Publications

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canadian arctic sea ice reconstructed from bromine in the greenland neem ice core.reconstructing the past variability of arctic sea ice provides an essential context for recent multi-year sea ice decline, although few quantitative reconstructions cover the holocene period prior to the earliest historical records 1,200 years ago. photochemical recycling of bromine is observed over first-year, or seasonal, sea ice in so-called "bromine explosions" and we employ a 1-d chemistry transport model to quantify processes of bromine enrichment over first-year sea ice and depositional t ...201627650478
the effect of green synthesized cuo nanoparticles on callogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa l.in this study, we have investigated the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo-nps) on callogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa l (super basmati, basmati 2000, basmati 370, and basmati 385). in this regard, cuo-nps have been bio-synthesized via azadirachta indica leaf extract. scanning electron microscope (sem) analysis depicts average particle size of 40 ± 5 nm with highly homogenous and spherical morphology. x-ray diffraction (xrd) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) hav ...201627630655
synthesis, characterization, biocompatible and anticancer activity of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles - a comparative study.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are superior cluster of nanomaterials that are recently recognized for their different applications in various pharmaceutical and clinical settings. the objective of this work deals with novel method for biosynthesis of agnps using azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract as reducing agent. these bio and chemical synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with the help of uv-vis spectroscopy, nanotarc, dynamic light scattering (dls), zeta potential (zp), transmission ...201627621034
damage patterns, monitoring, and management of procontarinia mangiferae (diptera: cecidomyiidae) in pakistan.since 2005, mango has been damaged by a group of new pests, the gall midges, in all mango-growing areas of pakistan. little is known about these pests in pakistan. in this report, we present information on the occurrence, damage patterns, methods for monitoring, and management of procontarinia mangiferae (felt), a mango gall midge found in the country. at the study site (rahim yar khan, a district of the province punjab, pakistan), the pest was active from january/february to april as eggs, larv ...201627616764
toxic effects of the neem oil (azadirachta indica) formulation on the stink bug predator, podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae).this research investigated the effects of neem oil on mortality, survival and malformations of the non-target stink bug predator, podisus nigrispinus. neurotoxic and growth inhibitor insecticides were used to compare the lethal and sublethal effects from neem oil on this predator. six concentrations of neem oil were topically applied onto nymphs and adults of this predator. the mortality rates of third, fourth, and fifth instar nymphs increased with increasing neem oil concentrations, suggesting ...201627596436
allometric models and aboveground biomass stocks of a west african sudan savannah watershed in benin.the estimation of forest biomass changes due to land-use change is of significant importance for estimates of the global carbon budget. the accuracy of biomass density maps depends on the availability of reliable allometric models used in combination with data derived from satellites images and forest inventory data. to reduce the uncertainty in estimates of carbon emissions resulting from deforestation and forest degradation, better information on allometric equations and the spatial distributi ...201627594897
the antioxidant potential of azadirachta indica ameliorates cardioprotection following diabetic mellitus-induced microangiopathy.cardiac complications associated with diabetes mellitus have become major cause of concern. antidiabetic drugs, with varied mode of action, are although available, apprehensions exist for their limited action or side effects upon prolonged use. efforts are therefore inclined toward finding other alternatives. the present study was, thus, undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of azadirachta indica (ai) on microangiopathic changes in rat model of diabetes.201627563227
a new sucrase enzyme inhibitor from azadirachta indica.sucrase enzyme inhibitor considered as an oral anti-diabetic therapy that delays the absorption of eaten carbohydrates, reducing the postprandial glucose and insulin peaks to reach normoglycemia.201627563214
reconstructing the last interglacial at summit, greenland: insights from gisp2.the eemian (last interglacial, 130-115 ka) was likely the warmest of all interglacials of the last 800 ka, with summer arctic temperatures 3-5 °c above present. here, we present improved eemian climate records from central greenland, reconstructed from the base of the greenland ice sheet project 2 (gisp2) ice core. our record comes from clean, stratigraphically disturbed, and isotopically warm ice from 2,750 to 3,040 m depth. the age of this ice is constrained by measuring ch4 and δ(18)o of o2, ...201627528680
head lice in progress: what could/should be done-a report on an in vivo and in vitro field study.head lice infections are a growing problem in the light of increasing migration of large population as well as the increasing current refugee flows and concomitant poor hygienic conditions. these infections are associated with a significantly reduced quality of life and frequent medical consultations. the approved drugs for the treatment of head lice infections have some disadvantages in the treatment despite their good efficacy. in addition to irritant-toxic substances that can cause adverse re ...201627481171
evaluation of nano structured slow release fertilizer on the soil fertility, yield and nutritional profile of vigna radiata.the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has distorted soil composition, fertility and integ-rity with relevant and non-desirable environmental and ecological consequences. a strategy was designed to prepare a nano structured slow release fertilizer system that delivers nutrients and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria simultaneously. slow release nano phosphate and potash fertilizer was prepared by blending the nano emulsion of fertilizer with neem cake and pgpr.201627465293
synthesis of iron nanoparticles using azadirachta indica extract and its catalytic activity toward nitrophenol reduction.a simple, hasty and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles has been developed using the medicinally important azadirachta indica extract, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agent. the formation and morphological properties of iron nanoparticles as a function of metallic precursor and azadirachta indica extract concentration have been investigated. the influence of solvent over the size and texture of iron nanoparticles has also been evaluated in detail. the thermal ...201627455665
melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of isomeric c-seco limonoids and deesterified limonoids.treatment of eight c-seco limonoids including six of salannin-type, 1 - 6, and two of nimbin-type, 7 and 8, with a combination of bf3 · et2 o and iodide ion yielded the isomeric c-seco derivatives, i.e., six isosalannins, 1a - 6a, and two isonimbins, 7a and 8a, respectively. ohchinin (1) was further subjected to lialh4 reduction which yielded a deesterified trihydroxy limonoid, nimbidinol (9). in addition, ten limonoids including seven of azadirone-type, 10 - 16, and three of gedunin-type, 17 - ...201627450797
comparative analysis of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway in azadirachta indica and melia azedarach by rna-seq.azadirachta indica (neem) is the only source of azadirachtin, which is known for its insecticide activity. melia azedarach is a related species of a. indica, widely distributed in the south of china. in this study, the leaf transcriptomes of these two meliaceae plants were sequenced. more than 40 million clean reads were generated from each library. about 80 % of a. indica reads were mapped to the neem genome, while 93 % of m. azedarach reads were mapped to its assembled transcripts and unigenes ...201627390659
azadirachta indica triterpenoids promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo.terpenoids were isolated using chromatographic purification through solvent purification technique and identified as azadirone (1), epoxyazadiradione (2) azadiradione (3) gedunin (4) nimbin (5) salannin (6) azadirachtin a (7) and azadirachtin b (8) from azadirachta indica. out of eight compounds, only three compounds had osteogenic activity and enhanced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in osteoblast cells. active compounds stimulated osteogenic genes alp, runx-2 and o ...201627317644
sequestering of as(iii) and as(v) from wastewater using a novel neem leaves/mnfe2o4 composite biosorbent.an arsenic biosorbent comprising neem leaves (nl) and mnfe2o4 particles was developed and its removal potential was investigated. physicochemical analysis of the nl/mnfe2o4 composite (mnl) was performed for the brunauer, emmett and teller surface area, fourier transform infrared spectra (ft-ir), and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray (edx). the following parameters were optimized: ph, biosorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and initial arsenic concentration. the optimum ph ...201627284978
nimbolide inhibits nuclear factor-кb pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages and alleviates experimental colitis in mice.nimbolide is a limonoid extracted from neem tree (azadirachta indica) that has antiinflammatory properties. the effect of nimbolide on the nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) pathway in intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), macrophages and in murine colitis models was investigated. the iec colo 205, the murine macrophage cell line raw 264.7, and peritoneal macrophages from interleukin-10-deficient (il-10(-/-) ) mice were preconditioned with nimbolide and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (tn ...201627270592
combination of nimbolide and tnf-α-increases human colon adenocarcinoma cell death through jnk-mediated dr5 up- regulation.tumor necrosis factor (tnf-α), an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, has previously been used in anti-cancer therapy. however, the therapeutic applications of tnf-α are largely limited due to its general toxicity and anti-apoptotic influence. to overcome this problem, the present study focused on the effect of active constituents isolated from a medicinal plant on tnf-α-induced apoptosis in human colon adenocar ...201627268643
mycotoxin contamination in stored maize and groundnuts based on storage practices and conditions in subhumid tropical africa: the case of kilosa district, tanzania.experiments were conducted to assess the influence of storage practices on mycotoxin incidences in stored maize and groundnuts in kilosa district, eastern central tanzania. factorial experiments were used to test the effects of processing, storage conditions, and protectants at 3-month intervals for 12 weeks. temperature and relative humidity data were recorded by using data loggers. the differences among the treatment means were compared using tukey's honestly significant difference test at 5% ...201628221960
effect of natural compounds on fusarium graminearum complex.a search is underway for new solutions to counter farm loss caused by fungal contamination of grains, since the active agents of fungicides can remain in the environment and contribute to the development of resistant and toxigenic species. in this study, the antifungal activity of natural compounds (γ-oryzanol, phenolic extract of neem seeds and of rice bran) was assessed on three toxigenic strains of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, rice and barley. their efficacy was compared to that ...201626699689
evaluation of medicinal plants and colloidal silver efficiency against vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in litopenaeus vannamei cultured at low salinity.in shrimp aquaculture, reduction in the use of synthetic antibiotics is a priority due to the high incidence of resistant bacteria (vibrio) in the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei. an increasing number of studies show bactericidal activity of natural treatments in aquaculture. the effectiveness of neem (azadirachta indica) and oregano (lippia berlandieri) aqueous extracts and colloidal silver against v. parahaemolyticus were evaluated in low salinity shrimp culture. results show that aqueous ex ...201627901504
phytoremediation potential of chromium-containing tannery effluent-contaminated soil by native indian timber-yielding tree species.twenty-six native indian tree species that are used for the enhanced tree cover program of the forest department (government of tamilnadu, india) were screened for phytoremediation of tannery effluent-contaminated soil containing high chromium content. out of 26 tree species tested, 10 timber-yielding tree species were selected for further phytoremediation monitoring. after a series of treatments with tannery effluent sludge, the chromium content was measured in the plant parts. the saplings of ...201626177918
efficacy of thai neem oil against aedes aegypti (l.) larvae.trees with larvicidal activity may be found in thailand. we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and length of efficacy of thai neem (azadirachta siamensis) oil emulsion and an alginate bead of thai neem oil formulation against early fourth stage aedes aegypti larvae using a dipping test. the thai neem oil emulsion had significantly greater larvicidal activity than the alginate bead formulation at 12 to 60 hours post-exposure (p < 0.01). the thai neem oil formulation resulted in 100% mo ...201627405123
