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selection of a candidate probiotic strain of pediococcus pentosaceus from the faecal microbiota of horses by in vitro testing and health claims in a mouse model of salmonella infection.the aim of this study was to verify the suitable use of candidate 'probiotics' selected by in vitro tests and the importance of in vivo assays to nominate micro-organisms as probiotics and alternative prophylactic treatments for salmonella typhimurium infection.201727813217
mechanisms for pseudoalteromonas piscicida-induced killing of vibrios and other bacterial pathogens.pseudoalteromonas piscicida are gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in the marine environment. three strains of pigmented p. piscicida were isolated from seawater and partially characterized by inhibition studies, electron microscopy, and proteolytic enzyme production. growth inhibition and death occurred around colonies of p. piscicida on lawns of the naturally-occurring marine pathogens vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, photobacterium damselae and shewanella algae inhibi ...201728363962
the type iii secretion system effector sptp of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.strains of the various salmonella enterica serovars cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever in humans, with virulence depending on the action of two type iii secretion systems (salmonella pathogenicity island 1 [spi-1] and spi-2). sptp is a salmonella spi-1 effector, involved in mediating recovery of the host cytoskeleton postinfection. sptp requires a chaperone, sicp, for stability and secretion. sptp has 94% identity between s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s typhi; direct comparison of the ...201727920299
thermal resistance and gene expression of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated salmonella enterica typhimurium in aged broiler litter.the objective of this study was to investigate the thermal resistance and gene expression of both desiccation-adapted and rehydrated salmonellaenterica typhimurium in aged broiler litter. s. typhimurium was desiccation-adapted in aged broiler litter with 20% moisture content (aw: 0.81) for 1, 2, 3, 12, or 24 h at room temperature and then rehydrated for 3 h. as analyzed by qrt-pcr, rpos, prov, dnak, and grpe genes were up-regulated (p<0.05) under desiccation stress and could be induced after 1 h ...201728389541
transfer of campylobacter and salmonella from poultry meat onto poultry preparation surfaces.thermophilic campylobacter and salmonella enterica are major causes of gastrointestinal foodborne infection. survival of these pathogens on food-associated surfaces is a risk contributing to their spread through the food system. this study examined the transfer of two strains each of c. jejuni , c. coli , salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella typhimurium from chicken meat to a knife or scissors used on either a plastic or wooden cutting board. each strain of campylobacter and salmonella at ∼10( ...201728358259
comparative subproteomic analysis of clinically acquired fluoroquinolone resistance and ciprofloxacin stress in salmonella typhimurium dt104b.antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health threat and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium phage type dt104b multiresistant strains with additional quinolone resistance have been responsible for global outbreaks and high mortality. quinolone resistance is known to be multifactorial but is still far from a complete understanding. to give new insights about the resistance mechanisms involved, this work aimed to evaluate subproteome changes between a s. typhimurium dt ...201728314077
immunogenicity of a bivalent adjuvanted glycoconjugate vaccine against salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis.salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis are the predominant causes of invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) disease. considering the co-endemicity of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis, a bivalent vaccine formulation against both pathogens is necessary for protection against ints disease, thus investigation of glycoconjugate combination is required. in the present work, we investigated the immune responses induced by s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis monovalent and bivalent gl ...201728289411
longitudinal study of salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- shedding in five australian pig herds.the shedding patterns of salmonella spp. and mlva profiles of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (i) serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- were monitored in a 12-month longitudinal observational study of five pig herds to inform management; provide indications of potential hazard load at slaughter; and assist evaluation of mlva for use by animal and public health practitioners. twenty pooled faecal samples, stratified by age group, were collected quarterly. when salmonella was cultured, multiple colonies ...201728010904
characterization of o-antigen delivered by generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal salmonella.invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease (ints) is a leading cause of death and morbidity in africa. the most common pathogens are salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. the o-antigen portion of their lipopolysaccharide is a target of protective immunity and vaccines targeting o-antigen are currently in development. here we investigate the use of generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) as delivery system for s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis o-antigen. gram-negative b ...201727998639
determination of o:4 antigen-antibody affinity level in o:5 antigen positive and negative variants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) has two serological variants, one that expresses the o:5 antigen (1,4,5,12:i:1,2), and one that lacks o:5 antigen (1,4,12:i:1,2). for serotyping, s. typhimurium is agglutinated by diagnostic o:4 antigen serum. this study was carried out to compare the antigen-antibody affinity of o:4 antigen in s. typhimurium χ3306 o:5-positive and s. typhimurium χ3306 o:5-negative strains. the affinity of o:4 antigen with o:4 antigen serum was found to be ...201728369258
salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus dynamics in/on variable (micro)structures of fish-based model systems at suboptimal temperatures.the limited knowledge concerning the influence of food (micro)structure on microbial dynamics decreases the accuracy of the developed predictive models, as most studies have mainly been based on experimental data obtained in liquid microbiological media or in/on real foods. the use of model systems has a great potential when studying this complex factor. apart from the variability in (micro)structural properties, model systems vary in compositional aspects, as a consequence of their (micro)struc ...201727627842
effect of chitosan physical form on its antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria.the antibacterial activity of chitosan (cs) nanospheres, in comparison with other physical forms, was investigated against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus, which are 2 foodborne harmful pathogens. results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of cs nanospheres: (1) was superior to that displayed by cs in powder and solution form; (2) was higher against s. aureus than against salmonella typhimurium; and (3) was dependent on the temperature and ph of the medium d ...201728140469
