Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| case fatality rate and risk factors for nipah virus encephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | a wide range of nipah virus (niv) encephalitis case fatality rates (cfr) have been reported. data on the involvement of several potential risk factors in nipah virus transmission remain controversial. we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled cfr of niv encephalitis and to assess the risk factors for niv infection. | 2019 | 31132674 |
| erratum: publisher correction: rabies-based vaccine induces potent immune responses against nipah virus. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1038/s41541-019-0109-5.]. | 2019 | 31098303 |
| nipah virus outbreaks: still small but extremely lethal. | 2019 | 30365002 | |
| outbreak investigation of nipah virus disease in kerala, india, 2018. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly fatal emerging zoonotic virus and a potential threat to global health security. here we describe the characteristics of the niv outbreak that occurred in kerala, india, during may-june 2018. | 2019 | 30364984 |
| emerging/re-emerging viral diseases & new viruses on the indian horizon. | infectious diseases remain as the major causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure in india. the country has experienced the outbreaks and epidemics of many infectious diseases. however, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. the country's vast terrains of extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique ... | 2019 | 31411169 |
| recent advances in the understanding of nipah virus immunopathogenesis and anti-viral approaches. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged at the end of last century as a human pathogen capable of causing severe acute respiratory infection and encephalitis. although niv provokes serious diseases in numerous mammalian species, the infection seems to be asymptomatic in niv natural hosts, the fruit bats, which provide a continuous virus source for further outbreaks. consecutive human-to-human transmission has been frequently observed during outbreaks in banglades ... | 2019 | 31656582 |
| structural and functional analyses reveal promiscuous and species specific use of ephrin receptors by cedar virus. | cedar virus (cedv) is a bat-borne henipavirus related to nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev), zoonotic agents of fatal human disease. cedv receptor-binding protein (g) shares only ∼30% sequence identity with those of niv and hev, although they can all use ephrin-b2 as an entry receptor. we demonstrate that cedv also enters cells through additional b- and a-class ephrins (ephrin-b1, ephrin-a2, and ephrin-a5) and report the crystal structure of the cedv g ectodomain alone and in complex with ... | 2019 | 31548390 |
| nipah virus induces two inclusion body populations: identification of novel inclusions at the plasma membrane. | formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ibs) is a hallmark of infections with non-segmented negative-strand rna viruses (order mononegavirales). we show here that nipah virus (niv), a bat-derived highly pathogenic member of the paramyxoviridae family, differs from mononegaviruses of the rhabdo-, filo- and pneumoviridae families by forming two types of ibs with distinct localizations, formation kinetics, and protein compositions. ibs in the perinuclear region form rapidly upon expression of th ... | 2019 | 31034506 |
| infections among contacts of patients with nipah virus, india. | we conducted a serosurvey of 155 healthcare workers and 124 household and community members who had close contact with 18 patients who had laboratory-confirmed nipah virus infections in kerala, india. we detected 3 subclinical infections; 2 persons had igm and igg and 1 only igm against nipah virus. | 2019 | 31002050 |
| using healthcare-seeking behaviour to estimate the number of nipah outbreaks missed by hospital-based surveillance in bangladesh. | understanding the true burden of emergent diseases is critical for assessing public-health impact. however, surveillance often relies on hospital systems that only capture a minority of cases. we use the example of nipah-virus infection in bangladesh, which has a high case-fatality ratio and frequent person-to-person transmission, to demonstrate how healthcare-seeking data can estimate true burden. | 2019 | 30977803 |
| establishment of an immunofluorescence assay to detect igm antibodies to nipah virus using hela cells expressing recombinant nucleoprotein. | a novel indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detection of igm against nipah virus (niv) was developed using hela 229 cells expressing recombinant niv nucleocapsid protein (niv-n). the niv ifat was evaluated using three panels of sera: a) experimentally produced sera from niv-n-immunized/pre-immunized macaques, b) post-infection human sera associated with a nipah disease outbreak in the philippines in 2014, and c) human sera from a non-exposed malaysian population. immunized macaque sera ... | 2019 | 30954461 |
| nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (nipah virus) infection. | emergence of new virus and their heterogeneity are growing at an alarming rate. sudden outburst of nipah virus (niv) has raised serious question about their instant management using conventional medication and diagnostic measures. a coherent strategy with versatility and comprehensive perspective to confront the rising distress could perhaps be effectuated by implementation of nanotechnology. but in concurrent to resourceful and precise execution of nano-based medication, there is an ultimate ne ... | 2019 | 30904587 |
| nipah virus disease: a rare and intractable disease. | nipah virus, an enveloped ribonucleic acid virus, has been a major cause of encephalitis out-breaks with high mortality, primarily in the indo-bangladesh regions. except for the first outbreak in malaysia-singapore, which was related to contact with pigs and the outbreak in philippines associated with horse slaughter, most other outbreaks have affected the indo- bangladesh regions. the indo-bangladesh outbreaks were associated with consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by fruit bats and ... | 2019 | 30881850 |
| a bimolecular multicellular complementation system for the detection of syncytium formation: a new methodology for the identification of nipah virus entry inhibitors. | fusion of viral and cellular membranes is a key step during the viral life cycle. enveloped viruses trigger this process by means of specialized viral proteins expressed on their surface, the so-called viral fusion proteins. there are multiple assays to analyze the viral entry including those that focus on the cell-cell fusion induced by some viral proteins. these methods often rely on the identification of multinucleated cells (syncytium) as a result of cell membrane fusions. in this manuscript ... | 2019 | 30866435 |
| first experience of ribavirin postexposure prophylaxis for nipah virus, tried during the 2018 outbreak in kerala, india. | 2019 | 30851290 | |
