Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| influenza a virus upregulates prpf8 gene expression to increase virus production. | a ddrt-pcr analysis was performed to detect cellular genes that are differentially expressed after influenza a virus (h1n1) infection of a549 cells. after ddrt-pcr, eight dna fragments were identified. prpf8, one of the cellular genes that were upregulated after virus infection, was further analyzed since it has previously been identified as a cellular factor required for influenza virus replication. the upregulation of prpf8 gene expression after viral infection was confirmed using real-time rt ... | 2017 | 28110426 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for detection and differentiation of avian-origin canine h3n2, equine-origin h3n8, human-origin h3n2, and h1n1/2009 canine influenza viruses. | virological and serological surveys have documented that h1n1/2009, avian-origin canine h3n2 (ch3n2), seasonal human-origin h3n2 (hh3n2), and equine-origin h3n8 influenza viruses are consistently circulating in dogs. in the present study, a multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of these influenza viruses. four primer sets were designed to target the hemagglutinin genes of h1n1/2009, ch3n2, hh3n2, and ... | 2017 | 28107507 |
| pathogenicity of modified bat influenza virus with different m genes and its reassortment potential with swine influenza a virus. | in our previous studies the reassortant virus containing only the pr8 h1n1 matrix (m) gene in the background of the modified bat influenza bat09:mh1mn1 virus could be generated. however, whether m genes from other origins can be rescued in the background of the bat09:mh1mn1 virus and whether the resulting novel reassortant virus is virulent remain unknown. herein, two reassortant viruses were generated in the background of the bat09:mh1mn1 virus containing either a north american or a eurasian s ... | 2017 | 28100299 |
| radix isatidis polysaccharides inhibit influenza a virus and influenza a virus-induced inflammation via suppression of host tlr3 signaling in vitro. | influenza remains one of the major epidemic diseases worldwide, and rapid virus replication and collateral lung tissue damage caused by excessive pro-inflammatory host immune cell responses lead to high mortality rates. thus, novel therapeutic agents that control influenza a virus (iav) propagation and attenuate excessive pro-inflammatory responses are needed. polysaccharide extract from radix isatidis, a traditional chinese herbal medicine, exerted potent anti-iav activity against human seasona ... | 2017 | 28085062 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in the netherlands from 2003/2004 through 2013/2014: the importance of circulating influenza virus types and subtypes. | influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) varies over different influenza seasons and virus (sub)types/lineages. to assess the association between ive and circulating influenza virus (sub)types/lineages, we estimated the overall and (sub)type specific ive in the netherlands. we conducted a test-negative case control study among subjects with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory tract infection consulting the sentinel practices over 11 influenza seasons (2003/2004 through 2013/2014) in the net ... | 2017 | 28068386 |
| intranasal immunization using mannatide as a novel adjuvant for an inactivated influenza vaccine and its adjuvant effect compared with mf59. | intranasal vaccination is more potent than parenteral injection for the prevention of influenza. however, because the poor efficiency of antigen uptake across the nasal mucosa is a key issue, immunostimulatory adjuvants are essential for intranasal vaccines. the immunomodulator mannatide or polyactin (pa) has been used for the clinical treatment of impaired immunity in china, but its adjuvant effect on an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (itiv) via intranasal vaccination is unclear. to ex ... | 2017 | 28052136 |
| recent h3n2 viruses have evolved specificity for extended, branched human-type receptors, conferring potential for increased avidity. | human and avian influenza viruses recognize different sialic acid-containing receptors, referred to as human-type (neuacα2-6gal) and avian-type (neuacα2-3gal), respectively. this presents a species barrier for aerosol droplet transmission of avian viruses in humans and ferrets. recent reports have suggested that current human h3n2 viruses no longer have strict specificity toward human-type receptors. using an influenza receptor glycan microarray with extended airway glycans, we find that h3n2 vi ... | 2017 | 28017661 |
| ns1 protein amino acid changes d189n and v194i affect interferon responses, thermosensitivity, and virulence of circulating h3n2 human influenza a viruses. | influenza virus ns1 protein is a nonstructural, multifunctional protein that counteracts host innate immune responses, modulating virus pathogenesis. ns1 protein variability in subjects infected with h3n2 influenza a viruses (iavs) during the 2010/2011 season was analyzed, and amino acid changes in residues 86, 189, and 194 were found. the consequences of these mutations for the ns1-mediated inhibition of ifn responses and the pathogenesis of the virus were evaluated, showing that ns1 mutations ... | 2017 | 28003482 |
| whole-genome characterization of a novel human influenza a(h1n2) virus variant, brazil. | we report the characterization of a novel reassortant influenza a(h1n2) virus not previously reported in humans. recovered from a a pig farm worker in southeast brazil who had influenza-like illness, this virus is a triple reassortant containing gene segments from subtypes h1n2 (hemagglutinin), h3n2 (neuraminidase), and pandemic h1n1 (remaining genes). | 2017 | 27983507 |
| generation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific to avian influenza h7n9 haemagglutinin protein. | emerging virulent strains of influenza virus pose a serious public health threat with potential pandemic consequences. a novel avian influenza virus, h7n9, breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in 2013 in china. since then, it has caused numerous infections in humans with a close contact to poultry. | 2017 | 27934828 |
| reassortment between swine h3n2 and 2009 pandemic h1n1 in the united states resulted in influenza a viruses with diverse genetic constellations with variable virulence in pigs. | repeated spillovers of the h1n1 pandemic virus (h1n1pdm09) from humans to pigs resulted in substantial evolution of influenza a viruses infecting swine, contributing to the genetic and antigenic diversity of influenza a viruses (iav) currently circulating in swine. the reassortment with endemic swine viruses and maintenance of some of the h1n1pdm09 internal genes resulted in the circulation of different genomic constellations in pigs. here, we performed a whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of 36 ... | 2017 | 27928015 |
| versatility of a localized surface plasmon resonance-based gold nanoparticle-alloyed quantum dot nanobiosensor for immunofluorescence detection of viruses. | flu infection, caused by the influenza virus, constitutes a serious threat to human lives worldwide. a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis is urgently needed for point-of-care treatment and to control the rapid spread of this disease. in this study, an ultrasensitive, rapid and specific localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr)-induced immunofluorescence nanobiosensor has been developed for the influenza virus based on a gold nanoparticle (aunp)-induced quantum dot (qd) fluorescence signal. ... | 2017 | 27825520 |
