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evaluation of molecular typing of foodborne pathogens in european reference laboratories from 2012 to 2013.in 2012, the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) initiated external quality assessment (eqa) schemes for molecular typing including the national public health reference laboratories in europe. the overall aim for these eqa schemes was to enhance the european surveillance of food-borne pathogens by evaluating and improving the quality and comparability of molecular typing. the eqas were organised by statens serum institut (ssi) and included salmonella enterica subsp. enteric ...201628006653
identification of bapa in strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from wild animals kept in captivity in sinaloa, mexico.bapa, previously named stm2689, encodes the bapa protein, which, along with cellulose and fimbriae, constitutes biofilms. biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow in a matrix of exopolysaccharides and may adhere to living tissues or inert surfaces. biofilm formation is associated with the ability to persist in different environments, which contributes to the pathogenicity of several species. we analyzed the presence of bapa in 83 strains belonging to 17 serovars of salmonella enteric ...201627379195
loop-to-helix transition in the structure of multidrug regulator acrr at the entrance of the drug-binding cavity.multidrug transcription regulator acrr from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium str. lt2 belongs to the tetracycline repressor family, one of the largest groups of bacterial transcription factors. the crystal structure of dimeric acrr was determined and refined to 1.56å resolution. the tertiary and quaternary structures of acrr are similar to those of its homologs. the multidrug binding site was identified based on structural alignment with homologous proteins and has a di(hy ...201626796657
prevalence and characteristics of salmonella and campylobacter in retail poultry meat in japan.this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and campylobacter spp. in poultry meat, and to analyze the association of genetic types of these bacteria with their geographical distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. fifty-four and 71 of 100 samples were found to be contaminated with salmonella and campylobacter, respectively. nine salmonella serotypes were found, including s. enteric ...201627580577
recovery estimation of dried foodborne pathogens is directly related to rehydration kinetics.drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. the aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter culture but not for different kinetics and not for pathogens. in the present study, the influence of rehydration kinetics was investigated for three fo ...201627494169
probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk.the objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties.201627159339
bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 impacts on growth and virulence gene expression of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium.bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 (rbl67), a human fecal isolate and health promoting candidate shows antagonistic and protective effects against salmonella and listeria spec. in vitro. however, the underlying mechanisms fostering these effects remain unknown. in this study, the interactions of rbl67 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium n-15 (n-15) were explored by global transcriptional analysis.201626988691
whole-genome sequencing identifies in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-carrying incfii transmissible plasmid as the cause of ceftriaxone treatment failure for an invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.we report a case of ceftriaxone treatment failure for bacteremia caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, due to the in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-encoding incfii group transmissible plasmid. the original β-lactamase-susceptible isolate st882s was replaced by the resistant isolate st931r during ceftriaxone treatment. after relapse, treatment was changed to ciprofloxacin, and the patient recovered. isolate st931r could transfer resistance to escherichia coli at 37 ...201627671066
aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi in the horse.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of s. abortusequi abortion. the 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. the owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and s. abortusequi was not isolat ...201627271985
effects of norspermidine and spermidine on biofilm formation by potentially pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella enterica wild-type strains.polyamines are present in all living cells. in bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including biofilm formation, thus indicating that polyamines may have potential in the control of unwanted biofilm. in the present study, the effects of the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine on biofilms of 10 potentially pathogenic wild-type strains of escherichia coli serotype o103:h2, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar agona were invest ...201525595767
removal of pathogenic bacterial biofilms by combinations of oxidizing compounds.bacterial biofilms are commonly formed on medical devices and food processing surfaces. the antimicrobials used have limited efficacy against the biofilms; therefore, new strategies to prevent and remove these structures are needed. here, the effectiveness of brief oxidative treatments, based on the combination of sodium hypochlorite (naclo) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in the presence of copper sulfate (cuso4), were evaluated against bacterial laboratory strains and clinical isolates, both in p ...201525864510
partition locus-based classification of selected plasmids in klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica spp.: an additional tool.the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae has been largely attributed to plasmids, circular dna molecules capable of autonomous replication. whereas high-copy-number plasmids primarily rely on passive diffusion for plasmid maintenance, low-copy-number plasmids utilize so-called partition (par) systems. plasmid partition relies on three structures, i.e. a centromere like dna site, a centromere-binding protein and an atpase or a gtpase motor protein for plasmid posi ...201525623509
characterization of lactobacillus fermentum pl9988 isolated from healthy elderly korean in a longevity village.in this work, we wanted to develop a probiotic from famous longevity villages in korea. we visited eight longevity villages in korea to collect fecal samples from healthy adults who were aged above 80 years and had regular bowel movements, and isolated lactic-acid-producing bacteria from the samples. isolated colonies that appeared on mrs agar containing bromophenol blue were identified by means of 16s rrna sequencing, and 102 of the isolates were identified as lactic-acid-producing bacteria (18 ...201526095384