characterization and mosquitocidal potential of neem cake-synthesized silver nanoparticles: genotoxicity and impact on predation efficiency of mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) serve as important vectors for a wide number of parasites and pathogens of huge medical and veterinary importance. aedes aegypti is a primary dengue vector in tropical and subtropical urban areas. there is an urgent need to develop eco-friendly mosquitocides. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnp) were biosynthesized using neem cake, a by-product of the neem oil extraction from the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. agnp were characterized using a variety of ...201626573518
large scale screening of ethnomedicinal plants for identification of potential antibacterial compounds.the global burden of bacterial infections is very high and has been exacerbated by increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics. antibiotic resistance leads to failed treatment of infections, which can ultimately lead to death. to overcome antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to identify new antibacterial agents. in this study, a total of 662 plant extracts (diverse parts) from 222 plant species (82 families, 177 genera) were screened for antibacterial activity using the agar cup plate method ...201626985889
quantitative ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants given for cardiometabolic diseases by the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of tiruvallur district, tamil nadu, india.the burden of cardiometabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, visceral obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and the use of traditional medicine for the management of such diseases are high in india; hence there is a need to document and analyze such therapies.201627090346
restoration of degraded soil in the nanmangalam reserve forest with native tree species: effect of indigenous plant growth-promoting bacteria.restoration of a highly degraded forest, which had lost its natural capacity for regeneration, was attempted in the nanmangalam reserve forest in eastern ghats of india. in field experiment, 12 native tree species were planted. the restoration included inoculation with a consortium of 5 native plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb), with the addition of small amounts of compost and a chemical fertilizer (npk). the experimental fields were maintained for 1080 days. the growth and biomass varied d ...201627195310
green-synthesised nanoparticles from melia azedarach seeds and the cyclopoid crustacean cyclops vernalis: an eco-friendly route to control the malaria vector anopheles stephensi?the impact of green-synthesised mosquitocidal nanoparticles on non-target aquatic predators is poorly studied. in this research, we proposed a single-step method to synthesise silver nanoparticles (ag np) using the seed extract of melia azedarach. ag np were characterised using a variety of biophysical methods, including uv-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. in laboratory assays on anopheles steph ...201626679526
study on antimicrobial potential of neem oil nanoemulsion against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in labeo rohita.presence of several biochemical constituents in neem makes it an efficient antimicrobial agent for pathogenic diseases. the current investigation was aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of neem nanoemulsion as a control measure for pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in freshwater fish labeo rohita. the median lethal concentration (lc50) for the neem oil and neem nanoemulsion was 73.9 and 160.3 mg/l, respectively. the biomarker enzymes of treated fish tissues showed a significant difference i ...201624502533
intracellular, biofilm-inhibitory and membrane-damaging activities of nimbolide isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) against meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a leading aetiologic agent of nosocomial- and community-acquired infectious diseases worldwide. the public health concern regarding staphylococcal infections is inflated by the increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains, e.g. multidrug- and meticillin-resistant s.aureus (mdr mrsa). this study was designed to evaluate the intracellular killing, membrane-damaging and biofilm-inhibitory activities of nimbolide isolated from azadirachta indica against mdr mrsa. in ...201627553840
effects of some dietary crude plant extracts on the growth and gonadal maturity of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) and their resistance to streptococcus agalactiae infection.a 90-day feeding trial was conducted on the growth performance, feeding efficacy, body indices, various hematological and plasma biochemical parameters, and histopathological examination of the gonads from male and female nile tilapia fingerlings when fed different crude plant extracts from cinnamomum camphora, euphorbia hirta, azadirachta indica, or carica papaya at 2 g kg(-1) compared to a control diet. this was followed by a 14-day challenge to streptococcus agalactiae. all treatments were tr ...201626643907
efficacy of specific plant products on microorganisms causing dental caries.dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral diseases seen globally, both in developed and developing countries. oral microorganisms that is gram positive and gram negative bacteria are known to be involved in causation of these diseases. nowadays commercially available dentrifices and mouth rinses are known to contain ingredients that can alter the oral microbial flora and have undesirable side effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea, disarrangement of oral, intestinal flora and ...201628209019
the effect of different concentrations of water soluble azadirachtin (neem metabolite) on streptococcus mutans compared with chlorhexidine.despite advances in the development of anticaries chemotherapy, the newer agents are unable to control the initiation of dental caries. research and development of natural antibacterial agents that are safe for the host as well as specific for oral pathogens is awaited. neem tree extracts have been used for thousands of years for maintaining overall well-being. chewing neem sticks in the morning is the most common indigenous method of cleaning the mouth in rural population. this has generated th ...201627080957
efficacy of 10% whole azadirachta indica (neem) chip as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbiological study.anti-microbial therapy is essential along with conventional therapy in the management of periodontal disease. instead of systemic chemical agents, herbal products could be used as antimicrobial agents. herbal local drug delivery systems are effective alternative for systemic therapy in managing the chronic periodontal disease. in this study, 10% neem oil chip was used as a local drug delivery system to evaluate the efficacy in the periodontal disease management.201627054855
phenol-rich compounds sweet gel: a statistically more effective antibiotic than cloxacillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa.the purpose of this study was to obtain a natural antibiotic from phenol-rich compounds; for the dressing and the treatment of chronic wounds.201627695634
