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scedosporium apiospermum eumycetoma successfully treated with oral voriconazole: report of a case and review of the brazilian reports on scedosporiosis.we describe a case of white-grain eumycetoma caused by scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompetent host that was successfully treated with oral voriconazole, and we review the brazilian reports on scedosporiosis.201423563766
unilateral cacosmia: a presentation of maxillary fungal infestation.we present a case of long-standing unilateral cacosmia in a healthy 67-year-old man due to maxillary fungal infestation. treatment with septoplasty had been attempted 10 years prior but no further investigation or management undertaken and symptoms continued. subsequent mri scan revealed significant opacification of the left maxillary sinus. this was readily amenable to treatment by balloon sinuplasty. this yielded viscous grey mucus which grew scedosporium apiospermum. the case highlights the n ...201323563684
post-tsunami primary scedosporium apiospermum osteomyelitis of the knee in an immunocompetent patient.scedosporium apiospermum is a filamentous fungus present in soil and polluted waters that may cause infection by direct inoculation. osteomyelitis represents a challenge both for diagnosis and treatment. we report a case of post-tsunami primary s. apiospermum osteomyelitis of the knee in an immunocompetent patient.201323523561
refractory scedosporium apiospermum keratitis successfully treated with combination of amphotericin b and voriconazole.aim. to report a case of refractory fungal keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum. methods. interventional case report. results. a 47-year-old malay housewife presented with left eye cornea ulcer as her first presentation of diabetes mellitus. there was no history of ocular trauma, contact lens used, or cornea foreign body. scedosporium apiospermum was isolated from the cornea scrapping. her cornea ulcer initially responded well to topical amphotericin b within 3 days but subsequently wors ...201323509650
dermatic scedosporium apiospermum infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation.infection with scedosporium apiospermum (s. apiospermum) is rare, although it is associated with a high fatality rate, especially in immunosuppressed patients. a 23-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) (m2) who was pretreated with chemotherapy for autologous bone marrow transplantation developed a skin ulcer on the left groin. after a culture study demonstrated the presence of s. apiospermum, voriconazole was administered and the lesion rapidly improved. since a diagnosis of s. api ...201323503412
distribution of the different species of the pseudallescheria boydii/scedosporium apiospermum complex in french patients with cystic fibrosis.as various new sibling species within the pseudallescheria boydii/scedosporium apiospermum complex have been described recently with differences in their susceptibility to antifungals, this study was conducted in order to determine their respective frequency in cystic fibrosis. results indicated that p. boydii largely predominated (62%), followed by s. apiospermum (24%), scedosporium aurantiacum (10%) and pseudallescheria minutispora (4%). scedosporium dehoogii was not recovered in this study. t ...201323461512
cerebral scedosporium apiospermum infection presenting with intestinal manifestations.we present a case of cerebral scedosporium apiospermum infection presenting with intestinal manifestations in a 64-year-old male patient on immunosuppression for orthotopic liver transplantation. at admission, the patient's chief complaint was chronic watery diarrhea and he was found to have colonic ulcers on endoscopy. his hospital course was complicated by a tonic-clonic seizure caused by a left frontal brain abscess, with the causative agent being identified by culture. he was treated with lo ...201323440749
experimental models of disseminated scedosporiosis with cerebral involvement.scedosporium apiospermum is a soil fungus which can cause severe and often fatal cerebral infections in both immunocompetent patients in the event of near drowning and immunosuppressed patients such as lung transplant recipients. because of the low susceptibility of this fungus to antifungal drugs, and the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (bbb), therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to reach an effective tissue concentration with limited side effects. indeed, diffusion of the drug ...201323426955
scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue infection as the initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report. 201323319688
[isolation of scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph: pseudallescheria apiosperma) from an acute myeloid leukemia patient].scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that may lead to life-threatening infections especially in immunosuppressive individuals. in this report, s.apiospermum infection in a 62 year old male patient with acute myeloid leukemia was presented. during remission-induction chemotherapy, piperacillin-tazobactam therapy was started for febrile neutropenia. since fever had continued, treatment was switched to imipenem and also amphotericin b deoxycholate was added to the treatmen ...201323621736
successful prevention of scedosporiosis after lung transplantation in a cystic fibrosis patient by combined local and systemic triazole therapy.a persistent colonization with scedosporium apiospermum (s. apiospermum) often results in disseminated infection with a high mortality rate in immunosuppressed patients. we present the first case of successful prevention of scedosporiosis in an adolescent female cystic fibrosis patient post double lung transplant, with a combination of local and systemic voriconazole therapy and surgical intervention.201324432232
scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses in an immunocompetent man with silicosis.we report a case of scedosporium apiosporum brain abscesses in an immunocompetent 69-year-old man with a history of silicosis. delayed diagnosis and institution of antifungal therapy was associated with neurological impairment, with subsequent complications resulting in death, highlighting the need for early diagnostic aspiration of brain abscesses non-responsive to antibiotics. we propose that, in the absence of identifiable immunosuppression, silicosis may have been a contributing factor to th ...201324432222