whole genome sequencing provides possible explanations for the difference in phage susceptibility among two salmonella typhimurium phage types (dt8 and dt30) associated with a single foodborne outbreak.phage typing has been used for decades as a rapid, low cost approach for the epidemiological surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. although molecular methods are replacing phage typing the system is still in use and provides a valuable model for study of phage-host interaction. phage typing depends on the pattern of bacterial resistance or sensitivity to a panel of specific bacteriophages. in the phage typing scheme, s. typhimurium definitive phage types (dt) 8 ...201526613761
improvements to a pcr-based serogrouping scheme for salmonella enterica from dairy farm samples.molecular serotyping through the use of pcr is a simple and useful technique for characterizing isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica belonging to serogroups b, c1, c2, d1, and e1, which are the majority of the isolates associated with human disease outbreaks. however, many of the salmonella strains currently isolated from dairy farms in the northeastern united states are serovar cerro, a group k strain not detected by this assay. primers from a well-known pcr assay for the identificat ...201526038910
development and comparison of a generic multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica causes salmonellosis in humans and animals. serovar-specific multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) is widely used for salmonella surveillance; however, isolates have to be serotyped prior to mlva typing and only the most common serovars can be typed. we developed a mlva scheme for high-discriminatory typing of salmonella.201526440858
salmonella in raw chicken meat from the romanian seaside: frequency of isolation and antibiotic resistance.the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of salmonella in raw chicken meat samples collected at the romanian seaside and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. in 2012, 317 chicken meat samples from slaughterhouses (n = 289) and retail markets (n = 28) were evaluated. overall, 13.2% (42) of the samples contained salmonella; 12.8% (37) and 17.8% (5) from the chicken carcasses at slaughterhouses and the fresh meat from retail markets, respectively. eight s ...201525951397
acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and colistin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport by pilgrims during hajj.gatherings like the hajj involving many people who travel from different parts of the world represent a risk for the acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. in this study, acquisition of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella spp. in 2013 hajj pilgrims from marseille, france, was investigated. in total, 267 rectal swabs were collected from 129 participants before their departure and after their return from the pilgrimage as well as during the pilgrimage from patients with diarrhoea. ...201525769786
resistance phenotypes and genotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates from feed, pigs, and carcasses in brazil.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica plays a role as a foodborne pathogen worldwide. the consumption of contaminated pork has been associated with human salmonellosis and the increase in antimicrobial resistance among salmonella from pigs and pork products is a concern. a total of 225 salmonella isolates from feed mills, the lairage environment, and the intestinal contents of pigs and carcasses were investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. a mic for ciprofloxacin was screened by agar ...201525710159
anti-salmonella activity of volatile compounds of vietnam coriander.essential oil derived from the fresh leaves of polygonum odoratum lour was tested for their effects on a foodborne bacterium salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 using a broth dilution method. this essential oil showed a significant antibacterial activity against s. choleraesuis at the concentration of 200 µg/ml. twenty-five volatile compounds were characterized from this essential oil by gc-ms, and aldehyde compounds were found abundant and accounted for more than three-fourth ...201525870012
a fatal case of iliopsoas abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis that heterogeneously formed mucoid colonies.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis, an organism highly adapted to swine, rarely causes invasive human infection. we describe a fatal case of salmonella ser. choleraesuis infection developing iliopsoas abscess. a part of organisms recovered from the blood formed mucoid colonies, which became reactive to anti-o antigen antisera after either heat treatment or subculture through semisolid agar.201525737074
complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport.multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport has been a long-standing public health concern in the united states. we present the complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids from animal-derived mdr s. newport ranging from 80.1 to 158.5 kb. they shared a genetic backbone with s. newport inca/c plasmids psn254 and pam04528.201525720681
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, cause of a multischool outbreak in milan, italy, in 2014.we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, isolated from a stool sample of an affected pupil during a multischool outbreak in 2014 in milan, italy. this represents the first reported draft genome sequence of the emerging serovar napoli.201526358605
complete genome sequences of two outbreak strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar thompson associated with cilantro.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar thompson strains rm1984 (cadph-99a2334) and rm1986 (cadph-99a2345) are associated with a 1999 outbreak in contaminated cilantro. we report here the complete genome sequences and annotation of these two s. thompson strains. these genomes are distinct and provide additional data for our understanding of s. enterica.201526586897
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give, isolated from an imported chili powder product.we report the genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar give (cfsan012622), isolated from imported chili powder in 2014. this genome contains genes previously reported to be specific only to s. enterica serovar enteritidis. this strain shows a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern clustering with serovar enteritidis (jeg x01.0005).201526139723
