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evaluation of antimicrobial treatment in a bovine model of acute chlamydia psittaci infection: tetracycline versus tetracycline plus rifampicin.antimicrobial treatment of chlamydial infections is known to be of limited efficacy. in this study, effects of doxycycline (d), usually the drug of choice, were compared with the combined therapy of doxycycline and rifampicin (r) in a bovine model of respiratory chlamydia psittaci infection. after intrabronchial inoculation of the pathogen, 30 animals were assigned to five groups (n = 6 per group): untreated controls, monotherapy with d (5 mg kg(-1)day(-1) or 10 mg kg(-1)day(-1)), and combinatio ...201525113145
transcriptional analysis of 10 selected genes in a model of penicillin g induced persistence of chlamydophila psittaci in hela cells.chlamydophila psittaci is an important intracellular pathogen. persistent infection is an important state of the host-parasite interaction in this chlamydial infection, which plays a significant role in spreading the organism within animal populations and in causing chronic chlamydiosis and serious sequelae. in this study, a c. psittaci persistent infection cell model was induced by penicillin g, and real-time quantitative pcr was used to study the transcriptional levels of 10 c. psittaci genes ...201525876597
chlamydia psittaci in ducks: a hidden health risk for poultry workers.chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen associated primarily with avian chlamydiosis also referred as psittacosis. human psittacosis can lead to severe cases of respiratory disease. the mule duck is one of the main bird hybrids associated with human cases of psittacosis in france. in order to better understand the epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, monitoring studies were performed in both breeder flocks and mule duck flocks. surveys conducted in one professional duck bredding organization re ...201525854003
chlamydia psittaci: update on an underestimated zoonotic agent.chlamydia (c.) psittaci is an economically relevant pathogen in poultry and pet birds, where it causes psittacosis/ornithosis, and also a human pathogen causing atypical pneumonia after zoonotic transmission. despite its well-documented prevalence, the agent has received less attention by researchers than other chlamydia spp. in the last decades. in the present paper, we review recently published data on c. psittaci infection and attempt to single out characteristic features distinguishing it fr ...201525853998
sinc, a type iii secreted protein of chlamydia psittaci, targets the inner nuclear membrane of infected cells and uninfected neighbors.sinc, a new type iii secreted protein of the avian and human pathogen chlamydia psittaci, uniquely targets the nuclear envelope of c. psittaci-infected cells and uninfected neighboring cells. digitonin-permeabilization studies of sinc-gfp-transfected hela cells indicate that sinc targets the inner nuclear membrane. sinc localization at the nuclear envelope was blocked by importazole, confirming sinc import into the nucleus. candidate partners were identified by proximity to biotin ligase-fused s ...201525788290
enrofloxacin and macrolides alone or in combination with rifampicin as antimicrobial treatment in a bovine model of acute chlamydia psittaci infection.chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic bacterium with a wide host range that can cause respiratory disease in humans and cattle. in the present study, effects of treatment with macrolides and quinolones applied alone or in combination with rifampicin were tested in a previously established bovine model of respiratory c. psittaci infection. fifty animals were inoculated intrabronchially at the age of 6-8 weeks. seven served as untreated controls, the others were assigned to seven treatment groups: (i) ...201525768665
whole-genome sequences of chlamydia psittaci strain hj, isolated from meat pigeons with severe respiratory distress and high mortality.the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium chlamydia psittaci causes systemic disease in psittacine birds, domestic poultry, and wild fowl. importantly, c. psittaci may cause pneumonia, encephalitis, endocarditis, and even death in humans. the potential of pigeons as a source of human psittacosis is supported worldwide by relatively high seroconversion rates in the birds. this study reports the whole-genome sequencing of c. psittaci strain hj, isolated from meat pigeons suffering from se ...201525744990
seroprevalence and risk factors of chlamydia psittaci infection in domestic geese anser domestica, in hainan province of china.chlamydia psittaci, the agent of psittacosis in humans, infects a wide range of bird species. to assess the risk of psittacosis posed by domestic geese in china, the seroprevalence of c. psittaci infection in domestic geese in hainan province, tropical china was examined using indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). the overall seroprevalence was estimated at 25.6% (461/1800; 95% ci: 23.6-27.6). the c. psittaci seroprevalence ranged from 19% (95% ci: 14.6-23.4) to 34% (95% ci: 28.6-39.4) among di ...201525700712
the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of chlamydophila psittaci is involved in the host inflammatory response by activating the jnk/erk signaling pathway.chlamydophila psittaci (c. psittaci) is a human zoonotic pathogen, which could result in severe respiratory disease. in the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism of the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of c. psittaci in regulating the inflammatory response in host cells. c. psittaci-infected thp-1 cells were incubated with the specific t3ss inhibitor inp0007, inhibitors of erk, p38, or jnk, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using q-pcr and elisa. the levels o ...201525685800
typing of chlamydia psittaci to monitor epidemiology of psittacosis and aid disease control in the netherlands, 2008 to 2013. 201525677053
chlamydophila psittaci-negative ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas express self polyreactive b-cell receptors.the pathogenesis of chlamydophila psittaci-negative ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (oaemzls) is poorly understood. oaemzls are monoclonal tumors expressing a biased repertoire of mutated surface immunoglobulins. antigenic activation of the b-cell receptor (bcr) may have a role in the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. we have analyzed the reactivity of recombinant oaemzl immunoglobulins. oaemzl antibodies reacted with self-human antigens, as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunos ...201525676418