management of scedosporium apiospermum in a pre- and post-lung transplant patient with cystic fibrosis.although the predominant type of infection seen in the cystic fibrosis lung remains bacterial, fungal organisms are being isolated more frequently and are associated with a high mortality rate in lung transplant recipients. we present a case of a patient with cf with sputum cultures positive for scedosporium apiospermum prior to a successful lung transplant. she remains without evidence of infection 18 months later following treatment with a combination of triazoles and terbinafine.201324432212
diabetic foot ulcer due to scedosporium apiospermum.we report a case of diabetic foot ulcer caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a seventy year old male patient with uncontrolled diabetes. scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual phase of pseudallescheria boydii a fungus isolated from a variety of natural substrates throughout the world including soil, polluted water, sewage and manure of poultry and cattle. p.boydii is now recognized as a medically important opportunistic fungus. this case has been reported for its rarity.201324392407
white grain mycetoma caused by scedosporium apiospermum in north india: a case report.mycetoma is chronic granulomatous infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by both bacteria and fungi. we report a case of mycetoma caused by scedosporium apiospermum in the right foot of a 45-year-old farmer in north india. the patient had a history of trauma in the sole of the right foot followed by discharge of white granules along with proximal progression. scedosporium apiospermum was identified based on colony characteristics and microscopic features on slide culture. mycetoma is a ...201324356247
[fungal keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum: first report from turkey].fungal keratitis, an eye infection with poor prognosis, is difficult to treat and can lead to loss of vision. among filamentous fungi scedosporium spp. rarely lead to fungal keratitis. here we present a case of keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum. a 61-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of right eye pain and decreased vision after a foreign body trauma to the right eye. the patient was diagnosed as keratitis by biomicroscopic examination. conjunctiv ...201324237443
skin infection caused by scedosporium apiospermum in immunocompromised patients. report of two cases.scedosporium apiospermum is a filamentous fungus that can cause cutaneous or extracutaneous disease. a large number of cases have been published over the last decades, mainly in patients immunocompromised as a result of their disease or treatment. these kinds of infections can progress rapidly and become disseminated, leading to very serious or even fatal complications. we report two new cases of skin infection by scedosporium apiospermum from our hospital.201324139365
treatment of a brain abscess caused by scedosporium apiospermum and phaeoacremonium parasiticum in a renal transplant recipient.cerebral mycosis is a significant cause of morbidity among immunocompromised populations. we present here a case of cerebral infection with scedosporium apiospermum and phaeoacremonium parasiticum in a 49-year-old renal transplant recipient. fourteen years after renal transplantation, the patient presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin b. the patient had clinical and radiographic improvement. however, 6 weeks later, the patient presented wi ...201324050081
an unusual cause of diarrhea in an immunocompromised patient. scedosporium apiospermum colitis and brain abscess. 201323896373
antifungal effects of palmitic acid salt and ultrapure soft water on scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium apiospermum sometimes causes serious infectious diseases on the skin of immunodeficient subjects. antifungal effects of fatty acid salts in soap against s. apiospermum were investigated under different water conditions.201323826728
multilocus sequence typing of scedosporium apiospermum and pseudallescheria boydii isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.scedosporium and pseudallescheria species are the second most common lung-colonising fungi in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. for epidemiological reasons it is important to trace sources of infection, routes of transmission and to determine whether these fungi are transient or permanent colonisers of the respiratory tract. molecular typing methods like multilocus sequence typing (mlst) help provide this data.201323764085
combination antifungal therapy in the treatment of scedosporium apiospermum central nervous system infections.treatment of scedosporium apiospermum central nervous system (cns) infection typically consists of an azole in combination with surgical debridement. this approach requires prolonged treatment and carries a high associated mortality. we present two cases of the successful treatment of s. apiospermum cns infections with the combination of voriconazole and terbinafine.201323738164
clinical utility of a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay for invasive fungal diseases in patients with haematologic disorders.invasive fungal diseases (ifds) are life-threatening events in patients with haematologic disorders, and the spectrum of the aetiological pathogens continues to expand. this study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of a panfungal polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the management of ifds in such patients.201323360173
mycotic keratitis: epidemiology, diagnosis and management.mycotic keratitis (an infection of the cornea) is an important ocular infection, especially in young male outdoor workers. there are two frequent presentations: keratitis due to filamentous fungi (fusarium, aspergillus, phaeohyphomycetes and scedosporium apiospermum are frequent causes) and keratitis due to yeast-like fungi (candida albicans and other candida species). in the former, trauma is usually the sole predisposing factor, although previous use of corticosteroids and contact lens wear ar ...201323398543