| reassortment of high-yield influenza viruses in vero cells and safety assessment as candidate vaccine strains. | vaccination is the practiced and accessible measure for preventing influenza infection. because chicken embryos used for vaccine production have various insufficiencies, more efficient methods are needed. african green monkey kidney (vero) cells are recommended by the world health organization (who) as a safe substitute for influenza vaccine production for humans. however, the influenza virus usually had low-yield in vero cells, which limits the usage of vero cellular vaccines. this study used 2 ... | 2017 | 27648636 |
| influenza in children. | in children, influenza is one among the commonest causes of acute respiratory illness and loss of school days. influenza a, b, and c are 3 types of viruses responsible for illness. type a virus has many subtypes based on antigens but type b and type c viruses have no known subtypes. currently, influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and influenza type b viruses are circulating in humans. transmission of influenza occurs through droplets from infected person or through direct contact with person or fomites. cl ... | 2017 | 27641976 |
| performance evaluation of allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 for detection of respiratory viruses and influenza a virus subtypes. | the allplex respiratory panels 1, 2, and 3 (allplex) comprise a one-step real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for the detection of respiratory viruses (rvs) and influenza a subtypes based on multiple detection temperature (mudt) technology. the performance of the allplex assay was compared with those of the advansure rv real-time pcr kit (advansure) and the powerchek pandemic h1n1/h3n2/h5n1 real-time pcr kit (powerchek) using 417 clinical respiratory specimens. in comparison with the advans ... | 2017 | 27903601 |
| origin, distribution, and potential risk factors associated with influenza a virus in swine in two production systems in guatemala. | guatemala is the country with the largest swine production in central america; however, evidence of influenza a virus (iav) in pigs has not been clearly delineated. | 2017 | 27860313 |
| drug-resistant and genetic evolutionary analysis of influenza virus from patients during the 2013 and 2014 influenza season in beijing. | the study aimed to analyze drug resistance and mutations and genetic evolution of influenza a and influenza b viruses during the 2013 and 2014 influenza season in beijing, china. rna was extracted from pharyngeal or nasal swabs of 28 patients, and determination of influenza genotypes was performed by using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. influenza a virus samples were sequenced with the neuraminidase (na) gene and m2 matrix protein gene to determine the na inhibitor (n ... | 2017 | 27203354 |
| immunity against influenza a(h1n1) infections is determined by age at the time of initial strain circulation. | we explored age-dependent patterns in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titre to seasonal [1956 a(h1n1), 1977 a(h1n1), 2007 a(h1n1)] and pandemic [a(h1n1)pdm09] influenza strains using serological data collected from an adult french influenza cohort. subjects were recruited by their general practitioners from 2008 to 2009 and followed until 2010. we explored age-related differences between strain-specific hi titres using 1053 serological samples collected over the study period from 398 unvaccina ... | 2017 | 27682472 |
| sensitive detection and simultaneous discrimination of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs in a single assay using next-generation sequencing-based diagnostics. | reassortment of 2009 (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus (pdh1n1) with other strains may produce more virulent and pathogenic forms, detection and their rapid characterization is critical. in this study, we reported a "one-size-fits-all" approach using a next-generation sequencing (ngs) detection platform to extensively identify influenza viral genomes for diagnosis and determination of novel virulence and drug resistance markers. a de novo module and other bioinformatics tools were used to generate ... | 2017 | 27658193 |
| evaluation of three influenza neuraminidase inhibition assays for use in a public health laboratory setting during the 2011-2012 influenza season. | we evaluated the implementation of three commercially available neuraminidase inhibition assays in a public health laboratory (phl) setting. we also described the drug susceptibility patterns of human influenza a and b circulating in maryland during the 2011-2012 influenza season. | 2017 | 23997307 |
| influenza surveillance in russia based on epidemiological and laboratory data for the period from 2005 to 2012. | exchange of information on and sharing of influenza viruses through the gisrs network has great significance for understanding influenza virus evolution, recognition of a new pandemic virus emergence and for preparing annual who recommendations on influenza vaccine strain composition. influenza surveillance in russia is based on collaboration of two nics with 59 regional bases. most epidemiological and laboratory data are entered through the internet into the electronic database at the research ... | 2017 | 26561480 |
| vaccination against influenza in patients with systemic sclerosis. | to assess the efficacy and safety of the influenza virus vaccine in systemic sclerosis (ssc) patients compared to healthy controls. | 2017 | 22409886 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human influenza a viruses isolated in iran during the 2014-2015 season. | influenza a viruses are an important cause of severe infectious diseases in humans and are characterized by their fast evolution rate. global monitoring of these viruses is critical to detect newly emerging variants during annual epidemics. here, we sought to genetically characterize influenza a/h1n1pdm09 and a/h3n2 viruses collected in iran during the 2014-2015 influenza season. a total of 200 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with influenza-like illnesses. swabs were screened f ... | 2017 | 28331993 |
| estimates of hospitalization attributable to influenza and rsv in the us during 1997-2009, by age and risk status. | estimates of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) burden must be periodically updated to inform public health strategies. we estimated seasonal influenza- and rsv-attributable hospitalizations in the us from 1997 to 2009 according to age and risk status (nct01599390). | 2017 | 28320361 |
| cytokines induced during influenza virus infection. | influenza a virus is one of the major human pathogens. the influenza infection can pass out without any subclinical symptoms or infestation can appear in upper respiratory tract as well as in lower respiratory tract where it can result in lethal outcome. both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated shortly after infection providing protection against infection. many activities of the cells of innate and adaptive immunity are coordinated by cytokines. however, inordinate or disbalanced ... | 2017 | 28302021 |
