Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration. | abstract: arboviruses are transmitted in nature exclusively or to a major extend by arthropods. they belong to the most important viruses invading new areas in the world and their occurrence is strongly influenced by climatic changes due to the life cycle of the transmitting vectors. several arboviruses have emerged in new regions of the world during the last years, like west nile virus (wnv) in the americas, usutu virus (usuv) in central europe, or rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in the arabian ... | 2010 | 20377873 |
| mosquito vectors of west nile virus during an epizootic outbreak in puerto rico. | the purpose of this investigation was to identify the mosquito (diptera: culicidae) vectors of west nile virus (wnv; family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) during an epizootic wnv outbreak in eastern puerto rico in 2007. in june 2006, 12 sentinel chicken pens with five chickens per pen were deployed in six types of habitats: herbaceous wetlands, mangrove forests, deciduous forests, evergreen forests, rural areas, and urban areas. once wnv seroconversion in chickens was detected in june 2007, we ... | 2010 | 21175071 |
| transcellular and paracellular pathways of transepithelial fluid secretion in malpighian (renal) tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | isolated malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito secrete nacl and kcl from the peritubular bath to the tubule lumen via active transport of na(+) and k(+) by principal cells. lumen-positive transepithelial voltages are the result. the counter-ion cl(-) follows passively by electrodiffusion through the paracellular pathway. water follows by osmosis, but specific routes for water across the epithelium are unknown. remarkably, the transepithelial secretion of nacl, kcl and water is driven b ... | 2010 | 20946239 |
| physiological and pharmacological characterizations of the larval anopheles albimanus rectum support a change in protein distribution and/or function in varying salinities. | ion regulation is a biological process crucial to the survival of mosquito larvae and a major organ responsible for this regulation is the rectum. the recta of anopheline larvae are distinct from other subfamilies of mosquitoes in several ways, yet have not yet been characterized extensively. here we characterize the two major cell types of the anopheline rectum, dar and non-dar cells, using histological, physiological, and pharmacological analyses. proton flux was measured at the basal membrane ... | 2010 | 20460167 |
| the association between meteorological variables and the abundance of aedes taeniorhynchus in the florida keys. | the black salt marsh mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, is a serious nuisance pest and a potential vector of a number of arboviruses. this study examined the effect of wind direction, wind speed, temperature, and time of year on the abundance of ae. taeniorhynchus collected in co₂ -baited light traps at 12 sites in the florida keys during 2004. the dependent variable analyzed was the natural log of weekly mosquito abundance. the previous week's wind speed and wind direction, and the current week's ... | 2010 | 21175941 |
| encephalitic alphaviruses. | this review will cover zoonotic, encephalitic alphaviruses in the family togaviridae. encephalitic alphaviruses, i.e. western- (weev), eastern- (eeev), venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) and, more rarely, ross river virus, chikungunya virus and highlands j virus (hjv), are neuroinvasive and may cause neurological symptoms ranging from mild (e.g., febrile illness) to severe (e.g., encephalitis) in humans and equines. among the naturally occurring alphaviruses, weev, eeev and veev have wi ... | 2010 | 19775836 |
| ineffectiveness of mass trapping for mosquito control in st. andrews state park, panama city beach, florida. | abstract. mass trapping with multiple co2- and octenol-supplemented mosquito magnet x traps (mm-x), operated 24 h/day, 7 days/wk, from march through november 2008, at st. andrews state park on northwest florida's gulf coast, did not significantly reduce mosquito numbers compared to nontreated control sites. anopheles crucians, aedes taeniorhynchus, culex salinarius, and culex erraticus were the predominant species. culex coronator was also collected for the first time in the park. failure to red ... | 2010 | 20402350 |
| seasonal effects and fine-scale population dynamics of aedes taeniorhynchus, a major disease vector in the galapagos islands. | characterization of the fine-scale population dynamics of the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus is needed to improve our understanding of its role as a disease vector in the galapagos islands. we used microsatellite data to assess the genetic structure of coastal and highland mosquito populations and patterns of gene flow between the two habitats through time on santa cruz island. in addition, we assessed possible associations of mosquito abundance and genetic diversity with environmental variables. ... | 2010 | 20875066 |
| mosquito vector abundance immediately before and after tropical storms alma and arthur, northern belize, 2008. | to monitor adult mosquito abundance in northern belize before/after the first tropical storm of the wet season to estimate the time required for development/recovery of potential vector populations; determine which species predominate post-storm; and compare the effectiveness of two types of mosquito traps-octenol-baited mosquito magnets® and u.s. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light traps (with/without octenol). | 2010 | 20857016 |
| aerial ultra-low-volume application of naled: impact on nontarget imperiled butterfly larvae (cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) and efficacy against adult mosquitoes (aedes taeniorhynchus). | we assessed the exposure and acute toxicity of naled, applied aerially as an ultra-low-volume spray for mosquito control, on late instar larvae of the miami blue (cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) (comstock and huntington 1943) (lepidoptera: lycaenidae), an imperiled south florida butterfly. we concurrently evaluated the control efficacy against caged adult female salt-marsh mosquitoes (aedes taeniorhynchus) (wiedemann 1821) (diptera: culicidae). this 3-yr study was conducted in north key largo ( ... | 2010 | 22182563 |
| larval environmental temperature and the susceptibility of aedes albopictus skuse (diptera: culicidae) to chikungunya virus. | a key feature in the recent widespread epidemic of the mosquito-borne alphavirus chikungunya virus (chikv) was the important role of aedes albopictus, formerly regarded as a secondary vector, compared to the presumed primary vector aedes aegypti. ae. albopictus, a container-inhabiting mosquito, is an invasive species that occurs over a wide geographic range spanning tropical and temperate latitudes. in this study we examine the effects of a broad range of larval rearing temperatures on chikv inf ... | 2010 | 19725768 |
| present and future arboviral threats. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human disease nearly worldwide. all arboviruses circulate among wild animals, and many cause disease after spillover transmission to humans and agriculturally important domestic animals that are incidental or dead-end hosts. viruses such as dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers. many arboviruses recently have increased i ... | 2010 | 19857523 |
