Publications

transfer of megaplasmid pkb1 from the rubber-degrading bacterium gordonia westfalica strain kb1 to related bacteria and its modification.	because engineering of the 101.016-bp megaplasmid pkb1 of gordonia westfalica kb1 failed due to the absence of an effective transfer system, pkb1 was transferred by conjugation from g. westfalica kb1 to a kanamycin-resistant mutant of rhodococcus opacus pd630 at a frequency of about 6.2 x 10(-8) events per recipient cell. furthermore, pkb1 was transferred to g. polyisoprenivorans strains vh2 and y2k and to mycobacterium smegmatis by electroporation at frequencies of 5.5 x 10(3), 1.9 x 10(3), and ...	2008	18034340
stabilization of water-in-oil emulsion by rhodococcus opacus b-4 and its application to biotransformation.	rhodococcus opacus b-4, which has recently been isolated as an organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by inhibition of droplet coalescence when the cells were dispersed in 90% (v/v) organic solvents. confocal microscopy revealed that many bacterial cells assembled at the interface between oil and water droplets, though free cells were also detectable at the inside of water droplets. bacterial cells in the w/o emulsion were capable of utilizing both a water-so ...	2008	18270698
differences of heterotrophic 13co2 assimilation by pseudomonas knackmussii strain b13 and rhodococcus opacus 1cp and potential impact on biomarker stable isotope probing.	motivated by the finding that pseudomonas knackmussii b13 but not rhodococcus opacus 1cp grows in the absence of externally provided co(2), we investigated the assimilation of (13)co(2) into active cells cultivated with non-labelled glucose as sole energy substrate. (13)c found in the bulk biomass indicated a substantial but different co(2) assimilation by pseudomonas and rhodococcus, respectively (3500 per thousand and 2600 per thousand). cellular fatty acids were labelled from -15 per thousand ...	2008	18341583
analysis of the 7.6-kb cryptic plasmid pnc500 from rhodococcus rhodochrous b-276 and construction of rhodococcus-e. coli shuttle vector.	four circular cryptic plasmids were detected from propene-degrading rhodococcus rhodochrous (formerly nocardia corallina) b-276 and the smallest 7.6-kb plasmid, named pnc500 was used to construct rhodococcus-e. coli shuttle vector, pnc5403. sequence analysis of pnc500 revealed that the plasmid contains eight potential orfs, namely 1 through 8. the deduced amino acid sequences for orfs 3, 4, 6, and 7 show homology with those of rep a, rep b, dna methyl-transferase (m.xami), and restriction nuclea ...	2007	17043815
cloning, sequencing, and expression of a novel epoxide hydrolase gene from rhodococcus opacus in escherichia coli and characterization of enzyme.	an epoxide hydrolase gene of about 0.8 kb was cloned from rhodococcus opacus ml-0004, and the open reading frame (orf) sequence predicted a protein of 253 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 28 kda. an expression plasmid carrying the gene under the control of the tac promotor was introduced into escherichia coli, and the epoxide hydrolase gene was successfully expressed in the recombinant strains. some characteristics of purified recombinant epoxide hydrolase were also studied. epoxide hy ...	2007	17043819
enzymatic and genetic profiles in environmental strains grown on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.	the possible generation of oxidative stress induced by aromatic hydrocarbon degradation suggests that ancillary enzyme activities could facilitate the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. to investigate the metabolic profiles of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading strains of sphingobium chlorophenolicum, rhodococcus aetherovorans, rhodococcus opacus and mycobacterium smegmatis, the determination of the activity of putative detoxifying ...	2007	17109059
utilization of hydrophobic bacterium rhodococcus opacus b-4 as whole-cell catalyst in anhydrous organic solvents.	rhodococcus opacus strain b-4, which has recently been isolated as an organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, has a high hydrophobicity and exhibits a high affinity for hydrocarbons. this bacterium was able to survive for at least 5 days in organic solvents, including n-tetradecane, oleyl alcohol, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (behp), which contained water less than 1% (w/v). the biocatalytic ability of r. opacus b-4 was demonstrated in the essentially nonaqueous behp using indigo production from ...	2007	17123076
identification and characterization of o-xylene-degrading rhodococcus spp. which were dominant species in the remediation of o-xylene-contaminated soils.	soils contaminated with o-xylene were more difficult to bioremediate than those contaminated with other btex hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and p-xylene). in order to identify microorganisms responsible for o-xylene degradation in soil, microbial community structure analyses were carried out with two soil samples in the presence of o-xylene and mineral nutrients. in two different soil samples, rhodococcus opacus became abundant. we were also able to isolate o-xylene degra ...	2007	16485082
the structure of a bacterial l-amino acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus gives new evidence for the hydride mechanism for dehydrogenation.	l-amino acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus (rolaao) is classified as a member of the gr(2)-family of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases according to a highly conserved sequence motif for the cofactor binding. the monomer of the homodimeric enzyme consists of three well-defined domains: the fad-binding domain corresponding to a general topology throughout the whole gr(2)-family; a substrate-binding domain with almost the same topology as the snake venom laao and a helical domain exclusively respo ...	2007	17234209
an aerobic sequencing batch reactor for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) biodegradation.	a bench scale sequencing batch reactor (sbr) was designed and tested for degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (tnp) or picric acid-contaminated wastewater or groundwater. under varying temperatures (25, 15 and 10 degrees c) and influent concentrations (40-200 mg/l tnp) a stable biomass was developed that was consistently capable of degrading the explosive compound to below regulatory drinking water limits (0.057 mg/l). the reactor was initially seeded with a nitroaromatic and nitramine degrading ...	2007	17286267
intradiol pathway of para-cresol conversion by rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the growth of rhodococcus opacus 1cp in medium with different concentrations of p-cresol as the sole source of carbon and energy was studied. it was shown that the optimal concentration of p-cresol was 600 mg/l. the ability of this strain to transform practically all amounts of p-cresol to 4-methylcatechol followed by its utilization through ortho-pathway was shown. new enzymes (4-methylcatechol 1,2-dioxygenase, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, and methylmuconate cycloisomerase) were purified to homoge ...	2007	17506026
potential of rhodococcus strains for biotechnological vanillin production from ferulic acid and eugenol.	the potential of two rhodococcus strains for biotechnological vanillin production from ferulic acid and eugenol was investigated. genome sequence data of rhodococcus sp. i24 suggested a coenzyme a-dependent, non-beta-oxidative pathway for ferulic acid bioconversion, which involves feruloyl-coa synthetase (fcs), enoyl-coa hydratase/aldolase (ech), and vanillin dehydrogenase (vdh). this pathway was proven for rhodococcus opacus pd630 by physiological characterization of knockout mutants. however, ...	2006	16421716