host preference and zoonotic potential of chlamydia psittaci and c. gallinacea in poultry.chlamydia psittaci and c. gallinacea are obligate intracellular bacteria infecting poultry. we conducted a survey in two poultry slaughterhouses that were processing either exclusively ducks (a) or various poultry species except ducks (b). cloacal swabs were collected from all incoming poultry flocks in the course of a week, and blood samples and pharyngeal swabs were taken from workers. swabs were examined using pcr and sera were analyzed with two immunoassays. pcr testing revealed the presence ...201525663344
cross-species transmission and emergence of novel viruses from birds.birds, the only living member of the dinosauria clade, are flying warm-blooded vertebrates displaying high species biodiversity, roosting and migratory behavior, and a unique adaptive immune system. birds provide the natural reservoir for numerous viral species and therefore gene source for evolution, emergence and dissemination of novel viruses. the intrusions of human into natural habitats of wild birds, the domestication of wild birds as pets or racing birds, and the increasing poultry consum ...201525644327
identification of in vivo-induced bacterial protein antigens during calf infection with chlamydia psittaci.chlamydia (c.) psittaci, the causative agent of ornithosis, is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a unique developmental cycle and a high potential for zoonotic transmission. various mammalian hosts, such as cattle, horse, sheep and man that are in close contact with contaminated birds can get infected (referred to as psittacosis). since little is known about long-term sequelae of chronic disease and the molecular mechanisms of chlamydial pathogenesis, a key step in understanding the in viv ...201525595025
seroprevalence studies on animal chlamydiosis amongst ruminants in five states of india.animal chlamydiosis, caused by different chlamydial species, is characterized by clinical or subclinical disease manifestations in cattle, buffalo, ovine, caprine and wild animal species. animal chlamydiosis often remains underdiagnosed or undiagnosed, and its status in many parts of india is still unknown. hence, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of animal chlamydiosis amongst ruminant livestock species of five states of india.201527047000
chlamydia psittaci in eurasian collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) in italy.we investigated the chlamydia spp. occurrence in eurasian collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) from urban and suburban areas in northern italy. among 76 doves screened, prevalence of chlamydia spp. was 61%. chlamydia psittaci genotype e was identified in 33 of the 46 positive samples. the multilocus sequence typing pattern of one highly positive sample showed a new allelic combination. the same molecular features were observed in a c. psittaci strain subsequently isolated from a live dove. our ...201525375950
seroprevalence and genotype of chlamydia in pet parrots in china.parrots are one of the most popular pet birds in china, and can harbour chlamydia which has significance for human and animal health. we investigated, by indirect haemagglutination assay, the seroprevalence of chlamydia infection in four species of parrots, namely budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus), lovebirds (agapornis sp.), cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and alexandrine parakeets (psittacula eupatria) that were collected from weifang and beijing cities, north china and explored the asso ...201524588856
evaluation of pulmonary dysfunctions and acid-base imbalances induced by chlamydia psittaci in a bovine model of respiratory infection.chlamydia psittaci (cp) is a respiratory pathogen capable of inducing acute pulmonary zoonotic disease (psittacosis) or persistent infection. to elucidate the pathogenesis of this infection, a translational large animal model was recently introduced by our group. this study aims at quantifying and differentiating pulmonary dysfunction and acid-base imbalances induced by cp.201424517577
chlamydia psittaci exposure in pet birds.chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of avian hosts and may be transmitted to humans and cause severe disease. to assess the risk of psittacosis posed by pet birds, the seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci antibodies in 360 eurasian siskins (carduelis spinus), 289 oriental skylarks (alauda arvensis) and 36 black-tailed grosbeaks (coccothraustes migratorius) in gansu province, north-western china was detected by an indirect haemagglutination assay. twenty-seven out of 289 ( ...201424445511
development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for specific and rapid detection of differential goat pox virus and sheep pox virus.capripox viruses are economically important pathogens in goat and sheep producing areas of the world, with specific focus on goat pox virus (gtpv), sheep pox virus (sppv) and the lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). clinically, sheep pox and goat pox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. this presents a real need for a rapid, inexpensive, and easy to operate and maintain genotyping tool to facilitate accurate disease diagnosis and surveillance for better management of cap ...201424438089
risk factors associated with chlamydia psittaci infection in psittacine birds.chlamydia psittaci is the aetiological agent of chlamydiosis in birds, especially psittaciformes. the objective of the present study was to detect c. psittaci by means of semi-nested pcr among psittacine birds sold at pet markets and kept as pet birds in salvador, bahia, brazil. questionnaires were used to identify risk factors involved in the epidemiology of the disease. in addition, the management of birds and cages was observed at each location studied. the frequency of c. psittaci infection ...201424430249
zoonotic infection with chlamydia psittaci at an avian refuge centre.this paper reports the zoonotic transmission of chlamydia psittaci at a wild bird refuge centre resulting in the infection of members of the staff. pharyngeal swabs were culture positive in 26% (11/42) of the sampled birds, and molecular characterisation of isolates revealed genotypes a, b, d, and e/b. the finding reflects multiple distinct infections and highlights the endemic nature of this pathogen in avian wildlife. two clinically normal birds being prepared for release were found to be excr ...201424326117
emerging chlamydia psittaci infections in chickens and examination of transmission to humans.chlamydia psittaci and atypical chlamydiaceae infections are (re)-emerging in chickens. we therefore examined the prevalence of c. psittaci, atypical chlamydiaceae and their zoonotic transmission on 19 belgian chicken farms. atypical chlamydiaceae were not detected in chickens but 18 out of 19 farms were positive for c. psittaci by culture and pcr. c. psittaci ompa genotypes a and d were discovered. none of the examined humans (n = 31) was infected with atypical chlamydiaceae, but 29 (93.5%) of ...201424324029
