Publications

antibodies from chicken eggs as probes for antigens from pasteuria penetrans endospores.	the bacteria pasteuria spp. have been identified as among the most promising of several microbial organisms currently under investigation as biological control agents of plant-parasitic nematodes. as part of our goal to develop methods to discriminate isolates of pasteuria penetrans with different host preferences, we investigated the potential of developing antibody probes to identify endospores of different isolates of p. penetrans. polyclonal igy antibodies were raised in chickens against end ...	1997	19274158
estimating incidence of attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne spp. with tally thresholds.	pasteuria penetrans has .been identified as an important biological control agent of root-knot nematodes. in this study the use of tally thresholds was evaluated for estimating p. penetrans endospore attachment to second-stage juveniles (j2) of meloidogyne spp. a tally threshold (t) is defined as the maximum number of individuals in a sample unit that may be treated as absent based on binomial sampling. three different data sets that originated from centrifugal bioassay, incubation bioassay, and ...	1997	19274161
temperature effects on the attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne arenaria race 1.	pasteuria penetrans is a gram positive bacterium that prevents meloidogyne spp. from reproducing and diminishes their ability to penetrate roots. the attachment of the endospores to the cuticle of the nematodes is the first step in the life cycle of the bacterium and is essential for its reproduction. as a preliminary study to a field solarization test, the effects of temperature on the attachment of p. penetrans on meloidogyne arenaria race 1 were investigated. preexposing second-stage juvenile ...	1997	19274192
effects of monoclonal antibodies, cationized ferritin, and other organic molecules on adhesion of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne incognita.	the incidence of adhesion of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) was studied after pretreatment of the latter with monoclonal antibodies (mab), cationized ferritin, and other organic molecules in replicated trials. monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular epitope of m. incognita second-stage juveniles gave significant reductions in attachment of p. penetrans endospores to treated nematodes. mab bound to the entire length of j2 except for the ...	1997	19274193
diversity and partial characterization of putative virulence determinants in pasteuria penetrans, the hyperparasitic bacterium of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.).	antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised to the surface of the obligate nematode hyperparasite pasteuria penetrans were characterized. using the attachment of spores of the bacterium to host nematodes to determine the biological variability present on the spore surface greatly underestimated the amount of surface heterogeneity present compared with estimates from immunological techniques. this heterogeneity differed not only between different individual spores from the same pop ...	1997	9281826
modulation of spore adhesion of the hyperparasitic bacterium pasteuria penetrans to nematode cuticle.	monoclonal antibodies (mab) raised to the cuticule surface of second-stage juveniles (j2) of the nematode heterodera cajani were partially characterized by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. five antigens with relative molecular weights (m(r)) 55, 80, 110, 180 and 210 kda were identified with six mab. pasteuria spores, originating from the same population of h. cajani to which the antibodies were raised, were tested for their ability to attach to j2, which had been pretreated with eac ...	1997	9449856
ultrastructure, morphology, and sporogenesis of pasteuria penetrans.	abstract pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes that shows great potential as a biocontrol agent. scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructure, morphology, and sporogenesis of four isolates of p. penetrans. the effects of different meloidogyne spp. and tobacco cultivars on sporangium size and morphology of endospores attached to the cuticle of second-stage juveniles (j2) of root-knot nematodes also were investigated. the p. penet ...	1997	18945170
suppression of meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica by pasteuria penetrans in field soil.	the role of pasteuria penetrans in suppressing numbers of root-knot nematodes was investigated in a 7-year monocuhure of tobacco in a field naturally infested with a mixed population of meloidogyne incognita race 1 and m. javanica. the suppressiveness of the soil was tested using four treatments: autoclaving (ac), microwaving (mw), air drying (dr), and untreated. the treated soil bioassays consisted of tobacco cv. northrup king 326 (resistant to m. incognita but susceptible to m. javanica) and c ...	1996	19277344
quantification of endospore concentrations of pasteuria penetrans in tomato root material.	six methods for quantification of the endospore concentrations of pasteuria penetrans from tomato roots are described. mortar disruption and machine disruption methods gave the highest estimations (endospores per gram of root material) of 83.7 and 79.0 million, respectively. these methods were significantly superior to incubation bioassay (47.7 million), enzymatic disruption (32.1 million), and enzymatic disruption + flotation (25.8 million) methods. a centrifugation bioassay method gave the low ...	1996	19277345