| ecological correlates of microfilariae prevalence in endangered galápagos birds. | this study assesses the ecological factors associated with microfilariae prevalence in wild populations of endangered flightless cormorants (phalacrocorax harrisi) and galápagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus). prevalence values were tested for correlation with a large number of environmental variables, as modeled from weather station data and measured by satellite-borne sensors. predictions were made based on the expected effects of climatic and landscape variables on sustained populations of ... | 2010 | 19954259 |
| blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes: random or structured? | abstract: | 2010 | 20205866 |
| suppressing aedes albopictus, an emerging vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses, by a novel combination of a monomolecular film and an insect-growth regulator. | the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse) is rapidly increasing its global range and importance in transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses. we tested pellet formulations of a monomolecular film (agnique) and (s)-methoprene (altosid) under laboratory and field conditions. in the laboratory, agnique provided 80% control for 20 days, whereas altosid, in combination with agnique, provided 80% control for > 60 days. during field trials, the 1:1 pellet ratio of combined products provide ... | 2010 | 20439963 |
| vector competence of culex (melanoconion) taeniopus for equine-virulent subtype ie strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | the mosquito culex (melanoconion) taeniopus is a proven vector of enzootic venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) subtype ie in central america. it has been shown to be highly susceptible to infection by this subtype, and conversely to be highly refractory to infection by other veev subtypes. during the 1990s in southern coastal mexico, two vee epizootics in horses were attributed to subtype ie veev. these outbreaks were associated with veev strains with an altered infection phenotype for t ... | 2010 | 20519599 |
| biting midges of the genus culicoides in south carolina zoos. | biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were collected during the summer of 2007 at the greenville and riverbanks zoos in south carolina with centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) traps equipped with ultraviolet or incandescent lights and baited with carbon dioxide. sixteen species of culicoides were collected, four of which represented more than 80%. they were culicoides guttipennis (coquillett), culicoides mulrenanni beck, culicoides obsoletus (meigen), and ... | 2010 | 20569132 |
| incrimination of the mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, as the primary vector of heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, in coastal yucatan, mexico. | mosquito collections were carried out on microfilaraemic dogs, positive for dirofilaria sp., for 18 consecutive nights in the coastal town of celestún, yucatan, southeast mexico, during the rainy season (august) of 2007. a total of 292 female mosquitoes representing 12 species of dipteran culicidae were collected: anopheles albimanus (wiedemann); anopheles crucians (wiedemann); anopheles pseudopunctipennis (theobald); culex coronator (dyar & knab); culex interrogator (dyar & knab); culex nigripa ... | 2010 | 20572932 |
| pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti from grand cayman. | the grand cayman population of aedes aegypti is highly resistant to ddt and pyrethroid insecticides. glutathione transferase, cytochrome p450, and esterase levels were increased in the grand cayman population relative to a susceptible laboratory strain, but synergist studies did not implicate elevated insecticide detoxification as a major cause of resistance. the role of target site resistance was therefore investigated. two substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel were identified, v101 ... | 2010 | 20682868 |
| vector-host interactions governing epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california. | southern california remains an important focus of west nile virus (wnv) activity, with persistently elevated incidence after invasion by the virus in 2003 and subsequent amplification to epidemic levels in 2004. eco-epidemiological studies of vectors-hosts-pathogen interactions are of paramount importance for better understanding of the transmission dynamics of wnv and other emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses. we investigated vector-host interactions and host-feeding patterns of 531 blood-engor ... | 2010 | 21118934 |
| host-seeking activity and avian host preferences of mosquitoes associated with west nile virus transmission in the northeastern u.s.a. | mosquito host-seeking activity was studied using a custom-designed trap to explore: (1) at which time interval of the night adult mosquito abatement would be most effective, and (2) if there exists an avian-specific host-seeking preference. overnight trials using traps baited with dry ice showed that aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) was most active at dusk and was then captured throughout the night. in contrast, culex spp. (cx. pipiens (linnaeus) and cx. restuans (theobald) delayed most activity ... | 2010 | 20618650 |
| genetic variability and heterogeneity of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vector ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) populations of the colombian atlantic coast, based on microsatellite loci. | in colombia, the mosquito ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus has been identified as an efficient vector of the epidemic-epizootic venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. we evaluated the genetic variability and heterogeneity of this mosquito in colombian populations using eight microsatellite dna loci. two hundred and ten mosquito specimens collected from seven populations of the colombian atlantic coast (san bernardo del viento, coveñas, cartagena, barranquilla, ciénaga, dibulla, and riohacha) were anal ... | 2009 | 19866436 |
| evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the galapagos islands. | wildlife on isolated oceanic islands is highly susceptible to the introduction of pathogens. the recent establishment in the galápagos islands of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, a vector for diseases such as avian malaria and west nile fever, is considered a serious risk factor for the archipelago's endemic fauna. here we present evidence from the monitoring of aeroplanes and genetic analysis that c. quinquefasciatus is regularly introduced via aircraft into the galápagos archipelago. genet ... | 2009 | 19675009 |