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a bacterial l-amino-acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus.	l-amino-acid oxidases (ec 1.4.3.2) catalyse the stereospecific oxidative deamination of an l-amino-acid substrate to an alpha-keto acid with the production of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. in this study, the crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a bacterial l-amino-acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus (rolaao) is described. rolaao is a dimeric protein consisting of two identical subunits of 489 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 54.2 kda and a non-covalently bound fad ...	2006	16511322
characterization of four rhodococcus alcohol dehydrogenase genes responsible for the oxidation of aromatic alcohols.	four genes were isolated and characterized for alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) catalyzing the oxidation of aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol to their corresponding aldehydes, one from o-xylene-degrading rhodococcus opacus tkn14 and the other three from n-alkane-degrading rhodococcus erythropolis pr4. various aromatic alcohols were bioconverted to their corresponding carboxylic acids using escherichia coli cells expressing each of the four adh genes together with an aromatic aldehyde dehydro ...	2006	16292529
genetic and biochemical characterization of the dioxygenase involved in lateral dioxygenation of dibenzofuran from rhodococcus opacus strain sao101.	rhodococcus opacus strain sao101 was shown to degrade on various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, dibenzofuran (df), and dibenzo-p-dioxin (dd). one of the unique traits of the strain sao101 is its ability to oxidize df compounds by lateral dioxygenation. to clone the lateral dioxygenase gene involved in compound degradation in strain sao101, we identified a cosmid clone that oxidizes aromatic compounds by using sao101 genomic dna. sequencing analysis revealed that isolated c ...	2006	16736088
crystal structure of 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase key enzyme of a new modified ortho-pathway from the gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp grown on 2-chlorophenol.	the crystal structure of the 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, a fe(iii) ion-containing enzyme specialized in the aerobic biodegradation of 3-chloro- and methyl-substituted catechols, has been solved by molecular replacement techniques using the coordinates of 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the same organism (pdb code 1s9a) as a starting model and refined at 1.9 a resolution (r(free) 21.9%; r-factor 17.4%). the analysi ...	2006	16793061
rhodococcus imtechensis sp. nov., a nitrophenol-degrading actinomycete.	a gram-positive actinobacterium, strain rkj300(t), capable of utilizing p-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol, was isolated from a pesticide-contaminated site in india. the morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the isolate were typical of members of the genus rhodococcus. the dna g+c content was 72 mol%. strain rkj300(t) exhibited the highest level of sequence similarity with rhodococcus wratislaviensis ncimb 13082(t) (99.3 %), followed by rhodococcus opacus dsm 43205(t) (98.8 %), rhodoco ...	2006	16902038
eukaryotic lipid body proteins in oleogenous actinomycetes and their targeting to intracellular triacylglycerol inclusions: impact on models of lipid body biogenesis.	bacterial neutral lipid inclusions are structurally related to eukaryotic lipid bodies. these lipid inclusions are composed of a matrix of triacylglycerols (tags) or wax esters surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids. whereas the monolayers of lipid bodies from animal and plant cells harbor specific classes of proteins which are involved in the structure of the inclusions and lipid homoestasis, no such proteins are known to be associated with bacterial lipid inclusions. the present study was ...	2006	17021226
specificity of catechol ortho-cleavage during para-toluate degradation by rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	degradation of para-toluate by rhodococcus opacus 1cp was investigated. activities of the key enzymes of this process, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase, are detected in this microorganism. growth on p-toluate was accompanied by induction of two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases. the substrate specificity and physicochemical properties of one enzyme are identical to those of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase; induction of the latter enzyme was observed during r. opacus 1cp growth on 4-ch ...	2006	17223783
the ralstonia eutropha h16 phasin phap1 is targeted to intracellular triacylglycerol inclusions in rhodococcus opacus pd630 and mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, and provides an anchor to target other proteins.	in ralstonia eutropha, the h16 phasin phap1 represents the major phasin that binds to the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) inclusions. in this study, c-terminal fusions of phap1 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) were expressed separately in the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating actinomycetes rhodococcus opacus pd630 and mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155, employing the m. smegmatis acetamidase (ace) promoter of the escherichia- ...	2006	17074898
identification and structural characterisation of novel trehalose dinocardiomycolates from n-alkane-grown rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	rhodococcus opacus 1cp, a potent degrader of (chloro-) aromatic compounds was found to utilise c10-c16 n-alkanes as sole carbon sources. highest conversion rates were observed with n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane, whereas the utilisation of n-dodecane and n-decane was considerably slower. thin-layer chromatography of organic extracts of n-alkane-grown 1cp cultures indicated the growth-associated formation of a glycolipid which was characterised as a trehalose dimycolate by 1h-nmr spectroscopy and ...	2006	16133336
mechanism of lipid-body formation in prokaryotes: how bacteria fatten up.	neutral lipid accumulation is frequently observed in some gram-negative prokaryotes like acinetobacter sp. and most actinomycetes, including the pathogenic mycobacterium tuberculosis and antibiotic producing streptomycetes. we examined the formation of wax ester- and triacylglycerol (tag)-bodies in acinetobacter calcoaceticus and rhodococcus opacus using microscopic, immunological and biophysical methods. a general model for prokaryotic lipid-body formation is proposed, clearly differing from th ...	2005	15661001
crystal structure of the hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase from nocardioides simplex 3e, a key enzyme involved in polychlorinated aromatics biodegradation.	hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (1,2-hqd) catalyzes the ring cleavage of hydroxyquinol (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene), a central intermediate in the degradation of aromatic compounds including a variety of particularly recalcitrant polychloro- and nitroaromatic pollutants. we report here the primary sequence determination and the analysis of the crystal structure of the 1,2-hqd from nocardioides simplex 3e solved at 1.75 a resolution using the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion of the two catalyt ...	2005	15772073