| quantitative proteomic approach identifies vpr binding protein as novel host factor supporting influenza a virus infections in human cells. | influenza a virus infections are a major cause for respiratory disease in humans, which affects all age groups and contributes substantially to global morbidity and mortality. iav have a large natural host reservoir in avian species. however, many avian iav strains lack adaptation to other hosts and hardly propagate in humans. while seasonal or pandemic influenza a virus (iav) strains replicate efficiently in permissive human cells, many avian iav cause abortive non-productive infections in thes ... | 2017 | 28289176 |
| a broadly reactive human anti-hemagglutinin stem monoclonal antibody that inhibits influenza a virus particle release. | many broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin (ha) stem of influenza a virus have been developed for therapeutic applications. these antibodies typically inhibit viral entry steps, especially the ha conformational change that is required for membrane fusion. to better understand the mechanisms by which such antibodies inhibit viral replication, we established broadly reactive human anti-ha stem antibodies and determined the properties of these antibodies by examinin ... | 2017 | 28286060 |
| pathogenicity and transmission of triple reassortant h3n2 swine influenza a viruses is attenuated following turkey embryo propagation. | genetic lineages of swine influenza a viruses (sivs) have recently been established in turkeys in the united states. to identify molecular determinants that are involved in virulence and transmission of sivs to turkeys, we sequentially passaged two triple reassortant h3n2 siv isolates from minnesota in ten day old specific-pathogen free (spf) turkey embryos and tested them in seven-day old turkey poults. we found that siv replication in turkey embryos led to minimal mutations in and around the r ... | 2017 | 28284612 |
| prevention of influenza virus induced bacterial superinfection by standardized echinacea purpurea, via regulation of surface receptor expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. | viral infections may predispose the airways to secondary bacterial infections that can lead to unfavorable progression of principally self-limiting illnesses. such complicated respiratory infections include pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, and sepsis, which cause high morbidity and lethality. some of the pathogenic consequences of viral infections, like the expression of bacterial adhesion receptors and the disturbance of physical barrier integrity due to inflammation, may c ... | 2017 | 28279802 |
| molecular characterization of neuraminidase genes of influenza a(h3n2) viruses circulating in southwest india from 2009 to 2013. | molecular characterization of neuraminidase (na) gene of 25 influenza a(h3n2) virus isolates (2009-2013) archived at the manipal centre for virus research was carried out. the annual rate of amino acid substitutions in the n2 gene of influenza a(h3n2) virus isolates was 0.2-0.6%. out of the 25 na sequences analyzed, catalytic site mutations were observed in three isolates. two of the mutations (d151g and e276g) were detected in functional catalytic residues, and an e227v mutation was detected in ... | 2017 | 28271163 |
| mid-season real-time estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in persons 65 years and older in register-based surveillance, stockholm county, sweden, and finland, january 2017. | systems for register-based monitoring of vaccine effectiveness (ve) against laboratory-confirmed influenza (lci) in real time were set up in stockholm county, sweden, and finland, before start of the 2016/17 influenza season, using population-based cohort studies. both in stockholm and finland, an early epidemic of influenza a(h3n2) peaked in week 52, 2016. already during weeks 48 to 50, analyses of influenza ve in persons 65 years and above showed moderately good estimates of around 50%, then r ... | 2017 | 28251891 |
| emergence of a novel subclade of influenza a(h3n2) virus in london, december 2016 to january 2017. | we report the molecular investigations of a large influenza a(h3n2) outbreak, in a season characterised by sharp increase in influenza admissions since december 2016. analysis of haemagglutinin (ha) sequences demonstrated co-circulation of multiple clades (3c.3a, 3c.2a and 3c.2a1). most variants fell into a novel subclade (proposed as 3c.2a2); they possessed four unique amino acid substitutions in the ha protein and loss of a potential glycosylation site. these changes potentially modify the h3n ... | 2017 | 28251889 |
| nasopharyngeal protein biomarkers of acute respiratory virus infection. | infection of respiratory mucosa with viral pathogens triggers complex immunologic events in the affected host. we sought to characterize this response through proteomic analysis of nasopharyngeal lavage in human subjects experimentally challenged with influenza a/h3n2 or human rhinovirus, and to develop targeted assays measuring peptides involved in this host response allowing classification of acute respiratory virus infection. unbiased proteomic discovery analysis identified 3285 peptides corr ... | 2017 | 28238698 |
| viral co-infections among children with confirmed measles at hospitals in hanoi, vietnam, 2014. | to characterize viral co-infections among representative hospitalized measles cases during the 2014 hanoi outbreak. | 2017 | 28237484 |
| a case of influenza a (h3n2) complicated by community-acquired pneumonia and death in a young healthy adult during the 2013-2014 season. | with multiple available vaccines and antivirals, seasonal influenza a is typically a self-limited acutely debilitating illness in young healthy adults. here, we illustrate unexpected morbidity and mortality in a relatively young and healthy patient seen at a large tertiary care academic medical center for seasonal influenza a (h3n2) complicated by community-acquired pneumonia, hypoxic respiratory failure, septic shock, and death. | 2017 | 28229066 |
| interim estimates of 2016-17 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness - united states, february 2017. | in the united states, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months (1). each influenza season since 2004-05, cdc has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine to prevent influenza-associated, medically attended, acute respiratory illness (ari). this report uses data, as of february 4, 2017, from 3,144 children and adults enrolled in the u.s. influenza vaccine effectiveness network (u.s. flu ve network) during november 28, 2016-februa ... | 2017 | 28207689 |
| prospective surveillance of antiviral resistance in hospitalized infants less than 12 months of age with a(h3n2) influenza infection and treated with oseltamivir. | infants exhibit elevated influenza virus loads and prolonged viral shedding, which may increase the risk for resistance development, especially in cases of suboptimal exposure to antiviral therapy. | 2017 | 28205506 |