enhanced immune response to a dual-promoter anti-caries dna vaccine orally delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium.the strength of immune responses induced by dna vaccine is closely associated with the expression level of cloned antigens available to the antigen presenting cells (apcs). to acquire a larger and more persistent amount of antigen, a dual-promoter, which could double the target antigen output through its expression both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, was employed in the constructed anti-caries dna vaccine with attenuated salmonella as mucosal delivery vector in this study. here, both cmv a ...201728187901
an integrated rotary microfluidic system with dna extraction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and lateral flow strip based detection for point-of-care pathogen diagnostics.point-of-care (poc) molecular diagnostics plays a pivotal role for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. in spite of recent advancement in microfluidic based poc devices, there are still rooms for development to realize rapid, automatic and cost-effective sample-to-result genetic analysis. in this study, we propose an integrated rotary microfluidic system that is capable of performing glass microbead based dna extraction, loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), and colorime ...201728043075
two-step enhanced cancer immunotherapy with engineered salmonella typhimurium secreting heterologous flagellin.we report a method of cancer immunotherapy using an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain engineered to secrete vibrio vulnificus flagellin b (flab) in tumor tissues. engineered flab-secreting bacteria effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and prolonged survival. by using toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5)-negative colon cancer cell lines, we provided evidence that the flab-mediated tumor suppression upon bacterial colonization is associated with tlr5-mediated host react ...201728179508
allograft inflammatory factor 1 is a regulator of transcytosis in m cells.m cells in follicle-associated epithelium (fae) are specialized antigen-sampling cells that take up intestinal luminal antigens. transcription factor spi-b regulates m-cell maturation, but the molecules that promote transcytosis within m cells are not fully identified. here we show that mouse allograft inflammatory factor 1 (aif1) is expressed by m cells and contributes to m-cell transcytosis. fae in aif1(-/-) mice has suppressed uptake of particles and commensal bacteria, compared with wild-typ ...201728224999
toxicity and genotoxicity assessment in sediments from the matanza-riachuelo river basin (argentina) under the influence of heavy metals and organic contaminants.the aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of chemical extraction associated with the detection of toxicity and genotoxicity in sediment sample extracts. quantitative analysis of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), together with a battery of four bioassays, was performed in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency of inorganic and organic toxicants. the extracts were carried out using two inorganic solvents, two organic solvents and two extraction methodologies, m ...201727764694
mutagenic activities of biochars from pyrolysis.biochar production, from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks, agricultural residues, and animal and poultry manures are emerging globally as novel industrial and commercial products. it is important to develop and to validate a series of suitable protocols for the ecological monitoring of the qualities and properties of biochars. the highly sensitive salmonella mutagenicity assays (the ames test) are used widely by the toxicology community and, via the rat liver extract (s9), can reflect the ...201728314607
efficient enrichment and analyses of bacteria at ultralow concentration with quick-response magnetic nanospheres.enrichment and purification of bacteria from complex matrices are crucial for their detection and investigation, in which magnetic separation techniques have recently show great application advantages. however, currently used magnetic particles all have their own limitations: magnetic microparticles exhibit poor binding capacity with targets, while magnetic nanoparticles suffer slow magnetic response and high loss rate during treatment process. herein, we used a highly controllable layer-by-laye ...201728241111
bovine milk rnases modulate pro-inflammatory responses induced by nucleic acids in cultured immune and epithelial cells.activation of innate immune receptors by exogenous substances is crucial for the detection of microbial pathogens and a subsequent inflammatory response. the inflammatory response to microbial lipopolysaccharide via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is facilitated by soluble accessory proteins, but the role of such proteins in the activation of other pathogen recognition receptors for microbial nucleic acid is not well understood. here we demonstrate that rnase4 and rnase5 purified from bovine milk bi ...201727871831
from the cover: an investigation of the genotoxicity and interference of gold nanoparticles in commonly used in vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity assays.the suitability of 4 in vitro assays, commonly used for mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment, was investigated in relation to treatment with 14 nm citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (aunps). specifically, the ames test was conducted without metabolic activation, where no mutagenic effects were observed. high resolution transmission electron microscopy and cytoviva dark-field image analysis showed that aunps did not enter the bacterial cells, thus confirming the unreliability of the ames t ...201728108664
antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of turkish black tea on ta98 and ta100 strains of salmonella typhimurium (in vitro) and mice (in vivo).black tea has been reported to have significant antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties associated with its polyphenols theaflavins (tf) and thearubigins (tr). similarly, turkish black tea (tbt) also contains a considerable amount of tf and tr.201728245735
a bioprocessed polysaccharide from lentinus edodes mycelia cultures with turmeric protects chicks from a lethal challenge of salmonella gallinarum.our previous studies demonstrated that a bioprocessed polysaccharide (bpp) isolated from lentinus edodes mushroom mycelia cultures supplemented with black rice bran can protect mice against salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and reduce the mortality from salmonella typhimurium infection through upregulated t-helper 1 immunity. here, we report that a bpp from l. edodes mushroom mycelia liquid cultures supplemented with turmeric (referred to as bpp-turmeric) alters chicken macrophag ...201728221973
development of a rapid method to quantify salmonella typhimurium using a combination of mpn with qpcr and a shortened time incubation.a novel method was developed for the specific quantification of s. typhimurium using a most-probable-number (mpn) combined with qpcr and a shortened incubation time (mpn-qpcr-sit). for s. typhimurium enumeration, dilutions of samples were transferred into three wells on a microtiter plate and the plate was incubated for 4 h. the s. typhimurium presence in the wells was identified using a qpcr and populations were determined based on an mpn calculation. the r(2) between the mpn-qpcr-sit and conve ...201728400022
pathogenic traits of salmonella montevideo in experimental infections in vivo and in vitro.salmonella serovar montevideo (sm) is frequently associated with human salmonella infections and causes gastrointestinal disease, cases are common particularly among individuals who come in close contact with live poultry or poultry meat products. to characterize sm disease in chickens, the pathogenic traits and tissue predilections of the disease were investigated. dissemination of fluorescent-tagged sm (jol1575gfp) was monitored after oral and intramuscular mock infections of specific-pathogen ...201728387311