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona 460004 2-1, associated with a multistate outbreak in the united states.within the last several years, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona has been among the 20 most frequently isolated serovars in clinical cases of salmonellosis. in this report, the complete genome sequence of s. agona strain 460004 2-1 isolated from unsweetened puffed-rice cereal during a multistate outbreak in 2008 was sequenced using single-molecule real-time dna sequencing.201526139714
draft genome sequence and annotation of phyllosphere-persisting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone strain cky-s4, isolated from an urban lake in regina, canada.here, we report the first draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone. this s. livingstone strain cky-s4 displayed biofilm formation and cellulose production and could persist on lettuce. this genome may help the study of mechanisms by which enteric pathogens colonize food crops.201526272568
subtyping of salmonella food isolates suggests the geographic clustering of serotype telaviv.salmonella is commonly found in a variety of food products and is a major cause of bacterial foodborne illness throughout the world. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of salmonella in eight different food types: sheep ground meat, cow ground meat, chicken meat, cow offal, traditional sanliurfa cheese, unripened feta cheese, pistachios, and isot (a spice blend of dried red peppers specific to sanliurfa), traditionally and commonly consumed in turkey. among 192 food sampl ...201526489049
first complete genome sequence of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby strain associated with pork in france.in france, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby is one of the most often isolated serovars in pigs. here, we describe the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated from a pig. this strain had the most frequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial patterns (s, ssu, t) usually observed in pig production in france. those patterns have been also highlighted in human isolates.201526227607
salmonella occurrence and enterobacteriaceae counts in pig feed ingredients and compound feed from feed mills in ireland.the purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of non-typhoidal salmonellae and enterobacteriaceae counts in raw ingredients and compound feeds sampled from feed mills manufacturing pig diets. between november 2012 and september 2013, feed ingredients (n=340) and compound pig feed (n=313) samples were collected from five commercial feed mills and one home compounder at various locations throughout ireland. feed ingredients included cereals, vegetable protein sources and by-products of oi ...201526211839
eric-pcr genotyping of field isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum.salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella pullorum (sp) have been classified as biovars belonging to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. genetic diversity among isolates of the same biovar can be detected by dna fingerprinting techniques which are useful in epidemiological investigations. in this study, we applied the pcr amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (eric-pcr) to analyse 45 strains of sg and sp, most of which were isolated from d ...201526365161
prevalence and characterization of monophasic salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of food origin in china.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. this bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in china. however, there are no reports on its contamination in chinese food. serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) assays were used to i ...201526360603
salmonella enterica typhimurium fljba operon stability: implications regarding the origin of salmonella enterica i 4,[5],12:i:.salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- has been responsible for many recent salmonella outbreaks worldwide. several studies indicate that this serovar originated from s. enterica subsp enterica serovar typhimurium, by the loss of the flagellar phase ii gene (fljb) and adjacent sequences. however, at least two different clones of s. enterica 4,5,12:i:- exist that differs in the molecular events responsible for fljb deletion. the aim of this study was to test the stability of the fl ...201526782556
[salmonella meningitis in an infant due to a pet turtle].in humans, salmonella most often causes self-limiting gastroenteritis, but more severe symptoms such as sepsis and meningitis can also occur and can sometimes have a fatal outcome. even if the meningitis is not fatal, sequelae such as epilepsy, cranial nerve palsies, and hydrocephalus can occur. in the united states, it has been estimated that approximately 6% of the human cases of salmonellosis can be attributed to contact with reptiles or amphibians. the infection may take place by direct cont ...201526014646
comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from korean cigarettes.cigarette smoking is associated with carcinogenesis owing to the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. the aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of korean cigarettes using in vitro assays.201526796893
characterization of the cytolethal distending toxin (typhoid toxin) in non-typhoidal salmonella serovars.for many putative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence genes, functional characterization across serovars has been limited. cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is an incompletely characterized virulence factor that is found not only in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi (salmonella typhi) and dozens of gram negative bacterial pathogens, but also in non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars.201526207144
antimicrobial resistance and molecular investigation of h2s-negative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis isolates in china.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis is a highly invasive pathogen of swine that frequently causes serious outbreaks, in particular in asia, and can also cause severe invasive disease in humans. in this study, 21 s. choleraesuis isolates, detected from 21 patients with diarrhea in china between 2010 and 2011, were found to include 19 h2s-negative s. choleraesuis isolates and two h2s-positive isolates. this is the first report of h2s-negative s. choleraesuis isolated from huma ...201526431037
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek isolated from bovine feces.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium implicated in human clinical disease. here, we report a 4.8-mbp draft genome sequence of a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate of s. serovar mishmarhaemek.201526472847