the complement c3a receptor is critical in defense against chlamydia psittaci in mouse lung infection and required for antibody and optimal t cell response.the complement system protects against extracellular pathogens and links innate and adaptive immunity. in this study, we investigated the anaphylatoxin c3a receptor (c3ar) in chlamydia psittaci lung infection and elucidated c3a-dependent adaptive immune mechanisms.201424273177
mixed infection by fowlpox virus and chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock.an outbreak of fowlpox occurred in a commercial laying hen flock in one of the western provinces of poland. clinical signs suggested fowlpox and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological detection of bollinger bodies within the epithelial cells. detailed ultrastructural examination revealed an additional concurrent infection with chlamydia-like particles. the particles were identified by pcr as fowlpox virus and chlamydophila psittaci. it is worth noting that both pathogens can generate m ...201423974932
multiple human-to-human transmission from a severe case of psittacosis, sweden, january-february 2013.proven transmission of chlamydia psittaci between humans has been described on only one occasion previously. we describe an outbreak which occurred in sweden in early 2013, where the epidemiological and serological investigation suggests that one patient, severely ill with psittacosis after exposure to wild bird droppings, transmitted the disease to ten others: two family members, one hospital roommate and seven hospital caregivers. three cases also provided respiratory samples that could be ana ...201425358043
detection of chlamydia psittaci in belgian cattle with signs of respiratory disease and milk drop syndrome. 201425351231
chlamydia psittaci: new insights into genomic diversity, clinical pathology, host-pathogen interaction and anti-bacterial immunity.the distinctive and unique features of the avian and mammalian zoonotic pathogen chlamydia (c.) psittaci include the fulminant course of clinical disease, the remarkably wide host range and the high proportion of latent infections that are not leading to overt disease. current knowledge on associated diseases is rather poor, even in comparison to other chlamydial agents. in the present paper, we explain and summarize the major findings of a national research network that focused on the elucidati ...201425082204
genome-wide dna methylation profiles according to chlamydophila psittaci infection and the response to doxycycline treatment in ocular adnexal lymphoma.to compare genome-wide dna methylation profiles according to chlamydophila psittaci (cp) infection status and the response to doxycycline treatment in korean patients with ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (emzl).201425053874
the bovine lung in biomedical research: visually guided bronchoscopy, intrabronchial inoculation and in vivo sampling techniques.there is an ongoing search for alternative animal models in research of respiratory medicine. depending on the goal of the research, large animals as models of pulmonary disease often resemble the situation of the human lung much better than mice do. working with large animals also offers the opportunity to sample the same animal repeatedly over a certain course of time, which allows long-term studies without sacrificing the animals. the aim was to establish in vivo sampling methods for the use ...201425046445
chlamydiosis in british garden birds (2005-2011): retrospective diagnosis and chlamydia psittaci genotype determination.the significance of chlamydiosis as a cause of mortality in wild passerines (order passeriformes), and the role of these birds as a potential source of zoonotic chlamydia psittaci infection, is unknown. we reviewed wild bird mortality incidents (2005-2011). where species composition or post-mortem findings were indicative of chlamydiosis, we examined archived tissues for c. psittaci infection using pcr and arraytube microarray assays. twenty-one of 40 birds tested positive: 8 dunnocks (prunella ...201424947738
whole-genome sequences of low-virulence strain cb3 and mild strain cb7 of chlamydia psittaci.avian chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen especially dispersed from birds, and it is known to cause pericarditis, pneumonia, lateral nasal adenitis, peritonitis, hepatitis, splenitis, and other diseases. generalized infections result in fever, anorexia, lethargy, and diarrhea, depending on the chlamydial genotype and the affected bird species. although many complete genomes of c. psittaci have been sequenced, we report here the genomes of two strains isolated from t ...201424903864
rapid metagenomic diagnostics for suspected outbreak of severe pneumonia. 201424857411
chlamydia psittaci inclusion membrane protein incb associates with host protein snapin.chlamydia (c.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis in birds and humans, is the most important zoonotic pathogen of the family chlamydiaceae. during a unique developmental cycle of this obligate intracellular pathogen, the infectious elementary body gains access to the susceptible host cell, where it transforms into the replicative reticulate body. c. psittaci uses dynein motor proteins for optimal early development. chlamydial proteins that mediate this process are unknown. two-hybrid s ...201424751478
the prevalence and genetic characterization of chlamydia psittaci from domestic and feral pigeons in poland and the correlation between infection rate and incidence of pigeon circovirus.chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by chlamydia psittaci that occurs in a wide range of bird species. high infection rates with c. psittaci are found in pigeons, which can act as vectors transmitting this bacterium to poultry and humans. chlamydia shedding by pigeons is intermittent and can be activated by stressors or immunosuppression. the most common immunosuppressive factor for pigeons is a pigeon circovirus (picv) infection. the main aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of ...201425306457
[serological evidence of infection by three species of chlamydia in pregnant women in mexico].background: chlamydiales are obligate intracellular pathogens causing a wide range of diseases in humans and animals.201425412551
a presumptive case of baylisascaris procyonis in a feral green-cheeked amazon parrot (amazona viridigenalis).a feral green-cheeked amazon parrot (amazona viridigenalis), also known as the red-crowned amazon, with generalized neurologic symptoms was found in pasadena in southern california and brought in for treatment. the bird was refractory to a wide variety of medications and supportive treatment. tests for polyoma virus, psittacine beak and feather disease virus, and west nile virus as well as chlamydophila psittaci were negative. hospitalized and home care continued for a total of 69 days. the bird ...201424712176