isolation and characterization of benzene-tolerant rhodococcus opacus strains.	twenty-two benzene-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples. among them, three isolates were highly tolerant to benzene. they grew on benzene when liquid benzene was added to the basal salt medium at 10--90% (v/v). taxonomical analysis identified the benzene-tolerant isolates as rhodococcus opacus. one of the benzene-tolerant isolates, designated b-4, could utilize many aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, n-octan ...	2005	16233805
development of a genetic transformation system for benzene-tolerant rhodococcus opacus strains.	rhodococcus opacus b-4 and b-9 are tolerant to various organic solvents including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene, and are suitable bacterial hosts for the production of chemical products from hydrophobic substrates. a 4.4-kb endogenous plasmid (pknr 01) was isolated from r. opacus b-4 and sequenced completely. plasmid pknr 01 encodes proteins that share similarity to replication proteins from the enteric bacterial and actinomycete theta-replication plasmids. a 7.4-kb chimeri ...	2005	16233810
[heterogeneity of rhodococcus opacus 1cp as a response to stress induced by chlorophenols].	dissociation of rhodococcus opacus 1cp during culturing in different media (containing phenol and its monochlorinated derivatives as the sole source of carbon and energy) was studied. three variants of strain 1cp (s1, s2, and r) differing in the morphology of cells and colonies, lipid composition, and manner of growth on phenol and monochlorophenols were isolated. it was shown that 2- and 4-chlorophenols were most actively degraded by the smooth (s) forms of the culture, and that the rough (r) f ...	2005	16240653
isolation and characterization of o-xylene oxygenase genes from rhodococcus opacus tkn14.	o-xylene is one of the most difficult-to-degrade environmental pollutants. we report here rhodococcus genes mediating oxygenation in the first step of o-xylene degradation. rhodococcus opacus tkn14, isolated from soil contaminated with o-xylene, was able to utilize o-xylene as the sole carbon source and to metabolize it to o-methylbenzoic acid. a cosmid library from the genome of this strain was constructed in escherichia coli. a bioconversion analysis revealed that a cosmid clone incorporating ...	2005	16332743
degradation of 5-nitroguaiacol by soil bacteria of the genus rhodococcus.	two bacterial strains were isolated from forest soil by selective enrichment of the mineral medium containing 4-nitropyrocatechol as the sole carbon and energy source. both strains could utilize 4-nitropyrocatechol and 5-nitroguaiacol. degradation of 5-nitroguaiacol and stoichiometric release of nitrites was measured during its degradation both in growing culture and for resting cells. both strains were unable to degrade other nitroaromatic compounds such as 4-nitroguaiacol, 2-nitrophenol, 3-nit ...	2004	15702555
npdr, a repressor involved in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol degradation in rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1.	rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1 utilizes 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) as a sole nitrogen source. the initial attack on picric acid occurs through two hydrogenation reactions. hydride transferase ii (encoded by npdi) and hydride transferase i (encoded by npdc) are responsible for the hydride transfers. database searches with the npd genes have indicated the presence of a putative transcriptional regulator, npdr. here, the npdr gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and the protein was purified ...	2004	14679229
crystal structure of 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the crystal structure of the 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, a fe(iii) ion-containing enzyme involved in the aerobic biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds, has been solved by multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion using the weak anomalous signal of the two catalytic irons (1 fe/257 amino acids) and refined at a 2.5 a resolution (r(free) 28.7%; r factor 21.4%). the analysis of the structure and its comparison with the ...	2004	15060064
nitrite elimination and hydrolytic ring cleavage in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) degradation.	two hydrogenation reactions in the initial steps of degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol produce the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. the npdh gene (contained in the npd gene cluster of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1) was shown here to encode a tautomerase, catalyzing a proton shift between the aci-nitro and the nitro forms of the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. an enzyme (which eliminated nitrite from the aci-ni ...	2004	15128543
rhodococcus opacus expresses the xsc gene to utilize taurine as a carbon source or as a nitrogen source but not as a sulfur source.	the gram-positive bacteria rhodococcus opacus iso-5 and rhodococcus sp. rha1 utilized taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen or of sulfur for growth. different gene clusters and enzymes were active under these different metabolic situations. under carbon- or nitrogen-limited conditions three enzymes were induced, though to different levels: taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase (tpa), alanine dehydrogenase (ald) and sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (xsc). the ...	2004	15184572
a novel p-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101.	p-nitrophenol (4-np) is recognized as an environmental contaminant; it is used primarily for manufacturing medicines and pesticides. to date, several 4-np-degrading bacteria have been isolated; however, the genetic information remains very limited. in this study, a novel 4-np degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was identified and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of npcb, npca, and npcc showed identity with phenol 2-hydroxylase compon ...	2004	15262926
isolation and characterization of the rhodococcus opacus thiostrepton-inducible genes tipal and tipas: application for recombinant protein expression in rhodococcus.	we cloned the rhodococcus opacus (strain dsm 44193) tipa gene, which encodes two translation products, tipal and tipas. the gene products are homologous to the streptomyces spp. tipal and tipas proteins, respectively. the tipa promoter is highly active and tipas protein is predominantly accumulated in r. opacus cells when the inducer of transcription, thiostrepton, was presented in culture medium. we found that thiostrepton is also induced the expression of an endogenous tipa-family protein in r ...	2004	15268935
a linear megaplasmid, p1cp, carrying the genes for chlorocatechol catabolism of rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the gram-positive actinobacterium rhodococcus opacus 1cp is able to utilize several (chloro)aromatic compounds as sole carbon sources, and gene clusters for various catabolic enzymes and pathways have previously been identified. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicates the occurrence of a 740 kb megaplasmid, designated p1cp. linear topology and the presence of covalently bound proteins were shown by the unchanged electrophoretic mobility after s1 nuclease treatment and by the immobility of the ...	2004	15347765
physiological and morphological responses of the soil bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 to water stress.	rhodococcus opacus pd630 was investigated for physiological and morphological changes under water stress challenge. gluconate- and hexadecane-grown cells were extremely resistant to these conditions, and survival accounted for up to 300 and 400 days; respectively, when they were subjected to slow air-drying. results of this study suggest that strain pd630 has specific mechanisms to withstand water stress. water-stressed cells were sensitive to the application of ethanol, high temperatures and ox ...	2004	19712366