| diagnostics for nipah virus: a zoonotic pathogen endemic to southeast asia. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging pathogen that, unlike other priority pathogens identified by who, is endemic to southeast asia. it is most commonly transmitted through exposure to saliva or excrement from the pteropus fruit bat, or direct contact with intermediate animal hosts, such as pigs. niv infection causes severe febrile encephalitic disease and/or respiratory disease; treatment options are limited to supportive care. a number of in-house diagnostic assays for niv using serological and nu ... | 2019 | 30815286 |
| computational identification of inhibitors using qsar approach against nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv) caused several outbreaks in asian countries including the latest one from kerala state of india. there is no drug available against niv till now, despite its urgent requirement. in the current study, we have provided a computational one-stop solution for niv inhibitors. we have developed the first "anti-nipah" web resource, which comprising of a data repository, prediction method, and data visualization module. the database contains of 313 (181 unique) chemicals extracted from ... | 2019 | 30809147 |
| assessment of health facilities for airborne infection control practices and adherence to national airborne infection control guidelines: a study from kerala, southern india. | nosocomial transmission of airborne infections, such as h1n1, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and nipah virus disease, has been reported recently and has been linked to the limited airborne infection control strategies. the objective of the current study was to assess the health facilities for airborne infection control (aic) practices and adherence to the national aic (naic) guidelines, 2010. | 2019 | 31728084 |
| antagonism of stat1 by nipah virus p gene products modulates disease course but not lethal outcome in the ferret model. | nipah virus (niv) is a pathogenic paramyxovirus and zoononis with very high human fatality rates. previous protein over-expression studies have shown that various mutations to the common n-terminal stat1-binding motif of the niv p, v, and w proteins affected the stat1-binding ability of these proteins thus interfering with he jak/stat pathway and reducing their ability to inhibit type-i ifn signaling, but due to differing techniques it was unclear which amino acids were most important in this in ... | 2019 | 31723221 |
| rapid creation of an online discussion space (r/nipah) during a serious disease outbreak: observational study. | during health emergencies, the people within affected communities ask many questions at a time when professional medics and health agencies are overstretched and struggling to cope. our previous research has shown that, during the 2014-2015 west africa ebola crisis, volunteer-moderated online discussion forums were able to provide peer-to-peer reliable, trustworthy, and well-managed information. we speculated that with the right mix of epistemic and experiential knowledge, such a discussion foru ... | 2019 | 31719021 |
| predicting and designing therapeutics against the nipah virus. | despite nipah virus outbreaks having high mortality rates (>70% in southeast asia), there are no licensed drugs against it. in this study, we have considered all 9 nipah proteins as potential therapeutic targets and computationally identified 4 putative peptide inhibitors (against g, f and m proteins) and 146 small molecule inhibitors (against f, g, m, n, and p proteins). the computations include extensive homology/ab initio modeling, peptide design and small molecule docking. an important contr ... | 2019 | 31830030 |
| are the medical interns ready to deal with the treatment, prevention and control of nipah virus infection at the tertiary care hospital? | nipah virus infection is an emerging life threatening zoonotic disease. health care workers are at the highest risk of getting the infection. | 2019 | 31803668 |
| genomic profiling of nipah virus using ngs driven rna-seq expression data. | nipah virus (niv) is an ssrna, enveloped paramyxovirus in the genus henipaveridae with a case fatality rate >70%. we analyzed the ngs rna-seq gene expression data of niv to detect differentially expressed genes (degs) using the statistical r package limma. we used the cytoscape, ensembl, and string tools to construct the gene-gene interaction tree, phylogenetic gene tree and protein-protein interaction networks towards functional annotation. we identified 2707 degs (p-value <0.05) among 54359 ni ... | 2019 | 32256005 |
| henipavirus-like particles induce a cd8 t cell response in c57bl/6 mice. | nipah virus (niv), a bsl-4 pathogen, belongs to the genus henipavirus within the family paramyxoviridae. to date, no effective vaccine is available. although most of the current vaccine studies aim to induce a neutralizing antibody response, it has become evident that a promising vaccine should target both, humoral and cell-mediated immune response. virus-like particles (vlps) have been shown to activate both arms of the adaptive immune response. in our study, vlps composed of the niv surface gl ... | 2019 | 31561922 |
| henipavirus infection of the central nervous system. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses of the genus henipavirus, family paramyxoviridae. these viruses were first identified as the causative agents of severe respiratory and encephalitic disease in the 1990s across australia and southern asia with mortality rates reaching up to 75%. while outbreaks of nipah and hendra virus infections remain rare and sporadic, there is concern that niv has pandemic potential. despite increased attention, little is understood a ... | 2019 | 30985897 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccines for who blueprint priority pathogens. | the devastating ebola virus (ebov) outbreak in west africa in 2013-2016 has flagged the need for the timely development of vaccines for high-threat pathogens. to be better prepared for new epidemics, the who has compiled a list of priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which r&d efforts are, therefore, paramount (r&d blueprint: https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/ ). to this end, the detailed characterization of vaccine platforms is needed. the vesicu ... | 2019 | 31368826 |
| nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses via aerosol-generating medical procedures. | recent nosocomial transmission events of emerging and re-emerging viruses, including ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, nipah virus, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, have highlighted the risk of nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses in health-care settings. in particular, concerns and precautions have increased regarding the use of aerosol-generating medical procedures when treating patients with such viral infections. in spite of increasing asso ... | 2019 | 31614743 |