a novel psittacine adenovirus identified during an outbreak of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis: zoonosis associated with virus-bacterium coinfection in birds.chlamydophila psittaci is found worldwide, but is particularly common among psittacine birds in tropical and subtropical regions. while investigating a human psittacosis outbreak that was associated with avian chlamydiosis in hong kong, we identified a novel adenovirus in epidemiologically linked mealy parrots, which was not present in healthy birds unrelated to the outbreak or in other animals. the novel adenovirus (tentatively named psittacine adenovirus hku1) was most closely related to duck ...201425474263
clinical features of endemic community-acquired psittacosis.following a large outbreak of community-acquired psittacosis in 2002 in residents of the blue mountains, new south wales, australia, we reviewed new cases in this area over a 7-year period from 2003 to 2009. using the 2010 criteria from the centers for disease control national notifiable diseases surveillance system, 85 patients with possible psittacosis were identified, of which 48 were identified as definite or probable infection. clinical features of these cases are summarized. in addition to ...201425356332
a real-time pcr assay for the detection of atypical strains of chlamydiaceae from pigeons.recent evidence of the occurrence of atypical chlamydiaceae strains in pigeons, different from the established chlamydiaceae, requires the development of a specific and rapid detection tool to investigate their prevalence and significance. here is described a new real-time pcr assay that allows specific detection of atypical chlamydiaceae from pigeons. the assay has been used to assess the dissemination of these strains in field samples collected from parisian pigeon populations in 2009. the res ...201323516548
comparative analysis of chlamydia psittaci genomes reveals the recent emergence of a pathogenic lineage with a broad host range.chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. interest in chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. c. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a cdc biothreat agent. one remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequen ...201323532978
protective efficacy against chlamydophila psittaci by oral immunization based on transgenic rice expressing momp in mice.avian chlamydiosis is caused by chlamydophila psittaci (cp. psittaci) and major outer membrane protein (momp) of cp. psittaci is an excellent vaccine candidate. in this study, the momp gene was expressed in rice callus by the agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. the production of protein in transgenic rice seeds was confirmed and quantified by western-blot and elisa, the results demonstrating that the antigen was expressed stably. the transgenic rice seeds expressing the momp protein were administe ...201323196208
development of a real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of anaplasma ovis infection.anaplasma ovis is a tick-borne intra-erythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of small ruminants. real-time pcr possesses merits of rapidity, accuracy, reliability, automation and ease of standardization, but has not been used for detection of a. ovis, to the best of our knowledge. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was developed for detection and quantification of a. ovis. species-specific primers and taqman probe were designed based on the glta gene. no cross-reactions were observed with anaplasma ...201324589111
marginal zone lymphomas and infectious agents.a link with infectious agents, bacteria and viruses in particular, has been reported for many lymphoma entities. marginal zone lymphomas (extranodal, nodal and splenic forms) are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. the well-known correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric malt-lymphoma, the recently reported links between chlamydophila psittaci and ocular adnexal malt-lymphoma and borrelia burgdorfe ...201324090976
microbiologic findings in acute facial palsy in children.microbiologic causes of facial palsy in children were investigated.201323657208
development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks.a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed to detect borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks, which is a pathogen that causes lyme disease. cross-reactions with chlamydia psittaci, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and some tick-borne pathogens were excluded. analytical sensitivity of lamp showed its detection limit was from 0.02 to 0.2 pg of dna in detection of the reference samples at 65°c for 40 min. the performance of lamp was assessed by testing 110 samples from suscepti ...201322587441
pcr-based diagnosis, molecular characterization and detection of atypical strains of avian chlamydia psittaci in companion and wild birds.chlamydiosis is one of the most important infectious diseases of birds. in this study, 253 clinical samples were taken from 27 bird species belonging to seven orders. thirty-two (12.6%) samples were positive for chlamydia psittaci major outer membrane gene (ompa) dna by a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). twelve nested pcr-positive specimens were typed by ompa gene-based pcr-restricted fragment length polymorphism, using ctu/ctl primers and alui restriction enzyme. four restriction pattern ...201323391180
epidemiological investigations on the possible risk of distribution of zoonotic bacteria through apparently healthy homing pigeons.clinically healthy homing pigeons may serve as an unnoticed reservoir for zoonotic bacteria. hence, healthy pigeons from 172 different racing pigeon lofts were examined for salmonella serovars, campylobacter spp. and chlamydophila (chlamydia) psittaci. two samplings were performed during the racing season in summer (1242 adult and 1164 juvenile pigeons) and two during winter (1074 adult pigeons). each sampling was accompanied by a questionnaire to identify risk factors for positive lofts. betwee ...201323930968
salmonella, campylobacter, and chlamydophila in bald ibis (geronticus eremita) feces in turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., and chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in turkey. a total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and by pcr for c. psittaci. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). ...201323505699
[mycoplasma and chlamydia as ethiological factors of bronchial asthma in terms of ethnogenesis].the study of the prevalence and clinical peculiarities of mycoplasmosis and chlamydiosis in patients with different pathogenic forms of bronchial asthma (ba) taking into account ethnicity of a patient.201324340964