changes in thermo-tolerance and survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella typhimurium pt4 in chicken breast meat after exposure to sequential stresses.this study assessed changes in thermo-tolerance and capability to survive to simulated gastrointestinal conditions of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella typhimurium pt4 inoculated in chicken breast meat following exposure to stresses (cold, acid and osmotic) commonly imposed during food processing. the effects of the stress imposed by exposure to oregano (origanum vulgare l.) essential oil (oveo) on thermo-tolerance were also assessed. after exposure to cold stress (5°c for 5h) in chicken ...201728380343
evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for the identification of salmonella serovars enteritidis and typhimurium using retail and abattoir samples.a multiplex pcr was developed to identify the two most common serovars of salmonella causing foodborne illness in canada, namely, serovars enteritidis and typhimurium. the pcr was designed to amplify dna fragments from four salmonella genes, namely, inva gene (211-bp fragment), irob gene (309-bp fragment), typhimurium stm 4497 (523-bp fragment), and enteritidis se147228 (612-bp fragment). in addition, a 1,026-bp ribosomal dna (rdna) fragment universally present in bacterial species was included ...201728221989
neural network model for thermal inactivation of salmonella typhimurium to elimination in ground chicken: acquisition of data by whole sample enrichment, miniature most-probable-number method.predictive models are valuable tools for assessing food safety. existing thermal inactivation models for salmonella and ground chicken do not provide predictions above 71°c, which is below the recommended final cooked temperature of 73.9°c for chicken. they also do not predict when all salmonella are eliminated without extrapolating beyond the data used to develop them. thus, a study was undertaken to develop a model for thermal inactivation of salmonella to elimination in ground chicken at temp ...201728221884
draft genome sequences of two strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying different virulence in an experimental chicken model.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains 22495 and 22792, obtained from wild birds, were found to display different virulence attributes in an experimental chicken model. closed genome sequences were assembled after sequencing with the roche 454 and illumina miseq platforms. an additional plasmid was present in the more virulent strain 22495.201728183752
salmonella typhimurium induces cloacitis-like symptoms in zebrafish larvae.pathogenic salmonella strains have a set of virulence factors allowing them to generate systemic infections and damage in a variety of hosts. among these factors, bacterial proteins secreted by specialized systems are used to penetrate the host's intestinal mucosa, through the invasion and destruction of specialized epithelial m cells in the intestine. on the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that humans, as well as experimental animal hosts, respond to salmonella infection by activ ...201728400130
live-cell imaging of salmonella typhimurium interaction with zebrafish larvae after injection and immersion delivery methods.the zebrafish model has been used to determine the role of vertebrate innate immunity during bacterial infections. here, we compare the in vivo immune response induced by gfp-tagged salmonella typhimurium inoculated by immersion and microinjection in transgenic zebrafish larvae. our novel infection protocols in zebrafish allow live-cell imaging of salmonella colonization.201728161588
assessment of the genotoxicity of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate in cultured fish and human cells.the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (im) is a widely used anticancer drug. recent studies showing that im can induce dna and chromosomal damage in crustaceans and higher plants prompted us to re-examine its potential genotoxicity. im was not mutagenic in the ames assay (salmonella typhimurium). cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in vitro in zebrafish (danio rerio) liver (zfl), human hepatoma (hepg2), and human peripheral blood lymphocyte (hpbl) cells. genotoxicity ...201728137363
fruit extract of the medicinal plant crataegus oxyacantha exerts genotoxic and mutagenic effects in cultured cells.crataegus oxyacantha, a plant of the rosaceae family also known "english hawthorn, haw, maybush, or whitethorn," has long been used for medicinal purposes such as digestive disorders, hyperlipidemia, dyspnea, inducing diuresis, and preventing kidney stones. however, the predominant use of this plant has been to treat cardiovascular disorders. due to a lack of studies on the genotoxicity of c. oxyacantha, this investigation was undertaken to determine whether its fruit extract exerts cytotoxic, g ...201728277037
differential susceptibility and maturation of thymocyte subsets during salmonella typhimurium infection: insights on the roles of glucocorticoids and interferon-gamma.the thymus is known to atrophy during infections; however, a systematic study of changes in thymocyte subpopulations has not been performed. this aspect was investigated, using multi-color flow cytometry, during oral infection of mice with salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium). the major highlights are: first, a block in the developmental pathway of cd4(-)cd8(-) double negative (dn) thymocytes is observed. second, cd4(+)cd8(+) double positive (dp) thymocytes, mainly in the dp1 (cd5(lo)cd3(lo)) ...201728091621
molecular characterization of salmonella typhimurium isolated in brazil by crispr-mvlst.crispr-multi-locus virulence sequence typing (crispr-mvlst) was performed to type 92 s. typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food sources between 1983 and 2013 in brazil and assess the suitability of this methodology comparing it with pfge already used for subtyping the same strains. among the 92 s. typhimurium strains studied, we identified 25 crispr1 alleles, 27 crispr2 alleles, 2 fimh alleles and 3 ssel alleles showing that the genetic variability is much higher in the crisprs loci th ...201728034696
effective characterization of salmonella enteritidis by most probable number (mpn) followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods.nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) is a relevant pathogen involved in gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. in this study, we determined the capacity to combine the most probable number (mpn) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods to characterize the most important salmonella serotypes in raw sewage. a total of 499 isolates were recovered from 27 raw sewage samples and screened using two previously described multiplex pcr methods. from those, 123 isolates were selected based on pcr band ...201727987122
the mutagenic, antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of hypericum lydium.there is a growing market demand for hypericum sp., a pharmacologically active plant that has been traditionally used to treat various ailments. however, there have been limited studies on the extract or essential oil of hypericum lydium boiss (hypericaceae).201727931153
ecotoxicological risk assessment of the "acid black 210" dye.the "acid black 210" dye is one of the most used black dyes by the leather industry. this compound contains three azo groups in its chemical structure, and has been quoted as a non-regulated dye with toxicological concern, since it could generate carcinogenic aromatic amines. the objective of this study was to perform the ecotoxicological risk assessment of this dye through testing its toxicity in vitro and in vivo with the ames test, the comet assay, the daphnia similis test, and the zebrafish ...201727106347
