of chiral lactones.a fungus strain ecu2002, capable of enantioselectively hydrolyzing chiral lactones to optically pure hydroxy acids, was newly isolated from soil samples through two steps of screening and identified as fusarium proliferatum (matsushima) nirenberg. from the crude extract of f. proliferatum ecu2002, a novel levo-lactonase was purified to homogeneity, with a purification factor of 460-folds and an overall yield of 9.7%, by ultrafiltration, acetone precipitation, and chromatographic separation throu ...200717530243
occurrence of fumonisins b1 and b2 in broa, typical portuguese maize bread.fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) and fumonisin b(2) (fb(2)) are mycotoxins mainly produced by fusarium verticillioides, and fusarium proliferatum, fungi species most commonly isolated from maize. the natural occurrence of fb(1) and fb(2) in broa, typical portuguese maize bread, was evaluated in 30 samples. twenty five were found positive with levels ranging from 142 to 550 microg kg(-1). the limit established by the european regulations was exceeded by 27% of the samples. the tolerable daily intake for fu ...200717604863
fumonisins production by fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from asparagus crown.the present work deals with the capability for producing fumonisin by fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from asparagus in china. fifty of f. proliferatum strains were randomly selected and incubated on cultures of maize grain and asparagus spear, respectively. fumonisin levels (fb(1) and fb(2)) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms/ms). the results showed that all 50 strains produced fumonisins in m ...200717629787
genetic factors affecting sexual reproduction in toxigenic fusarium species.mycotoxin producing capability greatly varies within species. in theory, the major source of this variability is meiotic recombination. however, a number of important toxigenic species have no known sexual stage and, therefore, the origin of the intraspecific diversity in these fungi is poorly understood. mating in sexually reproducing ascomycetes is controlled by mat genes, but fungi with no known sexual stage also may have fully functional, constitutively transcribed mating type genes. the mat ...200717720271
wheat kernel black point and fumonisin contamination by fusarium proliferatum.fusarium proliferatum is a major cause of maize ear rot and fumonisin contamination and also can cause wheat kernel black point disease. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether nine f. proliferatum strains from wheat from nepal can cause black point and fumonisin contamination in wheat kernels. for comparison, the study included three fusarium strains from us maize. in test 1, all the strains but one produced significant symptoms of kernel black point; two strains decreased ...200717886185
production, partial characterization and mass spectrometric studies of the extracellular laccase activity from fusarium proliferatum.benzyl alcohol and starch-free commercial wheat bran were effective inducers of the laccase activity in cultures of fusarium proliferatum (mucl 31970). initial ph value in the cultures was also an overriding factor for increasing its production. by gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography, the enzyme eluted as an apparently homogeneous peak with a molecular mass of 54 kda, but by isoelectrofocusing, two proteins with pi values of 5.17 and 5.07 were revealed. two different phenoloxid ...200616328443
determination of fumonisins b1 and b2 in portuguese maize and maize-based samples by hplc with fluorescence detection.fumonisins b(1) (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2) are the main members of a family of mycotoxins produced by fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, and other fungi species of the section liseola. the present work shows the results of comparative studies using two different procedures for the analysis of fumonisins in maize and maize-based samples. the studied analytical methods involve extraction with methanol/water, dilution with pbs, and clean-up through immunoaffinity columns. two reagen ...200616465502
fungi recovered from slovakian poultry feed mixtures and their toxinogenity.to contribute towards the knowledge of microbiology of feeds, more than 100 samples of poultry feed mixtures from slovakia were mycologically investigated in terms of the overall fungal diversity and toxicological potential of isolated fungi. the study revealed that out of 22 genera recovered, penicillium was the most frequent and diverse genus, followed by aspergillus and mucor being found in 89 % (34 spp.), 69 % (11 spp.) and 50 % (4 spp.), respectively. the most frequently encountered taxa we ...200617195991
maize (zea mays l.) genetic factors for preventing fumonisin contamination.fusarium moniliforme and fusarium proliferatum are the most frequently isolated fungi from maize (zea mays l.) in spain. both fusarium species produce toxins potentially dangerous for animals and humans, the fumonisins being the most significant of those toxins. white maize is preferred for human consumption, and extra care should be taken to avoid kernel mycotoxin contamination. the objectives of this study were to identify and quantify kernel infection by fusarium spp. and contamination by fum ...200616881725