| interim estimates of 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness against influenza a(h3n2), canada, january 2017. | using a test-negative design, the canadian sentinel practitioner surveillance network (spsn) assessed interim 2016/17 influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against dominant influenza a(h3n2) viruses considered antigenically matched to the clade 3c.2a vaccine strain. sequence analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in emerging 3c.2a1 variants by province and over time. adjusted ve was 42% (95% confidence interval: 18-59%) overall, with variation by province. interim virological and ve findings ... | 2017 | 28205503 |
| bayesian phylogeography of influenza a/h3n2 for the 2014-15 season in the united states using three frameworks of ancestral state reconstruction. | ancestral state reconstructions in bayesian phylogeography of virus pandemics have been improved by utilizing a bayesian stochastic search variable selection (bssvs) framework. recently, this framework has been extended to model the transition rate matrix between discrete states as a generalized linear model (glm) of genetic, geographic, demographic, and environmental predictors of interest to the virus and incorporating bssvs to estimate the posterior inclusion probabilities of each predictor. ... | 2017 | 28170397 |
| a live-attenuated influenza vaccine for h3n2 canine influenza virus. | canine influenza is a contagious respiratory disease in dogs caused by two subtypes (h3n2 and h3n8) of canine influenza virus (civ). currently, only inactivated influenza vaccines (iivs) are available for the prevention of civs. historically, live-attenuated influenza vaccines (laivs) have been shown to produce better immunogenicity and protection efficacy than iivs. here, we have engineered a civ h3n2 laiv by using the internal genes of a previously described civ h3n8 laiv as a master donor vir ... | 2017 | 28167384 |
| the characteristics and antigenic properties of recently emerged subclade 3c.3a and 3c.2a human influenza a(h3n2) viruses passaged in mdck cells. | two new subclades of influenza a(h3n2) viruses became prominent during the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere influenza season. the ha glycoproteins of these viruses showed sequence changes previously associated with alterations in receptor-binding properties. to address how these changes influence virus propagation, viruses were isolated and propagated in conventional mdck cells and mdck-siat1 cells, cells with enhanced expression of the human receptor for the virus, and analysed at each passage. | 2017 | 28164446 |
| respiratory viruses in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) cause significant morbidity, mortality, and an inexorable decline of lung function. data from developed countries have shown viruses to be important causes of aecopd, but data from developing countries like india are scant. we set out to determine the contribution of viruses in the causation of hospitalized patients with aecopd. | 2017 | 28144057 |
| vaccination has minimal impact on the intrahost diversity of h3n2 influenza viruses. | while influenza virus diversity and antigenic drift have been well characterized on a global scale, the factors that influence the virus' rapid evolution within and between human hosts are less clear. given the modest effectiveness of seasonal vaccination, vaccine-induced antibody responses could serve as a potent selective pressure for novel influenza variants at the individual or community level. we used next generation sequencing of patient-derived viruses from a randomized, placebo-controlle ... | 2017 | 28141862 |
| microrna-146a induction during influenza h3n2 virus infection targets and regulates traf6 levels in human nasal epithelial cells (hnecs). | we have previously shown that human nasal epithelial cells (hnecs) are highly permissive cells for respiratory viruses including influenza a virus (iav) and respiratory syncytial virus. recent studies have indicated that micrornas (mirnas) are involved in virus-host relationship, and this led us to investigate its essential roles in the in vitro hnecs model derived from multiple donors. by comparing the differential expression of mirnas upon iav infection among animal and cell line studies, cand ... | 2017 | 28131813 |
| improving the selection and development of influenza vaccine viruses - report of a who informal consultation on improving influenza vaccine virus selection, hong kong sar, china, 18-20 november 2015. | since 2010 the who has held a series of informal consultations to explore ways of improving the currently highly complex and time-pressured influenza vaccine virus selection and development process. in november 2015 experts from around the world met to review the current status of efforts in this field. discussion topics included strengthening influenza surveillance activities to increase the availability of candidate vaccine viruses and improve the extent, timeliness and quality of surveillance ... | 2017 | 28131392 |
| mechanistic perspective of the oxido-immunopathologic resolution property of kolaviron in mice influenza pneumonitis. | implicated in influenza-associated pathology are innate defence overzealousness and unabated secretion of oxidative tissue-sensitive antimicrobial agents. at different time points, mice were pre-treated with kolaviron (400 mg/kg), a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and subsequently challenged with 2 ld50 influenza a/h3n2/perth/16/09 virus. after euthanasia at day 6, blood, lungs, liver and spleen were collected and processed for biochemical, immunohistochemical and flow cytometri ... | 2017 | 28116826 |
| a virus-like particle vaccination strategy expands its tolerance to h3n2 antigenic drift by enhancing neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin stalk. | seasonal influenza viruses impact public health annually due to their continual evolution. however, the current inactivated seasonal vaccines provide poor protection against antigenically drifted viruses and require periodical reformulation through hit-and-miss predictions about which strains will circulate during the next season. to reduce the impact caused by vaccine mismatch, we investigated the drift-tolerance of virus-like particles (vlp) as an improved vaccine candidate. the cross-protecti ... | 2017 | 28093338 |
| detection of antigenic variants of subtype h3 swine influenza a viruses from clinical samples. | a large population of genetically and antigenically diverse influenza a viruses (iavs) are circulating among the swine population, playing an important role in influenza ecology. swine iavs not only cause outbreaks among swine but also can be transmitted to humans, causing sporadic infections and even pandemic outbreaks. antigenic characterizations of swine iavs are key to understanding the natural history of these viruses in swine and to selecting strains for effective vaccines. however, influe ... | 2017 | 28077698 |
| chimeric virus-like particles containing influenza ha antigen and gpi-ccl28 induce long-lasting mucosal immunity against h3n2 viruses. | influenza virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with worldwide seasonal epidemics. the duration and quality of humoral immunity and generation of immunological memory to vaccines is critical for protective immunity. in the current study, we examined the long-lasting protective efficacy of chimeric vlps (cvlps) containing influenza ha and gpi-anchored ccl28 as antigen and mucosal adjuvant, respectively, when immunized intranasally in mice. we report that the cvlps induced signi ... | 2017 | 28067290 |