preliminary crystallographic analysis of 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase of a new modified ortho-pathway from the gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp grown on 2-chlorophenol.	3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (3-clc1,2do), a key enzyme of a new modified ortho-pathway, was isolated from a variant of the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus 1cp utilizing 2-chlorophenol as the sole energy and carbon source via a 3-chlorocatechol branch of a modified ortho-pathway. 3-clc1,2do catalyzes the intradiol cleavage of 3-chlorocatechol. the enzyme contains fe(iii) ions essential to the catalytic activity; it is a homodimer with a molecular weight of about 58 kda composed of ...	2003	12499567
desulfonation and degradation of the disulfodiphenylethercarboxylates from linear alkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate surfactants.	earlier work showed that the biodegradation of a commercial linear monoalkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate surfactant as a carbon source for microbial growth leads to the quantitative formation of corresponding disulfodiphenylether carboxylates (dsdpecs), which were not degraded. alpha-proteobacterium strain ds-1 (dsm 13023) catalyzes these reactions. these dsdpecs have now been characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled via an electrospray interface to a mass spectrometer. dsdpecs w ...	2003	12571015
heterologous expression of rhodococcus opacus l-amino acid oxidase in streptomyces lividans.	l-amino acid oxidase (l-aao) from rhodococcus opacus is a highly enantioselective enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that catalyses the oxidation of l-amino acids to keto acids. the lao-gene (ay053450) from r. opacus was cloned into different escherichia coli and streptomyces lividans expression vectors. expression in e. coli resulted in the accumulation of insoluble protein, but s. lividans was a suitable host for the heterologous production of l-aao. when using the thiostrepton-inducibl ...	2003	12699695
homologous npdgi genes in 2,4-dinitrophenol- and 4-nitrophenol-degrading rhodococcus spp.	rhodococcus (opacus) erythropolis hl pm-1 grows on 2,4,6-trinitrophenol or 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-dnp) as a sole nitrogen source. the nadph-dependent f(420) reductase (ndfr; encoded by npdg) and the hydride transferase ii (htii; encoded by npdi) of the strain were previously shown to convert both nitrophenols to their respective hydride meisenheimer complexes. in the present study, npdg and npdi were amplified from six 2,4-dnp degrading rhodococcus spp. the genes showed sequence similarities of ...	2003	12732545
conversion of 2-fluoromuconate to cis-dienelactone by purified enzymes of rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the present study describes the (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the conversion of 3-halocatechols to lactones by purified chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (clca2), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (clcb2), and chloromuconolactone dehalogenase (clcf) from rhodococcus opacus 1cp grown on 2-chlorophenol. the 3-halocatechol substrates were produced from the corresponding 2-halophenols by either phenol hydroxylase from trichosporon cutaneum or 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-mono-oxygenase from pseudomon ...	2003	12957954
expression of a functional nad-reducing [nife] hydrogenase from the gram-positive rhodococcus opacus in the gram-negative ralstonia eutropha.	the actinomycete rhodococcus opacus mr11 harbors a bidirectional nad-reducing [nife] hydrogenase (sh). this cytoplasmic enzyme is composed of two heterodimeric modules which catalyze distinct enzymatic activities. the hydrogenase moiety mediates h(2):benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity and the fmn-containing diaphorase module displays nadh:benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity. the sh of rh. opacus resembles [nife] hydrogenases present in strains of the proteobacterium ralstonia eutropha a ...	2002	11807565
npd gene functions of rhodococcus (opacus) erythropolis hl pm-1 in the initial steps of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol degradation.	rhodococcus (opacus) erythropolis hl pm-1 grows on 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-dnp) as sole nitrogen source. a gene cluster involved in picric acid degradation was recently identified. the functional assignment of three of its genes, npdc, npdg and npdi, and the tentative functional assignment of a fourth one, npdh, is reported. the genes were expressed in escherichia coli as his-tag fusion proteins that were purified by ni-affinity chromatography. the enzyme act ...	2002	11882715
rhodococcus jostii sp. nov., isolated from a medieval grave.	the taxonomic position of a bacterial strain isolated from the femur of the remains of jost lucemburský, margrave in moravia, brno (czech republic), was investigated by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular taxonomic methods. the chemotaxonomic characteristics, including the cell-wall amino acid and sugar compositions, the quinone system and the fatty acid profile, were in good agreement with those of the genus rhodococcus. the g+c content of the dna was 67.4 mol%. comparative 16s rrna gene s ...	2002	11931149
identification of phenyldecanoic acid as a constituent of triacylglycerols and wax ester produced by rhodococcus opacus pd630.	phenyldecane supported growth and lipid accumulation of rhodococcus opacus pd630 during cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. the results of this study suggested that the hydrocarbon phenyldecane was degraded by monoterminal oxidation, followed by beta-oxidation of the alkyl side-chain to phenylacetic acid, and by an additional degradative route for the oxidation of the latter to intermediates of the central metabolism. alpha-oxidation of phenyldecanoic acid also occurred to some exten ...	2002	11988514
4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp: crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis.	4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (4-clc1,2do) from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, an enzyme involved in the aerobic biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds, has been crystallized. 4-clc1,2do, which specifically catalyzes the intradiol cleavage of 4-substituted catechols, which are intermediates in the degradation of a variety of aromatic pollutants, to the corresponding maleylacetates, has recently been purified to homogeneity. the enzyme is an homodimer co ...	2002	12037322
transfer of tsukamurella wratislaviensis goodfellow et a. 1995 to the genus rhodococcus as rhodococcus wratislaviensis comb. nov..	a polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the taxonomic position of the type strain (n805t) of tsukamurella wratislaviensis. this organism showed a combination of phenotypic properties, notably chemotaxonomic markers, consistent with its classification in the genus rhodococcus. comparative 16s rdna sequencing studies indicated that strain 805t falls into the rhodococcus erythropolis subclade, where it forms a monophyletic group with the type strains of rhodococcus opacus and rhodococcus perco ...	2002	12054234