emergence of a clonal lineage of multidrug-resistant esbl-producing salmonella infantis transmitted from broilers and broiler meat to humans in italy between 2011 and 2014.we report the spread of a clone of multidrug-resistant (mdr), esbl-producing (blactx-m-1) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis, in the italian broiler chicken industry and along the food-chain. this was first detected in italy in 2011 and led to human infection in italy in 2013-2014.a set (n = 49) of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant (r) isolates of s. infantis (2011-2014) from humans, food-producing animals and meat thereof, were studied along with a selected set o ...201526716443
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi isolate b/sf/13/03/195 associated with a typhoid carrier in pasir mas, kelantan, malaysia.we report here the complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi b/sf/13/03/195 obtained from a typhoid carrier, who is a food handler in pasir mas, kelantan.201526564035
first draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum strain vtccbaa614, isolated from chicken in india.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid (ft), which results in huge economic losses to poultry farmers in india. we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella biovar gallinarum strain vtccbaa614, isolated from a chicken in an ft affected broiler flock.201526494667
potential probiotic attributes of a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9951 isolated from healthy piglet feces.a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9551, which has a broad range of antibacterial activities against six main pathogenic bacteria including escherichia coli o8, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, streptococcus suis, listeria monocytogenes and pasteurella multocida, was isolated from healthy piglet feces. in adhesion assay, the isolate exhibited a stronger adhesion to pig intestinal mucus than that of b. subtilis jt143 and l. acidophilus ly24 res ...201525752235
non-saccharomyces yeasts protect against epithelial cell barrier disruption induced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium.the human gastrointestinal epithelium makes up the largest barrier separating the body from the external environment. whereas invasive pathogens cause epithelial barrier disruption, probiotic micro-organisms modulate tight junction regulation and improve epithelial barrier function. in addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species. the aim of this study was to explore non-saccharomyces yeast modulation of epithelial cell barrier func ...201526280244
pectin and xyloglucan influence the attachment of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes to bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models.minimally processed fresh produce has been implicated as a major source of foodborne microbial pathogens globally. these pathogens must attach to the produce in order to be transmitted. cut surfaces of produce that expose cell walls are particularly vulnerable. little is known about the roles that different structural components (cellulose, pectin, and xyloglucan) of plant cell walls play in the attachment of foodborne bacterial pathogens. using bacterial cellulose-derived plant cell wall models ...201526567310
selection and electrophoretic characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica biocide variants resistant to antibiotics.the proposed research outlines a serious common concern of salmonella resistance to antimicrobials following prolonged exposure to the disinfectants (biocides). these phenotypes of bacteria could potentially result in hard to treat infections. typical for avian sources, biocide sensitive s. enterica subsp. enterica serovars: typhimurium, enteritidis, virchow and zanzibar and their isogenic biocide-tolerant variants were studied in order to investigate bacteriostatic effect of two commercially av ...201526812813
whole genome sequence analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 outbreaks from a national reference laboratory's viewpoint.in april and may 2014, two suspected egg-related outbreaks of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) were investigated by the belgian national reference laboratory of foodborne outbreaks. both the suspected food and human isolates being available, and this for both outbreaks, made these the ideal case study for a retrospective whole genome sequencing (wgs) analysis with the goal to investigate the feasibility of this technology for outbreak investigation by a na ...201526468422
complete genome and plasmid sequences of three canadian strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis belonging to phage types 8, 13, and 13a.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a prominent cause of human salmonellosis frequently linked to poultry products. in canada, s. enteritidis phage types 8, 13, and 13a predominate among both clinical and poultry isolates. here, we report the complete genome and plasmid sequences of poultry isolates of these three phage types.201526404595
results of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype identification by salmonella check&trace microarray in international external quality assurance systems.traditionally salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes are identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera for somatic, flagellar and sometimes capsular antigens. an alternative way is genoserotyping using for example a microarray, eg. commercially available test check&trace salmonella. the goal of this study was to evaluate the check&trace salmonella microarray for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype identification, using salmonella strains provided by reference laborator ...201526084071
[a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella infantis].we report herein on a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis). a 30-year-old japanese man presenting with a 3-week history of left ankle pain was suspected to have either a tumor or osteomyelitis, on the basis of imaging study findings. he underwent a surgical resection of the lesion. histopathological examination revealed a granuloma. however, s. infantis was cultured from the biopsy sample. cefazolin ...201526554224
genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi isolate pm016/13 from untreated well water associated with a typhoid outbreak in pasir mas, kelantan, malaysia.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi is a human-restricted pathogen that causes typhoid fever. even though it is a human-restricted pathogen, the bacterium is also isolated from environments such as groundwater and pond water. here, we describe the genome sequence of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi pm016/13 which was isolated from well water during a typhoid outbreak in kelantan, malaysia, in 2013.201526564032
two draft genome sequences of a new serovar of salmonella enterica, serovar lubbock.salmonella enterica is principally a foodborne pathogen that shows considerable serovar diversity. in this report, we present two draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar lubbock, a novel serovar.201525883279
draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden isolated from seafood.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevereden is the most frequent serovar isolated from asia. here, we report a draft genome sequence of multidrug resistant salmonella weltevreden 9 isolated from seafood. whole-genome of this isolate and annotation will help enhance the understanding of this pathogenic multidrug-resistant serovar.201525874015
genome-wide methylation patterns in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars.the methylation of dna bases plays an important role in numerous biological processes including development, gene expression, and dna replication. salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and methylation in salmonella is implicated in virulence. using single molecule real-time (smrt) dna-sequencing, we sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of eleven salmonella enterica isolates from nine different serovars, and analysed the whole-genome methylation patterns of each genome. we descri ...201525860355
salmonella surveillance on fresh produce in retail in turkey.although turkey is one of the major producers of fruits and vegetables in the world, there has been no information available on the prevalence of pathogens in fresh produce. to fill this gap, we collected 503 fresh produce samples including tomato, parsley, iceberg lettuce, green-leaf lettuce and five different fresh pepper varieties (i.e., green, kapya, bell, mazamort and charleston) from 3 major districts within 9 supermarkets and 3 bazaars in ankara, turkey to investigate the presence of salm ...201525643853
increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in japan.extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. esbl-producing salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in asian countries neighboring japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistance gene, ampc (pampc). however, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of esc-resistant salmonella in chicken products in japan, which are the main vehic ...201525642944
chicken mannose-binding lectin function in relation to antibacterial activity towards salmonella enterica.mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin of importance in innate immunity. low serum concentrations of mbl have been associated with greater susceptibility to infections. in this study, binding of purified chicken mbl (cmbl) to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s. enterica) serotypes b, c1 and d was investigated by flow cytometry, and staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) was used for comparison. for s. enterica the c1 serotypes were the only group to exhibit binding to cmbl. further ...201525623031
a novel subpopulation of salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from broiler chicken organs other than the gastrointestinal tract.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains were isolated from broiler chickens from six farms in japan and the pathogenicity associated with the recently reported 280kbp mega plasmid was examined by possession of the plasmid and histopathology of tissues from these chickens. s. infantis strains were isolated from 10 of 24 chickens. phylogenetic, network and bayesian cluster analyses were used to determine whether these strains were in the previously defined clusters 1-5. phylog ...201525542287
rapid detection and specific differentiation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica enteritidis, typhimurium and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- by real-time multiplex pcr.salmonella enterica is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens worldwide causing clinical diseases in human and animal hosts. targeting a reduction of salmonella prevalence in poultry, the eu set up a microbiological criterion that demands the absence of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium including its monophasic variant with seroformula 4,[5],12:i:- in 25 g of poultry neck skin samples and fresh meat according to regulation (eu) no 1086/2011. we developed and in- ...201525462917
genome sequences of three salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains from healthy broiler chicks in hungary and in the united kingdom.the genome sequences of three strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis isolated from broiler chickens in 1994 and 2004 in hungary and in the 1980s in the united kingdom are reported here. a sequence comparison should improve our understanding of the evolution of the genome and spread of s. infantis in poultry.201525676749
intestinal mucus affinity and biological activity of an orally administered antibacterial and anti-inflammatory peptide.antimicrobial peptides (amp) provide protection from infection by pathogenic microorganisms and restrict bacterial growth at epithelial surfaces to maintain mucosal homeostasis. in addition, they exert a significant anti-inflammatory activity. here we analysed the anatomical distribution and biological activity of an orally administered amp in the context of bacterial infection and host-microbial homeostasis.201524811998
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates associated with a mousse cake-related outbreak of gastroenteritis in ningbo, china.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is a major pathogen responsible for causing the largest number of sporadic cases and outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. in this study, an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis involving 112 cases in ningbo, china was investigated with a combination of genotypic subtyping methods and phenotypic analysis. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles showed t ...201525826691
multi locus variable-number tandem repeat (mlva) typing tools improved the surveillance of salmonella enteritidis: a 6 years retrospective study.surveillance of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is generally considered to benefit from molecular techniques like multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva), which allow early detection and confinement of outbreaks. here, a surveillance study, including phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and mlva on 1,535 s. enteritidis isolates collected between 2007 and 2012, was used to evaluate the added value of mlva for public health surveillanc ...201525693200
genotypic diversity, pathogenic potential and the resistance profile of salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food from 1983 to 2013 in brazil.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is one of the leading serovars that causes salmonellosis worldwide. however, few studies have molecularly characterized s. typhimurium strains in brazil. in this study, we genotyped 92 s. typhimurium strains isolated from humans (43) and food (49) between 1983 and 2013 in brazil using pfge, multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr). moreover, we assess ...201526307078