| connective tissue growth factor promotes pulmonary epithelial cell senescence and is associated with copd severity. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is consistent in humans and animal models of copd and to investigate the role of this protein in lung epithelial cells. ctgf in lung epithelial cells of ex-smokers with copd was compared with ex-smokers without copd by immunofluorescence. a total of twenty c57bl/6 mice and sixteen non-human primates (nhps) were exposed to cigarette smoke ... | 2017 | 28026993 |
| structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug arbidol. | the broad-spectrum antiviral drug arbidol shows efficacy against influenza viruses by targeting the hemagglutinin (ha) fusion machinery. however, the structural basis of the mechanism underlying fusion inhibition by arbidol has remained obscure, thereby hindering its further development as a specific and optimized influenza therapeutic. we determined crystal structures of arbidol in complex with influenza virus ha from pandemic 1968 h3n2 and recent 2013 h7n9 viruses. arbidol binds in a hydrophob ... | 2017 | 28003465 |
| alternative progenitor lineages regenerate the adult lung depleted of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. | an aberrant oxygen environment at birth increases the severity of respiratory viral infections later in life through poorly understood mechanisms. here, we show that alveolar epithelial cell (aec) 2 cells (aec2s), progenitors for aec1 cells, are depleted in adult mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia or hyperoxia. airway cells expressing surfactant protein (sp)-c and atp binding cassette subfamily a member 3, alveolar pod cells expressing keratin (krt) 5, and pulmonary fibrosis were observed when the ... | 2017 | 27967234 |
| effect of seasonal vaccination on the selection of influenza a/h3n2 epidemic variants. | the effect of vaccination on the dynamics of influenza virus variants remains largely unknown in humans, unlike in poultry. in this study, we compared influenza hemagglutinin (ha) gene sequences isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated populations with the yearly vaccine strains. in total, 181 influenza a/h3n2 virus samples isolated from 82 vaccinated and 99 unvaccinated patients (2011-15, four japanese influenza seasons) were genetically analyzed using a next-generation sequencer. amino acid ( ... | 2017 | 27919631 |
| virospot microneutralization assay for antigenic characterization of human influenza viruses. | the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay has been used for the antigenic characterization of influenza viruses for decades. however, the majority of recent seasonal influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype has lost the capacity to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species. the hemagglutination (ha) activity of other a(h3n2) strains is generally sensitive to the action of the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, which indicates that the neuraminidase and not the hemagglutinin is responsible fo ... | 2017 | 27899226 |
| influenza and rhinovirus viral load and disease severity in upper respiratory tract infections. | the role of viral load in respiratory viral infection is unclear. it is proposed that the viral load of some, but not all respiratory viruses correlate with disease severity. | 2017 | 27893998 |
| influenza in poland in 2013 and 2013/2014 epidemic season | analysis of epidemiological situation of influenza in poland in 2013 and 2013/14 epidemic season in reference to previous years and seasons. | 2017 | 27883286 |
| a promising magnetic sers immunosensor for sensitive detection of avian influenza virus. | avian influenza viruses infect a great number of global populations every year and can lead to severe epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. facile, rapid and sensitive detection of viruses is very crucial to control the viral spread at its early stage. in this work, we developed a novel magnetic immunosensor based on surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) spectroscopy to detect intact but inactivated influenza virus h3n2 (a/shanghai/4084t/2012) by constructing a sandwich complex consist ... | 2017 | 27818055 |
| amino acids in hemagglutinin antigenic site b determine antigenic and receptor binding differences between a(h3n2)v and ancestral seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses. | influenza a h3n2 variant [a(h3n2)v] viruses, which have caused human infections in the united states in recent years, originated from human seasonal h3n2 viruses that were introduced into north american swine in the mid-1990s, but they are antigenically distinct from both the ancestral and current circulating h3n2 strains. a reference a(h3n2)v virus, a/minnesota/11/2010 (mn/10), and a seasonal h3n2 strain, a/beijing/32/1992 (bj/92), were chosen to determine the molecular basis for the antigenic ... | 2017 | 27807224 |
| influenza not mers cov among returning hajj and umrah pilgrims with respiratory illness, kashmir, north india, 2014-15. | the increasing reports of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) caused by mers coronavirus (mers-cov) from many countries emphasize its importance for international travel. muslim pilgrimages of hajj and umrah involve mass gatherings of international travellers. we set out to assess the presence of influenza and mers-cov in hajj/umrah returnees with acute respiratory infection. . | 2017 | 27932291 |
| a pyrosequencing-based approach to high-throughput identification of influenza a(h3n2) virus clades harboring antigenic drift variants. | the rapid evolution of influenza a(h3n2) viruses necessitates close monitoring of their antigenic properties so the emergence and spread of antigenic drift variants can be rapidly identified. changes in hemagglutinin (ha) acquired by contemporary a(h3n2) viruses hinder antigenic characterization by traditional methods, thus complicating vaccine strain selection. sequence-based approaches have been used to infer virus antigenicity; however, they are time consuming and mid-throughput. to facilitat ... | 2017 | 27795346 |
| an early innate response underlies severe influenza-induced exacerbations of asthma in a novel steroid-insensitive and anti-il-5-responsive mouse model. | acute worsening of asthma symptoms (exacerbation) is predominantly triggered by respiratory viruses, with influenza causing the most severe exacerbations. the lack of an adequate animal model hampers mechanistic insight and the development of new therapeutics. | 2017 | 27696462 |
| correction: accelerating influenza research: vaccines, antivirals, immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies. the manufacture of a new wild-type h3n2 virus for the human viral challenge model. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145902.]. | 2017 | 27280602 |
| in vitro exposure system for study of aerosolized influenza virus. | infection of adherent cell monolayers using a liquid inoculum represents an established method to reliably and quantitatively study virus infection, but poorly recapitulates the exposure and infection of cells in the respiratory tract that occurs during infection with aerosolized pathogens. to better simulate natural infection in vitro, we adapted a system that generates viral aerosols similar to those exhaled by infected humans to the inoculation of epithelial cell monolayers. procedures for ce ... | 2017 | 27771560 |