in vitro and ex vivo activity of an azadirachta indica a.juss. seed kernel extract on early sporogonic development of plasmodium in comparison with azadirachtin a, its most abundant constituent.neemazal(®) (na) is a quantified extract from seed kernels of neem, azadirachta indica a.juss. (meliaceae), with a wide spectrum of biological properties, classically ascribed to its limonoid content. na contains several azadirachtins (a to l), azadirachtin a (azaa) being its main constituent. azaa has been shown to inhibit microgamete formation of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei, and na was found to completely inhibit the transmission of plasmodium berghei to anopheles stephensi ...201627912876
transmission blocking effects of neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel limonoids on plasmodium berghei early sporogonic development.azadirachta indica, known as neem tree and traditionally called "nature's drug store" makes part of several african pharmacopeias and is widely used for the preparation of homemade remedies and commercial preparations against various illnesses, including malaria. employing a bio-guided fractionation approach, molecules obtained from a. indica ripe and green fruit kernels were tested for activity against early sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei, the parasite stages that develop in the mosqui ...201627642038
in vivo and in vitro effectiveness of azadirachta indica-synthesized silver nanocrystals against plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum, and their potential against malaria mosquitoes.malaria transmission is a serious emergence in urban and semiurban areas worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. malaria is transmitted through the bites of anopheles mosquitoes. the extensive employ of synthetic pesticides leads to negative effects on human health and the environment. recently, plant-synthesized nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective mosquitocides. in this research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnp) using the azadirachta indica se ...201627234530
evaluation of herbal antimalarial mama decoction-amodiaquine combination in murine malaria model.co-administration of amodiaquine with mama decoction (md), an herbal antimalarial drug comprising the leaves of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae), alstonia boonei de wild (apocynaceae), morinda lucida benth (rubiaceae) and azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) was investigated. the practice of concurrent administration of herbal medicines with orthodox drugs is currently on the increase globally.201627057621
evaluation of antiviral activity of plant extracts against foot and mouth disease virus in vitro.the aim of this study was to evaluate antiviral activity of chloroformic leaves extracts of three plants: azadirachta indica, moringa oleifera and morus alba against foot and mouth disease virus using mtt assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). antiviral and cytotoxic activity of each extract was evaluated as cell survival percentage and results were expressed as means ± s.d. the concentrations which resulted in cell survival percentages of greater than 50% are co ...201627393440
antiviral phytochemicals identification from azadirachta indica leaves against hcv ns3 protease: an in silico approach.hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major health problem across the world affecting the people of all age groups. it is the main cause of hepatitis and at chronic stage causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. various therapeutics are made against hcv but still there is a need to find out potential therapeutics to combat the virus. the goal of this study is to identify the phytochemicals of azadirachta indica leaves having antiviral activity against hcv ns3 protease through molecular dockin ...201626274064
anthelmintic potential of calotropis procera, azadirachta indica and punica granatum against gastrothylax indicus.anthelmintic activity of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of calotropis procera flowers, azadirachta indica leaves and punica granatum fruit peel in comparison with albendazole was evaluated through in vitro studies by the worm motility inhibition assay. significant anthelmintic effects (p < 0.0005) were observed on live gastrothylax indicus worm as evident from their mortality at 4 h post exposure to both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presenc ...201627876922
evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against the gastrointestinal nematode, haemonchus contortus.the present study focuses on the in vitro anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against haemonchus contortus. the synthesized agnps were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) studies. the uv-vis spectrum exhibited a sharp peak at 420 nm, which was validated by electron microscopy, indicating t ...201627374616
facile green fabrication of nanostructure zno plates, bullets, flower, prismatic tip, closed pine cone: their antibacterial, antioxidant, photoluminescent and photocatalytic properties.green synthesis of multifunctional zinc oxide nanoparticles (nps) with a variety of morphologies were achieved by low temperature solution combustion route employing neem (azadirachta indica) extract as fuel. the nanoparticles were characterized by pxrd, ftir, xps, raman and uv-visible spectroscopic studies. the morphologies were studied by sem and tem analysis. the nps were subjected for photoluminescence, photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant activity studies. pxrd pattern confirmed th ...201626241826
immuno-pathological studies on broiler chicken experimentally infected with escherichia coli and supplemented with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract.the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of neem leaf extract (nle) supplementation on immunological response and pathology of different lymphoid organs in experimentally escherichia coli challenged broiler chickens.201627536035
preliminary phytochemical screening, antibacterial potential and gc-ms analysis of two medicinal plant extracts.the presence study was aimed to catalyze the primary metabolites and their confirmation by using gc-ms analysis and antibacterial potential of leaf extract of two important medicinal plant viz., eucalyptus and azadirachta indica. the antibacterial potential of the methanol leaf extract of the studied species was tested against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiellap neumoniae, streptococcus pyogens, staphylococcus aureus using by agar well diffusion method. the higher zone of inhib ...201627166527
a solvent induced crystallisation method to imbue bioactive ingredients of neem oil into the compact structure of poly (ethylene terephthalate) polyester.neem oil, a natural antibacterial agent from neem tree (azadarichtaindica) has been used to impart antibacterial activity to polyester fabrics. solvent induced polymer modification method was used and that facilitated the easy entry of neem molecules into the compact structure of polyethylene terephthalate (pet) polyester. the polyester fabric was treated with trichloroacetic acid-methylene chloride (tcamc) solvent system at room temperature prior to treatment with neem oil. the concentration of ...201627127070