| dose-response and transmission: the nexus between reservoir hosts, environment and recipient hosts. | dose is the nexus between exposure and all upstream processes that determine pathogen pressure, and is thereby an important element underlying disease dynamics. understanding the relationship between dose and disease is particularly important in the context of spillover, where nonlinearities in the dose-response could determine the likelihood of transmission. there is a need to explore dose-response models for directly transmitted and zoonotic pathogens, and how these interactions integrate with ... | 2019 | 31401955 |
| isolation and full-genome characterization of nipah viruses from bats, bangladesh. | despite molecular and serologic evidence of nipah virus in bats from various locations, attempts to isolate live virus have been largely unsuccessful. we report isolation and full-genome characterization of 10 nipah virus isolates from pteropus medius bats sampled in bangladesh during 2013 and 2014. | 2019 | 30561301 |
| a single-dose chadox1-vectored vaccine provides complete protection against nipah bangladesh and malaysia in syrian golden hamsters. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic re-emerging virus that causes outbreaks in south east asia. currently, no approved and licensed vaccine or antivirals exist. here, we investigated the efficacy of chadox1 nivb, a simian adenovirus-based vaccine encoding niv glycoprotein (g) bangladesh, in syrian hamsters. prime-only as well as prime-boost vaccination resulted in uniform protection against a lethal challenge with niv bangladesh: all animals survived challenge and we were unable to find inf ... | 2019 | 31170144 |
| differential innate immune responses elicited by nipah virus and cedar virus correlate with disparate in vivo pathogenesis in hamsters. | syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) are a pathogenesis model for the nipah virus (niv), and we sought to determine if they are also susceptible to the cedar virus (cedpv). following intranasal inoculation with cedpv, virus replication occurred in the lungs and spleens of infected hamsters, a neutralizing antibody was produced in some hamsters within 8 days post-challenge, and no conspicuous signs of disease occurred. cedpv replicated to a similar magnitude as niv-bangladesh in type i ifn-defi ... | 2019 | 30909389 |
| prioritizing surveillance of nipah virus in india. | the 2018 outbreak of nipah virus in kerala, india, highlights the need for global surveillance of henipaviruses in bats, which are the reservoir hosts for this and other viruses. nipah virus, an emerging paramyxovirus in the genus henipavirus, causes severe disease and stuttering chains of transmission in humans and is considered a potential pandemic threat. in may 2018, an outbreak of nipah virus began in kerala, > 1800 km from the sites of previous outbreaks in eastern india in 2001 and 2007. ... | 2019 | 31246966 |
| emerging trends of nipah virus: a review. | since emergence of the nipah virus (niv) in 1998 from malaysia, the niv virus has reappeared on different occasions causing severe infections in human population associated with high rate of mortality. niv has been placed along with hendra virus in genus henipavirus of family paramyxoviridae. fruit bats (genus pteropus) are known to be natural host and reservoir of niv. during the outbreaks from malaysia and singapore, the roles of pigs as intermediate host were confirmed. the infection transmit ... | 2019 | 30251294 |
| tetherin inhibits nipah virus but not ebola virus replication in fruit bat cells. | ebola virus (ebov) and nipah virus (niv) infection of humans can cause fatal disease and constitutes a public health threat. in contrast, ebov and niv infection of fruit bats, the putative (ebov) or proven (niv) natural reservoir, is not associated with disease, and it is currently unknown how these animals control the virus. the human interferon (ifn)-stimulated antiviral effector protein tetherin (cd317, bst-2) blocks release of ebov- and niv-like particles from cells and is counteracted by th ... | 2019 | 30429347 |
| vaccine development for nipah virus infection in pigs. | nipah virus (niv) causes a severe and often fatal neurological disease in humans. whilst fruit bats are considered the natural reservoir, niv also infects pigs and may cause an unapparent or mild disease. direct pig-to-human transmission was responsible for the first and still most devastating niv outbreaks in malaysia and singapore in 1998-99, with nearly 300 human cases and over 100 fatalities. pigs can therefore play a key role in the epidemiology of niv by acting as an "amplifying" host. the ... | 2019 | 30778392 |
| viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans. | in the last two decades, several high impact zoonotic disease outbreaks have been linked to bat-borne viruses. these include sars coronavirus, hendra virus and nipah virus. in addition, it has been suspected that ebolaviruses and mers coronavirus are also linked to bats. it is being increasingly accepted that bats are potential reservoirs of a large number of known and unknown viruses, many of which could spillover into animal and human populations. however, our knowledge into basic bat biology ... | 2019 | 30665189 |
| analysis of codon usage patterns and influencing factors in nipah virus. | codon usage bias (cub) is the unequal usage of synonymous codons of an amino acid in which some codons are used more often than others and is widely used in understanding molecular biology, genetics, and functional regulation of gene expression. nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal disease in both humans and animals. niv was first identified during an outbreak of a disease in malaysia in 1998 and then occurred periodically since 2001 in india, bangladesh, and ... | 2019 | 30664908 |
| adaptive immune responses in humans during nipah virus acute and convalescent phases of infection. | nipah virus (niv) is 1 of 10 potential causes of imminent public health emergencies of international concern. we investigated the niv outbreak that occurred in may 2018 in kerala, india. here we describe the longitudinal characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to niv infection during the acute and convalescent phases in 2 human survivors. | 2019 | 30615097 |
| evidence of exposure to henipaviruses in domestic pigs in uganda. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), belonging to the genus henipavirus, are among the most pathogenic of viruses in humans. old world fruit bats (family pteropodidae) are the natural reservoir hosts. molecular and serological studies found evidence of henipavirus infection in fruit bats from several african countries. however, little is known about the potential for spillover into domestic animals in east africa, particularly pigs, which served as amplifying hosts during the first outbreak ... | 2019 | 30576076 |
| cepi: driving progress toward epidemic preparedness and response. | the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) was formed in the aftermath of the 2014-2015 ebola outbreak in west africa to support the development of vaccines that could improve the world's preparedness against outbreaks of epidemic infectious diseases. since its launch in 2017, cepi has mobilized more than us$750 million to support its mission to develop vaccines against agents such as lassa virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and nipah virus, as well as several r ... | 2019 | 31673694 |