| evolution of dna ligases of nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses of eukaryotes: a case of hidden complexity. | eukaryotic nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses (ncldv) encode most if not all of the enzymes involved in their dna replication. it has been inferred that genes for these enzymes were already present in the last common ancestor of the ncldv. however, the details of the evolution of these genes that bear on the complexity of the putative ancestral ncldv and on the evolutionary relationships between viruses and their hosts are not well understood. | 2009 | 20021668 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis in panama: fatal endemic disease and genetic diversity of etiologic viral strains. | venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) is a reemerging, mosquito-borne viral disease of the neotropics that is severely debilitating and sometimes fatal to humans. periodic epidemics mediated by equine amplification have been recognized since the 1920s, but interepidemic disease is rarely recognized. we report here clinical findings and genetic characterization of 42 cases of endemic vee detected in panama from 1961-2004. recent clusters of cases occurred in darien (eastern panama) and panama prov ... | 2009 | 19564908 |
| geostatistical evaluation of integrated marsh management impact on mosquito vectors using before-after-control-impact (baci) design. | in many parts of the world, salt marshes play a key ecological role as the interface between the marine and the terrestrial environments. salt marshes are also exceedingly important for public health as larval habitat for mosquitoes that are vectors of disease and significant biting pests. although grid ditching and pesticides have been effective in salt marsh mosquito control, marsh degradation and other environmental considerations compel a different approach. targeted habitat modification and ... | 2009 | 19549297 |
| isoenzyme polymorphism and genetic structure of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) in populations from the colombian atlantic coast. | 2009 | 19452273 | |
| seasonal variation of potential flavivirus vectors in an urban biological reserve in northeastern brazil. | although yellow fever (yf) has not been reported on the eastern coast of brazil since 1942, there was a reemergence of dengue fever in brazil in 1987 due to the reintroduction of aedes aegypti (l.). to assess areas of potential risk for transmission of vector-borne diseases, a surveillance system was placed in a large atlantic forest reserve in natal, rio grande do norte, brazil, where in 2004 unexplained epizootics were reported among marmosets. the etiologic agent causing the mortality in marm ... | 2009 | 19960696 |
| identification of two mosquitocidal bacillus cereus strains showing different host ranges. | mosquitocidal bacteria, m413 and c32 have been isolated from sediment samples collected from woodland and ditch, respectively. gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids methyl esters (gc-fame) and 16s rrna gene sequence alignment results showed these isolates belong to bacillus cereus. the sds-page analysis of sporulated cultures of both isolates showed two major bands very similar in size. interestingly, however, m413 is mainly toxic to 4th instars of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus whereas c32 i ... | 2009 | 18854193 |
| detection of rna from a novel west nile-like virus and high prevalence of an insect-specific flavivirus in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | as part of our ongoing surveillance efforts for west nile virus (wnv) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico, 96,687 mosquitoes collected from january through december 2007 were assayed by virus isolation in mammalian cells. three mosquito pools caused cytopathic effect. two isolates were orthobunyaviruses (cache valley virus and kairi virus) and the identity of the third infectious agent was not determined. a subset of mosquitoes was also tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (r ... | 2009 | 19141845 |
| natural colonization and adaptation of a mosquito species in galapagos and its implications for disease threats to endemic wildlife. | emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have been recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity. endemic species on isolated oceanic islands, such as the galápagos, are particularly at risk in the face of introduced pathogens and disease vectors. the black salt-marsh mosquito (aedes taeniorhynchus) is the only mosquito widely distributed across the galápagos archipelago. here we show that this mosquito naturally colonized the galápagos before the arrival of man, and since then it has evol ... | 2009 | 19502421 |
| microsatellite markers characterized in the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus (diptera, culicidae), a disease vector and major pest on the american coast and the galápagos islands. | the black salt-marsh mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, plays an important role in the transmission of arboviruses such as west nile virus and other pathogens of concern for human and animal health in north and latin america. this mosquito is notably the only widely distributed mosquito species found in the galápagos islands, where its impact as disease vector has not yet been studied. the use of microsatellite markers can significantly improve our understanding of the population structure and dyna ... | 2009 | 19655436 |
| epistatic roles of e2 glycoprotein mutations in adaption of chikungunya virus to aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti mosquitoes. | between 2005 and 2007 chikungunya virus (chikv) caused its largest outbreak/epidemic in documented history. an unusual feature of this epidemic is the involvement of ae. albopictus as a principal vector. previously we have demonstrated that a single mutation e1-a226v significantly changed the ability of the virus to infect and be transmitted by this vector when expressed in the background of well characterized chikv strains lr2006 opy1 and 37997. however, in the current study we demonstrate that ... | 2009 | 19718263 |
| poxvirus protein evolution: family wide assessment of possible horizontal gene transfer events. | to investigate the evolutionary origins of proteins encoded by the poxviridae family of viruses, we examined all poxvirus protein coding genes using a method of characterizing and visualizing the similarity between these proteins and taxonomic subsets of proteins in genbank. our analysis divides poxvirus proteins into categories based on their relative degree of similarity to two different taxonomic subsets of proteins such as all eukaryote vs. all virus (except poxvirus) proteins. as an example ... | 2009 | 19464330 |
| personal protection afforded by controlled-release topical repellents and permethrin-treated clothing against natural populations of aedes taeniorhynchus. | field tests evaluated repellent formulations containing deet in combination with permethrin-impregnated or untreated military uniforms against aedes taeniorhynchus. no significant difference was determined between repellents in duration of protection whether or not permethrin-treated clothing was worn, but there were differences in efficacy relative to site of application. the head was the site of shorter duration of protection regardless of repellent tested. on repellent-treated skin, 12-30% of ... | 2009 | 2708993 |
| detection of novel sequences related to african swine fever virus in human serum and sewage. | the family asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, african swine fever virus (asfv). asfv is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. we report here the discovery of novel viral sequences in human serum and sewage which are clearly related to the asfarvirus family but highly divergent from asfv. detection of these sequences suggests that greater genetic ... | 2009 | 19812170 |