antibacterial efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica) extract against enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. the objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica) extract against enterococcus faecalis.201627794147
evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica, commiphora myrrha, glycyrrhiza glabra against enterococcus faecalis using real time pcr.to compare the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica (neem), commiphora myrrha (myrrh), glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) with 2% chlorhexidine (chx) against e. faecalis by using real time pcr.201627386000
identification of differentially expressed genes in monochamus alternatus digested with azadirachtin.the pine sawyer beetle monochamus alternatus hope, a major forest insect pest, is the primary vector of the destructive forest pest pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. azadirachtin, an active compound of neem, is biologically interesting because it represents a group of important, successful botanical pesticides. we provide insight into the molecular effects of azadirachtin on m. alternatus at the transcriptional level to provide clues about possible molecular-level targets and to es ...201627629396
management of chinese rose beetle (adoretus sinicus) adults feeding on cacao (theobroma cacao) using insecticides.the chinese rose beetle (adoretus sinicus burmeister (coleoptera: scarabaeidae)) is an introduced, widely-established pest in hawai'i. the adult beetles feed on the leaves of cacao (theobroma cacao l.), which can lead to defoliation and even death of young trees. we evaluated the impact of five commercially available products with different active ingredients (imidacloprid, azadirachtin, beauveria bassiana (bals.-criv.) vuill., kaolin clay, and pyrethrin) and the presence or absence of weed mat ...201627348004
biosynthesis of anti-proliferative gold nanoparticles using endophytic fusarium oxysporum strain isolated from neem (a. indica) leaves.here we report a simple, rapid, environment friendly approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) fungal endophyte, which based upon morphological and cultural characteristics was eventually identified as fusarium oxysporum. the aqueous precursor (haucl4) solution when reacted with endophytic fungus resulted in the biosynthesis of abundant amounts of well dispersed gold nanoparticles of 10-40 nm with an average size of 22nm. these biosynthesized gold ...201626876519
enhanced production of pectinase by aspergillus terreus ncft 4269.10 using banana peels as substrate.aspergillus terreus ncft4269.10 was implemented in solid-state (ssf) and liquid static surface fermentation (lssf) for biosynthesis of pectinase. amongst various substrates, like, mustard oil cake, neem oil cake, groundnut oil cake, black gram peels, green gram peels, chickling vetch peels/grass pea peels wheat bran, pearl millet residues, finger millet waste, broken rice, banana peels (bp), apple pomace (ap) and orange peels, banana peel (musa paradisiaca l.; family: musaceae) was most suitable ...201628330106
botanical and biological pesticides elicit a similar induced systemic response in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) secondary metabolism.natural pesticides have attracted substantial interest due to the increase in organic agriculture and enhanced attention to environmental pollution. plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) are applied for both disease control and growth enhancement; pgpbs are known to elicit induced systemic response (isr) in plants. however, less is known about the effect of botanical pesticides, such as the azadirachtin-containing neem extracts, on plant metabolism. this study aimed to investigate the effects o ...201627251587
bark extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: evaluation of antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative response against osteosarcoma.in the current investigation we report the biosynthesis potentials of bark extracts of ficus benghalensis and azadirachta indica for production of silver nanoparticle without use of any external reducing or capping agent. the appearance of dark brown color indicated the complete nanoparticle synthesis which was further validated by absorbance peak by uv-vis spectroscopy. the morphology of the synthesized particles was characterized by field emission- scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem) and ato ...201626478285
neem oil and crop protection: from now to the future.a major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. in current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. in this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. however, l ...201627790224
epigenetic activation of antibacterial property of an endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 and identification of the induced protein using maldi tof ms/ms.the endophytic streptomyces coelicolor strain azra 37 was isolated from the surface sterilized root of azadirachta indica a. juss., commonly known as neem plant in india. since only a few reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations of microbial entities, s. coelicolor was treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine for this purpose and evaluated for its antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria (aeromonas hydrophila ims/gn11, enterococcus faecalis ims/g ...201626844762
rapid, bioassay-guided process for the detection and identification of antibacterial neem oil compounds.bioassay guidance was used along the whole process including method development, isolation and identification of antibacterial neem (azadirachta indica) oil compounds. the biomonitoring was performed by direct bioautography (db), a combination of thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and antimicrobial detection. db of neem oil showed one antibacterial zone that was not uv-active; therefore, the tlc separation was improved under db control. the chromatographic zone that exhibited activity against bacil ...201626951543
neemazal ® as a possible alternative control tool for malaria and african trypanosomiasis?research efforts to identify possible alternative control tools for malaria and african trypanosomiasis are needed. one promising approach relies on the use of traditional plant remedies with insecticidal activities.201627146309
urea-formaldehyde nanocapsules for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium.urea-formaldehyde (uf), polymerized in situ in aqueous media, is a rigid polymer that can be used in the controlled release of bioactive molecules. during the process of polymerization, liquid neem seed oil (nso) was encapsulated at three different loadings, which was then replaced by diclofenac sodium (ds), the presence of which was confirmed by ftir spectra. the nanocapsules thus prepared were evaluated for percentage loading of the drug, particle size and release characteristics. thermal anal ...201610898085