impact of acanthamoeba cysts on stress resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica 4/o:3, listeria monocytogenes 1/2a, and escherichia coli o:26.the formation of robust resting cysts enables acanthamoeba to resist harsh environmental conditions. this study investigated to what extent these cysts are resistant to physical and chemical stresses as applied in food industry cleaning and disinfection procedures. moreover, it was assessed whether certain intracystic meat-borne bacterial pathogens are more stress resistant than free-living bacterial monocultures and if intracystic passage and subsequent association with trophozoites induces cro ...201728526786
diversity of endophytic bacteria in a fern species dryopteris uniformis (makino) makino and evaluation of their antibacterial potential against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria.the fern plant dryopteris uniformis has traditionally been used in herbal medicine and possesses many biological activities. this study was conducted to explore the endophytic bacterial diversity associated with d. uniformis and evaluate their antibacterial potential against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (fpb). among 51 isolated endophytic bacteria (eb), 26 eb were selected based on their morphological characteristics and identified by 16s rrna gene analysis. the distribution of eb was diverse i ...201728418717
development and characterization of bioactive edible films from spider crab (maja crispata) chitosan incorporated with spirulina extract.active food packaging films based on crab chitosan and spirulina extract (se) were developed. the effects of the se incorporation at different levels on physical (color, opacity water vapor and oxygen permeability) and mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break) properties of chitosan films were investigated. ftir was carried out to observe the potential modifications of the chitosan films when incorporated with se. the obtained results suggested that incorporation of se into chitosan ...201728705500
identification and growth optimization of a marine bacillus dk1-sa11 having potential of producing broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds.control of harmful bacteria in food, aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, hospitals and recreation water pools are of great global concern. marine bacteria are an enormous source of bio-controlling agents. the aim of this study was to identify and optimize the growth conditions including effect of different biotic and abiotic factors on antimicrobial activity of strain dk1-sa11 isolated from qingdao bay of china yellow sea. microscopic characterization, api® 20e and 50 chb kit base carbohy ...201728653930
metabolic fingerprinting of bacteria by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.bacterial populations exhibit a range of metabolic states influenced by their environment, intra- and interspecies interactions. the identification of bacterial metabolic states and transitions between them in their native environment promises to elucidate community behavior and stochastic processes, such as antibiotic resistance acquisition. in this work, we employ two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flim) to create a metabolic fingerprint of individual bacteria and populations ...201728623341
assessment of the phenolic profile, antimicrobial activity and oxidative stability of transgenic perilla frutescens l.overexpressing tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-tmt) gene.this study evaluated the effects of enhanced concentrations of α-tocopherol and phenolic compounds on the resistance and stability of perilla oil in transgenic perilla frutescens plants against various tested pathogenic bacteria by over-expressing the γ-tmt gene. the concentration of phenolic compounds in the non-transgenic samples was 9313.198 ± 18.887 μg g(-1) dry weight (dw), whereas the total concentration of the transgenic samples ranged from 9118.015 ± 18.822 to 10527.612 ± 20.411 μg g(-1) ...201728622602
synthesis of new thiazolyl coupled pyrazoles bearing 2,4-thiazolidinedionyl pharmacophore and their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial evaluation.2, 4-thiazolidinedione (tzd), pyrazole and thiazole heterocyclic rings exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities. medicinal chemists use these heterocyclic moieties as scaffolds in drug designing and discovery. the existing medicaments, celecoxib and meloxicam, used for treating inflammation and pain are having, pyrazole and thiazole, respectively as a key scaffolds. pyrazoles coupled with 2, 4-thiazolidinediones may display enhanced anti inflammatory activity. with this hope the title wo ...201728618987
4,4'-diaponeurosporene-producing bacillus subtilis increased mouse resistance against salmonella typhimurium infection in a cd36-dependent manner.deficient mucosal innate immunity is a hallmark of infectious diarrhea, such as salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium)-induced gastroenteritis. here, we report that oral administration of a 4,4'-diaponeurosporene-producing bacillus subtilis (b.s-dia) could improve mice mucosal immunity, as showed by an increased resistance against s. typhimurium infection. intragastric administration of b.s-dia for 7 days could increase the secretion of ccl20 by intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and then recru ...201728491061
insights into pg-binding, conformational change, and dimerization of the ompa c-terminal domains from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and borrelia burgdorferi.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can induce both humoral and cell-mediated responses when establishing itself in the host. these responses are primarily stimulated against the lipopolysaccharide and major outer membrane (om) proteins. ompa is one of these major om proteins. it comprises a n-terminal eight-stranded β-barrel transmembrane domain and a c-terminal domain (ompa(ctd) ). the ompa(ctd) and its homologs are believed to bind to peptidoglycan (pg) within the periplasm, maintaining b ...201728580643
toxicity of coal fly ash (cfa) and toxicological response of switchgrass in mycorrhiza-mediated cfa-soil admixtures.increasing support for the use of coal fly ash (cfa) in agriculture has necessitated a better understanding of the effects of the cfa in various cropping schemes. experiments were conducted to assess mutagenic response of a mutant strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (ta100) to varying concentrations of cfa-water extracts, determine oxidative stress in switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.) at varying levels of cfa-soil admixtures, and evaluate mycorrhiza-mediated modulation of oxidative ...201728666217
characterization and bioactivities of the exopolysaccharide from a probiotic strain of lactobacillus plantarum wlpl04.exopolysaccharide (eps) was extracted and purified from lactobacillus plantarum wlpl04, which has been confirmed previously as a potential probiotic for its antagonistic and immune-modulating activity. it has a molecular weight of 6.61 × 10(4) da, consisting of xylose, glucose, and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 3.4: 1.8: 1. microstructural studies demonstrated that the eps appeared as a smooth sheet structure with many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps. the preliminary in vitro assays in ...201728711240