| establishment of an rna polymerase ii-driven reverse genetics system for nipah virus strains from malaysia and bangladesh. | nipah virus (niv) has emerged as a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that is capable of causing a febrile encephalitis and/or respiratory disease in humans for which no vaccines or licensed treatments are currently available. there are two genetically and geographically distinct lineages of niv: niv-malaysia (niv-m), the strain that caused the initial outbreak in malaysia, and niv-bangladesh (niv-b), the strain that has been implicated in subsequent outbreaks in india and bangladesh. niv-b ap ... | 2019 | 31371748 |
| nipah virus: a narrative review of viral characteristics and epidemiological determinants. | the objectives of this article are to highlight the properties of the nipah virus (niv) and discuss its epidemiological determinants. | 2019 | 31261032 |
| nipah virus - the rising epidemic: a review. | the nipah virus was discovered twenty years ago, and there is considerable information available regarding the specificities surrounding this virus such as transmission, pathogenesis and genome. belonging to the henipavirus genus, this virus can cause fever, encephalitis and respiratory disorders. the first cases were reported in malaysia and singapore in 1998, when affected individuals presented with severe febrile encephalitis. since then, much has been identified about this virus. these singl ... | 2019 | 31205033 |
| transmission of nipah virus - 14 years of investigations in bangladesh. | nipah virus is a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted between humans. understanding the dynamics of person-to-person transmission is key to designing effective interventions. | 2019 | 31067370 |
| rabies-based vaccine induces potent immune responses against nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv) is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen in the genus henipavirus of the paramyxoviridae family of viruses. niv is endemic to bangladesh and malaysia and is highly fatal to both livestock and humans (human case fatality rate = 74.5%). currently, there is no approved vaccine against niv on the market. the goal of this study was to use a recombinant rabv vector expressing niv glycoprotein (niv g) to develop a bivalent candidate vaccine against niv disease and rabies virus (rabv) diseas ... | 2019 | 31016033 |
| pteropus lylei primarily forages in residential areas in kandal, cambodia. | bats are the second most species-rich mammalian order and provide a wide range of ecologically important and economically significant ecosystem services. nipah virus is a zoonotic emerging infectious disease for which pteropodid bats have been identified as a natural reservoir. in cambodia, nipah virus circulation has been reported in pteropus lylei, but little is known about the spatial distribution of the species and the associated implications for conservation and public health.we deployed gl ... | 2019 | 31015997 |
| nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies - a comprehensive review. | nipah (nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by nipah virus (niv), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus henipavirus of the family paramyxoviridae. it is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. the disease was reported for the first time from the kampung sungai nipah village of malaysia in 1998. human-to-human transmission also occurs. outbreaks have been reported also from other co ... | 2019 | 31006350 |
| nipah virus sequences from humans and bats during nipah outbreak, kerala, india, 2018. | we retrieved nipah virus (niv) sequences from 4 human and 3 fruit bat (pteropus medius) samples from a 2018 outbreak in kerala, india. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that niv from humans was 96.15% similar to a bangladesh strain but 99.7%-100% similar to virus from pteropus spp. bats, indicating bats were the source of the outbreak. | 2019 | 31002049 |
| construction of the safe neutralizing assay system using pseudotyped nipah virus and g protein-specific monoclonal antibody. | nipah virus (niv) is a recently emerged paramyxovirus that causes acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in a broad spectrum of vertebrates, including humans. due to its high pathogenicity and mortality rates, niv requires handling in biosafety level-4 (bsl-4) containment facilities and no effective vaccines or therapeutic agents are currently available. since current diagnostic tests for detecting serum neutralizing antibodies against niv mainly employ live viruses, establishment of m ... | 2019 | 30995971 |
| henipaviruses at the interface between bats, livestock and human population in africa. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are closely related members within the genus henipavirus, family paramyxoviridae, for which fruit bats serve as the reservoir. the initial emergence of niv infections in pigs and humans in malaysia, and hev infections in horses and humans in australia, posed severe impacts on human and animal health, and continues threatening lives of humans and livestock within southeast asia and australia. recently, henipavirus-specific antibodies have also been detecte ... | 2019 | 30985268 |
| nipah virus infection: a review. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging bat-borne pathogen. it was first identified 20 years ago in malaysia and has since caused outbreaks in other parts of south and southeast asia. it causes severe neurological and respiratory disease which is highly lethal. it is highly infectious and spreads in the community through infected animals or other infected people. different strains of the virus show differing clinical and epidemiological features. rapid diagnosis and implementation of infection control ... | 2019 | 30869046 |
| nipah pseudovirus system enables evaluation of vaccines in vitro and in vivo using non-bsl-4 facilities. | because of its high infectivity in humans and the lack of effective vaccines, nipah virus is classified as a category c agent and handling has to be performed under biosafety level 4 conditions in non-endemic countries, which has hindered the development of vaccines. based on a highly efficient pseudovirus production system using a modified hiv backbone vector, a pseudovirus-based mouse model has been developed for evaluating the efficacy of nipah vaccines in biosafety level 2 facilities. for th ... | 2019 | 30866781 |
| a spatial assessment of nipah virus transmission in thailand pig farms using multi-criteria decision analysis. | thailand's central plain is identified as a contact zone between pigs and flying foxes, representing a potential zoonotic risk. nipah virus (niv) has been reported in flying foxes in thailand, but it has never been found in pigs or humans. an assessment of the suitability of niv transmission at the spatial and farm level would be useful for disease surveillance and prevention. multi-criteria decision analysis (mcda), a knowledge-driven model, was used to map contact zones between local epizootic ... | 2019 | 30832676 |