critical tests for determination of microbiological quality and biological activity in commercial vermicompost samples of different origins.the aim of the present paper was to show that differences in biological activity among commercially produced vermicompost samples can be found by using a relatively simple test system consisting of microorganism tests on six microbiological media and soilless seedling growth tests with four vegetable crop species. significant differences in biological properties among analyzed samples were evident both at the level of microbial load as well as plant growth-affecting activity. these differences w ...201323504062
scedosporium aurantiacum brain abscess after near-drowning in a survivor of a tsunami in japan.many victims of the tsunami that occurred following the great east japan earthquake on march 11, 2011 developed systemic disorders owing to aspiration pneumonia. herein, we report a case of tsunami lung wherein scedosporium aurantiacum was detected in the respiratory tract. a magnetic resonance image of the patient's head confirmed multiple brain abscesses and lateral right ventricle enlargement. in this case report, we describe a potential refractory multidrug-resistant infection following a ts ...201324238227
erratum to "a rare presentation of concurrent scedosporium apiospermum and madurella grisea eumycetoma in an immunocompetent host". 201323533896
eumycetoma.eumycetoma is caused by different fungi. madurella mycetomatis, madurella grisae, and scedosporium apiospermum are the most common causative agents. this disease is more frequent on the lower extremities but can also be present in other areas. the diagnosis is made by direct microscopic examination and histologic study, which should show hyphae and vesicles characteristic of the fungi. etiologic identification of the species of the fungus is sometimes difficult by culture and biopsy specimen; in ...201322682186
isolation and molecular identification of keratinophilic fungi from public parks soil in shiraz, iran.keratinophilic fungi are an important group of fungi that live in soil. the aim of this study was to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi from the soil of different parks in shiraz.201323956993
intraventricular daptomycin and intravenous linezolid for the treatment of external ventricular-drain-associated ventriculitis due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium.to report the successful treatment of external ventricular-drain (evd)-associated infection due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) with intraventricular daptomycin and intravenous linezolid.201223232018
a rare presentation of concurrent scedosporium apiospermum and madurella grisea eumycetoma in an immunocompetent host.mycetoma is a disfiguring, chronic granulomatous infection which affects the skin and the underlying subcutaneous tissue. we present an atypical case of recurrent mycetoma without ulceration, in a 35-year-old immunocompetent male caused by scedosporium apiospermum sensu stricto and madurella grisea, occurring at two separate anatomical sites.201223133772
disseminated trichosporon mycotoxinivorans, aspergillus fumigatus, and scedosporium apiospermum coinfection after lung and liver transplantation in a cystic fibrosis patient.trichosporon mycotoxinivorans is a novel pathogen recently found in cystic fibrosis patients. we report the first case of a disseminated fatal infection with t. mycotoxinivorans associated with invasive aspergillus fumigatus and scedosporium apiospermum infection after lung and liver transplantation in a cystic fibrosis patient.201223035187
evaluation of multiplexed pcr and liquid-phase array for identification of respiratory fungal pathogens.invasive fungal infections are the cause of serious morbidity and high mortality in immunocompromised patients. early laboratory diagnostic options remain limited; however, rapid detection and accurate identification may improve outcome. herein, multiplexed pcr followed by liquid-phase array was evaluated for detection and identification of common respiratory fungal pathogens, including aspergillus fumigatus, rhizopus microsporus, scedosporium apiospermum and fusarium solani. the limit of detect ...201222435876
Activities of E1210 and Comparator Agents Tested by CLSI and EUCAST Broth Microdilution Methods against Fusarium and Scedosporium Species Identified Using Molecular Methods.Fusarium (n = 67) and Scedosporium (n = 63) clinical isolates were tested by two reference broth microdilution (BMD) methods against a novel broad-spectrum (active against both yeasts and molds) antifungal, E1210, and comparator agents. E1210 inhibits the inositol acylation step in glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis, resulting in defects in fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Five species complex organisms/species of Fusarium (4 isolates unspeciated) and 28 Scedosporium apiospermum, 7 Scedo ...201222083469
mri with magnetic resonance spectroscopy of multiple brain abscesses secondary to scedosporium apiospermum in two immunocompromised patients.scedosporium apiospermum is a deadly fungal infection that can infect the central nervous system, particularly in immunocompromised patients. we present two cases of scedosporium brain abscesses. the first case was fatal and relevant conventional mri and mr spectroscopy findings are discussed. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of mr spectroscopy in scedosporium apiospermum abscesses. in the second case, the patient recovered and conventional mr findings are followed over several ...201223465993
scedosporium apiospermum endophthalmitis: diffusion-weighted imaging in detecting subchoroidal abscess.to describe the imaging appearance of scedosporium apiospermum (s. apiosermum) endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent female who underwent high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the orbits and showed subchoroidal abscess on diffusion-weighted imaging.201223204835
scedosporium apiospermum peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. 201222725716
persistent erythematous plaque after minor trauma in an immunocompromised woman.scedosporium apiospermum is a ubiquitous soil fungus with a worldwide distribution. it can cause a wide range of clinical disease, from cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, to pneumonia, brain abscess, and life threatening systemic illness. the diagnosis of cutaneous disease is with biopsy and culture. we discuss the case of an elderly immunocompromised woman who presented with a persistent erythematous plaque on the elbow after minor trauma. a biopsy revealed scedosporium apiospermum. treatme ...201222559017