| comparative analysis of influenza a(h3n2) virus hemagglutinin specific igg subclass and iga responses in children and adults after influenza vaccination. | two different influenza vaccines are generally used in many countries; trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv3) and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv3). studies comparing the antibody response to iiv3 and laiv3 commonly investigate the seroprotective response by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assay. however, there is limited data regarding comparative analysis of igg subclass and iga responses induced by laiv3 and iiv3. fifteen children <5years received 2 doses of laiv3 w ... | 2017 | 27789145 |
| hospital surveillance of influenza strains: a concordant image of viruses identified by the swiss sentinel system? | the swiss sentinel system for influenza virus surveillance reports influenza-like illness in the community through a network of primary care practitioners, but the epidemiologic, demographic, and virological characterization may differ from that observed in hospitalized patients with influenza. | 2017 | 27441401 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of the h3 hemagglutinin of h3n2 influenza a virus strains collected in the czech republic during the 2014/2015 epidemic season. | the 2014/2015 influenza epidemic season was characterized by the predominance of the h3n2 subtype. the presented study investigated the genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of the h3n2 strains collected in the czech republic from november 2014 to march 2015. phylogenetic analysis of the representative h3 hemagglutinin sequences was performed and the glycosylation status and crucial antigenic mutations were compared relative to the 2014 and 2015 vaccine strains (a/texas/50/2012 and a/switzerland/9 ... | 2017 | 27467326 |
| clinical characteristics and factors associated with severe acute respiratory infection and influenza among children in jingzhou, china. | influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children, but data are limited on hospitalized children with laboratory-confirmed influenza in china. | 2017 | 27465959 |
| [excess mortality associated with influenza in spain in winter 2012]. | an excess of mortality was detected in spain in february and march 2012 by the spanish daily mortality surveillance system and the «european monitoring of excess mortality for public health action» program. the objective of this article was to determine whether this excess could be attributed to influenza in this period. | 2017 | 25770916 |
| antigenic detection of human strain of influenza virus a (h3n2) in swine populations at three locations in nigeria and ghana during the dry early months of 2014. | since the first detection of human h3n2 influenza virus in taiwanese pigs in 1970, infection of pigs with wholly human viruses has been known to occur in other parts of the world. these viruses, referred to as human-like h3n2 viruses, have been known to cause clinical and subclinical infections of swine populations. due to the paucity and complete unavailability of information on transmission of influenza viruses from other species, especially humans, to swine in nigeria and ghana, respectively, ... | 2016 | 26094828 |
| identification of the ifn-β response in h3n2 canine influenza virus infection. | canine influenza viruses (civs) circulate continuously in the dog population, providing opportunities for exposure to humans and other species. although the dog genome has been sequenced, innate immunity in dogs is not well characterized, which limits the understanding of h3n2 canine influenza virus pathogenesis. equally, how this virus evades the canine host innate immune response to successfully establish infection remains unclear. to analyse the ifn-β response to civ infection in madin-darby ... | 2016 | 26490006 |
| surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in southern arizona, 2010-2014. | the binational border infectious disease surveillance program began surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (sari) on the us-mexico border in 2009. here, we describe patients in southern arizona. | 2016 | 26590069 |
| the clinical usefulness of lymphocyte:monocyte ratios in differentiating influenza from viral non-influenza-like illnesses in hospitalized adults during the 2015 influenza a (h3n2) epidemic: the uniqueness of hpiv-3 mimicking influenza a. | during influenza epidemics, influenza-like illnesses (ilis) viruses cocirculate with influenza strains. if positive, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) identify influenza a/b, but false-negative ridts require retesting by viral polymerase chain reaction (pcr). patient volume limits testing during influenza epidemics, and non-specific laboratory findings have been used for presumptive diagnosis pending definitive viral testing. in adults, the most useful laboratory abnormalities in influenz ... | 2016 | 26563893 |
| impact of a large deletion in the neuraminidase protein identified in a laninamivir-selected influenza a/brisbane/10/2007 (h3n2) variant on viral fitness in vitro and in ferrets. | viral fitness of a laninamivir-selected influenza a/brisbane/10/2007-like (h3n2) isolate (lrvp9) containing a 237-amino acid neuraminidase deletion and a p194l hemagglutinin mutation was evaluated in vitro and in ferrets. lrvp9 and the wild-type (wt) virus showed comparable replication kinetics in mdck-st6gali cells. cultured virus was recovered between days 2 and 5 post-infection in nasal washes (nw) from the 4 wt-infected ferrets whereas no virus was recovered from the lrvp9-infected animals. ... | 2016 | 26526406 |
| human micrornas profiling in response to influenza a viruses (subtypes ph1n1, h3n2, and h5n1). | micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in regulation of gene silencing and are involved in many cellular processes including inhibition of infected viral replication. this study investigated cellular mirna expression profiles operating in response to influenza virus in early stage of infection which might be useful for understanding and control of viral infection. a549 cells were infected with different subtypes of influenza virus (ph1n1, h3n2 and h5n1). after 24 h post-infection, mirnas were ... | 2016 | 26518627 |
| differential evolution of peripheral cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic responses to experimental influenza virus challenge. | exposure to influenza virus triggers a complex cascade of events in the human host. in order to understand more clearly the evolution of this intricate response over time, human volunteers were inoculated with influenza a/wisconsin/67/2005 (h3n2), and then had serial peripheral blood samples drawn and tested for the presence of 25 major human cytokines. nine of 17 (53%) inoculated subjects developed symptomatic influenza infection. individuals who will go on to become symptomatic demonstrate inc ... | 2016 | 26506932 |
| evolutionary dynamics of influenza a viruses in us exhibition swine. | the role of exhibition swine in influenza a virus transmission was recently demonstrated by >300 infections with influenza a(h3n2) variant viruses among individuals who attended agricultural fairs. through active influenza a virus surveillance in us exhibition swine and whole-genome sequencing of 380 isolates, we demonstrate that exhibition swine are actively involved in the evolution of influenza a viruses, including zoonotic strains. first, frequent introduction of influenza a viruses from com ... | 2016 | 26243317 |