| ictv virus taxonomy profile: paramyxoviridae. | the family paramyxoviridae consists of large enveloped rna viruses infecting mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. many paramyxoviruses are host-specific and several, such as measles virus, mumps virus, nipah virus, hendra virus and several parainfluenza viruses, are pathogenic for humans. the transmission of paramyxoviruses is horizontal, mainly through airborne routes; no vectors are known. this is a summary of the current international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) report on the family ... | 2019 | 31609197 |
| an antibody against the f glycoprotein inhibits nipah and hendra virus infections. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are zoonotic henipaviruses (hnvs) responsible for outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory illness with fatality rates of 50-100%. no vaccines or licensed therapeutics currently exist to protect humans against niv or hev. hnvs enter host cells by fusing the viral and cellular membranes via the concerted action of the attachment (g) and fusion (f) glycoproteins, the main targets of the humoral immune response. here, we describe the isolation and humanizat ... | 2019 | 31570878 |
| from four-way linking to a one health platform in egypt: institutionalisation of a multidisciplinary and multisectoral one health system. | the convergence of humans, animals and our shared environment results in a dynamic in which the health of each group is inextricably linked. taking into account the fact that the majority of emerging pathogens (e.g. highly pathogenic avian influenza [hpai], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, nipah virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic diseases, egypt has established a national one health coordination mechanism. the primary purpose of this mechanism is to p ... | 2019 | 31564724 |
| nipah virus-like particle egress is modulated by cytoskeletal and vesicular trafficking pathways: a validated particle proteomics analysis. | classified as a biosafety level 4 (bsl4) select agent, nipah virus (niv) is a deadly henipavirus in the paramyxoviridae family, with a nearly 75% mortality rate in humans, underscoring its global and animal health importance. elucidating the process of viral particle production in host cells is imperative both for targeted drug design and viral particle-based vaccine development. however, little is understood concerning the functions of cellular machinery in paramyxoviral and henipaviral assembl ... | 2019 | 31551400 |
| optimization and diagnostic evaluation of monoclonal antibody-based blocking elisa formats for detection of neutralizing antibodies to hendra virus in mammalian sera. | maintenance of hendra virus (hev) in pteropid bat populations has been associated with spillover events in horses, humans and dogs. experimental studies have demonstrated infections for several other species including guinea pigs, cats and ferrets. the criteria of a sensitive and specific serological test that is effective for a range of species, but which does not require use of live virus, has not been satisfactorily addressed by currently available tests. we have evaluated the use of two hev ... | 2019 | 31513861 |
| strategic development of a next-generation multi-epitope vaccine to prevent nipah virus zoonotic infection. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, reported for the recent severe outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory illness in humans and animals, respectively. many antiviral drugs have been discovered to inhibit this pathogen, but none of them were that much efficient. to overcome the complications associated with this severe pathogenic virus, we have designed a multi-epitope subunit vaccine using computational immunology strategies. identification of structural and nonstructural prot ... | 2019 | 31460434 |
| nipah virus persists in the brains of nonhuman primate survivors. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes highly lethal henipavirus encephalitis in humans. survivors develop various neurologic sequelae, including late-onset and relapsing encephalitis, several months up to several years following initial infection. however, the underlying pathology and disease mechanisms of persistent neurologic complications remain unknown. here, we demonstrate persistent niv infection in the brains of grivets that survived experimental exposure to ... | 2019 | 31341108 |
| peripheral immune response in the african green monkey model following nipah-malaysia virus exposure by intermediate-size particle aerosol. | the ability to appropriately mimic human disease is critical for using animal models as a tool for understanding virus pathogenesis. in the case of nipah virus (niv), infection of humans appears to occur either through inhalation, contact with or consumption of infected material. in two of these circumstances, respiratory or sinusoidal exposure represents a likely route of infection. in this study, intermediate-size aerosol particles (~7 μm) of niv-malaysia were used to mimic potential routes of ... | 2019 | 31166946 |
| analysis of nipah virus codon usage and adaptation to hosts. | a recent outbreak of nipah virus (niv) in india has caused 17 deaths in people living in districts of kerala state. its zoonotic nature, as well as high rate of human-to-human transmission, has led researchers worldwide to work toward understanding the different aspects of the niv. we performed a codon usage analysis, based on publicly available nucleotide sequences of niv and its host adaptation, along with other members of the henipavirus genus in ten hosts. niv genome encodes nine open readin ... | 2019 | 31156564 |
| remdesivir (gs-5734) protects african green monkeys from nipah virus challenge. | nipah virus is an emerging pathogen in the paramyxoviridae family. upon transmission of nipah virus from its natural reservoir, pteropus spp. fruit bats, to humans, it causes respiratory and neurological disease with a case-fatality rate about 70%. human-to-human transmission has been observed during nipah virus outbreaks in bangladesh and india. a therapeutic treatment for nipah virus disease is urgently needed. here, we tested the efficacy of remdesivir (gs-5734), a broad-acting antiviral nucl ... | 2019 | 31142680 |
| use of single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine to protect nonhuman primates against lethal nipah virus disease. | nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (cfrs) in humans. two niv strains have caused outbreaks: the malaysia strain (nivm), discovered in 1998-1999 in malaysia and singapore (≈40% cfr); and the bangladesh strain (nivb), discovered in bangladesh and india in 2001 (≈80% cfr). recently, nivb in african green monkeys resulted in a more severe and lethal disease than nivm. no niv vaccines or treatments are licensed for human use. we assessed replication-restrict ... | 2019 | 31107231 |