impact of repeated neemazal-treated blood meals on the fitness of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.herbal remedies are widely used in many malaria endemic countries to treat patients, in particular in the absence of anti-malarial drugs and in some settings to prevent the disease. herbal medicines may be specifically designed for prophylaxis and/or for blocking malaria transmission to benefit both, the individual consumer and the community at large. neem represents a good candidate for this purpose due to its inhibitory effects on the parasite stages that cause the clinical manifestations of m ...201525884799
computational analysis reveal inhibitory action of nimbin against dengue viral envelope protein.dengue has emerged to be global health problem worldwide. hence there is an immediate need to adopt new strategies in the development of effective anti-dengue drugs. extracts from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been traditionally used in folk medicine for viral infections. in the present study we report the anti-viral potency of nimbin, the active compound from the neem leaf extract against the envelope protein of dengue virus. progression of viral entry into the host cell is facilitated b ...201526645034
effect of neem (azadirachta indica) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy manure.escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) shed in cattle manure can survive for extended periods of time and intervention strategies to control this pathogen at the source are critical as produce crops are often grown in proximity to animal raising operations. this study evaluated whether neem (azadirachta indica), known for its antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, can be used to amend manure to control eco157. the influence of neem materials (leaf, bark, and oil) on the survival of an apple juice ...201526184255
repellent efficacy of deet, mygga, neem (azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (melia azedarach) oil against anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in ethiopia.in ethiopia, anopheles arabiensis is the main vector responsible for the transmission of malaria in the country and its control mainly involves application of indoor residual spraying (irs) and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns).201525935845
neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae for the control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management and many isolates are compatible with synthetic and natural insecticides. neem oil was tested separately and in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. our aim was to increase the effectiveness of the fungus for the control of larval mosquito populations.201526715150
apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo.exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. in accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of azadirachta indica leaves (ale) and seeds (ase).201525884649
efficacy of neem chippings for mosquito larval control under field conditions.an in depth understanding of mosquito breeding biology and factors regulating population sizes is fundamental for vector population control. this paper presents results from a survey of mosquito breeding habitats and the efficacy of neem chippings as a potential larvicide that can be integrated in mosquito control on nyabondo plateau in western kenya.201525888120
bioactivity of six plant extracts on adults of demotispa neivai (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).demotispa neivai bondar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) damage oil palm fruits, which makes it necessary to develop products to control this insect. the mortality, repellency, and antifeeding effects on adults of d. neivai of six plant extracts of azadirachta indica a. juss. (sapindales: meliaceae), ricinus communis (l.) (malpighiaes: euphorbiaceae), citrus sinensis oesbek (sapindales: rutaceae), nicotiana tabacum (l.) (slanales: solanaceae), capsicum annuum (l.) (solanales: solanaceae), and artemis ...201525843587
determinants of visceral leishmaniasis: a case-control study in gedaref state, sudan.improving knowledge on local determinants of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is crucial to guide the development of relevant control strategies. this study aimed to identify individual and household level determinants of primary vl in 24 highly endemic villages of tabarak allah hospital's catchment area, gedaref state, sudan.201526544177
neem (azadirachtaindica a. juss) oil: a natural preservative to control meat spoilage.plant-derived extracts (pdes) are a source of biologically-active substances having antimicrobial properties. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of neem oil (no) as a preservative of fresh retail meat. the antibacterial activity of no against carnobacterium maltaromaticum, brochothrix thermosphacta, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, lactobacillus curvatus and l. sakei was assessed in a broth model system. the bacterial growth inhibition zone (mm) ranged from 18.83 ± 1.1 ...201528231186
organic neem compounds inhibit soft-rot fungal growth and improve the strength of anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas.to examine organic neem compounds for their effective growth inhibition of saprotrophic soft-rot fungi on anthracite bricks bound with collagen and lignin for use in iron foundry cupolas as an alternative fuel source.201525857444
comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of triclosan- containing, herbal and homeopathy toothpastes- an invitro study.use of antimicrobial agents is one of the important strategies to prevent oral diseases. these agents vary in their abilities to deliver preventive and therapeutic benefits.201526557516
silver nanoparticles embedded mesoporous sio₂ nanosphere: an effective anticandidal agent against candida albicans 077.candida albicans is a diploid fungus that causes common infections such as denture stomatitis, thrush, urinary tract infections, etc. immunocompromised patients can become severely infected by this fungus. development of an effective anticandidal agent against this pathogenic fungus, therefore, will be very useful for practical application. in this work, ag-embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (msio2@agnps) have successfully been synthesized and their anticandidal activities against c. albic ...201526119911
dentinal tubule disinfection with propolis & two extracts of azadirachta indica against candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate.this study evaluates the disinfection of dentinal tubules using propolis, azadirachta indica (alcoholic and aqueous extracts), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate.201526962368
antimicrobial activity of herbal medicines (tulsi extract, neem extract) and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis in endodontics: an in vitro study.successful endodontic treatment depends on effective disinfection and complete sealing of root canal. various medicaments are advised for disinfecting root canal, such as herbal and non-herbal medicaments. this study was done to assess the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicines (neem extract, tulsi extract) and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis in endodontics.201526942123