| seasonal and diel patterns of biting midges (ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (culicidae) on the parris island marine corps recruit depot. | the marine corps recruit depot on parris island, sc, is surrounded by tidal salt marshes, which are breeding habitats for many pestiferous biting flies. knowledge of biting fly behavior patterns is needed to develop effective pest management strategies in urban areas adjacent to salt marshes. we measured biting midge (ceratopogonidae) and mosquito (culicidae) seasonal abundance and diel activity patterns on parris island using co(2)-baited suction traps from november 2001 - november 2004. of the ... | 2009 | 20836813 |
| [predatory capacity of gambusia puncticulata poey, 1855 (cyprinodontiformes: poeciliidae) on larvae of aedes taeniorhynchus wiedeman, 1821 (diptera: culicidae) in natural conditions]. | 2009 | 3072607 | |
| evaluation of temephos formulations against aedes taeniorhynchus larvae. | four commercially available temephos formulations (abate 4e, clarke 1% skeeter abate [1% sa], abate 2-bg, and abate 5-bg) were evaluated against 3rd instars of aedes taeniorhynchus in laboratory beaker tests and small field test plots. abate 4e liquid formulation was effective in both the laboratory and plot tests. 1% sa and abate 5-bg were more effective in the small field test plots than abate 2-bg. | 2009 | 19653508 |
| arbovirus transmission by culex nigripalpus in florida, 2005. | understanding the transmission patterns of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv and slev) could result in an increased ability to predict transmission risk to humans. to examine transmission patterns between vector and host, we trapped mosquitoes in three florida counties from june to november 2005 by using chicken-baited lard can mosquito traps. these traps were used to monitor for presence of wnv and slev in mosquitoes and subsequent transmis ... | 2008 | 18533444 |
| phylogenetic evidence for extensive lateral acquisition of cellular genes by nucleocytoplasmic large dna viruses. | nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses (ncldv), a diverse group that infects a wide range of eukaryotic hosts, exhibit a large heterogeneity in genome size (between 100 kb and 1.2 mb) but have been suggested to form a monophyletic group on the basis of a small subset of approximately 30 conserved genes. ncldv were proposed to have evolved by simplification from cellular organism although some of the giant ncldv have clearly grown by gene accretion from a bacterial origin. | 2008 | 19036122 |
| potential for north american mosquitoes to transmit rift valley fever virus. | the rapid spread of west nile viral activity across north america since its discovery in 1999 illustrates the potential for an exotic arbovirus to be introduced and widely established across north america. rift valley fever virus (rvfv) has been responsible for large outbreaks in africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. however, little is known about the potential for north american mo ... | 2008 | 19181056 |
| field evaluation of boric acid- and fipronil-based bait stations against adult mosquitoes. | the effectiveness of boric acid (1%) and fipronil (0.1%) bait stations in reducing the number of laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus mosquitoes released in outdoor screened cages was evaluated. both toxicants significantly reduced landing rates of the 2 mosquito species on a human subject. however, no significant reduction in the number of adult mosquitoes caught by counterflow geometry (cfg) traps baited with co2 was observed in the boric acid- and fipronil-tr ... | 2008 | 18939695 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the mosquito vector aedes taeniorhynchus: infection initiated by a small number of susceptible epithelial cells and a population bottleneck. | we evaluated infection of aedes taeniorhynchus mosquitoes, vectors of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), using radiolabeled virus and replicon particles expressing green (gfp) or cherry fluorescent protein (cfp). more epidemic veev bound to and infected mosquito midguts compared to an enzootic strain, and a small number of midgut cells was preferentially infected. chimeric replicons infected midgut cells at rates comparable to those of the structural gene donor. the numbers of midgut c ... | 2008 | 18023837 |
| experimental infection of aedes sollicitans and aedes taeniorhynchus with two chimeric sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates. | two chimeric vaccine candidates for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) were developed by inserting the structural protein genes of either a north american (na) or south american (sa) eeev into a sindbis virus (sinv) backbone. to assess the effect of chimerization on mosquito infectivity, experimental infections of two potential north american bridge vectors of eeev, aedes sollicitans and ae. taeniorhynchus, were attempted. both species were susceptible to oral infection with all viruses af ... | 2008 | 18187790 |
| ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus: a probable vector of dirofilaria immitis in coastal areas of yucatan, mexico. | mosquito collections were done on microfilaremic dogs, positive for dirofilaria immitis (leidy), for 15 consecutive nights in celestun, yucatan, southeastern mexico, during january 2007. in total, 275 mosquitoes (3 male and 272 female) of five species were collected: ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (wiedemann), ochlerotatus sollicitans (walker), culex quinquefasciatus say, culex interrogator (dyar & knab), and aedes aegypti (l.). oc. taeniorhynchus was the species most frequently collected, and it h ... | 2008 | 18283960 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| density-dependent competitive suppression of sylvatic dengue virus by endemic dengue virus in cultured mosquito cells. | mosquito-borne dengue viruses are maintained in two discrete transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between nonhuman primates and sylvatic aedes mosquitoes, and an endemic cycle between humans and peridomestic aedes (primarily ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus). most sylvatic strains are genetically distinct from endemic strains, and human infections with sylvatic strains have been detected only rarely. interestingly, sylvatic strains replicate as well as endemic strains in ae. aegypti and experimen ... | 2008 | 18620509 |
| canine vector-borne diseases in brazil. | abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ... | 2008 | 18691408 |
| seasonal profiles of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats in an urban area of costa rica with a history of mosquito control. | dengue is the most important arboviral disease worldwide and the principal vector-borne disease in costa rica. control of aedes aegypti populations through source reduction is still considered the most effective way of prevention and control, although it has proven ineffective or unsustainable in many areas with a history of mosquito control. in this study, seasonal profiles and productivity of aedes aegypti were analyzed in the city of puntarenas, costa rica, where vector control has been pract ... | 2008 | 18697310 |