| a soluble version of nipah virus glycoprotein g delivered by vaccinia virus mva activates specific cd8 and cd4 t cells in mice. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging zoonotic virus that is transmitted by bats to humans and to pigs, causing severe respiratory disease and often fatal encephalitis. antibodies directed against the niv-glycoprotein (g) protein are known to play a major role in clearing niv infection and in providing vaccine-induced protective immunity. more recently, t cells have been also shown to be involved in recovery from niv infection. so far, relatively little is known about the role of t cell responses and ... | 2019 | 31878180 |
| survival and persistence of nipah virus in blood and tissue culture media. | nipah virus (niv) infection is a newly emerging zoonosis that causes severe disease in humans. nipah virus is one of the lesser studied of the who emerging pathogens for which research is a priority. survival and persistence data is important for risk management and understanding the hazard of the virus for laboratory and health care workers that may work with the virus and we present some initial findings on the survival of nipah virus in blood and tissue culture media under different condition ... | 2019 | 31823683 |
| a structural basis for antibody-mediated neutralization of nipah virus reveals a site of vulnerability at the fusion glycoprotein apex. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes frequent outbreaks of severe neurologic and respiratory disease in humans with high case fatality rates. the 2 glycoproteins displayed on the surface of the virus, niv-g and niv-f, mediate host-cell attachment and membrane fusion, respectively, and are targets of the host antibody response. here, we provide a molecular basis for neutralization of niv through antibody-mediated targeting of niv-f. structural characterization of a n ... | 2019 | 31767754 |
| etiology of central nervous system infections in a rural area of nepal using molecular approaches. | the etiology of infections of the central nervous system (cns) in nepal often remains unrecognized because of underdeveloped laboratory facilities. the aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of cns infections in a rural area of nepal using molecular methods. from november 2014 to february 2016, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was collected from 176 consecutive patients presenting at united mission hospital in tansen, nepal, with symptoms of possible cns infection. after the csf samples were ... | 2019 | 31162021 |
| rapid and specific detection of all known nipah virus strains' sequences with reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. niv is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent, not only because of its relatively high case fatality rate, but also because there is no vaccine or other medical countermeasures and it appears to be transmitted by fomites/particulates. the development of rapid detection assay for niv is of great importance because no effective field test is currently available. in this study, an iso ... | 2019 | 30915049 |
| position paper on road map for rna virus research in india. | the indian subcontinent with its population density, climatic conditions, means of subsistence, socioeconomic factors as well as travel and tourism presents a fertile ground for thriving of rna viruses. despite being pathogens of huge significance, there is very little focus on research into the biology and pathogenesis of rna viruses in india. studies on epidemiology and disease burden, risk factors, the immune response to rna viruses, circulating virus strains and virus evolution, animal model ... | 2018 | 30131779 |
| world health organization methodology to prioritize emerging infectious diseases in need of research and development. | the world health organization r&d blueprint aims to accelerate the availability of medical technologies during epidemics by focusing on a list of prioritized emerging diseases for which medical countermeasures are insufficient or nonexistent. the prioritization process has 3 components: a delphi process to narrow down a list of potential priority diseases, a multicriteria decision analysis to rank the short list of diseases, and a final delphi round to arrive at a final list of 10 diseases. a gr ... | 2018 | 30124424 |
| nipah virus contamination of hospital surfaces during outbreaks, bangladesh, 2013-2014. | nipah virus (niv) has been transmitted from patient to caregivers in bangladesh presumably through oral secretions. we aimed to detect whether niv-infected patients contaminate hospital surfaces with the virus. during december 2013-april 2014, we collected 1 swab sample from 5 surfaces near niv-infected patients and tested surface and oral swab samples by real-time reverse transcription pcr for niv rna. we identified 16 nipah patients; 12 cases were laboratory-confirmed and 4 probable. of the 12 ... | 2018 | 29260663 |
| proteomic composition of nipah virus-like particles. | virions are often described as virus-only entities with no cellular components with the exception of the lipids in their membranes. however, advances in proteomics are revealing substantial amounts of host proteins in the viral particles. in the case of nipah virus (niv), the viral components in the virion have been known for some time. nonetheless, no information has been obtained regarding the cellular proteins in the viral particles. to address this question, we produced virus-like particles ... | 2018 | 29092793 |
| rescue and characterization of recombinant cedar virus, a non-pathogenic henipavirus species. | hendra virus and nipah virus are zoonotic viruses that have caused severe to fatal disease in livestock and human populations. the isolation of cedar virus, a non-pathogenic virus species in the genus henipavirus, closely-related to the highly pathogenic hendra virus and nipah virus offers an opportunity to investigate differences in pathogenesis and receptor tropism among these viruses. | 2018 | 29587789 |
| susceptibility of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses to inhibition by 2'-monofluoro- and 2'-difluoro-4'-azidocytidine analogs. | ebolaviruses, marburgviruses, and henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens belonging to the filoviridae and paramyxoviridae families. they exemplify viruses that continue to spill over into the human population, causing outbreaks characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors of infection. there are currently no approved small molecule therapeutics for use in humans against these viruses. in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the nucleoside analog 4'-a ... | 2018 | 29601894 |
| fusion inhibitory lipopeptides engineered for prophylaxis of nipah virus in primates. | the emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus nipah virus (niv) causes severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans, with high fatality rates. niv can be transmitted via person-to-person contact, posing a high risk for epidemic outbreaks. however, a broadly applicable approach for human niv outbreaks in field settings is lacking. | 2018 | 29566184 |