an in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of five herbal extracts and comparison of their activity with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis.sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used irrigant in endodontic practice, but it has various disadvantages. literature has shown that herbal products such as propolis, azadirachta indica (ai), triphala, curcuma longa, and morinda citrifolia (mc) possess good antimicrobial properties and thus can be used as potential endodontic irrigants.201526672425
natural control of bacteria affecting meat quality by a neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) cake extract.the antibacterial activity of an ethylacetate neem cake extract (nce) against bacteria that affect meat quality, namely campylobacter jejuni, carnobacterium spp., lactobacillus curvatus, lactobacillus sakei and leuconostoc sp., is reported. the antibacterial activity was detected using standardised disc diffusion and macrodilution methods. the bacterial growth inhibition zone ranged from 11.33 ± 0.58 to 22.67 ± 0.58 mm (100 μl nce). there is significant difference between the growth inhibition z ...201525272067
report: in vivo anticoccidial effects of azadirachta indica and carica papaya l. with salinomycin drug as a dietary feed supplement in broiler chicks.a total of thirty suspected broiler chicks were screened for coccidiosis, of them 25 chicks were found to be infected with coccidiosis viz. eimeria tenella (15) eimeria maxima (5) eimeria necatrix (6) and eimeria mitis (4). the anticoccidial efficacy of azadirachta indica and carica papaya with salinomycin as a dietary feed supplement on the representative e. tenella (25 x 10³ oocyst) infection challenged in broiler chicks was studied in six groups for the period of six weeks. a. indica and c. p ...201526142532
biochemical studies in experimentally escherichia coli infected broiler chicken supplemented with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract.an experimental study was conducted on 192-day-old broiler chicks for evaluating the effect of 10% neem leaf extract (nle) supplementationon biochemical parameters in chickens experimentally infected with escherichia coli o78 at 10(7) cfu/0.5 ml at 7 days of age.201527047040
physical and antimicrobial properties of starch-pva blend films as affected by the incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents.in this work, active films based on starch and pva (s:pva ratio of 2:1) were developed by incorporating neem (no) and oregano essential oils (oeo). first, a screening of the antifungal effectiveness of different natural extracts (echinacea, horsetail extract, liquid smoke and neem seed oil) against two fungus (p. expansum and a. niger) was carried out. the effect of no and oeo incorporation on the films' physical and antimicrobial properties was analyzed. only composite films containing oeo exhi ...201528231098
neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) oil to tackle enteropathogenic escherichia coli.neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) oil (no) was assayed against forty-eight isolates of escherichia coli by standardised disc diffusion test and microdilution test. by molecular biology characterization, fourteen isolates resulted in diarrheagenic e. coli with sixteen primer pairs that specifically amplify unique sequences of virulence genes and of 16s rrna. the no showed biological activity against all isolates. the bacterial growth inhibition zone by disc diffusion method (100 µl no) ranged bet ...201526064900
comparative analysis of biosynthesised and chemosynthesised silver nanoparticles with special reference to their antibacterial activity against pathogens.the present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using both biological and chemical routes to find out the best method for control of their size and activity. the fungal agent (fusarium oxysporum) and the plant (azadirachta indica) were found to be the best source for agnps synthesis. both biosynthesis and chemosynthesis were achieved by challenging filtrate with agno3 (1 mm) solution. the synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fo ...201526023154
synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide-neem oil-chitosan bionanocomposite for food packaging application.nano zinc oxide at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and neem essential oil were incorporated into the chitosan polymer by solution cast method to enhance the properties of the bionanocomposite film. the functional groups, crystalline particle size, thermal stability and morphology were determined using ftir, xrd, tga and sem, respectively. the results showed that 0.5% nano zinc oxide incorporated composite film have improved tensile strength, elongation, film thickness, film transpar ...201525499891
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles performing as biogenic sers-nanotags for investigation of c26 colon carcinoma cells.in this work, two classes of silver nanoparticles (agnps) were biosynthesized with the goal to assess their reliability in vitro as surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) nanotags. mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles (magnps) and phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (pagnps) were produced through environmentally friendly procedures by reduction of silver nitrate with fusarium oxysporum cell filtrate and azadirachta indica extract, respectively. two cell lines, namely c26 murine colon carcino ...201526123850
protective effect of aqueous crude extract of neem (azadirachta indica) leaves on plasmodium berghei-induced renal damage in mice.malaria is a major public health problem in the world because it can cause of death in patients. malaria-associated renal injury is associated with 45% of mortality in adult patients hospitalized with severe form of the disease. therefore, new plant extracts to protect against renal injury induced by malaria infection are urgently needed. in this study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous crude extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves on renal injury induced by plasmodium berghei ...201526379714
brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity of plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in msambweni district.in kenya, most people use traditional medicine and medicinal plants to treat many diseases including malaria. to manage malaria, new knowledge and products are needed. traditional herbal medicine has constituted a good basis for antimalarial lead discovery and drug development.201525495507
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activity of neem leaf extract in leishmania donovani infection.the toxicity and emergence of resistance to available chemical drugs against visceral leishmaniasis is evoking to explore herbal treatment. one such attempt with the neem is being reported here. the current study is primarily focused to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of neem leaf extracts. among which, ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) alone was found to exhibit leishmanicidal effect validated through cytotoxicity assay and estimated its ic₅₀ to be 52.4 µg/ml on the promastigote stage. propidi ...201525747203