scedosporium apiospermum keratomycosis in a dog.a 6-year-old male castrated norfolk terrier dog was examined following a 21-day history of an increasingly painful eye. examination revealed marked blepharospasm and purulent ocular discharge associated with an ulcerative keratitis. there was panstromal corneal opacity with raised gray to white lesions. corneal cytology demonstrated branching septate fungal hyphae identified by polymerase chain reaction as scedosporium apiospermum. treatment with topical 1% voriconazole solution was successful i ...201222432768
scedosporium apiospermum endopthalmitis treated early with intravitreous voriconazole results in recovery of vision.the purpose of this study is to report a case of endogenous endopthalmitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum with a favorable outcome and review previously reported cases, their treatment regimens and outcomes.201222370908
[slow onset septic arthritis by scedosporium apiospermum after periarticular infiltration].fungal arthritis is usually of haematogenous origin, and mainly affects patients with impaired cellular immunity or users of intravenous drugs. the infection in immunocompetent patients is generally caused by direct inoculation of the microorganism through an invasive device. the experience of azole therapy in these patients is limited.201222366127
scedosporium apiospermum catheter-related soft-tissue infection: a case report and review of the literature.we report a case of catheter-related scedosporium apiospermum soft-tissue infection. this ubiquitous filamentous fungus can cause human infection after traumatic subcutaneous implantation of its conidia or their inhalation in near-drowning cases. it has also been reported as an etiological agent in a growing number of hospital-acquired infections.201122142218
Scedosporium apiospermum atrial mycetomas after lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis.A 37-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis underwent double lung transplantation. She developed disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection 2 months after surgery. Along with multiple brain abscesses, lung infection, and chorioretinitis, a cardiac echo revealed 2 large intra-atrial mycetomas floating close to the right upper pulmonary vein orifice. The mycetomas were removed through a trans-atrial approach under cardiopulmonary by pass; histology and cultures confirmed the diagnosis. Despite ...201122093620
effective prolonged therapy with voriconazole in a lung transplant recipient with spondylodiscitis induced by scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium/pseudallescheria species are frequently seen in cystic fibrosis patients. however, disseminated forms after lung transplantation in these patients are rarely seen, but often with poor outcome. in this case report we describe a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis who developed a spondylodiscitis that was caused by scedosporium apiospermum. the patient was treated with anti-fungal treatment by voriconazole for over three years with a clinical good response and without the n ...201122567471
[mycetomas diagnosed in senegal from 2008 to 2010].mycetomas are inflammatory pseudotumours of subcutaneous and possibly osseous soft fabrics, generally polyfistulas with chronic mode of evolution.201124451559
metallopeptidase inhibitors arrest vital biological processes in the fungal pathogen scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging agent of opportunistic mycoses in humans. previously, we showed that mycelia of s. apiospermum secreted metallopeptidases which were directly linked to the destruction of key host proteins. in this study, we analysed the effect of metallopeptidase inhibitors on s. apiospermum development. as germination of inhaled conidia is a crucial event in the infectious process of s. apiospermum, we studied the morphological transformation induced by the incubation of ...201119702620
diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography with [18f]fluorodeoxyglucose for invasive fungal infections.optimal staging and evaluation of residual lesions of invasive fungal infections (ifis) are major challenges in the immunocompromised host. preliminary data have suggested that [¹⁸f]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸f]fdg) uptake may be observed in the course of active invasive fungal infections. the aim of this study was to assess the role of positron emission tomography with [¹⁸f]fdg ([¹⁸f]fdg-pet) in the diagnosis and staging of ifi. a prospective monocentric study evaluating [¹⁸f]fdg-pet in 30 consecut ...201120636432
cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis by scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompromised patient.scedosporium apiospermum is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus that may infect immunocompetent patients after trauma and may cause severe and often fatal infections in immunocompromised hosts. here, we present the case of a 28-year-old female with s. apiospermum infection on the left forearm that had developed while she was on long-term immunosuppressant therapy. analysis of a skin biopsy specimen showed a mixed cell granuloma with hyaline septate hyphae. culture of the abscess revealed s. apiosper ...201119889175
infections caused by fungi of the scedosporium/pseudallescheria complex in veterinary species.fungi belonging to the scedosporium/pseudallescheria complex (spcf) have been known to cause human infections for nearly a century and are important human pathogens, with an increasing frequency of infection in patients with underlying conditions. there appears to be a lower incidence of infections with spcf in veterinary species, although this may be related to a lack of awareness of these diseases. important recent taxonomic changes in this group of fungi include the classification of pseudall ...201120580291
subconjunctival mycetoma caused by scedosporium apiospermum infection in a horse.an 11-year-old american saddlebred gelding was presented for evaluation of a nonpainful subconjunctival mass involving the lateral canthus of the left eye. other findings included a central corneal scar and a small central cataract of the lens in the left eye. fine-needle aspiration of the mass was performed and cytologic examination revealed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional fungal hyphae, consistent with mycetoma. the fungal structures were elongated and characterized by ...201121291482
