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blood meal identification by using microdot elisa in vector mosquitoes.the blood meals of five mosquito species which are vectors for malaria, j.e. and filaria were determined by using microdot elisa technique, which is a rapid and sensitive method. a total of 4354 freshly fed mosquitoes comprising of anopheles culicifacies, an stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. vishnui gp. and cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested. results of the study reveal that highest proportion of an. culicifacies between 76-100% fed on bovine host followed by 0.3 to 24.2% on human. cx. vishn ...199810810570
species diversity and interspecific associations among mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district, gujarat.rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district in central gujarat was inhabited by 14 species of anophelines and 15 species of culicines. anopheles subpictus and culex vishnui gr dominated the respective groups. species diversity in rice fields as well as in associated habitats remained high during non-monsoon (rabi) period. there existed several positive and negative interspecific associations. malaria vector an. culicifacies showed positive association with an. subpictus, an. annularis, an. pallidus an ...199810319558
a note on tolerance to insecticides in culex vishnui, a japanese encephalitis vector. 19979465539
japanese encephalitis in south arcot district, tamil nadu, india: a three-year longitudinal study of vector abundance and infection frequency.in the south arcot district, an area endemic for japanese encephalitis in tamil nadu, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex vishnui theobald, culex gelidus theobald and culex fuscocephala theobald constituted 93.6% of 422,621 adult females representing 27 culicine species collected between august 1991 and july 1994. vector abundance was lowest in the hot and dry season (april-june) and highest in the cool and wet season (october-december). overall, 285,531 adult female mosquitoes (5,710 pools) we ...19979439119
a survey of larval and adult mosquitoes on the flood plains of bangladesh, in relation to flood-control activities.a mosquito survey was carried out between october 1991 and november 1992 on the flood plains of bangladesh, as part of a baseline study designed to help predict the effects on vector-borne diseases of embanking rivers under the bangladesh government's flood action plan. overall, 15 species of larval and 15 species of adult anophelines were collected, along with 13 larval and 21 adult culicines. anophelines made up only 6% of the mosquitoes caught at human bait. the most abundant anopheline bitin ...19969039274
mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and some physico-chemical parameters in rice fields of central gujarat.mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and certain physico-chemical parameters was studied in rice fields of kheda district in central gujarat. a total of 14 anopheline and 15 culicine species were encountered in close association with different types of aquatic vegetation in different proportions. among anophelines, anopheles annularis, an. nigerrimus, an. subpictus and an. tessellatus were of general distribution and were found associated with each aquatic vegetation. an. culicifa ...19968690130
role of some environmental factors in modulating seasonal abundance of potential japanese encephalitis vectors in assam, india.temporal changes in the abundance of host-seeking, potential japanese encephalitis (je) vector mosquitos and the role of some ecological factors that are modulating the abundance of vector mosquitos were studied. vector surveillance was conducted for one year in 4 je prone villages of dibrugarh, assam. among potential je vectors, the most abundant mosquito was culex vishnui s.s. comprising about 22.32%. maximum density of the mosquito was found during the month of april and another peak was obse ...19969280008
effectiveness of repellent formulations containing deet against mosquitoes in northeastern thailand.formulations of the repellent diethyl methyl benzamide (deet) were evaluated against mosquitoes in field tests conducted in sisaket province, northeastern thailand. thirty-three percent deet in an applicator stick provided > or = 87.1% protection against primarily culex vishnui, cx. gelidus, and cx. tritaeniorhynchus for up to 5 h, and 50% deet in ethanol provided > or = 93.3% protection against anopheles sp. and culicines for up to 8 h. the u.s. army extended duration repellent formulation ([ed ...19968827616
isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in sabak bernam, selangor, malaysia in 1992.detection and isolation of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in kampong pasir panjang, sabak bernam, selangor, from may to november 1992. a total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-je virus polyclonal antibody. pre ...19957616198
mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and predator abundance in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields in north sulawesi, indonesia.immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of north sulawesi, indonesia. irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, aplocheilus panchax (hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. anopheles peditaeniatus (leicester), culex vishnui theobald, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, were dominant in both i ...19957616528
experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus followed by japanese encephalitis virus infection and vice versa.a study on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus (wnv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was carried out. one batch of pigs was inoculated with wnv followed by jev and another batch was inoculated vice versa. the first batch developed low level of viraemia and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to both viruses. there was a booster effect on the already existing wnv antibodies after challenging with jev. in the second batch the animals developed high level ...19947817897
host feeding patterns of culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in dibrugarh district of assam.the host feeding patterns of three species of mosquitoes belonging to vishnui sub group, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui, the most prevalent species in dibrugarh district were determined by analysing their blood meals. all 3 species were found be essentially zoophilic. high percentage of pig feeding was observed in culex tritaeniorhynchus (40 per cent) and culex vishnui (35.3 per cent) in comparison to other prevalent species in this area. in contrast culex pseudov ...19947868835
studies on japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes in selangor, malaysia.mosquito collections were carried out from may to june 1992 and from september to december 1992 in an area where a case of japanese encephalitis was confirmed. a total of 40,072 mosquitoes belonging to 35 species and 8 genera were collected. the dominant species in that locality were culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui, culex gelidus, aedes butleri, and mansonia uniformis.19938126485
ecology of mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) at a site endemic with japanese encephalitis on luzon, republic of the philippines.a 2-year study of the ecology of mosquitos was conducted in a rice-growing area in the philippines. forty-four species in 8 genera were collected using 6 techniques, with culex vishnui being most abundant. of all the anopheles collected, most species were exophagic, while most of the culex species collected were endophagic. anthropophilic or zoophilic feeding patterns were estimated using man-to-animal biting ratios. peak periods of mosquito abundance occurred several months after the onset of b ...19938395738
occurrence of culex vishnui group of mosquitoes in the rural areas of a desert district (bikaner).two important mosquito vectors viz., c. pseudovishnui and c. tritaeneorhynchus have been studied with respect to their occurrence, breeding and peculiar resting habitats in the desert district of bikaner, rajasthan. resting habitats such as depressions made on the walls of rain water ponds by water current and breeding habitats like agricultural wells are reported. the abiotic ecological conditions peculiar to desert like saline water, ph and high temperature were correlated with species densiti ...19911959957
aquatic macrophytes and the associated mosquitoes in and around madurai city (tamil nadu).a survey of mosquitoes was carried out in 7 weeded astatic ponds in and around madurai from october 1990 to january 1991 to qualitatively determine the macrophyte-mosquito larvae association. members of culex vishnui subgroup were associated with most of the macrophytes. eichhornia crassipes, marsilea quadrifolia and spirodella polyrhiza showed a high potential for mosquito breeding and azolla sp., a very low potential for both anophelines and culicines.19911688022
resistance levels of nine mosquito species to 4% ddt in phnom penh, kampuchea.according to the standard who method criteria, the mosquitoes anopheles campestris and culex vishnui were found to be susceptible to ddt in the territory of phnom penh. an. vagus and an. sinensis were approximately at the limit of susceptibility and the remaining five species (aedes vexans, cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. fuscocephala, cx. gelidus, cx. bitaeniorhynchus) were found to be more or less resistant. except for an. vagus, the males of all species were more susceptible than the females.19911808034
colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines.colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. dipper samples were taken from rice fields at six phases of maturity (fallow, ploughed, nursery, newly transplanted, after tillering, mature). all phases were present concurrently at each of two study sites. abundance levels of the vishnui subgroup of culex and of the genus anopheles were high in ploughed fields, nurseries, and newly transplanted fields; this ...19902388229
susceptibility status of vectors of japanese encephalitis to insecticides in south arcot and tirunelveli districts of tamil nadu.villages in south arcot and tirunelveli districts with high incidence of japanese encephalitis were selected for the study of insecticidal resistance to vectors. culex vishnui and anopheles hyrcanus group were found to be resistant to ddt (4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) and dieldrin (0.4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) but susceptible to malathion (5 per cent for 60 min. exposure). so far, this is perhaps the first report of anopheles hyrcanus group resistant to ddt and dieldrin to be reported ...19892559119