a new modified ortho cleavage pathway of 3-chlorocatechol degradation by rhodococcus opacus 1cp: genetic and biochemical evidence.	the 4-chloro- and 2,4-dichlorophenol-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus 1cp has previously been shown to acquire, during prolonged adaptation, the ability to mineralize 2-chlorophenol. in addition, homogeneous chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from 2-chlorophenol-grown biomass has shown relatively high activity towards 3-chlorocatechol. based on sequences of the n terminus and tryptic peptides of this enzyme, degenerate pcr primers were now designed and used for cloning of the respective gene from ...	2002	12218013
triacylglycerols in prokaryotic microorganisms.	triacylglycerols (tag) are fatty acid triesters of glycerol; there are diverse types of tag with different properties depending on their fatty acid composition. the occurrence of tag as reserve compounds is widespread among eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, fungi, plants and animals, whereas occurrence of tag in bacteria has only rarely been described. however, accumulation of tag seems to be widespread among bacteria belonging to the actinomycetes group, such as species of mycobacterium, stre ...	2002	12466875
difference in degrading p-nitrophenol between indigenous bacteria in a reactor.	p-nitrophenol (pnp) -degrading bacteria were isolated from a reactor using a mineral salt medium containing a low and high pnp concentration. we isolated two bacterial species, pseudomonas sp. ytk17 and rhodococcus opacus ytk32, that utilize pnp as their sole source of carbon and energy. these strains exhibited differences in pnp degradation activity in relation to pnp concentration. strain ytk17 showed a high level of degradation following pre-exposure to a low pnp concentration, whereas strain ...	2002	16233242
metabolism of dibenzo-p-dioxin and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin by a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101.	a dibenzo-p-dioxin-degrading bacterial strain, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was isolated from forest soil samples collected from the subtropical islands of japan by enrichment of a mineral salt medium containing dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source. the isolated bacterium could utilize dibenzo-p-dioxin as the sole carbon and energy source, and also many monocyclic aromatic compounds, such as toluene, phenol, and chlorobenzene, as well as bicyclic aromatic compounds, such as biphenyl, ...	2001	16233073
protective effect of nocardia opaca lysozyme digest in experimental murine candida albicans infections.	candida albicans, as an opportunistic pathogen, causes therapeutic problems in immunocompetent individuals and frequently it initiates severe infections in immunocompromised hosts. the application of a lysozyme digest preparation from the cell walls of nocardia opaca (nocardia lysozyme digest; nld), recently classified as rhodococcus opacus, has a protective effect in intravenous (i.v.) c. albicans infections in inbred icr mice which have normal complement production. it also significantly reduc ...	2001	11346272
biotransformation of d-limonene to (+) trans-carveol by toluene-grown rhodococcus opacus pwd4 cells.	the toluene-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus pwd4 was found to hydroxylate d-limonene exclusively in the 6-position, yielding enantiomerically pure (+) trans-carveol and traces of (+) carvone. this biotransformation was studied using cells cultivated in chemostat culture with toluene as a carbon and energy source. the maximal specific activity of (+) trans-carveol formation was 14.7 u (g of cells [dry weight])(-1), and the final yield was 94 to 97%. toluene was found to be a strong competitiv ...	2001	11375201
enzymes of a new modified ortho-pathway utilizing 2-chlorophenol in rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (cc 1,2-do), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (cmci), chloromuconolactone isomerase (cmli), and dienolactone hydrolase (delh), the key enzymes of a new modified ortho-pathway in rhodococcus opacus 1cp cells utilizing 2-chlorophenol via a 3-chlorocatechol branch of a modified ortho-pathway, were isolated and characterized. cc 1,2-do showed the maximum activity with 3-chlorocatechol; its activity with catechol and 4-chlorocatechol was 93 and 50%, respectively. the enzym ...	2001	11405892
high cell density cultivation of rhodococcus opacus for lipid production at a pilot-plant scale.	the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 was investigated with respect to the fermentative production of tags consisting of an unusually high fraction of fatty acids with an odd-number of carbon atoms and unsaturated monoenic fatty acids from sugar beet molasses and sucrose. fed-batch fermentations were optimized at the 30-1 scale in a stirred tank bioreactor at 30 degrees c using a mineral salts medium, which contained sugar beet molasses and sucrose as s ...	2001	11414319
factors affecting mass transfer limited biodegradation in saturated porous media.	microbial degradation rates in the subsurface are not only limited by the physiological capacity of the organisms, but also by inefficient supply of nutrients to the microbes. although mass transfer limitation of biodegradation in the subsurface has been postulated for years, experimental evidence is still scarce. in the column experiments described here, diffusive transport of 4-nitroanisole from the bulk solution to cells of rhodococcus opacus strain as2 immobilized on glass beads or sand appe ...	2001	11475163
a new type of muconate cycloisomerase from rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 89.	muconate cycloisomerase (mci) was purified from rhodococcus rhodochrous 89 grown on phenol. the enzyme appears to contain two different type subunits with molecular masses 35.5 and 37 kd. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of both subunits showed more similarity to corresponding enzymes from gram-negative bacteria than to one from rhodococcus opacus 1cp. mci from r. rhodochrous 89, like analogous enzymes from gram-negative bacteria, can convert 2-chloromuconate (2-cm) with the formation of both, ...	2001	11563954
characterization of rhodococcus opacus r7, a strain able to degrade naphthalene and o-xylene isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.	rhodococcus opacus r7 was isolated from a soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for its ability to grow on naphthalene. the strain was also able to degrade o-xylene, the isomer of xylenes most recalcitrant to microbial degradation. the catabolic pathways for naphthalene and o-xylene were investigated by identification of metabolites in r. opacus r7 cultures performed with the two hydrocarbons and by evaluation of some enzymes involved in the metabolism of these compounds. 1,2-d ...	2001	11605984
preparative isolation of lipid inclusions from rhodococcus opacus and rhodococcus ruber and identification of granule-associated proteins.	triacylglycerol granules synthesized and accumulated by rhodococcus opacus and rhodococcus ruber were isolated by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. whereas only one type of granule could be isolated from r. opacus, two types of granules with different specific densities were isolated from r. ruber. both types of r. ruber granules showed a similar content of triacylglycerols and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate), but the protein profiles of both types were significantly differ ...	2001	11797040