pathogenicity of low and highly virulent chlamydia psittaci isolates for specific-pathogen-free chickens.in commercially raised poultry, chlamydiosis mostly seems to occur on turkey or duck farms, sometimes associated with zoonotic transmission and disease (psittacosis) in humans. however, chlamydia infections are apparently emerging in chickens, and information on the virulence of chlamydia in chickens is limited. up-to-date chlamydia psittaci genotypes b and d are most frequently found in broilers. we examined the pathogenicity of the well-characterized c. psittaci genotype b (cp3) and d (92/1293 ...201324689181
zoonotic atypical pneumonia due to chlamydophila psittaci: first reported psittacosis case in taiwan.human psittacosis caused by chlamydophila psittaci is one of the most common zoonotic atypical pneumonias featuring pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary infections. most of the cases involve avian contact history especially with psittacine birds. herein we report a 44-year-old male patient displaying atypical pneumonia symptoms of intermittent fever, dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea, headache, hepatitis, and hyponatremia. he had two sick cockatiels, one of which had died a month previously. a micro ...201323927984
chlamydia bacteriophages.phages are called "good viruses" due to their ability to infect and kill pathogenic bacteria. chlamydia are small, gram-negative (g-) microbes that can be dangerous to human and animals. in humans, these bacteria are etiological agents of diseases such as psittacosis or respiratory tract diseases, while in animals, the infection may result in enteritis in cattle and chronic bowel diseases, as well as miscarriages in sheep. the first-known representative of chlamydiaphages was chp1. it was discov ...201323903989
antibiotic therapy in nongastrointestinal malt lymphoma: a review of the literature.although antibiotic therapy has been established as the standard of care in patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma, much less is known about the value of antibiotic therapy in nongastrointestinal (non-gi) malt lymphomas. a computerized search (medline) accompanied by a manual search to identify clinical reports on the topic of antibacterial therapy in patients with non-gi malt lymphomas was performed. the majority of data were available for malt lymphoma of the o ...201323770778
unusual increase of psittacosis in southern sweden linked to wild bird exposure, january to april 2013.free-living wild birds worldwide act as reservoir for chlamydia psittaci, but the risk of transmission to humans through contact with wild birds has not been widely documented. from 12 january to april 9 2013, a total of 25 cases of psittacosis were detected in southern sweden, about a threefold increase compared with the mean of the previous 10 years. a matched case-control study investigating both domestic and wild bird exposure showed that cases were more likely than controls to have cleaned ...201323725809
molecular and genomic aberrations in chlamydophila psittaci negative ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas.the etiology and pathogenesis of ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (oaemzl) are still unknown and the association with chlamydophila psittaci (c. psittaci) has been shown in only some geographic regions. herein, we comprehensively examined the frequency of chromosomal translocations as well as card11, myd88 (l265p), and a20 mutations/deletions in 45 c. psittaci negative oaemzls. t(14;18)(q32;q21) igh-malt1 and t(11;18)(q21;q21) api2-malt1 were not detected in any of the analyzed t ...201323720088
seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci infection in market-sold adult chickens, ducks and pigeons in north-western china.chlamydia psittaci, the agent of psittacosis in humans, infects a wide range of avian species. to assess the risk of psittacosis posed by domestic birds in the urban environment, the prevalence of c. psittaci antibodies in 413 chickens (gallus domesticus; 305 caged and 108 free-range), 334 ducks (anas spp.; 111 caged and 223 free-range) and 312 pigeons (columba livia) in lanzhou, north-western china, was detected using the indirect haemagglutination assay. the specific antibodies were found in s ...201323699067
infection, disease, and transmission dynamics in calves after experimental and natural challenge with a bovine chlamydia psittaci isolate.chlamydia (c.) psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis, a zoonotic disease in birds and man. in addition, c. psittaci has been repeatedly found in domestic animals and is, at least in calves, also able to induce respiratory disease. knowledge about transmission routes in cattle herds is still deficient, and nothing is known about differences in host response after either experimental or natural exposure to c. psittaci. therefore, our recently developed respiratory infection model was expl ...201323691148
prevalence and genotype distribution of chlamydia psittaci in feral canada geese (branta canadensis) in belgium.chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of avian hosts and worldwide geographical spread. zoonotic transfer occurs by inhalation or direct contact and may cause psittacosis or parrot disease. host reservoirs of particular epidemiological interest include gregarious or migratory species, as colonial behavior facilitates microbial spread amongst conspecifics and a migratory ecology permits disperse over a wide geographic region. the current study detected c. psittaci antibodies ...201323654298
chlamydophila psittaci infections in hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) confiscated in brazil.the hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is the largest species of psittacine birds. it is considered endangered and illegal trade is one of the main factors involved in its decline. in this study, 26 hyacinth macaws maintained under poor husbandry conditions and destined for the illegal trade were confiscated in são paulo state, brazil. these birds were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against chlamydophila psittaci by complement fixation test and c. psittaci dna by seminested po ...201323505721
biased immunoglobulin light chain use in the chlamydophila psittaci negative ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas.ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (oamaltl) are the most common lymphomas of the eye. the potential roles for specific antigens in these lymphomas are still controversial. previously we examined ighv usage and mutations in chlamydophila (c) psittaci-negative oamaltl, demonstrating biased use of the ighv4 family and ighv4-34 gene and evidence for antigen selection. herein, we examined the igkv/iglv gene usage and mutations in 34 c. psittaci-negative oamaltl originating fr ...201323418012
molecular detection and genotyping of chlamydia psittaci in captive psittacines from costa rica.oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from 117 captive psittacine birds presented at veterinary clinics (88) and from shelters/rescue centers of wildlife (29) were collected to determine the prevalence of c. psittaci in captive birds in costa rica. samples were collected during 2009 from a total of 19 different species of parrots, with ara macao (33), amazona autumnalis (24), amazona ochrocephala (21), and ara ararauna (8) being the most representative species sampled. c. psittaci was detected in four ...201324163776