simultaneous detection and identification of aspergillus and mucorales species in tissues collected from patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.rapid detection and differentiation of aspergillus and mucorales species in fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis are desirable, since the clinical management and prognosis associated with the two taxa are fundamentally different. we describe an assay based on a combination of broad-range pcr amplification and reverse line blot hybridization (pcr/rlb) to detect and differentiate the pathogens causing fungal rhinosinusitis, which include five aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. t ...201121325541
development and validation of a multiplex pcr for detection of scedosporium spp. in respiratory tract specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis.the emergence of scedosporium infections in diverse groups of individuals, which are often treatment refractory, warrants timely and accurate laboratory diagnosis. species- or group-specific primers based on internal transcribed spacer (its) sequence polymorphisms were designed for scedosporium aurantiacum, scedosporium dehoogii, scedosporium prolificans, pseudallescheria boydii species complex (former clade 5)/pseudallescheria apiosperma (formerly classified as s. apiospermum sensu lato) and ps ...201121325557
fatal mycotic aneurysms due to scedosporium and pseudallescheria infection.angioinvasive complications of scedosporium infections are rare. we report two cases of mycotic aneurysm, following apparent localized infection, due to scedosporium apiospermum and pseudallescheria boydii. the thoracoabdominal aorta was affected in one patient, and cerebral vessels were affected in the other. despite voriconazole therapy and surgical resection, the patients died. previously reported cases are reviewed.201121430108
rhizomucor and scedosporium infection post hematopoietic stem-cell transplant.hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing invasive fungal infections. this is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. we report a case of a 17-year-old male patient diagnosed with severe idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia who developed fungal pneumonitis due to rhizomucor sp. and rhinoencephalitis due to scedosporium apiospermum 6 and 8 months after undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant from an hla-matched unrelated donor. discussion ...201121547214
scedosporium infection in a patient with anti-tnfα therapy.patients on anti-tnfα therapy are at increased risk for rare opportunistic infections. here we are reporting a case of scedosporium apiospermum infection in a patient treated with anti-tnf for 5 years. patients on anti-tnfα need close follow-up and clinicians should be suspicious for atypical infections in these immunocompromised hosts.201121572800
clinical differences between invasive pulmonary infection by scedosporium apiospermum and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.invasive pulmonary infection by scedosporium apiospermum (ipsa) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) are clinically similar. our objective was to identify clinical parameters that may differentiate ipsa from ipa. ours was a prospective cohort study that included patients with different degrees of immunosuppression and respiratory isolation of s. apiospermum (sca). episodes of invasive infection were classified according to the eortc and msg criteria. clinical variables corresponding to pa ...201121672039
deep skin infection of scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.infection of scedosporium apiospermum is very rare but is now emerging as an important cause of both localized and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. a 62-year-old woman, who had undergone steroid therapy for refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and had a history of diffuse large b cell lymphoma, developed a deep skin ulcer complicated with lymphangitis. after culture study demonstrated the presence of s. apiospermum, voriconazole (vrcz) was administered and prompt ...201121673473
the importance of a proper aetiological diagnosis in the management of patients with invasive mycoses: a case report of a brain abscess by scedosporium apiospermum.scedosporium apiospermum is a saprobic fungus responsible for many different clinical manifestations. although it affects mostly immunocompromised patients, pulmonary and disseminated scedosporiosis have also been reported in immunocompetent subjects. it often causes subcutaneous mycetoma, despite its preferential tropism to cns. the authors describe a fatal case of a s. apiospermum brain abscess in a 58-year-old female. she was affected by chronic liver disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ...201121678124
management and outcome of microbial anterior scleritis.: to evaluate the prevalence, predisposing factors, and outcomes of bacterial and fungal scleritis.201121694595
[scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection in a single lung transplant recipient.]background: scedosporium spp. are filamentous fungi, and the 2 most important species are scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum. s. apiospermum accounts for approximately 25% of non-aspergi-llus filamentous fungi infections in organ transplant recipients. scedosporium can colonize the sinuses and airways of lung recipients with underlying pulmonary diseases, such as bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis before transplant, and develop invasive disease after lung transplantation. in fa ...201121700235
[a case of lung scedosporiosis successfully treated with monitoring of plasma voriconazole concentration level].a 71-year-old man was referred because of fever and productive cough. his chest radiograph showed a large cavitary mass with an intracavitary mycetoma-like lesion in the left middle lung field. we undertook bronchoscopy and ct-guided biopsy, and both bronchial lavage fluid culture and ct-guided biopsy culture revealed scedosporium apiospermum. on a diagnosis of lung scedosporiosis, he was treated with 200 mg/day voriconazole for 2 months, but his symptoms did not improve. measurement of the plas ...201121688649
a case of cutaneous scedosporium infection in an immunocompromised patient.scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual stage of pseudoallescheria boydii, is a fungus ubiquitous in soil as well as organically polluted areas, where nitrogen-containing compounds are abundant. it is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that can range from cutaneous to disseminated infection and can be fatal within months of diagnosis. here we present a case of disseminated s. apiospermum infection with cutaneous manifestations in a 59-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome, in remission from ...201122032175