characterization of the protocatechuic acid catabolic gene cluster from streptomyces sp. strain 2065.	protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.3) catalyzes the ring cleavage step in the catabolism of aromatic compounds through the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway. a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was purified from streptomyces sp. strain 2065 grown in p-hydroxybenzoate, and the n-terminal sequences of the beta- and alpha-subunits were obtained. pcr amplification was used for the cloning of the corresponding genes, and dna sequencing of the flanking regions showed that t ...	2000	10742233
characterization of the naphthalene-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus opacus m213.	bacterial strain m213 was isolated from a fuel oil-contaminated soil in idaho, usa, by growth on naphthalene as a sole source of carbon, and was identified as rhodococcus opacus m213 by 16s rdna sequence analysis and growth on substrates characteristic of this species. m213 was screened for growth on a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, and growth was observed only on simple 1 and 2 ring compounds. no growth or poor growth was observed with chlorinated aromatic compounds such as 2,4-dichloropheno ...	2000	10754253
identification of fluoropyrogallols as new intermediates in biotransformation of monofluorophenols in rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the transformation of monofluorophenols by whole cells of rhodococcus opacus 1cp was investigated, with special emphasis on the nature of hydroxylated intermediates formed. thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrum analysis, and (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated the formation of fluorocatechol and trihydroxyfluorobenzene derivatives from each of three monofluorophenols. the (19)f chemical shifts and proton-coupled splitting patterns of the fluorine resonances of the trihydroxyfluorobe ...	2000	10788394
[dependence of transformation of chlorophenols by rhodococci on position and number of chlorine atoms in the aromatic ring].	study of the conversion of chlorophenols by rhodococcus opacus 1g, r. rhodnii 135, r. rhodochrous 89, and r. opacus 1cp disclosed the dependence of the conversion rate and pathway on the number and position of chlorine atoms in the aromatic ring. the most active chlorophenol converter, strain r. opacus 1cp, grew on each of the three isomeric monochlorophenols and on 2,4-dichlorophenol; the rate of growth decreased from 4-chlorophenol to 3-chlorophenol and then to 2-chlorophenol. the parameters o ...	2000	10808489
rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 as a new source of high-value single-cell oil? isolation and characterization of triacylglycerols and other storage lipids.	the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating, hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 and chemically induced storage-deficient mutants derived from this strain were investigated for their capability to accumulate storage lipids in the cytoplasm during cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. acylglycerols were analysed by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof) and by reversed-phase hplc. fatty acids comprising 13-19 car ...	2000	10832641
accumulation and mobilization of storage lipids by rhodococcus opacus pd630 and rhodococcus ruber ncimb 40126.	the time course of the accumulation of triacylglycerols (tags) in rhodococcus opacus pd630 or of tags plus polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) in rhodococcus ruber ncimb 40126 with gluconate or glucose as carbon source, respectively, was studied. in addition, we examined the mobilization of these storage compounds in the absence of a carbon source. r. opacus accumulated tags only after the exhaustion of ammonium in the medium, and, with a fixed concentration of the carbon source, the amounts of tags in ...	2000	10968636
in vitro effects of sterculic acid on lipid biosynthesis in rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 and isolation of mutants defective in fatty acid desaturation.	the in vivo effects of sterculic acid methyl ester on triacylglycerol fatty acid composition in the oleaginous, hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium r. opacus strain pd630 was investigated. sterculic acid, a cyclopropene fatty acid and an inhibitor of the stearoyl-coa desaturase system, strongly inhibited the synthesis of monoenic fatty acids, of saturated fatty acids with more than 16 carbon atoms and of odd-numbered fatty acids when added to the culture medium. in addition, chemical mutagenesis and ...	2000	10981688
[growth of rhodococcus opacus on mixtures of monohalogenated benzenes and phenols].	the growth of rhodococcus opacus gm-14 on mixtures of 2-chloro- and 2-bromophenol, of 4-chloro, 4-bromo-, and 4-iodophenol, and of chloro-, bromo-, and iodobenzenes was accompanied by consumption of the substrates and excretion of halogen ions to the medium. during the growth on monochlorophenols, the substrates were consumed sequentially in the following order: 4-chloro-, 3-chloro-, and then 2-chlorophenol. chlorine ions were excreted in a two-phase manner in amounts comprising 79% of the theor ...	2000	11008684
a pharmacokinetic study of jomo-tech in rats.	a pharmacokinetic study of 99mtc labelled jomo-tech in rats (after intravenous administration of a dose of 20 microg/kg body weight) was conducted. jomo-tech is a heterogeneous extract derived from nocardia opaca cell walls. an excellent fitting of the three-compartmental disposition model was achieved. the first apparent elimination half-life was very short (t1/2alpha = 0.0572 +/- 0.01383 h) followed by longer second apparent elimination half-life (t1/2beta = 0.817 +/- 0.1922 h), whereas at lat ...	2000	11112087
chromosome topology and genome size of selected actinomycetes species.	information about the genome organization of actinomycetes species is restricted to a few genera: corynebacterium, mycobacterium, rhodococcus, saccharopolyspora and streptomyces. streptomyces species and saccharopolyspora erythraea were shown to contain a single linear 8 mb chromosome. in contrast, the corynebacterium, mycobacterium and rhodococcus species studied were demonstrated to possess a smaller (3 mb-6.5 mb) single circular chromosome. to investigate whether linear chromosome topology an ...	2000	11386344
linear alkanesulfonates as carbon and energy sources for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	several bacteria from soil and rainwater samples were enriched and isolated with propanesulfonate or butanesulfonate as sole carbon and energy source. most of the strains isolated utilized nonsubstituted alkanesulfonates with a chain length of c3-c6 and the substituted sulfonates taurine and isethionate as carbon and energy source. a gram-positive isolate, p40, and a gram-negative isolate, p53, were characterized in more detail. phylogenetic analysis grouped strain p40 within group iv of the gen ...	1999	10369899
preferential oxidative dehalogenation upon conversion of 2-halophenols by rhodococcus opacus 1g.	the regiospecificity of hydroxylation of c2-halogenated phenols by rhodococcus opacus 1g was investigated. oxidative defluorination at the c2 position ortho with respect to the hydroxyl moiety was preferred over hydroxylation at the non-fluorinated c6 position for all 2-fluorophenol compounds studied. initial hydroxylation of 2,3, 5-trichlorophenol resulted in the exclusive formation of 3, 5-dichlorocatechol. these results indicate that, in contrast to all other phenol ortho-hydroxylases studied ...	1999	10564791