suppression of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 by soil application of endospores of pasteuria penetrans.	the potential of pasteuria penetrans for suppressing meloidogyne arenaria race 1 on peanut (arachis hypogaea) was tested over a 2-year period in a field microplot experiment. endospores of p. penetrans were mass-produced on m. arenaria race 1 infecting tomato plants. endospores were inoculated in the first year only at rates of 0, 1,000, 3,000, 10,000, and 100,000 endospores/g of soil, respectively, into the top 20 cm of microplots that were previously infested with m. arenaria race 1. one peanu ...	1996	19277131
attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to the surface of meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles.	pasteuria penetrans spore adhesion to meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles (j2) was examined following several different pretreatments of the latter. the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate and triton x-100, the carbohydrates fucose and alpha-methyl-d-mannoside, and the lectins concanavalin a and wheat germ agglutinin reduced spore attachment. spores exposed to m. javanica surface coat (sc) extract exhibited decreased adherence to the j2 surface. second-stage juveniles that had been treated ...	1996	19277150
the surface coat of plant-parasitic nematodes: chemical composition, origin, and biological role-a review.	chemical composition, origin, and biological role of the surface coat (sc) of plant-parasitic nematodes are described and compared with those of animal-parasitic and free-living nematodes. the sc of the plant-parasitic nematodes is 5-30 nm thick and is characterized by a net negative charge. it consists, at least in part, of glycoproteins and proteins with various molecular weights, depending upon the nematode species. the lability of its components and the binding of human red blood cells to th ...	1995	19277272
atomic force microscopy of plant-parasitic nematodes.	a simple method for atomic force microscopy (afm) of nematode cuticle was developed to visualize the external topography of helicotylenchus lobus, meloidogyne javanica, m. incognita, and xiphinema diversicaudatum. endospores of two isolates of the nematode parasite, pasteuria penetrans, adhering to m. incognita and x. diversicaudatum were also visualized and measured by this technique. scanning procedures were applied to specimens killed and dehydrated in air or dehydrated and stored in glycerol ...	1995	19277280
phenotypic adaptations in pasteuria spp. nematode parasites.	the endospore and central core diameters of 69 isolates of pasteuria spp. showed a relationship with the body wall thickness of their corresponding host nematodes. a relationship was also observed when cuticle and hypodermis layer data were derived from transmission electron microscopy micrographs. principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on endospore and central core diameters and host nematode body wall thickness delineated six distinct groups. five groups included ...	1995	19277296
occurrence of pasteuria-like organisms on selected plant-pamsitic nematodes of pineapple in the hawaiian islands.	soils from 320 sites representing diverse undisturbed habitats from five hawaiian islands were assessed for occurrence of pasteuria-like organisms. mean annual rainfall at sites ranged from 125-350 cm, elevation from 69-2,286 m, and annual mean temperature from 12-24 c. seven different natural communities were represented: wet lowland, mesic lowland, wet montane, mesk montane, dry montane, mesic subalpine, and dry alpine. pasteuria spp. in a soil sample was detected by baiting with infective sta ...	1995	19277305
effects of soil treatments on the survival of soil microorganisms.	in biological control studies of plant-parasitic nematodes in field soil improved methods are needed for reducing or eliminating specific soil inhabiting microorganisms. microwave heating of soil decreases soilborne fungi and bacteria, but not pasteuria spp. bacterial and fungal colony forming units were reduced to nondetectable levels in microwaved heated field soft (650 watts) at 5.2% moisture when treated for 6 minutes and 4 minutes, respectively.	1995	19277338
first report of pasteuria sp. attacking heterodera glycines in north america.	endospores of a pasteuria sp. were observed on heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles and males recovered from soil in microplots in which nematode populations had been declining for several years. conventional scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and measure endospores on second-stage juveniles (j2) of both a race 3 and a race 4 population. endospores were elipsoidal; those attached to j2 of race 3 measured (x) 4.2 x 3.7 mum with a height of 2.0 mum, and those on race 4 were 4.3 ...	1994	19279935
occurrence of pasteuria spp. in florida.	two years of data collected from the florida nematode assay laboratory of the florida cooperative extension service and 4 years of data from the florida department of agriculture and consumer services, division of plant industry, were compiled to find out the distribution of pasteuria spp. on nematodes in florida soils. information recorded came from 335 samples and included nematode genera with pasteuria endospores attached, host plants associated with the samples, and the origins of the sample ...	1994	19279936
response of meloidogyne spp. to pasteuria penetrans, fungi, and cultural practices in tobacco.	the response of a mixed population of meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica to three cultural practices, tobacco cultivars (two cultivars, differing in resistance to m. incognita), cover treatments (three treatments), and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (two treatments), pasteuria penetrans, and soil-borne fungi was investigated in a tobacco field in 1991. on all sampling dates, higher densities of root-knot nematodes were observed on tobacco cv. coker 371 gold than on k-326. initially, forage sor ...	1994	19279937