assessment of plasma concentrations and potential adverse effects of doxycycline in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) fed a medicated pelleted diet.doxycycline hyclate was mixed with soybean oil and then added to a low-fat pelleted diet that contained approximately 2.4% fat, which produced a final diet that contained a calculated 6.4% fat and 300 mg doxycycline per kilogram of diet. the medicated diet was fed to 9 healthy adult cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) for 47 days; a control group of 6 birds received the identical diet without doxycycline. trough doxycycline plasma concentrations were measured 7 times during treatment and ranged f ...201324344509
[efficacy of doxycycline for treatment of chlamydiosis in flocks of racing and fancy pigeons].evaluation of the clinical efficacy of doxycycline application via drinking water in the treatment of chlamydiosis in infected, clinically ill flocks of racing and fancy pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) under field conditions.201324326879
genome sequence of chlamydia psittaci strain 01dc12 originating from swine.chlamydia psittaci is the etiological agent of psittacosis and is a zoonotic pathogen infecting birds and a variety of mammalian hosts. here we report the genome sequence of the porcine strain 01dc12 which is representative of a novel clade of c. psittaci belonging to ompa genotype e.201323405306
epidemiological survey for toxoplasma gondii, chlamydia psittaci var. ovis, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, coxiella burnetii, brucella spp., leptospirosis and orf virus among sheep from northern districts of japan.a serological survey was carried out in the northern prefectures of hokkaido, iwate and aomori in japan, for the presence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii, chlamydiapsittaci var. ovis, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, coxiella burnetii, brucella spp., leptospirosis and orf virus (orfv). out of 267 samples tested, highest overall prevalence (28.78%) was found for t. gondii. the 12.59% of tested sheep were positive for c. psittaci var. ovis. a total of 8.67% were found to be seropositive for ...201323318575
chlamydia psittaci genotype b in a pigeon (columba livia) inhabiting a public place in san josé, costa rica.human chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease of avian origin caused by chlamydia psittaci. the highest infection rates have been detected in parrots (psittacidae) and pigeons (columbiformes), the latter most frequently carry the genotypes b and e. these genotypes have been shown to also infect humans. because pigeons (columba livia) cohabit with humans in urban areas, c. psittaci present in the dust from dry feces of infected pigeons may be transmitted by inhalation and represent a significant publi ...201326623327
dose-dependent effects of chlamydia psittaci infection on pulmonary gas exchange, innate immunity and acute-phase reaction in a bovine respiratory model.the respiratory pathogen chlamydia psittaci naturally occurs in bovine herds and was recently shown to impair calf health in a dose-dependent manner. the aim of this study was to determine whether the functional consequences and immunological reactions of infection were dose related by quantifying the consequences of acute respiratory chlamydial infection on respiratory signs, disturbances of pulmonary gas exchange, response of the innate immune system, and acute-phase reaction. fourteen calves ...201323265868
first detection of chlamydia psittaci from a wild native passerine bird in new zealand.to undertake disease surveillance for chlamydia psittaci in native birds as part of a pilot study to examine pathogen diversity on hauturu-o-toi/little barrier island. to retrospectively review the massey university post-mortem database to determine previous cases of avian chlamydiosis in new zealand.201323227890
a novel co-infection model with toxoplasma and chlamydia trachomatis highlights the importance of host cell manipulation for nutrient scavenging.toxoplasma and chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular pathogens that have evolved analogous strategies to replicate within mammalian cells. both pathogens are known to extensively remodel the cytoskeleton, and to recruit endocytic and exocytic organelles to their respective vacuoles. however, how important these activities are for infectivity by either pathogen remains elusive. here, we have developed a novel co-infection system to gain insights into the developmental cycles of toxopla ...201323107293
emerging chlamydia psittaci infections in the chicken industry and pathology of chlamydia psittaci genotype b and d strains in specific pathogen free chickens.sera of 30 belgian and 10 northern french chicken farms were tested by a chlamydia (c.) psittaci major outer membrane protein (momp) based elisa. ninety-six percent, 93% and 90% of the belgian broilers, broiler breeders and layers were seropositive. ninety-one percent of the french broilers were seropositive. in addition, tissues of 5 belgian and 5 french broiler farms were examined at slaughter. all french farms were culture positive while c. psittaci was cultured from the lungs of 80% of exami ...201323098816
prevalence of chlamydophila psittaci infections in the eyes of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in contact with a human population.this work is an example of cooperation between veterinary and human medicine being fully complementary and at the same time, indispensable to improve our knowledge on animal chlamydiosis. this study investigated the existence of ocular chlamydiae and determined the prevalence of its presence, chlamydiosis, in asymptomatic and diseased farm animals and adjacent humans. data were obtained by the omp2 gene family chlamydiaceae-specific pcr. two hundred cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats and 44 huma ...201322584046
distinctive features between community-acquired pneumonia (cap) due to chlamydophila psittaci and cap due to legionella pneumophila admitted to the intensive care unit (icu).the spectrum of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) due to chlamydophila psittaci ranges from mild, self-limited cap, to acute respiratory failure. we performed a retrospective study of 13 consecutive patients with cap due to c. psittaci and 51 patients with legionellosis admitted in one intensive care unit (icu) (1993-2011). as compared to patients with legionellosis, patients with psittacosis were younger (median age 48 [38-59] vs. 60 [50-71] years, p = 0.007), less frequently smokers (38 vs. 7 ...201222538796