inactivation of nonpathogenic escherichia coli, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in ice using a uvc light-emitting diode.ice, widely used in the food industry, is a potential cause of food poisoning resulting from microbial contamination. direct microbial inactivation of ice is necessary because microorganisms may have been present in the source water used to make it and/or may have been introduced due to poor hygiene during production or handling of the ice. nonthermal and nondestructive microbial inactivation technologies are needed to control microorganisms in ice. we evaluated the applicability of a uvc light- ...201728621585
investigation of optimum ohmic heating conditions for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in apple juice.control of foodborne pathogens is an important issue for the fruit juice industry and ohmic heating treatment has been considered as one of the promising antimicrobial interventions. however, to date, evaluation of the relationship between inactivation of foodborne pathogens and system performance efficiency based on differing soluble solids content of apple juice during ohmic heating treatment has not been well studied. this study aims to investigate effective voltage gradients of an ohmic heat ...201728525985
combined treatment with low concentrations of aqueous and gaseous chlorine dioxide inactivates escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium inoculated on paprika.combined treatment with gaseous and aqueous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was performed to improve the microbiological safety and quality of paprika. a single treatment of 50 ppmv clo2 gas for 30 min decreased the populations of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium by 2.33 and 2.91 log cfu/g, respectively. in addition, a single treatment of aqueous clo2 (50 ppm) for 5 min decreased these populations by 1.86 and 1.37, respectively. the most dramatic effects were achieved by combined trea ...201728035121
in vitro characterization of lactobacillus plantarum strains with inhibitory activity on enteropathogens for use as potential animal probiotics.the present study evaluates the probiotic properties of three lactobacillus plantarum strains mjm60319, mjm60298, and mjm60399 possessing antimicrobial activity against animal enteric pathogens. the three strains did not show bioamine production, mucinolytic and hemolytic activity and were susceptible to common antibiotics. the l. plantarum strains survived well in the simulated orogastrointestinal transit condition and showed adherence to caco-2 cells in vitro. the l. plantarum strains showed s ...201728611498
a role for the tetraspanin proteins in salmonella infection of human macrophages.infected macrophages play a role in the dissemination of salmonella and may serve as a reservoir of infection in asymptomatic carriers. however, relatively little is known about the early molecular interactions of the bacteria with these cells. we have recently shown that members of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins are involved in the initial adhesion of a range of bacteria to host cells. this study investigated the role of tetraspanins in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar t ...201728602860
molecular subtyping of salmonella typhimurium with multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr).a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) assay is a valuable high-throughput technique for the detection of bacteria and viruses, for characterization of pathogens and for diagnosis of genetic diseases, as it allows one to combine different types of molecular markers in a high-throughput multiplex assay. a mol-pcr assay starts with a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation reaction for detection of the molecular marker, followed by a singleplex pcr for signal amplification and analysis of t ...201728600761
ca(2+) in hybridization solutions for fluorescence in situ hybridization facilitates the detection of enterobacteriaceae.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been employed to identify microorganisms at the single cell level under a microscope. extensive efforts have been made to improve and extend the fish technique; however, the development of a widely applicable protocol is a continuing challenge. the present study evaluated the effects of divalent cations in the hybridization solution on the fish-based detection of various species of bacteria and archaea with rrna-targeted probes. a flow cytometric ana ...201728515389
emergence of multidrug resistance in locally-acquired human infections with salmonella typhimurium in australia owing to a new clade harbouring blactx-m-9.antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal salmonella is a critical problem globally, with the emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3gcs) a particular concern. the aim of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to characterise recently identified human and non-human isolates of 3gc-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium from australia. the illumina nextseq sequencing platform was used to determine the genome sequences of 78 s. typhimur ...201728476613
draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from chicken and swine carcasses in two distinct geographical regions from rio de janeiro state, brazil.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is a surveyed worldwide serotype with well-characterized genomes for several different strains. in brazil, very few studies have submitted whole-genome sequences to genbank. this genome may be useful to analyze the genetic mechanisms comparable to those of other related studies conducted in brazil and globally.201728450502
sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria exposed to gamma radiation emitted from hot soils of the high background radiation areas of ramsar, northern iran.over the past several years our laboratories have investigated different aspects of the challenging issue of the alterations in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics induced by physical stresses.201728432369
the expanding targetome of small rnas in salmonella typhimurium.the enterobacterial pathogen salmonella has long served as a model for bacterial pathogenesis, stress response, gene expression and regulation with extensive investigation involving protein function. with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies and their applications in genomics and transcriptomics, a wealth of data particularly with respect to small rnas (srnas) is being generated. these molecules serve as regulators of major stress response and virulence networks in diverse speci ...201728302471
new insights into the roles of lpf and stg fimbriae in salmonella interactions with enterocytes and m cells.salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes the systemic disease typhoid fever. after ingestion, it adheres to and invades the host epithelium while evading the host innate immune response, causing little if any inflammation. conversely, s typhimurium causes gastroenteritis in humans and thrives in the inflamed gut. upon entering the host, s typhimurium preferentially colonizes peyer's patches, a lymphoid organ in which microfold cells (m cells) overlay an arrangement of b cells, t cells, and antig ...201728630073
virulence of invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 in animal models of infection.salmonella typhimurium sequence type (st) 313 produces septicemia in infants in sub-saharan africa. although there are known genetic and phenotypic differences between st313 strains and gastroenteritis-associated st19 strains, conflicting data about the in vivo virulence of st313 strains have been reported. to resolve these differences, we tested clinical salmonella typhimurium st313 and st19 strains in murine and rhesus macaque infection models. the 50% lethal dose (ld50) was determined for thr ...201728783750