Severe prosthetic joint infection in an immunocompetent male patient due to a therapy refractory Pseudallescheria apiosperma.Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are rarely due to fungal agents and if so they are mainly caused by Candida strains. This case represents a PJI caused by a multi-drug resistant Pseudallescheria apiosperma, with poor in vivo response to itraconazole and voriconazole. This case differs also by the way of infection, since the joint infection did not follow a penetrating trauma. In the majority of cases, Scedosporium extremity infections remain local in immunocompetent individuals. We report a per ...201121995659
Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome complicated by Scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient. 201122124953
Post-traumatic Pseudallescheria apiosperma osteomyelitis: positive outcome of a young immunocompetent male patient due to surgical intervention and voriconazole therapy. 201121995662
multiple scedosporium apiospermum abscesses in a woman survivor of a tsunami in northeastern japan: a case report.abstract:201122027347
reverse line blot hybridisation screening of pseudallescheria/scedosporium species in patients with cystic fibrosis.the pcr-rlb (reverse line blot hybridisation) was applied as a molecular technique for the detection of members of pseudallescheria and scedosporium from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). fifty-nine sputum samples were collected from 52 cf patients, which were analysed by culture and pcr-rlb. conventional and semi-selective culture yielded five positive samples, but the pcr-rlb hybridisation assay permitted the detection of members of pseudallescheria/scedosporium in 32 out of 52 pat ...201121995657
phylogeny and immune evasion: a putative correlation for cerebral pseudallescheria/scedosporium infections.representatives of the genus pseudallescheria (anamorph: scedosporium) are saprobes and the aetiologic agent of invasive mycosis in humans. after dissemination, the central nervous system (cns) is one of the most affected organs. prerequisites for the survival of pseudallescheria/scedosporium in the host are the ability to acquire nutrients and to evade the immune attack. the cleavage of complement compounds via the secretion of fungal proteases might meet both challenges since proteolytic degra ...201121995663
scedosporium apiospermum skin infection mimicking tuberous xanthoma. 201121950379
evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi.invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ...201121880976
pseudallescheria boydii lung infection in an immunocompetent adult, difficulties in diagnosis and management.pseudallescheria boydii and its asexual state scedosporium apiospermum is a well known opportunistic pathogen among immunocompromised patients. however it is rare in immunocompetent patients. the optimum management of this infection is still not clear. the new azoles may show better efficacy than amphotericin b and additional surgery may play a pivotal role. we report a case of pseudallescheria boydii lung infection in an immunocompetent patient who had an old tuberculous cavity and presumed inh ...201021510115
successful treatment of scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue abscess with caspofungin and voriconazole in a severely immunocompromised patient with acute myeloid leukemia.we report the case of a 53-year-old female patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia developing a necrotic, soft tissue abscess on the right forearm caused by scedosporium apiospermum during prolonged severe neutropenia (absolute white blood cell count <500/μl for 49 days). in the context of the severely immunocompromised state of the patient and her need for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct), surgical treatment options were not favored. therefore, combined antifunga ...201020604906
cerebral mycosis: 7-year retrospective series in a tertiary center.this study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome of all cases of central nervous system (cns) fungal infections in a tertiary center. medical records of 18 patients of culture-proven cns fungal infections were retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2007, including 12 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and seven from tissue biopsy. patient demographic data included 10 males and eight females. the mean age was 55 years (range: 24-89 years ...201019845862
disseminated pseudallescheriosis in a dog.a case of disseminated pseudallescheriasis in a german shepherd bitch is presented. bones (ilium, a rib and phalanges), joints (elbow and acetabulum) and the surrounding tissues were the principal organs affected. in addition, pseudallescheria boydii was isolated, in lower numbers, from the eye, kidney, lymph nodes draining the affected regions and urine. the dog was euthanized. p. boydii was identified by morphologic characteristics and molecular techniques (beta tubulin sequence). in addition, ...201019886774
lung scedosporiosis in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.a 31-year-old african american woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) (recent cd4 count of 66/mm) presented to the emergency room with a tension pneumothorax that required an emergent chest tube placement. computed tomography scan showed fungus balls in multiple lung cavities and surrounding infiltrates. the patient showed remarkable improvement with voriconazole suggesting aspergillosis. however, the patient was serologically negative for aspergill ...201020220340
[the fungal risk in cystic fibrosis: a pilot study].prevalence of aspergillus fumigatus, as well as other species, and factors associated with risk induced by fungal colonization are poorly defined in cystic fibrosis (cf). we set up a national prospective study to document this risk. as a pilot study, the fungal risk was determined for 21 cf adult patients in a multidisciplinary way: using clinical parameters, notifying treatment, determining fungal presence in sputum and documenting abpa status. 16 (76%) patients presented with fungal presence i ...201020348048