the chlamydia psittaci genome: a comparative analysis of intracellular pathogens.chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular pathogens causing a wide range of diseases in animals and humans, and facing unique evolutionary constraints not encountered by free-living prokaryotes. to investigate genomic aspects of infection, virulence and host preference we have sequenced chlamydia psittaci, the pathogenic agent of ornithosis.201222506068
host genetics and chlamydia disease: prediction and validation of disease severity mechanisms.genetic mapping studies may provide association between sequence variants and disease susceptibility that can, with further experimental and computational analysis, lead to discovery of causal mechanisms and effective intervention. we have previously demonstrated that polymorphisms in immunity-related gtpases (irg) confer a significant difference in susceptibility to chlamydia psittaci infection in bxd recombinant mice. here we combine genetic mapping and network modeling to identify causal path ...201222438999
multigene methylation analysis of ocular adnexal malt lymphoma and their relationship to chlamydophila psittaci infection and clinical characteristics in south korea.we investigated the aberrant promoter methylation status of known or suspected tumor suppressor genes in ocular adnexal lymphoma (oal) and the possible association with clinical characteristics and chlamydophila psittaci infection.201222410569
chlamydia psittaci-negative ocular adnexal marginal zone b-cell lymphomas have biased vh4-34 immunoglobulin gene expression and proliferate in a distinct inflammatory environment.ocular adnexal marginal zone b-cell lymphomas (oamzls) arise in the connective tissues of the orbit or in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the conjunctiva. here, we present the immunological and genetic analyses of 20 primary chlamydia psittaci (cp)-negative oamzls. analysis of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (igv(h)) gene usage demonstrated a significant preference for v(h)4-34. a combined analysis across all previously published oamzls confirmed that this is a general feature o ...201222382892
risk assessment and management of chlamydia psittaci in poultry processing plants.chlamydia psittaci causes respiratory disease in poultry and can be transmitted to humans. historical outbreaks of psittacosis in poultry workers indicated the need for higher awareness and an efficient risk assessment and management. this group reviewed relevant previous research, practical guidelines, and european directives. subsequently, basic suggestions were made on how to assess and manage the risk of psittacosis in poultry processing plants based on a classical four-step approach. collec ...201222302240
a bovine model of respiratory chlamydia psittaci infection: challenge dose titration.this study aimed to establish and evaluate a bovine respiratory model of experimentally induced acute c. psittaci infection. calves are natural hosts and pathogenesis may resemble the situation in humans. intrabronchial inoculation of c. psittaci strain dc15 was performed in calves aged 2-3 months via bronchoscope at four different challenge doses from 10(6) to 10(9) inclusion-forming units (ifu) per animal. control groups received either uv-inactivated c. psittaci or cell culture medium. while ...201222299031
more than classical chlamydia psittaci in urban pigeons.in the literature, studies of chlamydia infection in birds have usually been confined to the search for chlamydia (c., formerly chlamydophila) psittaci, so that little is known about the presence of other chlamydial agents. in the present study, cloacal swabs and faeces samples of urban pigeons have been examined by real-time pcr, dna microarray assays and partial ompa sequencing. whilst c. psittaci was the predominant chlamydial agent in this pigeon population (75.8% of all chlamydiaceae positi ...201222296995
health evaluation of galapagos hawks (buteo galapagoensis) on santiago island, galapagos.galapagos hawks (buteo galapagoensis), the only endemic, diurnal raptor species in galapagos, are currently distributed on eight galapagos islands having been extirpated from three of the human-inhabited islands. in january 2009, we performed health assessments of 89 galapagos hawks on santiago island, galapagos. four of the 89 galapagos hawks (4%) evaluated had physical abnormalities. blood parameters did not differ between males and females, except for aspartate transaminase values, which were ...201222247372
fine needle cytology, infectious diseases and non-hodgkin lymphoma.the association between some infections and non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhl) is well known. human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (htlv-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus to be discovered and has been found to be associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll). epstein-barr virus (ebv) has consistently been linked to both endemic and sporadic burkitt lymphoma (bl), as well as to hodgkin lymphoma (hl), post-transplantation proliferative disorders, extra-nodal nk-t-cell lymphoma (n ...201223069693
chlamydia psittaci in birds of prey, sweden.chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular bacterium primarily causing respiratory diseases in birds but may also be transmitted to other animals, including humans. the prevalence of the pathogen in wild birds in sweden is largely unknown.201222957128
genotyping of c. psittaci in central area of argentina.in central area of argentina, the epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of chlamydophila psittaci infections are still unknown. nested polymerase chain reaction of domains ii, iii, and iv of the omp a gene was used to detect chlamydophila in 43 pharyngeal swab samples from patients with suspected human psittacosis (2010-2011); 9 (21%) of them yielded positive results. molecular typing was performed by direct sequencing demonstrating the presence of c. psittaci genotypes a, e/b, and wc.201222917583
chlamydophila psittaci eradication with doxycycline as first-line targeted therapy for ocular adnexae lymphoma: final results of an international phase ii trial.the pathogenic association between chlamydophila psittaci (cp) and ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma (oamzl) and the efficacy of doxycycline monotherapy have been investigated in retrospective series with variations in stage, management, and follow-up duration. to our knowledge, this is the first international phase ii trial aimed at clarifying cp prevalence and activity of first-line doxycycline in a homogeneous series of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed stage i oamzl.201222802315
chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and cows (bos taurus) in egypt with and without signs of reproductive disease.to obtain information and compare the prevalence of chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and cows (bos taurus) in egypt with and without clinical signs of reproductive disease.201222712774