complete genome sequencing of a multidrug-resistant and human-invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of the emerging sequence type 213 genotype.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain yu39 was isolated in 2005 in the state of yucatán, mexico, from a human systemic infection. the yu39 strain is representative of the multidrug-resistant emergent sequence type 213 (st213) genotype. the yu39 complete genome is composed of a chromosome and seven plasmids.201526089426
the anti-infective activity of punicalagin against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium in mice.punicalagin, a major bioactive component of pomegranate peel, has been proven to have antioxidant, antiviral, anti-apoptosis, and hepatoprotective properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-infective activity of punicalagin in a mouse model. c57bl/6 mice were initially challenged with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and then treated with punicalagin. food and water consumption and body weight were recorded daily. on day 8 post infection ...201526084785
invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 with naturally attenuated flagellin elicits reduced inflammation and replicates within macrophages.invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) are an important cause of septicemia in children under the age of five years in sub-saharan africa. a novel genotype of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (multi-locus sequence type [st] 313) circulating in this geographic region is genetically different to from s. typhimurium st19 strains that are common throughout the rest of the world. s. typhimurium st313 strains have acquired pseudogenes and genetic deletions and appear to be evo ...201525569606
characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from pigs presenting with diarrhea in korea.between 2011 and 2012, a total of 896 pig fecal samples were collected from nine provinces in korea, and 50 salmonella enterica susp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was isolated. the characteristics of the 50 strains were analyzed, and 4 strains were identified as salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-. salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- could not be distinguished from s. typhimurium through phage typing, antimicrobial resistance testing or multiple-locus variable-number ta ...201526074410
salmonellae interactions with host processes.salmonellae invasion and intracellular replication within host cells result in a range of diseases, including gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, enteric fever and focal infections. in recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that salmonellae use to alter host cell physiology; through the delivery of effector proteins with specific activities and through the modulation of defence and stress response pathways. in this review, we summarize our cu ...201525749450
complete genome sequence of a human-invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain of the emerging sequence type 213 harboring a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid and a blacmy-2-carrying incf plasmid.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain 33676 was isolated in mexico city, mexico, from a patient with a systemic infection, and its complete genome sequence was determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. strain 33676 harbors an incf plasmid carrying the extended-spectrum cephalosporin gene blacmy-2 and a multidrug resistance inca/c plasmid.201526564044
a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr as a complementary tool for subtyping of salmonella typhimurium.subtyping below the serovar level is essential for surveillance and outbreak detection and investigation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and its monophasic variant 1,4,[5],12:i:- (s. 1,4,[5],12:i:-), frequent causes of foodborne infections. in an attempt to overcome the intrinsic shortcomings of currently used subtyping techniques, a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr (mol-pcr) assay was developed which combines different types of molecular markers ...201526205523
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strain sej.salmonella enterica constitutes a group of enteric pathogens with a broad host range, including humans, reptiles, and birds. s. enterica subsp. enterica is a common cause of inflammatory diarrhea in humans. we present the draft genome of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strain sej, including a 59-kbp plasmid.201425342692
correction for rehman et al., high-quality draft whole-genome sequences of 162 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated from diverse sources in canada. 201425237031
evaluation of viability-qpcr detection system on viable and dead salmonella serovar enteritidis.the propidium monoazide (pma) coupled with pcr (viability pcr) is used in foodborne pathogen detection in order to detect only viable bacteria. originally presented to fully remove the signal of dead bacteria, the limits of the viability pcr rapidly came out in the literature. in this study, the use of pma in a viability-qpcr (v-qpcr) was assessed on viable and dead cells of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. the pma treatment protocol was modified (dark incubation duration ...201424927988
high-quality draft whole-genome sequences of 162 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated from diverse sources in canada.we report the high-quality draft genome sequences of 162 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis representing diverse phage types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiles. the analysis of these genomes will enable the identification of markers that are useful for differentiating strains of this highly clonal serovar and will provide insights into the evolution, virulence, and epidemiology of the strains.201424786953
complete genome sequences of 16 canadian strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is an important zoonotic food-borne pathogen causing serious human illnesses frequently linked to poultry products. here, we report fully assembled genome sequences of 16 s. enteritidis strains with common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and phage types (8, 13, 13a, and 14b) that predominate in north america.201424762938
association between indoor environmental contamination by salmonella enterica and contamination of eggs on layer farms.this study involves longitudinal and point-in-time surveys of salmonella carriage and environmental contamination on two commercial cage layer farms positive for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (flock a age, 32 weeks; flock b age, 34 weeks). salmonella-positive fecal, egg belt, and dust samples were all unconditionally associated with eggshells testing positive for salmonella. the odds of an eggshell testing positive for salmonella were 91.8, 61.5, and 18.2 times higher w ...201424966362