| genetic diversity and purifying selection in west nile virus populations are maintained during host switching. | to investigate differential evolutionary rates and selective forces of wnv in hosts and vectors, we measured the genetic diversity that arose during alternating passage in mosquitoes and birds. within-host genetic diversity was monitored in each of three experimentally passed replicates, and the complete genome sequence of each wnv strain was determined after passage. the intrahost genetic diversity that arose during alternating passage was significantly greater than the diversity generated duri ... | 2008 | 18395240 |
| protection of hamsters by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus candidate vaccine v3526 against lethal challenge by mosquito bite and intraperitoneal injection. | in an attempt to improve the current live, attenuated vaccine (tc-83) for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), specific mutations associated with attenuation of veev in rodent models were inserted into a full-length cdna clone of the trinidad donkey strain of veev by site-directed mutagenesis. because some viruses have been reported to be more pathogenic when introduced by mosquito bite than the same virus introduced by needle inoculation, there were concerns that the presence of mosquit ... | 2008 | 18256440 |
| infection and dissemination of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the epidemic mosquito vector, aedes taeniorhynchus. | the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus is an important epidemic vector of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), but detailed studies of its infection are lacking. we compared infection by an epidemic veev strain to that by an enzootic strain using virus titrations, immunohistochemistry, and a virus expressing the green fluorescent protein. ae. taeniorhynchus was more susceptible to the epidemic strain, which initially infected the posterior midgut and occasionally the anterior midgut and cardi ... | 2007 | 17620651 |
| reduced infection in mosquitoes exposed to blood meals containing previously frozen flaviviruses. | the increased difficulty and expense of using live animals for delivering infectious blood meals in arthropod-borne virus vector competence experiments has resulted in an increase in the use of artificial feeding systems. compared to live hosts, artificial systems require higher viral titers to attain mosquito infection, thereby limiting the utility of such systems with low or moderate titer virus stocks. based on the report that freshly propagated virus is more infectious than previously frozen ... | 2007 | 17686541 |
| malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study. | biological control methods are once again being given much research focus for malaria vector control. this is largely due to the emerging threat of strong resistance to pesticides. larvivorous fish have been used for over 100 years in mosquito control and many species have proved effective. in the western kenyan highlands the larvivorous fish oreochromis niloticus l. (perciformes: cichlidae) (formerly tilapia nilotica) is commonly farmed and eaten but has not been previously tested in the field ... | 2007 | 17688686 |
| effect of discriminative plant-sugar feeding on the survival and fecundity of anopheles gambiae. | a previous study showed for anopheles gambiae s.s. a gradation of feeding preference on common plant species growing in a malaria holoendemic area in western kenya. the present follow-up study determines whether there is a relationship between the mosquito's preferences and its survival and fecundity. | 2007 | 17711580 |
| drosophila melanogaster methoprene-tolerant (met) gene homologs from three mosquito species: members of pas transcriptional factor family. | the methoprene-tolerant (met) gene in drosophila melanogaster has been shown to function in juvenile hormone (jh) action. met homologs were isolated from three mosquito species, culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. sequence similarity was found to be high in bhlh and pas conserved domains, and the majority of the 7-9 introns in aamet and agmet are located in either identical or similar positions, indicating evolutionary relatedness. sequence comparison with met and the similar ger ... | 2007 | 17166512 |
| experimental cutaneous bacillus anthracis infections in hairless hrs/j mice. | previous studies of experimental bacillus anthracis cutaneous infections in mice have implicated hair follicles as a likely entry site. hairless hrs/j mice were used to investigate this possibility because of their non-functional hair follicles that lack penetrating hair shafts. these mice also have diminished macrophage function, increased susceptibility to listeria, and enhanced neutrophil responses. hrs/j and balb/c mice were found to be resistant to epicutaneous inoculation with bacillus ant ... | 2007 | 17244341 |
| dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | to be transmitted by its mosquito vector, dengue virus (denv) must infect midgut epithelial cells, replicate and disseminate into the hemocoel, and finally infect the salivary glands, which is essential for transmission. the extrinsic incubation period (eip) is very relevant epidemiologically and is the time required from the ingestion of virus until it can be transmitted to the next vertebrate host. the eip is conditioned by the kinetics and tropisms of virus replication in its vector. here we ... | 2007 | 17263893 |
| distinct roles of broad isoforms in regulation of the 20-hydroxyecdysone effector gene, vitellogenin, in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | we investigated the role of the mosquito broad (br) gene in regulating the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) effector vitellogenin (vg) gene. injection of double-stranded rna corresponding to the br isoform z2 led to a significant decrease in expression of the vg gene at 8 and 24h post-blood meal. knockdown of z1 or z4 resulted in enhanced vg expression beyond its normal expression time. in vitro studies suggested that the effects of br require its direct binding to the vg promoter, as well as protein-pr ... | 2007 | 17303321 |
| characterization of a juvenile hormone-regulated chymotrypsin-like serine protease gene in aedes aegypti mosquito. | after female mosquitoes ingest blood from vertebrate hosts, exopeptidases and endopeptidases are required for digesting blood proteins in the midgut into amino acids, which female mosquitoes use to build yolk proteins. these proteases are not always present in the midgut, and their diverse expression patterns suggest that production of these enzymes is highly regulated in order to meet specific physiological demands at various stages. here we report identification of a serine-type protease, jha1 ... | 2007 | 18207080 |
| efficacy studies of aquaprene (1.8% and 2.8% ai) sand granules and altosid xr-g (1.5% ai) sand granules against first and second instars of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus as a preflood treatment in small field plots. | an efficacy study was conducted to evaluate sand granule formulations of aquaprene (1.8% and 2.8% active ingredient [ai]) and altosid xr-g (1.5% ai) as a preflood application against ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus larvae in small field test plots. aquaprene sand granules (2.8% al) were applied at 2.5 and 5 lb/acre and the 1.8% ai formulation at 4.2 lb/acre. the 1.8% ai formulation was compared with altosid xr-g sand granules (1.5% ai) applied at 5 lb/acre. plots were flooded after 7 days, and 1st a ... | 2007 | 17847853 |