| survival of viral pathogens in animal feed ingredients under transboundary shipping models. | the goal of this study was to evaluate survival of important viral pathogens of livestock in animal feed ingredients imported daily into the united states under simulated transboundary conditions. eleven viruses were selected based on global significance and impact to the livestock industry, including foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), influenza a virus of swine (iav-s), pseudorabies virus (prv), nipah virus (niv), porcine r ... | 2018 | 29558524 |
| development of a reverse genetics system for sosuga virus allows rapid screening of antiviral compounds. | sosuga virus (sosv) is a recently discovered zoonotic paramyxovirus isolated from a single human case in 2012; it has been ecologically and epidemiologically associated with transmission by the egyptian rousette bat (rousettus aegyptiacus). bats have long been recognized as sources of novel zoonotic pathogens, including highly lethal paramyxoviruses like nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev). the ability of sosv to cause severe human disease supports the need for studies on sosv pathogenesis ... | 2018 | 29522528 |
| disruption of the blood brain barrier is vital property of neurotropic viral infection of the central nervous system. | the blood brain barrier consisting of astrocytes, pericytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses by controlling the access of circulating molecules, immune cells or viruses into the central nervous system (cns). however, this barrier is not impenetrable and neuroviruses have evolved to disrupt and evade it. this review aims to describe the underlying entry mechanisms of several neuroviruses such as (japanese encephalitis virus (j ... | 2018 | 29521099 |
| domesticated animals as hosts of henipaviruses and filoviruses: a systematic review. | bat-borne viruses carry undeniable risks to the health of human beings and animals, and there is growing recognition of the need for a 'one health' approach to understand their frequently complex spill-over routes. while domesticated animals can play central roles in major spill-over events of zoonotic bat-borne viruses, for example during the pig-amplified malaysian nipah virus outbreak of 1998-1999, the extent of their potential to act as bridging or amplifying species for these viruses has no ... | 2018 | 29486875 |
| the unstructured paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein tail domain modulates viral pathogenesis through regulation of transcriptase activity. | the paramyxovirus replication machinery comprises the viral large (l) protein and phosphoprotein (p-protein) in addition to the nucleocapsid (n) protein, which encapsidates the single-stranded rna genome. common to paramyxovirus n proteins is a c-terminal tail (ntail). the mechanistic role and relevance for virus replication of the structurally disordered central ntail section are unknown. focusing initially on members of themorbillivirusgenus, a series of measles virus (mev) and canine distempe ... | 2018 | 29437959 |
| initiation, extension, and termination of rna synthesis by a paramyxovirus polymerase. | paramyxoviruses represent a family of rna viruses causing significant human diseases. these include measles virus, the most infectious virus ever reported, in addition to parainfluenza virus, and other emerging viruses. paramyxoviruses likely share common replication machinery but their mechanisms of rna biosynthesis activities and details of their complex polymerase structures are unknown. mechanistic and functional details of a paramyxovirus polymerase would have sweeping implications for unde ... | 2018 | 29425244 |
| paramyxovirus v proteins interact with the rig-i/trim25 regulatory complex and inhibit rig-i signaling. | paramyxovirus v proteins are known antagonists of the rig-i-like receptor (rlr)-mediated interferon induction pathway, interacting with and inhibiting the rlr mda5. we report interactions between the nipah virus v protein and both rig-i regulatory protein trim25 and rig-i. we also observed interactions between these host proteins and the v proteins of measles virus, sendai virus, and parainfluenza virus. these interactions are mediated by the conserved c-terminal domain of the v protein, which b ... | 2018 | 29321315 |
| aerosol exposure to intermediate size nipah virus particles induces neurological disease in african green monkeys. | nipah virus (niv) infection can lead to severe respiratory or neurological disease in humans. transmission of niv has been shown to occur through contact with virus contaminated fomites or consumption of contaminated food. previous results using the african green monkey (agm) model of niv infection identified aspects of infection that, while similar to humans, don't fully recapitulate disease. previous studies also demonstrate near uniform lethality that is not consistent with human niv infectio ... | 2018 | 30462637 |
| nipah virus infection of immature dendritic cells increases its transendothelial migration across human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | nipah virus (niv) can infect multiple organs in humans with the central nervous system (cns) being the most severely affected. currently, it is not fully understood how niv spreads throughout the body. niv has been shown to infect certain leukocyte populations and we hypothesized that these infected cells could cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb), facilitating niv entry into the cns. here, three leukocyte types, primary immature dendritic cells (idc), primary monocytes (pmo), and monocytic cell ... | 2018 | 30483242 |
| epidemics and peptide vaccine response: a brief review. | we briefly review the situations arising out of epidemics that erupt rather suddenly, threatening life and livelihoods of humans. ebola, zika and the nipah virus outbreaks are recent examples where the viral epidemics have led to considerably high degree of fatalities or debilitating consequences. the problems are accentuated by a lack of drugs or vaccines effective against the new and emergent viruses, and the inordinate amount of temporal and financial resources that are required to combat the ... | 2018 | 30417788 |
| the interaction between the nipah virus nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein regulates virus replication. | continued outbreaks of henipaviruses in south asia and australia cause severe and lethal disease in both humans and animals. together, with evidence of human to human transmission for nipah virus and the lack of preventative or therapeutic measures, its threat to cause a widespread outbreak and its potential for weaponization has increased. in this study we demonstrate how overexpression of the nipah virus nucleocapsid protein regulates viral polymerase activity and viral rna production. by over ... | 2018 | 30375468 |