characterization of antimicrobial properties of salmonella phage felix o1 and listeria phage a511 embedded in xanthan coatings on poly(lactic acid) films.beyond simply providing a barrier between food and external contaminants, active packaging technologies aim to inhibit pathogen survival and growth within the packaged environment. bacteriophages have a proven track record as targeted antimicrobials but have yet to be successfully integrated in active packaging without serious loss of activity. we have developed two bacteriophage based xanthan coatings on poly(lactic acid) (pla) film which significantly inhibits salmonella typhimurium and lister ...201728576360
fusion of flagellin 2 with bivalent white spot syndrome virus vaccine increases survival in freshwater shrimp.despite large economic losses attributable to white spot syndrome virus (wssv), an infectious pathogen of penaeid shrimp and other crustaceans worldwide, no efficient vaccines or antiviral agents to control the virus are available at present. here, we designed and constructed baculovirus-based vaccines delivering genes encoding the wssv envelope proteins, vp28 and vp19. to enhance the immunogenicity of the baculovirus-based vaccine, we fused a salmonella typhimurium flagellin 2 (fl2) gene with v ...201728216094
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: are they effective antimicrobials?silver nanoparticles (agnps) are increasingly being used in medical applications. therefore, cost effective and green methods for generating agnps are required.201728767978
novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in escherichia coli.the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has attracted global attention, as it heralds the breach of polymyxins, one of the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of severe clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. to date, six slightly different variants of mcr-1, and a second mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-2, have been reported or annotated in the genbank database. here, we characterized a third mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-3 the gene coexisted ...201728655818
gut microbiota-mediated protection against diarrheal infections.the mammalian gut microbiota is a highly abundant and diverse microbial community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract. one major benefit that the gut microbiota provides to its host is colonization resistance-the ability to prevent colonization by foreign microbes, including diarrheal pathogens such as clostridium difficile , salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and diarrheagenic escherichia coli .201728520994
increase in nitrite content and functionality of ethanolic extracts of perilla frutescens following treatment with atmospheric pressure plasma.this study investigated the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (app) treatment on nitrite content and functionality of plant extracts. ethanolic extracts of perilla frutescens (eep) were prepared and treated with app for 60min. nitrite content increased from 0 to 45.8mg/l in eep after app treatment for 60min. antimicrobial activity of eep against clostridium perfringens and salmonella typhimurium was increased by app with no influence on antioxidative activity (p<0.05). lyophilized eep (leep) ...201728763985
modeling the heat inactivation of foodborne pathogens in milk powder: high relevance of the substrate water activity.due to the ability of foodborne pathogens to survive in low moisture foods, the decontamination of these products is an important issue in food hygiene. up to now, such decontamination has mostly been achieved through empirical methods. the intention of this work is to establish a more rational use of heat treatment cycles. the effects of thermal treatment cycles on the inactivation of dried salmonella typhimurium, salmonella senftenberg, cronobacter sakazakii and escherichia coli were assessed. ...201728784519
exploitation of spr to investigate the importance of glycan chains in the interaction between lactoferrin and bacteria.bovine lactoferrin (lf) has been shown to prevent adhesion to and invasion of mammalian cell lines by pathogenic bacteria, with evidence for direct bacterial binding by the milk glycoprotein. however, the glycosylation pattern of lf changes over the lactation cycle. in this study, we aim to investigate the effect that this variation has on the milk glycoprotein's ability to interact with pathogens. surface plasmon resonance technology was employed to compare the binding of lf from colostrum (ear ...201728653977
participation of 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3ζ proteins in the phagocytosis, component of cellular immune response, in aedes mosquito cell lines.better knowledge of the innate immune system of insects will improve our understanding of mosquitoes as potential vectors of diverse pathogens. the ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 protein family is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, and at least two isoforms of 14-3-3, the ε and ζ, have been identified in insects. these proteins have been shown to participate in both humoral and cellular immune responses in drosophila. as mosquitoes of the genus aedes are the primary vectors for arbov ...201728764795
a new microfluidic approach for the one-step capture, amplification and label-free quantification of bacteria from raw samples.a microfluidic method to specifically capture and detect infectious bacteria based on immunorecognition and proliferative power is presented. it involves a microscale fluidized bed in which magnetic and drag forces are balanced to retain antibody-functionalized superparamagnetic beads in a chamber during sample perfusion. captured cells are then cultivated in situ by infusing nutritionally-rich medium. the system was validated by the direct one-step detection of salmonella typhimurium in undilut ...201728626552
a new epipolythiodioxopiperazine with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities from the endophytic fungus chaetomium sp. m336.a new compound 6-formamide-chetomin (1) together with chetomin (2) was isolated from solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungus chaetomium sp. m336, which were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1d and 2d nmr, and hr-esi-ms experiments. the bioassay result showed that compound 1 had strong antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium atcc 6539 and enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) v ...201728602097
pathobactyper: a web server for pathogenic bacteria identification and molecular genotyping.with the decline in the cost of whole-genome sequencing because of the introduction of next-generation sequencing (ngs) techniques, many public health and clinical laboratories have started to use bacterial whole genomes for epidemiological surveillance and clinical investigation. for epidemiological and clinical purposes in this "ngs era," whole-genome-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (wgsnp) analysis for genotyping is considered suitable. in this paper, we present an online service, pathob ...201728824598
ultraviolet (uv-c) inactivation of enterococcus faecium, salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium in porcine plasma.the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an ultraviolet (uv-c, 254 nm) irradiation system on reducing the load of salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium), salmonella choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) resistant to streptomycin and enterococcus faecium (e. faecium) inoculated in sterile porcine plasma and then subjected to different uv-c irradiation doses (750, 1500, 3000, 6000 and 9000 j/l) using a pilot plant uv-c device working under turbulent flow. results indicated that uv- ...201728399166