molecular characterization of atypical chlamydia and evidence of their dissemination in different european and asian chicken flocks by specific real-time pcr.chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen associated primarily with avian chlamydiosis. new chlamydial agents with suspected zoonotic potential were recently detected from domestic poultry in germany and france indicating that the spectrum of chlamydiaceae encountered in birds is not confined to a single chlamydial species. for further characterization, a specific real-time pcr targeting the conserved 16s rrna gene was developed and validated for a specific detection of these atypical chlamydiac ...201222690809
unilateral isolated extraocular muscle lymphoma.the authors would like to present an unusual case of ocular adnexal, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, isolated to a single extraocular muscle. a 59-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of slowly progressive double vision, worse on elevation, for which her optometrist had given her prisms. a swollen left upper eyelid was present for 10 days. ct scan of the brain and orbits revealed a 3 cm × 1.5 cm mass arising from the region of the left superior rectus with no signs of bone ...201222669857
evaluation of chlamydophila psittaci infection and other risk factors for atherosclerosis in pet psittacine birds.to determine whether the presence of chlamydophila psittaci antigen, plasma cholesterol concentration, diet, sex, species, and age are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in pet psittacine birds.201222657931
investigation of zoonotic infections among auckland zoo staff: 1991-2010.investigation was undertaken to assess the occurrence of zoonotic infection among staff at auckland zoological park, new zealand, in 1991, 2002 and 2010. serial cross-sectional health surveys in 1991, 2002 and 2010 comprising a health questionnaire, and serological, immunological and microbiological analysis for a range of potential zoonotic infections were performed. laboratory results for zoo animals were also reviewed for 2004-2010 to assess the occurrence of potential zoonotic infections. ve ...201222639928
detection and identification of chlamydophila psittaci in asymptomatic parrots in poland.psittacosis, an avian disease caused by chlamydophila psittaci, can manifest as an acute, protracted, or chronic illness, but can also be asymptomatic. c. psittaci can persist in the host for months to years, often without causing obvious illness, and therefore poses a threat for zoonotic outbreak. we investigated the prevalence of c. psittaci from 156 tracheal swab samples from 34 different species of parrots in poland, and determined the genotype of strains from the positive samples.201223206592
a new role of the complement system: c3 provides protection in a mouse model of lung infection with intracellular chlamydia psittaci.the complement system modulates the intensity of innate and specific immunity. while it protects against infections by extracellular bacteria its role in infection with obligate intracellular bacteria, such as the avian and human pathogen chlamydia (c.) psittaci, is still unknown. in the present study, knockout mice lacking c3 and thus all main complement effector functions were intranasally infected with c. psittaci strain dc15. clinical parameters, lung histology, and cytokine levels were dete ...201223189195
evidence of zoonotic chlamydophila psittaci transmission in a population at risk in zulia state, venezuela.this study was aimed at investigating the frequency of infection by cp. psittaci and determining its genotype in individuals at potential risk of exposure to the bacteria.201223250373
avian botulism and avian chlamydiosis in wild water birds, benton lake national wildlife refuge, montana, usa.in 1999, the u.s. geological survey (usgs) national wildlife health center, madison, wisconsin, conducted a diagnostic investigation into a water bird mortality event involving intoxication with avian botulism type c and infection with avian chlamydiosis at the benton lake national wildlife refuge in montana, usa. of 24 carcasses necropsied, 11 had lesions consistent with avian chlamydiosis, including two that tested positive for infectious chlamydophila psittaci, and 12 were positive for avian ...201223272358
an outbreak of chlamydophila psittaci in an outdoor colony of magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus).an outbreak of chlamydophila psittaci occurred in an outdoor colony of 63 magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) at the san francisco zoo. affected penguins presented with inappetence, lethargy, and light green urates. hematologic and serum biochemical findings were consistent with chronic inflammation. penguins did not respond to initial supportive and antimicrobial therapy, and 3 died. necropsy results of the 3 birds revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, and histologic lesions include ...201223409434
[study of prevalence of rare and difficult to cultivate causative agents of inflammatory diseases of respiratory organs].study the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, chlamydophila psittaci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex i/ii virus (hsv i/ii) in individuals of various age groups with varying inflammatory broncho-pulmonary diseases.201223163026
detection of dna of chlamydophila psittaci in subjects with psoriasis: a casual or a causal link?recent evidence indicates that subclinical infection by chlamydophila psittaci occurs in a significant percentage of patients with chronic inflammatory polyarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis.201222564212
lack of association of conjunctival malt lymphoma with chlamydiae or helicobacter pylori in a cohort of chinese patients.this study was conducted to detect microbial pathogens in conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma specimens in an attempt to determine possible associations between conjunctival malt lymphoma and microbial infections.201222293871
genome-wide identification of chlamydia trachomatis antigens associated with trachomatous trichiasis.chlamydia trachomatis is the leading infectious cause of blindness. the goal of the current study was to search for biomarkers associated with c. trachomatis-induced ocular pathologies.201222427578
detection of the ompa gene of chlamydophila pecorum in captive birds in argentina.bacteria belonging to the family chlamydiaceae cause a broad spectrum of diseases in a wide range of hosts, including humans, other mammals and birds. however, very little is known about chlamydial infections in birds in our region. in the present study, we examined 28 clinically normal birds in illegal captivity that were confiscated in the province of c6rdoba, argentina. the objective was to detect chlamydophila spp. in cloacal swabs by genetic analysis of the ompa gene. nested-pcr of the ompa ...201222997762
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