susceptibility status of culex vishnui to ddt and dieldrin in deoria, uttar pradesh. 19892553797
seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis in dimapur, nagaland.a seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis (je) in dimapur, nagaland was carried out following an outbreak of the disease between july, 1985 and february, 1986. altogether 50 persons were affected with 30 (60 per cent) deaths. the attack and death rates per 1000 were more in nagas viz. 0.55 and 0.34 than non-nagas viz. 0.33 and 0.20 respectively. all ages and both sexes were affected. of the nine mosquito species encountered culex vishnui showed the highest density (44.5/mh). culture o ...19892553798
transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus in culex vishnui mosquitoes. 19863817929
density of culex vishnui and appearance of je antibody in sentinel chicks and wild birds in relation to japanese encephalitis cases.in the district of burdwan, a rural area of west bengal state, india, japanese encephalitis (je) virus is endemic. in one village a longitudinal survey was conducted in order to find out whether associations could be established between the density of the vector mosquito culex vishnui in two types of resting places, the incidence of infections in sentinel chicks exposed at monthly intervals, the prevalence of antibodies in wild birds and the occurrence of clinical infections in the human populat ...19863008391
experimental transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by culex vishnui theobald. 19846086511
studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 5. breeding places of the culex vishnui group of species. 19714400663
studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 6. seasonal prevalence of the culex vishnui group of species. 19714400664
an analysis of mosquito collections with special reference to the incidence and prevalence of 'culex vishnui complex' in the japanese encephalitis infected localities of north arcot district, madras state, india, from december 1955 through december 1957. 19694321467
[taxonomic studies on culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex vishnui theobald. 9. re-examination of the upright forked scales covering the vertex of the adult insect]. 19685692204
natural mortality in mosquitoes of the culex vishnui group in south india. 196314296142
notes on the culicine mosquitoes of singapore. ii. the culex vishnui group (diptera, culicidae), with descriptions of two new species. 195713425320
lead levels of culex mosquito larvae inhabiting lead utilizing factory.to determine lead level primarily in culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and culex gelidus (cx. gelidus) larvae inhabiting lead consuming factories, and to putatively estimate eco-toxicological impact of effluents from the firms.023569727
regulation of cell survival and death during flavivirus infections.flaviviruses, ss(+) rna viruses, include many of mankind's most important pathogens. their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of c ...024921001
entomo-virological study of a suspected japanese encephalitis outbreak in muzaffarpur district, bihar, india. 023760390
a tropical menace of co-infection of japanese encephalitis and neurocysticercosis in two children.japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito borne encephalitis caused by flavivirus. neurocysticercosis (ncc) is a parasitic disease of the central nervous system caused by taenia solium. in this report, we describe the clinical profile, imaging findings, and outcome of two children with je and coexisting ncc. eleven and thirteen-year-old boys from the same town of jharkhand state were brought with history of fever, seizures, altered sensorium, and extrapyramidal symptoms. dystonia, hypomimia, brad ...027606026
an outbreak of japanese encephalitis after two decades in odisha, india.sudden deaths in children due to acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) from a tribal dominated district of malkangiri in odisha, india, was reported during september-november, 2012. the investigation was carried out to search for the possible viral aetiology that caused this outbreak. clinico-epidemiological survey and seromolecular investigation were carried out to confirm the viral aetiology. two hundred seventy two suspected cases with 24 deaths were observed. the patients presented with low to m ...026905239
seasonal abundance and potential of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, thailand.to investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect japanese encephalitis virus (jev) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds.023620839
biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends.among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ...016223950
laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of solanum nigrum l.indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem for the aquatic flora and fauna, and also resulted in appearance of pesticide resistance in vector population. this study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of aqueous and solvent extracts of mature leaves of solanum nigrum l., against fresh water snail lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens (gray) (an intermediate host of parasites causing fasciolopsiasis) and larvae of culex vishnui group (reuben) (vector of japanese ...025297363
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