comparison of the microbiological quality and safety between conventional and organic vegetables sold in malaysia.given the remarkable increase of public interest in organic food products, it is indeed critical to evaluate the microbiological risk associated with consumption of fresh organic produce. organic farming practices including the use of animal manures may increase the risk of microbiological contamination as manure can act as a vehicle for transmission of foodborne pathogens. this study aimed to determine and compare the microbiological status between organic and conventional fresh produce at the ...201728824567
short communication: detection of stx2 and elt genes in bovine milk by using a multiplex pcr system.the aim of this study was to detect 2 important toxin genes from diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) in bovine milk using a new multiplex pcr. to standardize the multiplex pcr, the stx2 and elt genes were investigated for the detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), respectively. the dna template was prepared with a thermal procedure (boiling) and a commercial kit. samples consisted of uht and pasteurized milk, both skimmed, and stec and ete ...201728803013
vitamin b12 as a carrier of peptide nucleic acid (pna) into bacterial cells.short modified oligonucleotides targeted at bacterial dna or rna could serve as antibacterial agents provided that they are efficiently taken up by bacterial cells. however, the uptake of such oligonucleotides is hindered by the bacterial cell wall. to overcome this problem, oligomers have been attached to cell-penetrating peptides, but the efficiency of delivery remains poor. thus, we have investigated the ability of vitamin b12 to transport peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligomers into cells of es ...201728794451
rpon2- and flia-regulated flitx is indispensible for flagellar motility and virulence in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.bacterial blight of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is one of the most important crop diseases in the world. more insights into the mechanistic regulation of bacterial pathogenesis will help us identify novel molecular targets for developing effective disease control strategies. a large flagellar gene cluster is regulated under a three-tiered hierarchy by σ(54) factor rpon2 and its activator fleq, and σ(28) factor flia. a hypothetical protein gene flitx is located upstream of ...201728793882
synthetic porcine hepcidin exerts opposite roles in escherichia coli and salmonella infections.hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, was discovered to integrate diverse signals from iron status and infection threat and orchestrate a series of host protective responses. there have been several studies investigating the antimicrobial role of hepcidin but controversial. here, we aim to examine the role of hepcidin in bacterial adherence and invasion in vitro we found that porcine hepcidin could decrease the amount of extracellular pathogen enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 that adher ...201728760901
antibacterial electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers: a bacterial membrane perforator.this study investigates the antibacterial action of chitosan-based nanofibers (cnfs) obtained by the electrospinning process on the permeability of bacterial membranes. the bactericidal efficiency of cnfs was first determined against gram-negative escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium, and gram-positive staphylococcus aureus and listeria innocua bacteria as a baseline. the results strongly suggest that cnfs interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell wall causing membrane rupture a ...201728748074
anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm potential of organosilane nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens.nowadays, modification of surfaces by nanoparticulate coatings is a simple process that may have applications in reducing the prevalence of bacterial cells both on medical devices and food processing surfaces. to this direction, biofilm biological cycle of salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica on stainless steel and glass surfaces, with or without nanocoating was monitored. to achieve this, four different comm ...201728744277
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and mast cells regulate increased passage of colonic bacteria in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and symptoms of ibs develop following gastroenteritis. we aimed to study passage of live bacteria through the colonic epithelium, and determine the role of mast cells and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in barrier regulation in ibs and healthy individuals.201728711627
modeling polymorphic transformation of rotating bacterial flagella in a viscous fluid.the helical flagella that are attached to the cell body of bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium allow the cell to swim in a fluid environment. these flagella are capable of polymorphic transformation in that they take on various helical shapes that differ in helical pitch, radius, and chirality. we present a mathematical model of a single flagellum described by kirchhoff rod theory that is immersed in a fluid governed by stokes equations. we perform numerical simulations ...201728709256
structural studies on the decameric s. typhimurium arginine decarboxylase (adc): pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding induces conformational changes.enteric pathogens such as salmonella typhimurium colonize the human gut in spite of the lethal acidic ph environment (ph < 2.5) due to the activation of inducible acid tolerance response (atr) systems. the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme, biodegradative arginine decarboxylase (adc, encoded by adia), is a component of an atr system. the enzyme consumes a cytoplasmic proton in the process of arginine degradation to agmatine. arginine-agmatine antiporter (adic) exchanges the product a ...201728694189
role of the inner-membrane histidine kinase rcsc and outer-membrane lipoprotein rcsf in the activation of the rcs phosphorelay signal transduction system in escherichia coli.the rcs phosphorelay signal transduction system of escherichia coli controls genes for capsule production and many other envelope-related functions and is implicated in biofilm formation. the outer-membrane lipoprotein rcsf is an essential component of the rcs system. mislocalization of rcsf to the periplasm or the cytoplasmic membrane leads to high activation of the rcs system, suggesting that rcsf functions by interacting with the cytoplasmic membrane component(s) of the system in activating t ...201728691662
genetic damage induced by electronic waste leachates and contaminated underground water in two prokaryotic systems.the inappropriate and unsafe management practices related to disposal and recycling of electronic wastes in nigeria has led to environmental and underground water contamination. reports on the level and type of contamination as well as the possible dna damage effects of this contamination are insufficient. this study evaluated the dna damaging potential of e-waste simulated and raw leachates, and its contaminated underground water using the sos chromotest on escherichia coli pq37 and the ames sa ...201728670935
blue native page analysis of bacterial secretion complexes.bacterial protein secretion systems serve to translocate substrate proteins across up to three biological membranes, a task accomplished by hydrophobic, membrane-spanning macromolecular complexes. the overexpression, purification, and biochemical characterization of these complexes is often difficult, impeding progress in understanding the structure and function of these systems. blue native (bn) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) allows for the investigation of these transmembrane comple ...201728667624