establishment of a gene transfer system for rhodococcus opacus pd630 based on electroporation and its application for recombinant biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acids).	a gene transfer system for rhodococcus opacus pd630 based on electroporation was established and optimized employing the escherichia coli-rhodococcus shuttle vectors pnc9501 and pnc9503 as well as the e. coli-corynebacterium glutamicum shuttle vector pjc1 as suitable cloning vectors for r. opacus pd630, resulting in transformation efficiencies up to 1.5 x 10(5) cfus/microgram plasmid dna. applying the optimized electroporation protocol to the pnc9501-derivatives pak68 and pak71 harboring the ent ...	1999	10570798
3-nitroadipate, a metabolic intermediate for mineralization of 2, 4-dinitrophenol by a new strain of a rhodococcus species.	the bacterial strain rb1 has been isolated by enrichment cultivation with 2,4-dinitrophenol as the sole nitrogen, carbon, and energy source and characterized, on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence comparison, as a rhodococcus species closely related to rhodococcus opacus. rhodococcus sp. strain rb1 degrades 2,4-dinitrophenol, releasing the two nitro groups from the compound as nitrite. the release of nitro groups from 2,4-dinitrophenol occurs in two steps. first, the 2-nitro group is removed as ...	1999	9864324
a sensitive, viable-colony staining method using nile red for direct screening of bacteria that accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acids and other lipid storage compounds.	the oxazine dye nile blue a and its fluorescent oxazone form, nile red, were used to develop a simple and highly sensitive staining method to detect poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) and other polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (phas) directly in growing bacterial colonies. in contrast to previously described methods, these dyes were directly included in the medium at concentrations of only 0.5 microgram/ml, and growth of the cells occurred in the presence of the dyes. this allowed an estimation of the presenc ...	1999	9914303
effect of aromatic compounds on cellular fatty acid composition of rhodococcus opacus.	in cells of rhodococcus opacus gm-14, gm-29, and 1cp, the contents of branched (10-methyl) fatty acids increased from 3% to 15 to 34% of the total fatty acids when the cells were grown on benzene, phenol, 4-chlorophenol, chlorobenzene, or toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy, in comparison with cells grown on fructose. in addition, the content of trans-hexadecenoic acid increased from 5% to 8 to 18% with phenol or chlorophenol as the carbon source. the 10-methyl branched fatty acid co ...	1999	9925629
the putative regulator of catechol catabolism in rhodococcus opacus 1cp--an iclr-type, not a lysr-type transcriptional regulator.	the catechol catabolic genes catabc from rhodococcus opacus 1cp have previously been characterized by sequence analysis of the insert cloned on plasmid prer1. now, a 5.1-kb dna fragment which overlaps with the insert of prer1 was cloned, yielding prer2, and subjected to sequencing. besides three other open reading frames, a gene was detected ca 200 bp upstream of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene cata, which is obviously transcribed divergently from catabc. the protein which can be deduced from ...	1998	10068790
characterization of a protocatechuate catabolic gene cluster from rhodococcus opacus 1cp: evidence for a merged enzyme with 4-carboxymuconolactone-decarboxylating and 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing activity.	the catechol and protocatechuate branches of the 3-oxoadipate pathway, which are important for the bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds, converge at the common intermediate 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone. a 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme, purified from benzoate-grown cells of rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, was found to have a larger molecular mass under denaturing conditions than the corresponding enzymes previously purified from gamma-proteobacteria. sequencing of the n ...	1998	9495744
evolutionary relationship between chlorocatechol catabolic enzymes from rhodococcus opacus 1cp and their counterparts in proteobacteria: sequence divergence and functional convergence.	biochemical investigations of the muconate and chloromuconate cycloisomerases from the chlorophenol-utilizing strain rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp had previously indicated that the chlorocatechol catabolic pathway of this strain may have developed independently from the corresponding pathways of proteobacteria. to test this hypothesis, we cloned the chlorocatechol catabolic gene cluster of strain 1cp by using pcr with primers derived from sequences of n termini and peptides of purified c ...	1998	9495745
computation of the electrical double layer properties of semipermeable membranes in multicomponent electrolytes	a methodology is presented for calculating of the surface potential, donnan potential, and ion concentration profiles for semipermeable microbial membranes that is valid for an arbitrary electrolyte composition. this model for surface potential, donnan potential, and charge density was applied to recently reported experimental data for gram-positive bacteria, including bacillus brevis, rhodococcus opacus, rhodococcus erythropolis, and corynebacterium species. these calculations show that previou ...	1998	9603855
the terminal structures of linear plasmids from rhodococcus opacus.	the telomers of several linear plasmids of rhodococcus opacus (formerly nocardia opaca) were studied. the plasmids phg201, phg204 and phg205 carry proteins bound to their ends, as shown by gel retardation experiments. a sequence hybridizing with the terminal sequence of phg207, a recombinant linear plasmid consisting of the left part of phg204 and the right part of phg205, which was analysed in a previous study by the authors, could be detected in all linear plasmids of the wild-type r. opacus s ...	1998	9611802
characterization of the maleylacetate reductase maca of rhodococcus opacus 1cp and evidence for the presence of an isofunctional enzyme.	maleylacetate reductases (ec 1.3.1.32) have been shown to contribute not only to the bacterial catabolism of some usual aromatic compounds like quinol or resorcinol but also to the degradation of aromatic compounds carrying unusual substituents, such as halogen atoms or nitro groups. genes coding for maleylacetate reductases so far have been analyzed mainly in chloroaromatic compound-utilizing proteobacteria, in which they were found to belong to specialized gene clusters for the turnover of chl ...	1998	9657989
immunomodulatory properties of nocardia lysozyme digest (nld) in complement normal and c5-deficient mice.	the constantly increasing number of substances with adjuvant activity outpaces the elucidation of their mode of action. this problem is of great importance as the immunomodulatory action of an adjuvant is time- and route-dependent, which implies that administration at a different moment or site may result in a reduced immune response. in the present work the possibility to achieve dual effect (stimulatory or inhibitory) is regarded in the light of the complement system. the object of the study i ...	1998	9682384
microcosm enrichment of biphenyl-degrading microbial communities from soils and sediments.	a microcosm enrichment approach was employed to isolate bacteria which are representative of long-term biphenyl-adapted microbial communities. growth of microorganisms was stimulated by incubating soil and sediment samples from polluted and nonpolluted sites with biphenyl crystals. after 6 months, stable population densities between 8 x 10(9) and 2 x 10(11) cfu/ml were established in the microcosms, and a large percentage of the organisms were able to grow on biphenyl-containing minimal medium p ...	1998	9687466