| field tests of malathion and permethrin applied via a truck-mounted cold fogger to both open and vegetated habitats. | field tests of formulated permethrin (permanone 30:30) and malathion applied by ground ultra-low volume equipment were conducted using caged, laboratory-reared, adult ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. cages were placed in an open field and also in semi-dense scrub pine. two doses, a high and a medium dose of each compound, were applied as suggested by the label. regardless of application rate, neither chemical provided satisfactory control under the canopy. the average mortality count at the open sit ... | 2007 | 17536368 |
| semiochemicals, traps/targets and mass trapping technology for mosquito management. | technologies which utilize semiochemicals, traps/targets and mass trapping are relatively new for management of adult mosquito populations. to date most of the emphasis has been on developing barriers of attractant-baited and insecticide-impregnated targets. the most successful continuous use of this type of technology has been at stevens' landing, collier county, fl. recently, commercially available traps have been evaluated for their ability to reduce nuisance populations of mosquitoes. use of ... | 2007 | 17853609 |
| influence of fluctuating salinity on insecticide tolerance of two euryhaline arthropods. | among many other abiotic variations in an estuarine ecosystem, osmotic stress is an inescapable part of life. organisms living in such environments must cope with changing osmotic conditions by either behavioral or physiological adaptations. pollutants may increase the physiological stresses that an osmoregulating animal may encounter. we have developed a flow-through system that exposes test species to insecticides and continuously changing salinity conditions. this system has provided an insig ... | 2006 | 16813307 |
| interisland dispersal of the black salt marsh mosquito, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) in the florida keys. | mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine whether ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, black salt marsh mosquitoes, were dispersing from uninhabited islands in the key deer national wildlife refuge to inhabited islands within monroe county, florida. an estimated 1,658,000 mosquitoes were marked during 2001, and an estimated 300,000 mosquitoes were marked during 2002. recapture rates were 0.0061% and 0.0117%, respectively. oc. taeniorhynchus disperse from uninhabited ... | 2006 | 17304926 |
| traps and trapping techniques for adult mosquito control. | an overview is presented of the recent advancements in research activities conducted to evaluate mosquito traps, insecticide-impregnated targets baited with combinations of attractants, and strategies for using mass trapping techniques for adult mosquito population management. technologies that use semiochemicals (attractants), traps and targets, and mass trapping are relatively new for management of adult mosquito populations. to date, emphasis has been placed primarily on developing barriers o ... | 2006 | 17067051 |
| the effect of pesticide residue on caged mosquito bioassays. | wind tunnel experiments showed that secondary pickup of insecticide residue by mosquitoes in cage bioassays had a significant effect on mortality. cage bioassays using adult ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) investigated the effect of exposure time to a contaminated surface. cages were dosed in a wind tunnel using the lc50 for naled (0.124 mg a.i./ml) and an lc25 (0.0772 mg a.i./ml) for naled. half of the bioassay mosquitoes were moved directly into clean cages with the other half remainin ... | 2006 | 17067048 |
| efficacy studies of aquaprene (emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder) insect growth regulator formulations against third- and fourth-stage larvae of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus in small-plot field studies. | efficacy studies were conducted with aquaprene emulsifiable concentrate (ec) (33.6% active ingredient [ai]) and wettable powder (wp) (40% ai) (s)-methoprene insect growth regulator formulations against larval ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus in small field test plots. aquaprene ec was applied at 7.18 and 9.57 g/acre. approximately one thousand 4th-stage larvae were added to each plot before treatment, and 24 h later pupae were collected to determine emergence inhibition. at both applications rates, a ... | 2006 | 16646333 |
| the evolution of viral emergence. | 2006 | 16567658 | |
| serologic evidence of widespread everglades virus activity in dogs, florida. | everglades virus (evev), an alphavirus in the venezuelan equine encephalitis complex, circulates among rodents and vector mosquitoes in florida and occasionally infects humans. it causes febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by neurologic manifestations. although previous surveys showed high seroprevalence in humans, evev infections may be underdiagnosed because the disease is not severe enough to warrant a clinic visit or the undifferentiated presentations complicate diagnosis. documented evev ... | 2006 | 17326938 |
| genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus). | iridoviruses (ivs) are classified into five genera: iridovirus and chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and ranavirus, lymphocystivirus, and megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. until now, chloriridovirus was the only iv genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (iiv-3), also known as mosquito iridescent viru ... | 2006 | 16912294 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus transmission and effect on pathogenesis. | quantifying the dose of an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes is essential for designing pathogenesis studies simulating natural infection of vertebrates. titration of saliva collected in vitro from infected mosquitoes may not accurately estimate titers transmitted during blood feeding, and infection by needle injection may affect vertebrate pathogenesis. we compared the amount of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus collected from the saliva of aedes taeniorhynchus to the amount injected into ... | 2006 | 16965696 |
| application of boric acid baits to plant foliage for adult mosquito control. | boric acid (1%) in 5% sugar water bait solution was applied as a spray to the foliage, stems, and other surfaces of plants for control of adult aedes albopictus, culex nigripalpus, and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. initial studies outdoors in small (1.42-m3) screened cages showed that exposure of male and female mosquitoes to 1% boric acid bait for 48 h resulted in 80 to 100% mortality in ae. albopictus and > or = 98% mortality in cx. nigripalpus and oc. taeniorhynchus. at 48 h posttreatment, in ... | 2006 | 17067052 |
| targeted trapping of mosquito vectors in the chesapeake bay area of maryland. | most adult mosquito surveillance in maryland is performed using dry ice-baited or unbaited centers for disease control (cdc) miniature light traps suspended approximately 1.5 m above the ground. however, standardized trapping methods may miss mosquito species involved in disease transmission cycles. during a 2-yr study, the effectiveness of the olfactory attractant 1-octen-3-ol alone and in combination with carbon dioxide was evaluated for collecting mosquito vector species. in addition, trap he ... | 2006 | 16619593 |