effects of heat treatment on the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of orange by-products.this study investigated the changes in the functional components, antioxidative activities, antibacterial activities, anti-inflammatory activities of orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) by-products (obp) on heat treatment at 50 and 100 °c (hereafter denoted 50d and 100d extracts, respectively). optimal heating conditions were also investigated. the total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidative activities of obp extracts significantly increased on heat treatment. the lag time of cu ...201728653733
host and pathogen copper-transporting p-type atpases function antagonistically during salmonella infection.copper is an essential yet potentially toxic trace element that is required by all aerobic organisms. a key regulator of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells is the copper-transporting p-type atpase atp7a, which mediates copper transport from the cytoplasm into the secretory pathway, as well as copper export across the plasma membrane. previous studies have shown that atp7a-dependent copper transport is required for killing phagocytosed escherichia coli in a cultured macrophage cell line. in th ...201728652309
epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the type iii secretion system of gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria under model conditions.epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), a major polyphenol in green tea, inhibits the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively), salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the inhibitory effect causes the inhibition of hemolysis, cell invasion, cell adhesion and apoptosis, which are functions of the type iii secretion device. in the case of epec, espb accumulates in the cells. rt-pcr showed th ...201728651361
local application of bacteria improves safety of salmonella -mediated tumor therapy and retains advantages of systemic infection.cancer is a devastating disease and a large socio-economic burden. novel therapeutic solutions are on the rise, although a cure remains elusive. application of microorganisms represents an ancient therapeutic strategy, lately revoked and refined via simultaneous attenuation and amelioration of pathogenic properties. salmonella typhimurium has prevailed in preclinical development. yet, using virulent strains for systemic treatment might cause severe side effects. in the present study, we highligh ...201728637010
physicochemical characteristics, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of airborne particles under industrial and rural influences in northern lebanon.in this work, the main objectives were to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of fine particulate matter collected in an industrial influenced site in comparison with a non-industrial influenced one (rural site) and to relate the particulate matter (pm) composition to the observed genotoxic effects. at the industrial influenced site, higher concentrations of phosphates, trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in particles could be related to the contributions of quarries ...201728620855
bdm-mediated regulation of flagellar biogenesis in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.synthesis of the flagellar apparatus in escherichia coli is mediated via complex regulatory pathways. a previous study indicated that the protein encoded by the biofilm-dependent modulation (bdm) gene is linked closely with a regulatory pathway for flagellar assembly. however, the specific role of bdm in flagellar biogenesis remains unknown. herein, we showed that bdm interacts with flgm and inhibits its function as an anti-σ28 factor, which induces the transcription of flagellar late-class gene ...201728603807
ames test to detect mutagenicity of 2-alkylcyclobutanones: a review.food irradiation is an effective and safe method for preservation and long-term storage, and it is approved for use in over 60 countries for various applications in a wide variety of food products. this process is performed by use of accelerated electron beams, x-rays, or gamma radiation ((60) co or (137) cs). 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-acbs) are the only known radiolytic products generated from foods that have fatty acids (triglycerides) and are subjected to irradiation. since the 1990s toxicolog ...201728598571
the rcs-regulated colanic acid capsule maintains membrane potential in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the rcs phosphorelay and psp (phage shock protein) systems are envelope stress responses that are highly conserved in gammaproteobacteria. the rcs regulon was found to be strongly induced during metal deprivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lacking the psp response. nineteen genes activated by the rcsa-rcsb response regulator make up an operon responsible for the production of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide, which promotes biofilm development. despite more than half a centur ...201728588134
impact of sweet potato starch-based nanocomposite films activated with thyme essential oil on the shelf-life of baby spinach leaves.salmonella typhimurium (s. typhi) and escherichia coli (e. coli) have been responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks linked to fresh produce, such as baby spinach leaves, in the last two decades. more recently, antimicrobial biodegradable packaging systems have been attracting much attention in the food packaging industry as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastic packaging. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibacterial nanocomposite films on inoculate ...201728587199
evaluation of genetic toxicity of 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (don).don (6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine), a glutamine antagonist, was demonstrated to exhibit analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer properties. the study was performed to characterize its in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity potential. don was tested in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (ames test) using salmonella typhimurium tester strains (ta98, ta100, ta1535 and ta1537) and escherichia coli tester strain (wp2 uvra) with and without s9 and also with reductive s9. in addition, don was ...201728552037
antibiofilm activity and mode of action of dmso alone and its combination with afatinib against gram-negative pathogens.biofilms are complex microbial communities that tend to attach to either biotic or abiotic surface. enclosed in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (eps) matrix, the biofilms often cause persistent infections. the objective of this study was to investigate the antibiofilm activity of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and afatinib against gram-negative pathogens. test microorganisms used in this study were escherichia coli atcc 1299, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 10145, and salmonella typhimu ...201728540585
detecting and discriminating shigella sonnei using an aptamer-based fluorescent biosensor platform.in this paper, a whole-bacteria selex (wb-selex) strategy was adopted to isolate specific aptamers against shigella sonnei. real-time pcr amplification and post-selex experiment revealed that the selected aptmers possessed a high binding affinity and specificity for s. sonnei. of the 21 aptamers tested, the c(t) values of the ss-3 and ss-4 aptamers (ct = 13.89 and ct = 12.23, respectively) had the lowest value compared to other aptamer candidates. the ss-3 and ss-4 aptamers also displayed a bind ...201728513559
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