[scedosporium apiospermum brain abscess. report of one case with literature review].scedosporium apiospermum is a fungus found in the soil and in contaminated water and commonly cause cutaneous infections and is a rare cause of central nervous system infection. invasive infection is usually associated with immunosuppresion. the authors present a 73-year-old woman with chronic renal disease who presented with headache for 2 weeks. computerized tomography scans revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in left temporal lobe. an urgent craniotomy was performed and the lesion was totally re ...201020442975
human and animal isolates of pseudallescheria boydii and scedosporium species, from melbourne, australia, 1977-1995.from 1977 to 1995, 25 of the fungal cultures referred to the microbiological diagnostic unit public health laboratory at the university of melbourne, victoria, australia were identified as scedosporium apiospermum, pseudallescheria boydii, or scedosporium prolificans. these cultures had been isolated from 22 patients at metropolitan hospitals and three animals at veterinary institutes. eight of the human isolates were identified as p. boydii, 11 as s. apiospermum and three as s. prolificans. iso ...201020492531
experimental murine scedosporiosis: histopathology and azole treatment.the histopathology of clinical isolates of scedosporium apiospermum, scedosporium boydii, and scedosporium aurantiacum in immunosuppressed mice was evaluated. the organs most affected were the brain, kidneys, and spleen. s. aurantiacum produced more tissue damage than the other two species. amphotericin b (amb) was ineffective in the treatment of murine infections caused by such isolates, and posaconazole and voriconazole showed efficacy that correlated with the in vitro susceptibility data.201020547805
use of intralesional voriconazole for the treatment of cutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection. 201020560740
molecular detection and characterisation of fungal heat shock protein 60.summary heat shock proteins (hsp) are highly conserved molecules, which are both constitutively expressed and up-regulated in response to various stress conditions. in particular, fungal hsp60 can act as immunodominant antigens and facilitate powerful immunological properties. a possible cellular heat shock response was investigated in eight fungi (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, penicillium chrysogenum, cladosporium cladosporioides, scedosporium apiospermum, trichophyton mentagrophy ...201020667000
scedosporium apiospermum infection presenting as a pneumothorax and cavitary lung lesions in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the scedosporium genus consists of filamentous fungi that inhabit soil, sewage, manure, and polluted waters, and contains two medically important species: scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans. scedosporiosis is caused by inhalation or traumatic subcutaneous implantation of the organism, and may have varied clinical presentations. a variety of pulmonary manifestations can occur, but to our knowledge, pneumothorax as initial presentation has not been reported. treatment may be dif ...201020689476
characteristics of pathogenic fungi and antifungal therapy in cystic fibrosis.a defective mucociliary clearance facilitates colonization with bacteria and fungal spores in cystic fibrosis patients. yeasts and molds are cultured from the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract and often their clinical relevance is unknown. candida spp. are the most commonly isolated yeasts, whereas aspergillus spp., scedosporium apiospermum, as well as exophiala dermatitidis in some countries, are the most frequent molds recovered from respiratory specimens. molecular biotyping studies have reve ...201020695750
fungal rhinosinusitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a cat.a 3-year-old neutered male bengal cat with a history of chronic mucopurulent bilateral nasal discharge and sneezing was diagnosed with severe fungal rhinosinusitis. a diagnosis was obtained after computer tomography imaging, histopathological examination and fungal culture. the mold scedosporium apiospermum was identified as the aetiological agent. to our knowledge, this case is the first description of a rhinitis or sinusitis caused by this agent in a cat. aggressive surgical debridement combin ...201020851007
in vitro activity of conventional antifungal agents against scedosporium apiospermum isolates recovered from clinical and environmental samples in nigeria.in vitro susceptibilities of scedosporium apiospermum isolates recovered from clinical and environmental samples in nigeria were tested against ten conventional antifungal agents, namely: amphotericin b, nystatin, flucytosine, itraconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, micafungin, ketoconazole, and terbinafine using the clsi m38-a broth dilution reference method. the isolates showed varied response/sensitivities to the antifungal agents tested. this is probably the first documented t ...201020870592
tlr4 recognizes pseudallescheria boydii conidia and purified rhamnomannans.pseudallescheria boydii (scedosporium apiospermum) is a saprophytic fungus widespread in the environment, and has recently emerged as an agent of localized as well as disseminated infections, particularly mycetoma, in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. we have previously shown that highly purified α-glucan from p. boydii activates macrophages through toll-like receptor tlr2, however, the mechanism of p. boydii recognition by macrophage is largely unknown. in this work, we investigated ...201020959459
pneumothorax and empyema complicating scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma: not just a problem in the immunocompromised patients. 201020963510
thyroid abscess due to scedosporium apiospermum.we report a case of thyroid abscess caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with cirrhosis of liver and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. to date, there are no reports of isolation of this fungus from thyroid abscess.201020966586
keratomycosis due to scedosporium apiospermum. 201020966590