| efficient functional pseudotyping of oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus envelope proteins. | murine oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses pseudotyped with envelope proteins of alphaviruses have shown great potential in providing broad-host-range, stable vectors for gene therapy. unlike vesicular stomatitis virus g protein-pseudotyped vectors, they are not neutralized by complement and do not appear to cause significant tissue damage. here we report the production of murine oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the envelope proteins of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (v ... | 2005 | 15613303 |
| susceptibility of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and culex nigripalpus for eeverglades virus. | everglades virus (evev), an alphavirus in the venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) complex, is a mosquito-borne human pathogen endemic to south florida. field isolations of evev from culex (melanoconion) cedecei and laboratory susceptibility experiments established this species as its primary vector. however, isolates of evev from ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and culex nigripalpus, more abundant and widespread species in south florida, suggested that they also transmit evev and could infect many ... | 2005 | 16014824 |
| evaluation of methods to assess transmission potential of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus by mosquitoes and estimation of mosquito saliva titers. | determining the dose of an arbovirus transmitted by a mosquito is important to design transmission and pathogenesis studies simulating natural infection. several different artificial infection and transmission methods used to assess vector competence and to estimate the dose injected during mosquito feeding have not been fully evaluated to determine whether they accurately reflect natural transmission. additionally, it is not known whether different mosquito vectors transmit similar amounts of a ... | 2005 | 16014828 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of a cypovirus (reoviridae) from the mosquito uranotaenia sapphirina (diptera: culicidae). | a novel cypovirus has been isolated from the mosquito uranotaenia sapphirina (uscpv) and shown to cause a chronic infection confined to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the gastric ceca and posterior stomach. the production of large numbers of virions and inclusion bodies and their arrangement into paracrystalline arrays gives the gut of infected insects a distinctive blue iridescence. the virions, which were examined by electron microscopy, are icosahedral (55 to 65 nm in diameter) with a c ... | 2005 | 16014906 |
| west nile virus surveillance, guadeloupe, 2003-2004. | we conducted extensive surveillance for west nile virus infection in equines and chickens in guadeloupe in 2003-2004. we showed a high seroprevalence in equines in 2003 related to biome, followed by a major decrease in virus circulation in 2004. no human or equine cases were reported during the study. | 2005 | 16022789 |
| epidemiology of heartworm: what is happening in south america and mexico? | canine heartworm has been known to exist in the americas for more than 150 years (1847), and the first south american report was published approximately 30 years later (1875). the first human case was reported in 1887 and the first feline case in 1921. coincidently, these two reports were from brazil, where most surveys of the disease during the past two decades have been conducted in dogs. feline cases are seldom found in the south american literature, although feline heartworm disease has been ... | 2005 | 16198820 |
| west nile virus-infected mosquitoes, louisiana, 2002. | human cases of west nile virus (wnv) disease appeared in st. tammany and tangipahoa parishes in southeastern louisiana in june 2002. cases peaked during july, then rapidly declined. we conducted mosquito collections from august 3 to august 15 at residences of patients with confirmed and suspected wnv disease to estimate species composition, relative abundance, and wnv infection rates. a total of 31,215 mosquitoes representing 25 species were collected by using primarily gravid traps and co2-bait ... | 2005 | 16229769 |
| susceptibility of psorophora confinnis (diptera: culicidae) to infection with epizootic (subtype ic) and enzootic (subtype id) venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. | to test the hypothesis that adaptation to epizootic mosquito vectors mediates the emergence of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, veev) from enzootic progenitors, the susceptibility of the epizootic vector psorophora confinnis (lynch-arribalzaga) to epizootic versus enzootic strains was evaluated. artificial bloodmeals containing subtype ic strains isolated during the 1962-1964, 1992-1993, and 1995 venezuelan/colombian epizootics and closely related venez ... | 2005 | 16365999 |
| identification of aedes aegypti and its respective life stages by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | an aedes aegypti-specific, fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (taq-man), polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for real-time screening using a field-deployable thermocycler. laboratory-based testing of a. aegypti, a. aegypti (trinidad strain), culex pipiens, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus individual adult mosquitoes and mixed pools (n = 10) demonstrated 100% concordance in both in vitro sensitivity (six of six samples) and specificity (10 of 10 sam ... | 2005 | 16491948 |
| evaluation of habitat management strategies for the reduction of malaria vectors in northern belize. | mowing and burning of emergent vegetation were evaluated as potential management strategies for the control of the malaria vector, anopheles vestitipennis, in northern belize, central america. the primary aim was reduction of tall dense macrophytes (dominated by typha domingensis) as preferred larval habitat for an. vestitipennis. nine experimental plots were established in a typha marsh in orange walk district, belize. three plots were burned, three were treated by subaquatic mowing, and three ... | 2005 | 16599158 |
| carbonic anhydrase in the adult mosquito midgut. | we have previously demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (ca) in larval mosquito midgut physiology. in this study, we used hansson's histochemistry to examine the distribution of the enzyme in the midgut of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, anopheles albimanus and anopheles quadrimaculatus adult mosquitoes. additionally, we quantitated ca content in the anterior and posterior midgut of adult males and females fro ... | 2005 | 16109888 |
| colonization of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus from riohacha, colombia. | the main objective of the present work was to establish and maintain a colony of ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, riohacha strain, under laboratory conditions and to study its life cycle. the colony's insectary was established from adult male and female mosquitoes collected from peripheral neighborhoods of riohacha, colombia. environmental conditions established in the insectary were 26.5 degrees c average temperature, 80% average relative humidity, and 12 h photoperiodicity. eight continuous genera ... | 2005 | 15825758 |