the homologue of het-c of neurospora crassa lacks vegetative compatibility function in fusarium proliferatum.for two fungal strains to be vegetatively compatible and capable of forming a stable vegetative heterokaryon they must carry matching alleles at a series of loci variously termed het or vic genes. cloned het/vic genes from neurospora crassa and podospora anserina have no obvious functional similarity and have various cellular functions. our objective was to identify the homologue of the neurospora het-c gene in fusarium proliferatum and to determine if this gene has a vegetative compatibility fu ...200617021201
early attack and subsequent changes produced in an industrial lignin by a fungal laccase and a laccase-mediator system: an analytical approach.an industrial kraft pine lignin (indulin at, kl) was characterized and treated in both aqueous-buffered media and dioxane to water, either with a partially purified laccase from fusarium proliferatum or with the laccase plus 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid (abts) as mediator. the changes in the lignin after different incubation periods were analyzed through the application of high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), uv-visible (vis) spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chro ...200617033774
mango malformation disease and the associated fusarium species.abstract mango malformation disease (mmd) occurs in asia, africa, and the americas and was first reported in india in 1891. the vegetative form of mmd was first reproduced in 1966 with fusarium moniliforme and the floral form with isolates of f. moniliforme var. subglutinans from both vegetative shoots and floral tissue. the fungi were subsequently recognized as f. subglutinans. in 2002, a new species, f. mangiferae, was established based on nuclear and mitochondrial dna sequences; it included s ...200618943188
occurrence of mycotoxin in farro samples from southern italy.the occurrence of nine mycotoxins and of contamination by pre- and postharvest fungal pathogens of cereals was investigated in samples of stored triticum monococcum l., triticum dicoccon schrank (emmer), and triticum spelta l. (spelt). in italy, all three species are collectively referred to as farro. the samples examined were harvested in summer 2000 from eight different sites in southern italy. conventional fluorimetric and diode array-based high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analys ...200515726990
natural occurrence of fusarium and subsequent fumonisin contamination in preharvest and stored maize in benin, west africa.the natural occurrence of fusarium and fumonisin contamination was evaluated from 1999 to 2003 in both preharvest and stored maize produced by small-scale farmers in four agroecological zones of benin. mycological analyses revealed a predominance of both fusarium and aspergillus in maize samples compared to other genera. the two fusarium species most commonly isolated from maize were fusarium verticillioides (68%) and fusarium proliferatum (31%). atypical isolates of f. verticillioides with some ...200515734565
functional characterization of two cytochrome p450 monooxygenase genes, p450-1 and p450-4, of the gibberellic acid gene cluster in fusarium proliferatum (gibberella fujikuroi mp-d).gibberella fujikuroi is a species complex with at least nine different biological species, termed mating populations (mps) a to i (mp-a to mp-i), known to produce many different secondary metabolites. so far, gibberellin (ga) production is restricted to fusarium fujikuroi (g. fujikuroi mp-c), although at least five other mps contain all biosynthetic genes. here, we analyze the ga gene cluster and ga pathway in the closest related species, fusarium proliferatum (mp-d), and demonstrate that the ga ...200515746349
fumonisins in foods from cordoba (argentina), presence and genotoxicity.fumonisins b(1), b(2)yb(3) (fb(1), fb(2)yfb(3)), are a group of toxins produced by different mold species, fusarium moniliforme and fusarium proliferatum being the most important ones. its compounds were tested in chromosome aberrations (ca), sister chromatid exchange (sce), and micronucleus (mn) in human lymphocytes, and, in allium cepa (onion), the chromosomal aberrations (ca) assay was used. moreover, the presence of fumonisins and their producer moulds was determined in different food substr ...200515778008
effect of water activity and temperature on growth and the relationship between fumonisin production and the radial growth of fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on corn.the two major fumonisin-producing fusarium species are fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum. the growth and fumonisin production of these two isolates on corn was studied at water activities (a(w)) between 0.860 and 0.975 and at temperatures between 15 and 30 degrees c. growth rates (g, mm/day) were obtained by linear regression during the linear phase of growth. in general, growth rates for both isolates increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increases in a(w) and temperature. bo ...200515895741