immunochromatographic strip assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium in artificially contaminated tomato samples.this study was designed to confirm the applicability of a liposome-based immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) in artificially contaminated tomato samples. to determine the detection limit and pre-enrichment incubation time (10, 12, and 18 h pre-enrichment in 1% buffered peptone water), the tests were performed with different cell numbers of salmonella typhimurium (3 × 10(0), 3 × 10(1), 3 × 10(2), a ...201424896193
distribution of gifsy-3 and of variants of st64b and gifsy-1 prophages amongst salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates: evidence that combinations of prophages promote clonality.salmonella isolates harbour a range of resident prophages which can influence their virulence and ability to compete and survive in their environment. phage gene profiling of a range of phage types of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) indicates a significant level of correlation of phage gene profile with phage type as well as correlation with genotypes determined by a combination of multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) typing and clustered regu ...201424475087
diversity of plasmids encoding virulence and resistance functions in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains circulating in europe.plasmids encoding resistance and virulence properties in multidrug resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- isolates recovered from pigs and humans (2006-2008) in europe were characterised. the isolates were selected based on the detection by pcr-amplification of s. typhimurium virulence plasmid pslt genes and were analysed by multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). the resistance genes present in the isolates and the association of these genes wit ...201424586926
effects of leachate from crumb rubber and zinc in green roofs on the survival, growth, and resistance characteristics of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium.the use of green roofs is a growing practice worldwide, particularly in densely populated areas. in an attempt to find new methods for recycling crumb rubber, incorporation of crumb rubber into artificial medium for plant growth in green roofs and similar engineered environments has become an attractive option for the recycling of waste tires. though this approach decreases waste in landfills, there are concerns about the leaching of zinc and other heavy metals, as well as nutrient and organic c ...201424584242
salmonella spp. as a cause of mortality and clinical symptoms in free-living garden bird species in poland.some species of garden birds are considered to be sensitive to salmonella (s.) spp. infections. the aim of this study was to determine the cause of mortality of six free-living birds in one private property in suburban area of wrocław (poland). in 2013 poland experienced prolonged winter, with low temperatures and snow precipitations. during march and april, two dead individuals of the eurasian siskin (carduelis spinus) and four dead individuals of the greenfinch (carduelis chloris) were found i ...201425638990
first complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain atcc 13311 (nctc 74), a reference strain of multidrug resistance, as achieved by use of pacbio single-molecule real-time technology.we report the first complete genomic sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain atcc 13311, the leading food-borne pathogen and a reference strain used in drug resistance studies. de novo assembly with pacbio sequencing completed its chromosome and one plasmid. they will accelerate the investigation into multidrug resistance in salmonella typhimurium.201425278532
preventing adhesion of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium lt2 on tomato surfaces via ultrathin polyethylene glycol film.this work deals with adhesion of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (s. typhimurium lt2) on polyethylene glycol (peg) coated tomato surfaces. peg coating was characterized by water contact angle technique, scanning electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. it was shown that peg films could physisorb on the tomato surfaces after the oxygen plasma treatment, which made some outermost layers of the surfaces hydrophilic. bacterial ...201424935688
functional insight from the tetratricopeptide repeat-like motifs of the type iii secretion chaperone sica in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.sica functions both as a class ii chaperone for sipb and sipc of the type iii secretion system (t3ss)-1 and as a transcriptional cofactor for the arac-type transcription factor invf in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. bioinformatic analysis has predicted that sica possesses three tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr)-like motifs, which are important for protein-protein interactions and serve as multiprotein complex mediators. to investigate whether the tpr-like motifs in sica ar ...201424224875
genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain durban.we report the genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain durban, isolated from a patient with salmonellosis and typhoid fever. the strain is closely related to s. enterica subsp. enterica strain p125109 but differs in loss of the se20 prophage and acquisition of a prophage similar to elphis.201424812224
genome sequence of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar namur strain 05-2929, lacking the salmonella atypical fimbrial operon.this paper announces the genome sequence and annotation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar namur strain 05-2929. s. namur is a new serovar (39:z4,z23:-) that was isolated from a patient with salmonellosis in 2005 in namur, belgium, and has been identified as lacking the salmonella atypical fimbrial (saf) operon.201424723724
fully assembled genome sequence for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar javiana cfsan001992. 201424699966
an evaluation of alternative methods for constructing phylogenies from whole genome sequence data: a case study with salmonella.comparative genomics based on whole genome sequencing (wgs) is increasingly being applied to investigate questions within evolutionary and molecular biology, as well as questions concerning public health (e.g., pathogen outbreaks). given the impact that conclusions derived from such analyses may have, we have evaluated the robustness of clustering individuals based on wgs data to three key factors: (1) next-generation sequencing (ngs) platform (hiseq, miseq, iontorrent, 454, and solid), (2) algo ...201425332847