monoclonal antibodies against peptidorhamnomannans of scedosporium apiospermum enhance the pathogenicity of the fungus.scedosporium apiospermum is part of the pseudallescheria-scedosporium complex. peptidorhamnomannans (prms) are cell wall glycopeptides present in some fungi, and their structures have been characterized in s. apiospermum, s. prolificans and sporothrix schenckii. prior work shows that prms can interact with host cells and that the glycopeptides are antigenic. in the present study, three monoclonal antibodies (mabs, igg1) to s. apiospermum derived prm were generated and their effects on s. apiospe ...201020976055
scedosporium cerebral abscesses after extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.scedosporial infections are usually encountered in the immunocompromised patients. however, they are now emerging in the immunocompetent population and have an affinity for the central nervous system. they represent a therapeutic challenge, since they are highly resistant to most antifungal medications.201021059516
chronic airway colonization by scedosporium apiospermum with a fatal outcome in a patient with cystic fibrosis.abnormally viscous bronchial secretions, a characteristic feature of cystic fibrosis (cf), may trap bacteria and fungi, allowing transient or chronic lung colonization. we report here a case of persistent scedosporium apiospermum colonization in a patient with cf, who subsequently developed a lung mycetoma, and died with neurological symptoms suggestive of cerebral fungal involvement. six isolates from consecutive sputum samples were molecularly typed by random amplification of polymorphic dna ( ...201021067322
characteristics and consequences of airway colonization by filamentous fungi in 201 adult patients with cystic fibrosis in france.a total of 657 sputum samples from 201 cystic fibrosis adult patients were collected during a 24-month period (2005-2006). we retrospectively analyzed the fungal colonization of the respiratory tract of these individuals by linking medical records and microbiological data. filamentous fungi were isolated from specimens of 65.6% of the patients, with aspergillus fumigatus being the predominant species recovered as it was found in specimens of 56.7% of the patients. we observed no difference for g ...201021067327
clinical associations and prevalence of scedosporium spp. in australian cystic fibrosis patients: identification of novel risk factors?risk factors for the association of scedosporium in cases of cystic fibrosis (cf) and its clinical implications are poorly understood. clinical, lung function and laboratory data of adult cf patients in sydney (april 2008-march 2009) were prospectively analysed for such risk factors. expectorated sputa were cultured for bacteria and examined for fungi using standard mycological and scedosporium-selective media, and by an internal transcribed spacer region-targeted multiplex pcr assay. scedospori ...201021067328
what can be learned from genotyping of fungi?multiple genotyping studies have been carried out in order to clarify the epidemiology of fungal infections, more specifically to determine the sources, transmission routes, and colonization patterns of fungal isolates. in this review, the results obtained in genotyping investigations of aspergillus isolates are summarized and discussed. furthermore, we examine the epidemiologic studies of candida albicans, exophiala dermatitidis and scedosporium apiospermum infections in patients with cystic fi ...201021067332
lack of standardization in the procedures for mycological examination of sputum samples from cf patients: a possible cause for variations in the prevalence of filamentous fungi.filamentous fungi and yeasts are increasingly isolated from respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), and persistent fungal colonization of the airways of such patients is thought to exacerbate lung damage. while many independent studies have identified aspergillus fumigatus complex as the principal colonizing fungus in cf, increased awareness of the role of fungi in cf pathology coupled with improved mycological culture and identification methods have resulted in a number of ...201021067335
n(α)-methyl coprogen b, a potential marker of the airway colonization by scedosporium apiospermum in patients with cystic fibrosis.scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging pathogen colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). while usually responsible for chronic colonization without clinical signs, this fungus may cause severe and often lethal infections in lung transplant recipients. early diagnosis of its airway colonization and appropriate treatment are required to eradicate the fungus when a lung transplantation is planned. here we propose an alternative to mycological examination of sputum samples base ...201021067336
heterothallism in scedosporium apiospermum and description of its teleomorph pseudallescheria apiosperma sp. nov.scedosporium apiospermum has traditionally been thought of as the anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii (microascaceae, ascomycota), but recent molecular studies has demonstrated that they are different species. since a teleomorph was not observed among isolates recently identified as s. apiospermum, we investigated whether this species could be heterothallic. in this study, 15 isolates of s. apiospermum were paired in all possible combinations, including self-pairings. several combinations produc ...201019418347
comparison of techniques to examine the diversity of fungi in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.this study compares conventional and molecular techniques for the detection of fungi in 77 adult cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. three different methods were investigated, i.e., (1) conventional microbiological culture (including yeasts and filamentous fungi), (2) mycological culture with cf-derived fungal specific culture media, and (3) non-culture and direct dna extraction from patient sputa. fungi isolated from environmental air samples of the cf unit were compared to fungi in sputa from cf pa ...201019672783
an elusive diagnosis: scedosporium apiospermum infection after near-drowning.a 51-year-old male was admitted in our institute following an episode of near-drowning. he later developed ventriculitis and cerebral ring-enhancing lesions. he died following a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a mycotic aneurysm involving the right fetal posterior cerebral artery. scedosporium apiospermum was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. central nervous system invasion by s apiospermum may present insidiously in near-drowning patients and, therefore, requires a high index of ...201021085536
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