| oseltamivir resistance in an influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from an immunocompromised patient during the 2014-2015 influenza season in alberta, canada. | this manuscript describes the identification of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza a (h3n2) virus in a respiratory specimen collected from an immunocompromised patient in alberta, canada, during the 2014-2015 influenza season. following treatment with oseltamivir, neuraminidase (na) gene sequencing indicated the presence of an r292k mutation. phenotypic susceptibility testing by the na-star assay indicated a highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and normal inhibition by zanamivir. the use of ... | 2016 | 27442795 |
| influenza a virus drift variants reduced the detection sensitivity of a commercial multiplex nucleic acid amplification assay in the season 2014/15. | the influenza season 2014/15 was dominated by drift variants of influenza a(h3n2), which resulted in a reduced vaccine effectiveness. it was not clear if the performance of commercial nucleic-acid-based amplification (nat) assays for the detection of influenza was affected. the purpose of this study was to perform a real-life evaluation of two commercial nat assays. during january-april 2015, we tested a total of 665 samples from patients with influenza-like illness using the fast track diagnost ... | 2016 | 27316440 |
| peripheral leukocyte migration in ferrets in response to infection with seasonal influenza virus. | in order to better understand inflammation associated with influenza virus infection, we measured cell trafficking, via flow cytometry, to various tissues in the ferret model following infection with an a(h3n2) human seasonal influenza virus (a/perth/16/2009). changes in immune cells were observed in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and spleen, as well as lymph nodes associated with the site of infection or distant from the respiratory system. nevertheless clinical symptoms were mild, wi ... | 2016 | 27315117 |
| historical and recent cases of h3 influenza a virus in turkeys in minnesota. | subtype h3 influenza a viruses (iavs) are abundant in wild waterfowl and also infect humans, pigs, horses, dogs, and seals. in minnesota, turkeys are important and frequent hosts of iav from wild waterfowl and from pigs. over 48 yr of surveillance history, 11 hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes of iav from waterfowl, as well as two ha subtypes from swine, h1 and h3, have infected turkeys in minnesota. however, there have only been two cases of avian-origin h3 iav infections in turkeys during this 48-yr ... | 2016 | 27309087 |
| ineffectiveness of the 2014-2015 h3n2 influenza vaccine. | the seasonal influenza vaccine is currently the most effective preventive modality against influenza infection. nasopharyngeal samples of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients presenting with influenza-like-illness (ili) were collected from over 20 outpatient clinics located in different geographic parts of israel and were tested for the presence of influenza viruses (influenza a and influenza b). here we show, that in the 2014-2015 season, the vaccine that included the a/texas/50/2012 h3n2 vir ... | 2016 | 26716420 |
| outcomes of influenza infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: application of an immunodeficiency scoring index. | hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients have lower immune response to influenza vaccination and are susceptible to lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and death. we determined clinical characteristics and outcomes of laboratory-confirmed influenza, including 2014/h3n2 infection, in 146 hct recipients. an immunodeficiency scoring index (isi) was applied to identify patients at high risk for lri and death. thirty-three patients (23%) developed lri and 7 (5%) died within 30 days of diagn ... | 2016 | 26638804 |
| effects of repeated annual inactivated influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel on serum hemagglutinin inhibition antibody response to a/perth/16/2009 (h3n2)-like virus during 2010-11. | recently, lower estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against a(h3n2) virus illness among those vaccinated during the previous season or multiple seasons have been reported; however, it is unclear whether these effects are due to differences in immunogenicity. | 2016 | 26813801 |
| molecular analyses of h3n2 canine influenza viruses isolated from korea during 2013-2014. | canine influenza a virus (civ) causes a respiratory disease among dog populations and is prevalent in north america and asia. recently, asian h3n2 civ infection has been of particular concern, with recent reports related to reassortants with pandemic 2009 strains, direct transmission from a human h3n2, a possibility of h3n2 civ transmission to other mammals, and even the first outbreak of h3n2 civs in north america in april 2015. however, despite these global concerns, our understanding of how i ... | 2016 | 26810402 |
| influenza virus shedding in laninamivir-treated children upon returning to school. | the current school health and safety act in japan states that children with influenza infection should stay home until day 6(th) after symptoms onset. this was an amendment of a previous version recommending school return on day 3 after defervescence. here, we investigated the duration of fever and virus shedding after laninamivir treatment in 7 children infected with influenza a(h3n2) virus and 21 children with influenza b virus in relation to the school return timing recommended by the school ... | 2016 | 26806610 |
| new potent sars-cov 3c-like protease inhibitors derived from thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine derivatives. | 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (1) condensed with carbaldehydes 2a,b to give the respective thienopyrimidines (3a,b), which reacted with phosphoryl chloride and hydrazine hydrate to afford the respective pyrimidinohydrazines (4a,b). compound 4a condensed with acetophenone under vilsmeier conditions to afford the formylated pyrazolopyrimidine 6. condensation of 4a with active methylenes produced the respective pyrazolopyrimidines (7-11). besides, 4a condensed with succi ... | 2016 | 26806115 |
| human nasal epithelial cells derived from multiple subjects exhibit differential responses to h3n2 influenza virus infection in vitro. | 2016 | 26806046 | |
| incidence and clinical course of respiratory viral coinfections in children aged 0-59 months. | clinical data available on coinfections are contradictory concerning both the number of viruses involved and the severity of the condition. a total of 114 patients aged 0-59 months with symptoms of respiratory tract infection were enrolled into the study. nasal and pharyngeal swabs were tested using the pcr method for the following 12 viruses: influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus a (rsv a), respiratory syncytial virus b (rsv b), adenovirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus 229e/nl63 ... | 2016 | 26801151 |