association of a specific cationic peroxidase isozyme with maize stress and disease resistance responses, genetic identification, and identification of a cdna coding for the isozyme.the presence of a pi 9.0 cationic peroxidase isozyme from milk stage pericarp of six susceptible and five resistant inbreds was correlated significantly with previously reported field data on percentage infection by aspergillus flavus in the inbreds and their hybrids. the isozyme was constitutively expressed in some additional maize tissues and lines examined, and frequently induced by mechanical damage, heat shock, fusarium proliferatum, and/or bacillus subtilis in other lines tested. native/ie ...200515913312
modeling effects of environment, insect damage, and bt genotypes on fumonisin accumulation in maize in argentina and the philippines.fumonisins are common contaminants of maize (zea mays l.) grain products, especially in countries where maize is a major constituent of the diet and are harmful to human and animal health. there is a need to better define environmental conditions that favor fumonisin accumulation in the grain of maize. the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, and hybrids containing the cry1ab protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were associated with fumonisin accumulation in the grain of maize across cont ...200515983741
comparative pathologic changes in broiler chicks on feed amended with fusarium proliferatum culture material or purified fumonisin b1 and moniliformin.feed amended with autoclaved culture material (cm) of fusarium proliferatum containing fumonisin b1 (fb1) (61-546 ppm), fumonisin b2 (fb2) (14-98 ppm) and moniliformin (66-367 ppm) was given to 228 male chicks in three separate feeding trials. in a fourth feeding trial, purified fb1 (125 and 274 ppm) and moniliformin (27 and 154 ppm) were given separately and in combination (137 and 77 ppm, respectively). chicks that died during the trial periods, survivors and controls were subjected to postmor ...200515983742
two isolates of fusarium proliferatum from different habitats and global locations have similar abilities to degrade lignin.two isolates of fusarium proliferatum from different global locations and habitats mineralized several natural and synthetic lignins. mucl 31970 was isolated from a forest soil whereas the second strain, nrrl 31071, was a wheat endophyte causing disease in stressed seedlings. onset and the fastest rate of lignin mineralization occurred during logarithmic and early stationary-phase of culture. reduction of glucose in the medium shortened log-growth phase and advanced the onset of mineralization f ...200516006073
regio- and stereoselective fungal oxyfunctionalisation of limonenes.selective transformations of limonene by asco- and basidiomycetes were investigated. on the shake flask scale, penicillium citrinum hydrated r-(+)-limonene to a-terpineol [83% regioselectivity (rs), more than 80 mg l(-1) product yield], and gongronella butleri catalysed the terminal oxidation to yield perillyl alcohol (60% rs, 16 mg l(-1)). on the laboratory bioreactor scale, penicillium digitatum produced a peak concentration of 506 mg a-terpineol l(-1) in the fed-batch mode, equivalent to a th ...200516042348
fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins in korean polished rice destined for humans.rice samples collected from the republic of korea were analyzed for fungal mycoflora and mycotoxins: fumonisins, ochratoxin a, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. the potential of the fungi to produce each mycotoxin was also examined, so that the fungal isolates associated with mycotoxins occurring in rice could be verified. penicillium citrinum and aspergillus candidus were the most prevalent species infecting the samples, while fusarium proliferatum was found as the dominant fusarium species. och ...200516099315
onychomycosis caused by fusarium proliferatum.fusarium infections in humans are usually opportunistic, but the fungus sometimes infects healthy persons, causing keratomycosis or onychomycosis. onychomycosis is usually caused by f. solani or f. oxysporum. we report the first two cases of onychomycosis caused by f. proliferatum, and discuss methods of diagnosis and effective treatment. nail samples from the two patients were examined by direct microscopy, cultured, and identified morphologically and genetically as f. proliferatum. both patien ...200516120158
restoration of gibberellin production in fusarium proliferatum by functional complementation of enzymatic blocks.nine biological species, or mating populations (mps), denoted by letters a to i, and at least 29 anamorphic fusarium species have been identified within the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. members of this species complex are the only species of the genus fusarium that contain the gibberellin (ga) biosynthetic gene cluster or at least parts of it. however, the ability of fusaria to produce gas is so far restricted to fusarium fujikuroi, although at least six other mps contain all the genes ...200516204516
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