management of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in bottle gourd using different botanicals in pots.a pot experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of different botanicals in varying doses for management of root-knot nematode, m. incognita in bottle gourd. the results exhibited that madar (calotropis procera) and neem (azadirachta indica) leaves application proved to be more effective in improving plant growth characters and reducing root-knot index and final nematode population. among the doses tested, higher dose of 1.5 % (w/w) was more effective than lower ones.201526345048
esolvent-free, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production from mango, neem, and shea oils via response surface methodology.mango, neem and shea kernels produce non-conventional oils whose potentials are not fully exploited. to give an added value to these oils, they were transesterified into biodiesel in a solvent-free system using immobilized enzyme lipozyme from mucor miehei. the doehlert experimental design was used to evaluate the methyl ester (me) yields as influenced by enzyme concentration-ec, temperature-t, added water content-awc, and reaction time-rt. biodiesel yields were quantified by (1)h nmr spectrosco ...201526698315
antimicrobial biosynthetic potential and genetic diversity of endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants.endophytic actinomycetes are one of the primary groups that share symbiotic relationships with medicinal plants and are key reservoir of biologically active compounds. in this study, six selective medicinal plants were targeted for the first time for endophytic actinomycetes isolation from gibbon wild life sanctuary, assam, india, during winter and summer and 76 isolates were obtained. the isolates were found to be prevalent in roots followed by stem and leaves. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis r ...201526347302
effect of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf extract on resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and schistosoma mansoni worms.there are ethnopharmacological reports supporting the use of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf against bacterial and worm infections. however there is a lack of studies about its effect on bacterial biofilm formation and schistosoma mansoni worms. this study reports the in vitro effects of neem leaf ethanolic extract (neem ee) on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and against s. mansoni worms.201526408045
a novel biopesticide ponneem to control human vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi l. and culex quinquefasciatus say.organophosphate pesticides are widely used in vector mosquito management and agricultural pest management. these chemicals enter into natural water bodies and soil and cause hazards to the environment. the objective of this study was to prepare a natural pesticide which will not harm the environment and yet control vector mosquitoes. ponneem, a novel biopesticide, patented and prepared from the oils of azadirachta indica and pongamia glabra, was tested against anopheles stephensi and culex quinq ...201525929457
acute renal failure induced by chinese herbal medication in nigeria.traditional herbal medicine is a global phenomenon especially in the resource poor economy where only the very rich can access orthodox care. these herbal products are associated with complications such as acute renal failure and liver damage with a high incidence of mortalities and morbidities. acute renal failure from the use of herbal remedies is said to account for about 30-35% of all cases of acute renal failure in africa. most of the herbal medications are not usually identified, but some ...201526199625
complementary and alternative medicine for psoriasis: what the dermatologist needs to know.complementary and alternative medicine (cam) use is common among patients with psoriasis. cam modalities include traditional chinese medicine (tcm), herbal therapies, dietary supplements, climatotherapy, and mind/body interventions. in this review, evidence from clinical trials investigating the efficacy of cam for psoriasis is reviewed. there is a large amount of evidence from controlled trials that have shown that the combination of tcm with traditional therapies for psoriasis is more efficaci ...201525904522
medicinal plants used to treat tb in ghana.the current study was designed to document medicinal plant species that are traditionally used to treat tuberculosis (tb) by ghanaian communities.201526972879
synthesis of silver nanoparticles from azadirachta indica--a most effective method for mosquito control.mosquitoes transmit major communicable diseases such as dengue, malaria, filariasis, japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, and so on. vector control is important in epidemic disease situations as there is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for non-targeted organisms. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized from the aqueous leaf extract of neem plant (azadirachta indica), and their effects on mos ...201525226837
larvicidal and ovideterrent properties of neem oil and fractions against the filariasis vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): a bioactivity survey across production sites.neem seed oil (nso) of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) contains more than 100 determined biologically active compounds, and many formulations deriving from them showed toxicity, antifeedancy and repellence against a number of arthropod pests. however, it is widely known that botanical products can differ in their chemical composition and bioactivity, as function of the production site and production process. we used high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) to investigate differences in ...201525327954
antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment on human lymphocytes in vitro.neem (azadirachta indica) is recognized as a medicinal plant well known for its antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. neem nanoemulsion (ne) (o/w) is formulated using neem oil, tween 20, and water by high-energy ultrasonication. the formulated neem ne showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. despite the use of neem ne in various biomedical applications, the toxicity stud ...201526491309
molecular docking based screening of neem-derived compounds with the ns1 protein of influenza virus.different strains of influenza virus are affecting a large number of people worldwide to combat with influenza virus destruction, numerous synthetic antiviral medicines are available for influenza virus in the market. but still there was a need for the development of drug which will target all the strains of influenza virus. for this purpose conserved residues within the influenza virus ns1 protein have been found by aligning all the available sequences of existing strains from the national cent ...201526339153
effect of neem containing toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis--a randomized double blind clinical trial.the present study was designed to assess the effect of toothpaste containing neem on plaque and gingivitis.201526718296
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