a centrifugation method for attaching endospores of pasteuria spp. to nematodes.	attachment of relatively low numbers of endospores from two isolates of pasteuria spp. to several species of nematodes was consistently achieved in 2-5 minutes with a centrifugation technique. the rate of attachment of pasteuria penetrans at 10 endospores/0.1 ml/tube to second-stage juveniles (j2) of meloidogyne javanica, m. incognita race 1, m. incognita race 3, and m. arenaria races 1 and 2 in two tests averaged 4.4, 5.2, 0.1, 0.3, and 0 endospores per j2, respectively. the rate of attachment ...	1993	19279840
parasitism of helicotylenchus lobus by pasteuria penetrans in naturally infested soil.	the population density of helicotylenchus lobus and the percentage of the population with spores of pasteuria penetrans were determined for 10 monthly intervals in naturally infested turf grass soil at riverside, california. the percentage of nematodes with attached spores ranged from 40% to 67%. no relationship was found between nematode density and the percentage of nematodes with spores. the mean and maximum numbers of spores adhering per nematode with at least one spore ranged from 2 to 8 an ...	1992	19283198
pasteuria sp. parasitizing trophonema okamotoi in florida.	two populations of trophonema okamotoi parasitized by pasteuria sp. were found on liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) and on an unidentified tropical grass in north-central florida. endospores of this pasteuria sp. attached to motile vermiform second-stage juveniles (j2) and males of t. okamotoi, but not to other developmental stages. sporangia and new endospores were produced only inside the bodies of swollen and sedentary third- and fourth-stage juveniles and females that developed in the host ...	1992	19283199
effect of temperature on attachment, development, and interactions of pasteuria penetrans on meloidogyne incognita.	the effect of temperature (10, 20, 25, 30, and 35 c) on attachment and development of pasteuria penetrans on meloidogyne arenaria race 1 was elevated in growth chambers. the greatest attachment rate of endospores of p. penetrans occurred on second-stage juveniles at 30 c. the bacterium developed more quickly within its host at 30 and 35 c than at 25 c or below. the development of the bacterium within the nematode female was divided into nine recognizable life stages, which ranged from early vege ...	1992	19283029
population development of pasteuria penetrans on meloidogyne arenaria.	a microplot study on the influence of cropping sequences with peanut in summer and bare fallowed or cover crops of rye or vetch in winter on the population development of pasteuria penetrans was initiated in the spring of 1987. the number of spores of p. penetrans attached per second-stage juvenile of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 increased from 0.11 in the fall of 1987 to 7.6, 8.6, and 3.6 in the fall of 1989 in the rye, vetch, and fallowed plots, respectively. higher (p </= 0.05) levels of p. pe ...	1991	19283094
characterisation of potential adhesins of the bacterium pasteuria penetrans, and of putative receptors on the cuticle of meloidogyne incognita, a nematode host.	pasteuria penetrans spores were fragmented by glass bead vortexing, producing exosporial membranes and spore fragments, which consisted of fibre bundles. both exosporia and spore fragments are capable of host-specific attachment to the cuticle of meloidogyne incognita, a root-knot nematode host. putative m. incognita receptors appear to be soluble in beta-mercaptoethanol (bme) but not sds, and are also sensitive to tryptic digestion and deglycosylation by endoglycosidase f. polyclonal antibodies ...	1991	1808209
pasteuria nishizawae sp. nov., a mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitic on cyst nematodes of genera heterodera and globodera.	this study describes pasteuria nishizawae sp. nov., a fourth species of the genus pasteuria. this mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitizes the adult females of cyst-forming nematodes in the genera heterodera and globodera. the distinct ultrastructural features and unique host range found for this bacterium separate it from two closely related species, pasteuria penetrans, which parasitizes several species of root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne, and pasteuria thornei, which a ...	1991	1947427
specific gravity of spores of pasteuria penetrans and extraction of spore-filled nematodes from soil.	the specific gravity of spores of pasteuria penetrans collected from meloidogyne arenaria was found to be around 1.28. increasing the sucrose concentration used for the extraction of pratylenchus scribneri from a specific gravity of 1.14 to 1.26 led to the recovery of higher numbers of specimens filled with spores of pasteuria sp. (p </= 0.05). the numbers of spore-filled specimens of hoplolaimus galeatus recovered from field soil were not affected by the concentration of the sucrose solutions. ...	1991	19283193
host range and ecology of isolates of pasteuria spp. from the southeastern united states.	isolates of pasteuria penetrans were evaluated for ecological characteristics that are important in determining their potential as biological control agents. isolate p-20 survived without loss of its ability to attach to its host nematode in dry, moist, and wet soil and in soil wetted and dried repeatedly for 6 weeks. some spores moved 6.4 cm (the maximum distance tested) downward in soil within 3 days with percolating water. the isolates varied greatly in their attachment to different nematode ...	1990	19287753
antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes in florida citrus.	in a survey of antagonists of nematodes in 27 citrus groves, each with a history of tylenchulus semipenetrans infestation, and 17 noncitrus habitats in florida, approximately 24 species of microbial antagonists capable of attacking vermiform stages of radopholus citrophilus were recovered. eleven of these microbes and a species of pasteuria also were observed attacking vermiform stages of t. semipenetrans. verticillium chlamydosporium, paecilomyces lilacinus, p. marquandii, streptomyces sp., art ...	1990	19287759
isolates of the pasteuria penetrans group from phytoparasitic nematodes in bermudagrass turf.	a survey was conducted between 1985 and 1989 of isolates of the pasteuria penetrans group on phytoparasitic nematodes in bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) turf in southern florida. six different isolates of the p. penetrans group were observed from five different species of phytoparasitic nematode hosts. five of the bacterial isolates were different (p </= 0.01) in sporangium diameter, endospore width, and ratio of sporangium diameter to endospore width. all locations surveyed had one or more isolates ...	1990	19287792
parasitism of the citrus nematode, tylenchulus semipenetrans, by pasteuria penetrans in iraq.		1989	19287633
pasteuria thornei sp. nov. and pasteuria penetrans sensu stricto emend., mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria parasitic, respectively, on plant-parasitic nematodes of the genera pratylenchus and meloidogyne.	descriptions are presented of two members of the pasteuria penetrans group of mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria, parasitic on plant-parasitic nematodes. in one case, the epithet p. penetrans sensu stricto emend. has now been limited to members of this group with cup-shaped sporangia and ellipsoidal endospores, parasitic primarily on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the second organism, with rhomboidal sporangia and nearly spherical endospores, which is parasitic primarily on t ...	1988	3382544
bacterial flora in bottled uncarbonated mineral drinking water.	a quantitative study of bacterial populations in mineral water was carried out. samples were stored at 6 and 20 degrees c, and the colony counts were determined on tryptone agar plates incubated at 22 and 37 degrees c. samples were collected from the spring source in sterile glass flasks and from the bottling factory in conventional plastic and glass containers. in both cases, the initial population (10(1)-10(2) cfu/ml water) increased to 10(5)-10(6) cfu/ml after 3 days storage as determined fro ...	1987	3446349
biological control of meloidogyne incognita by paecilomyces lilacinus and pasteuria penetrans.	the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was controlled more effectively and yields of host plants were greater when paecilomyces lilacinus and pasteuria penetrans were applied together in field microplots than when either was applied alone. yields of winter vetch from microplots inoculated with the nematode and with both organisms were not statistically different from yields from uninoculated control plots.	1987	19290133
molecular genetic evidence for early evolutionary origin of budding peptidoglycan-less eubacteria.	recent studies on the cell wall composition of budding, non-prosthecate bacteria have shown that representatives of the genera planctomyces and pasteuria (sensu staley, 1973) lack the peptidoglycan moiety, which is the characteristic feature of eubacterial cell walls, but possess an as yet unidentified protein sheet instead; in this respect planctomyces and pasteuria strains resemble certain archaebacteria more than eubacteria. to determine their phylogenetic positions, the 16s ribosomal rnas of ...	1984	6700702
biocontrol: bacillus penetrans and related parasites of nematodes.	bacillus penetrans mankau, 1975, previously described as duboscqia penetrans thorne 1940, is a candidate agent for biocontrol of nematodes. this review considers the life stages of this bacterium: vegetative growth phase, colony fragmentation, sporogenesis, soil phase, spore attachment, and penetration into larvae of root-knot nematodes. the morphology of the microthallus colonies and the unusual external features of the spore are discussed. taxonomic affinities with the actinomycetes, particula ...	1980	19300701
bacterial parasite of a plant nematode: morphology and ultrastructure.	the life cycle of a bacterial endoparasite of the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the infective stage begins with the attachment of an endospore to the surface of the nematode. a germ tube then penetrates the cuticle, and mycelil colonies form in the pseudocoelom. sporulation is initiated when terminal cells of the mycelium enlarge to form sporangia. a septum within each sporangium divides the forespore from the basal ...	1977	838678
occurrence in monia rectirostris (cladocera: daphnidae) of a parasite morphologically similar to pasteuria ramosa (metchnikoff, 1888).	pasteuria ramosa, a bacterial parasite of the cladocerans daphnia pulex and d. magna, was described by metchnikoff in 1888. because the organism could not be cultured, it was subsequently lost. however, the original illustrations and descriptions of the life cycle of p. ramosa are similar to a bacterial spore parasite of nematodes (bspn) that was recently described in meloidogyne. as a result of these similarities, a search for p. ramosa was initiated. an organism resembling p. ramosa was found ...	1977	922608
budding bacteria of the pasteuria-blastobacter group.		1973	4122691