| the main risk factors of nipah disease and its risk analysis in china. | nipah disease is a highly fatal zoonosis which is caused by the nipah virus. the nipah virus is a bsl-4 virus with fruit bats being its natural host. it is mainly prevalent in southeast asia. the virus was first discovered in 1997 in negeri sembilan, malaysia. currently, it is mainly harmful to pigs and humans with a high mortality rate. this study describes the route of transmission of the nipah virus in different countries and analyzes the possibility of the primary disease being in china and ... | 2018 | 30347642 |
| phylogeography, transmission, and viral proteins of nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv), a zoonotic paramyxovirus belonging to the genus henipavirus, is classified as a biosafety level-4 pathogen based on its high pathogenicity in humans and the lack of available vaccines or therapeutics. since its initial emergence in 1998 in malaysia, this virus has become a great threat to domestic animals and humans. sporadic outbreaks and person-to-person transmission over the past two decades have resulted in hundreds of human fatalities. epidemiological surveys have shown t ... | 2018 | 30311101 |
| changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses. | old world fruit bats (chiroptera: pteropodidae) provide critical pollination and seed dispersal services to forest ecosystems across africa, asia, and australia. in each of these regions, pteropodids have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. the genus henipavirus includes hendra virus and nipah virus, which regularly spill over from bats to domestic animals and humans in australia and asia, and a suite of largely uncharacterized african henipaviruses. rapid change in fru ... | 2018 | 30138535 |
| development of a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the quantitative detection of nipah virus replicative viral rna. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that can result in severe pulmonary disease and fatal encephalitis in humans and is responsible for outbreaks in bangladesh, malaysia, singapore, india and possibly the philippines. niv has a negative-sense rna genome that contains six genes and serves as a template for production of viral mrna transcripts. niv mrna transcripts are subsequently translated into viral proteins. traditionally, niv quantitative real-time reverse transcr ... | 2018 | 29920552 |
| experimental infection of syrian hamsters with aerosolized nipah virus. | nipah virus (niv) is a paramyxovirus (genus henipavirus) that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. transmission occurs through consumption of niv-contaminated foods, and contact with niv-infected animals or human body fluids. however, it is unclear whether aerosols derived from aforesaid sources or others also contribute to transmission, and current knowledge on niv-induced pathogenicity after small-particle aerosol exposure is still limited. | 2018 | 29912426 |
| possible role of the nipah virus v protein in the regulation of the interferon beta induction by interacting with ubx domain-containing protein1. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes lethal encephalitis in humans. we previously reported that the v protein, one of the three accessory proteins encoded by the p gene, is one of the key determinants of the pathogenesis of niv in a hamster infection model. satterfield b.a. et al. have also revealed that v protein is required for the pathogenicity of henipavirus in a ferret infection model. however, the complete functions of niv v have not been clarified. in this st ... | 2018 | 29769705 |
| favipiravir (t-705) protects against nipah virus infection in the hamster model. | nipah and hendra viruses are recently emerged bat-borne paramyxoviruses (genus henipavirus) causing severe encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans with fatality rates ranging from 40-75%. despite the severe pathogenicity of these viruses and their pandemic potential, no therapeutics or vaccines are currently approved for use in humans. favipiravir (t-705) is a purine analogue antiviral approved for use in japan against emerging influenza strains; and several phase 2 and 3 clinical trials ... | 2018 | 29765101 |
| indirect elisa based on hendra and nipah virus proteins for the detection of henipavirus specific antibodies in pigs. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) belong to the genus henipavirus in the family paramyxoviridae. henipavirus infections were first reported in the 1990's causing severe and often fatal outbreaks in domestic animals and humans in southeast asia and australia. niv infections were observed in humans in bangladesh, india and in the first outbreak in malaysia, where pigs were also infected. hev infections occurred in horses in the north-eastern regions of australia, with singular transmission ... | 2018 | 29708971 |
| formation of high-order oligomers is required for functional bioactivity of an african bat henipavirus surface glycoprotein. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are highly pathogenic henipaviruses originating from fruit bats in australia and asia that can cause severe infections in livestock and humans. in recent years, also african bat henipaviruses were identified at the nucleic acid level. to assess their potential to replicate in non-bat species, several studies were performed to characterize the two surface glycoproteins required for virus entry and spread by cell-cell fusion. it has been shown that surface ... | 2018 | 29685227 |
| nipah virus infection. | nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to hendra virus, first emerged in malaysia in 1998. clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. malaysia has had no more cases since 1999, but outbreaks continue to occur in bangladesh and india. in the malaysia-singapore outbreak, transmission occurred primarily through contact with pigs, whereas in bangladesh and india, it is associated with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. bats are ... | 2018 | 29643201 |
| linkages between chiropteran diversity and ecosystem services for sustainable fragmented forest conservation. | this data article informs about chiropteran diversity, new records, ecosystem services and possible pathogen carriers in fragmented forests (sub-divided by utility corridors, man-made structures, untouched and secondary plantations) within districts setiu (setiu research station), hulu terengganu (saok and lasir waterfalls) and besut (gunung tebu forest reserve) of state terengganu, peninsular malaysia. these bats were captured using harp traps and mist nets that were set 10 m apart across flywa ... | 2018 | 30533456 |
| circulation of nipah virus in pteropus giganteus bats in northeast region of india, 2015. | 2018 | 29923524 | |
| generation of therapeutic antisera for emerging viral infections. | the recent ebola virus outbreak has highlighted the therapeutic potential of antisera and renewed interest in this treatment approach. while human convalescent sera may not be readily available in the early stages of an outbreak, antisera of animal origin can be produced in a short time frame. here, we compared adjuvanted virus-like particles (vlp) with recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), both expressing the ebola virus antigens. the neutralizing anti ... | 2018 | 30323953 |