| relative abundance of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) on big pine key, florida, u.s.a. | species diversity of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) collections in carbon dioxide-baited light traps was investigated on big pine key, florida, from 2000 - 2004. twenty species of mosquitoes were collected during this study, the most commonly collected being anopheles atropos, culex bahamensis, deinocerites cancer, and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus is the dominant species at this location. for most of the mosquito species, more individuals were collected during the "hig ... | 2005 | 16599171 |
| epidemiology of west nile virus in connecticut: a five-year analysis of mosquito data 1999-2003. | two hundred and ten isolations of west nile virus (wnv) were obtained from 17 mosquito species in six genera in statewide surveillance conducted in connecticut from june through october, 1999-2003. culex pipiens (86), culex salinarius (32), culex restuans (26), culiseta melanura (32), and aedes vexans (12) were implicated as the most likely vectors of wnv in the region based on virus isolation data. culex pipiens was abundant from july through september and is likely involved in early season enz ... | 2004 | 15682518 |
| diagnostic dose of synergized d-phenothrin for insecticide susceptibility testing by bottle bioassay. | the diagnostic dose of d-phenothrin synergized 1:1 with piperonyl butoxide for testing insecticide susceptibility of mosquitoes by bottle bioassay is reported for 2 mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. the diagnostic dose was defined as 2 times the 95% lethal concentration (lc95). lc50, lc90, and lc95 were estimated by probit analysis of dose response data. procedures for diluting the commercial-grade off-the-shelf pesticide in acetone, treating the bottles, ... | 2004 | 15264629 |
| a comparison of two ultra-low-volume spray nozzle systems by using a multiple swath scenario for the aerial application of fenthion against adult mosquitoes. | two hydraulic spray nozzle systems, a flat fan and a high-pressure hollow cone, were used for ultra-low-volume application of the mosquito adulticide fenthion under a multiple swath scheme. eight swaths at 322-m intervals were applied from a height of 91 m to simulate operational conditions. deposition, effects on nontarget organisms (fiddler crabs), aerial flux, and mosquito (ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus) mortality were monitored for 8,230 m downwind, including the area under all 8 swaths. the f ... | 2004 | 15088703 |
| a comparison of two spray nozzle systems used to aerially apply the ultra-low-volume adulticide fenthion. | field experiments with the mosquito adulticide fenthion (baytex) compared the conventional flat-fan nozzle system (tee jet 8002ss) and a new high-pressure hollow-cone nozzle system (1/8 miss). ground deposition and aerial flux of the mosquito adulticide fenthion were measured up to 4.83 km downwind by using filter paper and yarn collectors, respectively. biological efficacy was investigated by using caged salt-marsh mosquitoes (ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus), and caged fiddler crabs (uca pugilator ... | 2004 | 15088702 |
| alkalization of larval mosquito midgut and the role of carbonic anhydrase in different species of mosquitoes. | we have previously demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (ca) in the alkalization mechanism of the aedes aegypti larval midgut. in this study, we used hansson's histochemistry to examine the distribution of the enzyme in the midgut of six different species of mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus). additionally, we quantitated ca content in the gastric caeca, anterior and po ... | 2004 | 15171946 |
| ph tolerances and regulatory abilities of freshwater and euryhaline aedine mosquito larvae. | the ph regulatory abilities of two members of the mosquito tribe aedini, known to have dramatically different saline tolerances, are investigated. the freshwater mosquito aedes aegypti and the euryhaline ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus tolerate very similar ph ranges. both species complete larval development in waters ranging from ph 4 to ph 11, but naïve larvae always die in water of ph 3 or 12. across the ph range 4-11, the hemolymph ph of o. taeniorhynchus is maintained constant while that of a. ... | 2004 | 15159434 |
| differences in the effects of salinity on larval growth and developmental programs of a freshwater and a euryhaline mosquito species (insecta: diptera, culicidae). | the effects of salinity on growth and development of the euryhaline ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and the freshwater aedes aegypti are compared. o. taeniorhynchus grow larger, and have greater intrinsic growth rates, than a. aegypti. females of each species attain greater mass, take longer to develop, and have greater growth rates than do males. in o. taeniorhynchus, pupal mass, larval stage duration and growth rates (dry mass) increase with salinity, whereas growth rates (wet mass) remain constan ... | 2004 | 15159433 |
| biochemical and cytoimmunological evidence for the control of aedes aegypti larval trypsin with aea-tmof. | trypsin and chymotrypsin-like enzymes were detected in the gut of aedes aegypti in the four larval instar and pupal developmental stages. although overall the amount of trypsin synthesized in the larval gut was 2-fold higher than chymotrypsin, both enzymes are important in food digestion. feeding aea-trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) to ae. aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae inhibited trypsin biosynthesis in the larval gut, stunted larval growth and development, and caused mortali ... | 2004 | 14981657 |
| genetic determinants of venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence. | following a period of inactivity from 1973-1991, venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) reemerged during the past decade in south america and mexico. experimental studies of vee virus (veev) infection of horses with virus strains isolated during these outbreaks have revealed considerable variation in the ability of equine-virulent, epizootic strains to exploit horses as efficient amplification hosts. subtype ic strains from recent outbreaks in venezuela and colombia amplify efficiently in equines, ... | 2004 | 15119762 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, southern mexico. | equine epizootics of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) occurred in the southern mexican states of chiapas in 1993 and oaxaca in 1996. to assess the impact of continuing circulation of vee virus (veev) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in chiapas state. human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of veev occurred among villages with seroprevalence levels of 18% to 75% and that medical pers ... | 2004 | 15663847 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein. | in 1993 and 1996, subtype ie venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus caused epizootics in the mexican states of chiapas and oaxaca. previously, only subtype iab and ic vee virus strains had been associated with major outbreaks of equine and human disease. the iab and ic epizootics are believed to emerge via adaptation of enzootic (sylvatic, equine-avirulent) strains for high titer equine viremia that results in efficient infection of mosquito vectors. however, experimental equine infections w ... | 2004 | 15277679 |