clonal distribution of monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in the czech republic.abstract salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- has become the third most common serotype in europe, including the czech republic. in this study, phenotypic and genotypic methods for a more detailed description of this serotype were used. analysis of a limited number of isolates revealed that 76% of them belonged to phage type dt193. also, rare phage types dt208 and u311 were identified. in total, 88.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents. in this study, 24 multilocus variable- ...201424823892
multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin.salmonella serovar dublin causes disease in cattle and leads to considerable production losses. in humans, severe invasive disease and high mortality rates are reported. the presently available typing methods provide insufficient discrimination within salm. dublin for epidemiological investigations. in this study, we developed a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) scheme for high discriminatory typing of salm. dublin.201424517207
quinolone resistance mechanisms in salmonella enterica serovars hadar, kentucky, virchow, schwarzengrund, and 4,5,12:i:-, isolated from humans in switzerland, and identification of a novel qnrd variant, qnrd2, in s. hadar.human isolates of salmonella enterica serovars hadar, kentucky, virchow, schwarzengrund, and the monophasic variant of s. typhimurium, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- were examined for mutations within the quinolone resistance target genes gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare and for plasmid-mediated resistance genes. differences were observed among the serovars. a novel variant of qnrd, qnrd2, was detected in an s. hadar isolate.201424733466
whole-genome sequencing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana strains isolated from agricultural sources.we report the draft genomes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana strain cvm42234, isolated from chick feed in 2012, and s. cubana strain 76814, isolated from swine in 2004. the genome sizes are 4,975,046 and 4,936,251 bp, respectively.201424459266
antimicrobial resistance in salmonella strains clinically isolated in hyogo, japan (2009-2012).the purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents and genetic diversity of 195 clinical strains of salmonella spp., which were isolated and examined for the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) blactx-m gene and the presence of gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare genes mutations in hyogo, japan, from 2009 to 2012. forty-three of the 195 strains were antimicrobial resistant. two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains, 1 serovar schwarzengrund, and 1 serova ...201424451104
salmonella vaccines: lessons from the mouse model or bad teaching?salmonella enterica subsp. enterica includes several very important human serovars including typhi, paratyphi, typhimurium and enteritidis. these bacteria cause a significant global burden of disease, typically classified into enteric fever, gastroenteritis and, more recently, invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (ints). vaccines have been developed for one of these serovars, s. typhi and the recent increase in ints cases has resulted in a push to develop new vaccines that will inhibit disease b ...201424440968
extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and ampc β-lactamase-producing d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b from broilers and human patients in belgium, 2008-10.to characterize the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance of d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b (serovar paratyphi b dt+) strains that have emerged in poultry and humans in belgium during 2008-10.201424379303
[occurrence and characterization of monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica with antigenic formula 1,4, [5], 12: i:-isolated in poland in 2007-2012].salmonella is significant etiological agent of bacterial intestinal infections in poland and other european union countries. since the 90's increasing incidence of monophasic salmonella antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:-has been observed, which are divided into two lineages: spanish and european. more common european lineage are characterized by antimicrobial resistance assut and dt193 phagetype. in many european countries, these organisms have become one of the most commonly isolated serovars. th ...201425369653
first fully closed genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana associated with a food-borne outbreak.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cubana (salmonella serovar cubana) is associated with human and animal disease. here, we used third-generation, single-molecule, real-time dna sequencing to determine the first complete genome sequence of salmonella serovar cubana cfsan002050, which was isolated from fresh alfalfa sprouts during a multistate outbreak in 2012.201425359917
a comparison of the bax system method to the u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual and international organization for standardization reference methods for the detection of salmonella in a variety of soy ingredients.the performances of two dupont bax system pcr assays for detecting salmonella on a variety of low-moisture soy ingredients were evaluated against the u. s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual (fda bam) method or the international organization for standardization (iso) 6579 reference method. these evaluations were conducted as a single laboratory validation at an iso 17025 accredited third-party laboratory. validations were conducted on five soy ingredients: isolated ...201425285497
studies on the antibacterial activity of khaya senegalensis [(desr.) a. juss)] stem bark extract on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi [(ex kauffmann and edwards) le minor and popoff].to study the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of the stem bark extracts of khaya senegalensis (k. senegalensis) against salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi.201425183098
characterization of an unusual salmonella phage type dt7a and report of a foodborne outbreak of salmonellosis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12,i:- is a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium and its occurrence has markedly increased in several european countries in the last ten years. in june 2011, an outbreak of salmonella 4,[5],12,i:- was reported among attendees of a wedding reception in the north-east of italy. the source of this outbreak was identified as a cooked pork product served during the wedding reception. all salmonella isolates from humans and the contaminated por ...201425108760
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