| antibiotic prescription practices among children with influenza. | the important factor in the development of resistance to antibiotics is their overuse, especially for viral respiratory infections. the aim of the study was to find out the frequency of the antibiotic therapy administrated to children with influenza. a total of 114 children younger than 59 months seeking care for the acute respiratory tract infection was enrolled into the study. the patients had influenza-like symptoms: fever > 38 °c, cough, and sore throat of less than 4 days duration. nasal an ... | 2016 | 26801146 |
| the semi-synthesis of novel andrographolide analogues and anti-influenza virus activity evaluation of their derivatives. | two novel andrographolide analogues with the structural motif of δ(8,17)-alkene exo-to-endo isomerization, ai78 and ai89, were semi-synthesized firstly. two series of derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the synthetic pathway (including series i: olefin isomerizing to endocyclic δ(8,9) and series ii: olefin isomerizing to endocyclic δ(7,8)). the anti-influenza virus activity in vitro for all derivatives was evaluated. among the compounds synthesized, compound 38 with benzyl amino g ... | 2016 | 26791013 |
| ultrasensitive detection of influenza viruses with a glycan-based impedimetric biosensor. | an ultrasensitive impedimetric glycan-based biosensor for reliable and selective detection of inactivated, but intact influenza viruses h3n2 was developed. such glycan-based approach has a distinct advantage over antibody-based detection of influenza viruses since glycans are natural viral receptors with a possibility to selectively distinguish between potentially pathogenic influenza subtypes by the glycan-based biosensors. build-up of the biosensor was carefully optimized with atomic force mic ... | 2016 | 26765527 |
| correlates of protection against influenza in the elderly: results from an influenza vaccine efficacy trial. | although a number of studies have investigated and quantified immune correlates of protection against influenza in adults and children, data on immune protection in the elderly are sparse. a recent vaccine efficacy trial comparing standard-dose with high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in persons 65 years of age and older provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between values of three immunologic assays and protection against community-acquired a/h3n2 influenza illness. the high- ... | 2016 | 26762363 |
| isolation of a novel h3n2 influenza virus containing a gene of h9n2 avian influenza in a dog in south korea in 2015. | we isolated a serotype h3n2 influenza virus from a dog with severe respiratory distress in an animal clinic in south korea in 2015 and characterized the sequences of its eight genes. the following seven genes were derived from canine influenza virus: pb2, pb1, ha, np, na, m, and ns. however, the pa gene was derived from avian h9n2 influenza virus that is circulating in poultry in korea. these findings suggest that the continued surveillance of the influenza virus in dogs is warranted because hum ... | 2016 | 26757941 |
| targeting host calpain proteases decreases influenza a virus infection. | influenza a viruses (iav) trigger contagious acute respiratory diseases. a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of iav pathogenesis and host immune responses is required for the development of more efficient treatments of severe influenza. calpains are intracellular proteases that participate in diverse cellular responses, including inflammation. here, we used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the role of calpain signaling in iav pathogenesis. calpain expression and acti ... | 2016 | 26747784 |
| multiplex rt-pcr detection of h3n2 influenza a virus in dogs. | a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay to detect h3n2 civ genomic segments was developed as a rapid and cost-effective method. its performance was evaluated with forty-six influenza a viruses from different hosts using three primer sets which amplify four segments of h3n2 civ simultaneously. the mrt-pcr has been successful in detecting the viral segments, indicating that it can improve the speed of diagnosis for h3n2 civ and its reassortants. | 2016 | 26738688 |
| seroepidemiological evidence of subtype h3n8 influenza virus infection among pet dogs in china. | the h3n8 virus and the h3n2 virus are the main subtypes of canine influenza virus (civ). h3n8 civ mainly circulates in america, and h3n2 civ mainly circulates in asia. however, there was an outbreak of the asian h3n2 virus in the united states (us) in 2015. thus, it is important to evaluate the presence of subtype h3n8 virus in dogs in china. from may 2015 to november 2015, 600 sera from pet dogs were collected from guangzhou, shanghai, beijing and shenzhen for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) a ... | 2016 | 27414031 |
| persistent infection of drug-resistant influenza a virus during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. | we herein report the case of an 80-year-old man with malignant lymphoma who became persistently infected with influenza a virus. although he was repeatedly treated with na inhibitors, such as oseltamivir or peramivir, nasal cavity swab tests for influenza a antigen continued to be positive for more than 2 months. virological analyses revealed that he was infected with the na inhibitor-resistant a (h3n2) virus possessing an r292k substitution in the na protein. these findings suggest that a drug- ... | 2016 | 27374689 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness against antigenically drifted influenza higher than expected in hospitalized adults: 2014-2015. | the 2014-2015 influenza season was severe, with circulating influenza a (h3n2) viruses that were antigenically drifted from the vaccine virus. reported vaccine effectiveness (ve) estimates from ambulatory care settings were markedly decreased. | 2016 | 27369320 |
| in vitro neuraminidase inhibitory concentration (ic50) of four neuraminidase inhibitors against clinical isolates of the influenza viruses circulating in the 2010-2011 to 2014-2015 japanese influenza seasons. | to assess the extent of viral resistance to the four neuraminidase inhibitors (nais), we measured their 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) for influenza virus isolates from the 2014-2015 influenza season for comparison with those circulating in the 2010-2011 to 2013-2014 influenza seasons. viral isolation was done with specimens obtained prior to treatment, and the type and subtype of influenza was determined by rt-pcr using type- and subtype-specific primers. the ic50 was determined by a neura ... | 2016 | 27346379 |
| outbreak of influenza a(h3n2) variant virus infections among persons attending agricultural fairs housing infected swine - michigan and ohio, july-august 2016. | on august 3, 2016, the ohio department of health laboratory reported to cdc that a respiratory specimen collected on july 28 from a male aged 13 years who attended an agricultural fair in ohio during july 22-29, 2016, and subsequently developed a respiratory illness, tested positive by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) for influenza a(h3n2) variant* (h3n2v). the respiratory specimen was collected as part of routine influenza surveillance activities. the next day ... | 2016 | 27787493 |