location, catalytic activity, and subunit composition of nad-reducing hydrogenases of some alcaligenes strains and rhodococcus opacus mr22	six new strains of alcaligenes enriched for and isolated as nickel-resistant bacteria resemble alcaligenes eutrophus h16 and contain both an nad-reducing, tetrameric soluble hydrogenase and a membrane-bound hydrogenase. none of the soluble hydrogenases share with the rhodococcus opacus mr11 enzyme tetramer the property of being cleaved easily into two dimeric moieties [a hydrogenase (betadelta) and an nadh:acceptor oxidoreductase (alphagamma)], in the absence of nickel or at low ionic strength. ...	1997	9042758
acetylene degradation by new isolates of aerobic bacteria and comparison of acetylene hydratase enzymes.	aerobic acetylene-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil samples. two isolates were assigned to the species rhodococcus opacus, two others to rhodococcus ruber and gordona sp. they were compared with known strains of aerobic acetylene-, cyanide-, or nitrile-utilizing bacteria. the acetylene hydratases of r opacus could be measured in cell-free extracts only in the presence of a strong reductant like titanium(iii) citrate. expression of these enzymes was molybdenum-dependent. acetylene hydrat ...	1997	9084145
location, catalytic activity, and subunit composition of nad-reducing hydrogenases of some alcaligenes strains and rhodococcus opacus mr22.	six new strains of alcaligenes enriched for and isolated as nickel-resistant bacteria resemble alcaligenes eutrophus h16 and contain both an nad-reducing, tetrameric soluble hydrogenase and a membrane-bound hydrogenase. none of the soluble hydrogenases share with the rhodococcus opacus mr11 enzyme tetramer the property of being cleaved easily into two dimeric moieties [a hydrogenase (betadelta) and an nadh:acceptor oxidoreductase (alphagamma)], in the absence of nickel or at low ionic strength. ...	1997	9133325
genes encoding the nad-reducing hydrogenase of rhodococcus opacus mr11.	the dissociation of the soluble nad-reducing hydrogenase of rhodococcus opacus mr11 into two dimeric proteins with different catalytic activities and cofactor composition is unique among the nad-reducing hydrogenases studied so far. the genes of the soluble hydrogenase were localized on a 7.4 kbp asnl fragment of the linear plasmid phg201 via heterologous hybridization. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this fragment revealed the seven open reading frames orf1, hoxf, -u, -y, -h, -w and orf7 ...	1997	9141690
[jomol--immunostimulation and rejection of tumor cells?].	jomol contains cell wall fragments of the bacterium nocardia opaca composed of 40% oligopeptides, 40% lipids, 10-15% polysaccharides, and 5-10% peptidoglycans. technetium labeled--jomo tech--and indium-labeled--jomo in--preparations are used for diagnosing cancer. jomol is promoted to cure any cancer, except non-hodgkin lymphoma and ovarian cancer. it is claimed that jomol has no side effects, however chills and high fever have been observed. following initial intensive therapy with daily inject ...	1997	9312814
occurrence and specificity of human natural and in vitro induced antibodies to nocardia opaca antigens.	nocardia opaca, a gram-positive bacterium, is a potent source of immunostimulatory substances. screening of sera of adult human donors revealed that all sera tested contained antibodies reactive with isolated nocardia fractions (nocardia delipidated cell mitogen, ndcm; nocardia lysozyme digest, nld; nocardia water-soluble mitogen, nwsm; and fraction b). the respective values of reciprocal titres for igm and igg were in the range of 100 to 12,800, and 10 to 320 for iga antibody isotypes, when nld ...	1996	9089009
simultaneous utilization of pyridine and fructose by rhodococcus opacus ufz b 408 without an external nitrogen source.	a bacterium classified as rhodococcus opacus, which is able to use pyridine (a potentially growth-inhibiting substrate) as its sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen, was isolated. in a carbon-limited chemostat culture, the kinetics was determined for growth on both pyridine and a mixture of pyridine and fructose (9 mm/22.15 mm). with growth on pyridine, stable steady states were achieved up to dilution rates of about 0.1 h-1. a further increase in the dilution rate resulted in the progressi ...	1996	8920194
macrophage nitric oxide synthase (nos) activation by nocardia opaca fractions and 15- and 56-kd isolated antigens.	the gram-positive bacterium, nocardia opaca, is a source of substances with adjuvant effect, ability to stimulate macrophages and natural killer cells for enhanced cytotoxity and cytokine production and b lymphocytes for polyclonal immunoglobulin secretion. we determined the immunogenicity of isolated n. opaca fractions and prepared moabs against immunogenic water-soluble mitogen (nwsm). two main proteins of molecular mass 15 and 56 kd were detected in western blot analysis and isolated by affin ...	1996	8625511
formation of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions by rhodococcus opacus strain pd630.	an oleaginous hydrocarbon-degrading rhodococcus opacus strain (pd630) was isolated from a soil sample. the cells were able to grow on a variety of substrates and to produce large amounts of three different types of intracellular inclusions during growth on alkanes, phenylalkanes, or non-hydrocarbon substrates. electron microscopy revealed large numbers of electron-transparent inclusions with a sphere-like structure. in addition, electron-dense inclusions representing polyphosphate and electron-t ...	1996	8661931
expression of tnf-alpha in pig fetal cells stimulated in vitro.	macrophages and lymphocytes of pig fetuses stimulated in vitro with bacterial mitogens such as lipopolysaccharide and nocardia opaca delipidated cell mitogen showed a high tnf-alpha cytoplasmic expression. tnf-alpha was detected by immunofluorescence in peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphocytes from the thymic region as early as at 34 d of gestation. macrophages were the main producers of tnf-alpha at later developmental stages.	1995	8763156
flow cytometric study of the epirubicine accumulation modulation in the human erythrocytes by a nocardia opaca fraction.	the effect of the "nocardia lysozyme digest" (nld) obtained from nocardia opaca on the epirubicine accumulation in erythrocytes was studied by flow cytometry. it was shown that the number of fluorescent cells increased under the nld action due to the increased membrane permeability for epirubicine. an opposite effect was also recorded consisting in the decrease of the relative fluorescence intensity per cell. this effect was attributed to the fluorescence quenching by the oxygen metabolites prod ...	1995	8993113
modulating the expression of some biological membrane glycoconjugates by a nocardia opaca fraction.	by some hemagglutination (ha) studies it was proved that nld (the lysozyme digest fraction of nocardia opaca) interacts with the sendai virus envelope glycoproteic receptors, but not with those of the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus. very likely the inhibition is due to the presence of some gal lectins in nld: the erythrocytes agglutinability (by the sendai virus and by the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus is enhanced by their incubation with galactose.	1995	8993122
molecular biological analysis of a bidirectional hydrogenase from cyanobacteria.	an 8.9-kb segment with hydrogenase genes from the cyanobacterium anabaena variabilis has been cloned and sequenced. the sequences show homology to the methyl-viologen-reducing hydrogenases from archaebacteria and, even more striking, to the nad(+)-reducing enzymes from alcaligenes eutrophus and nocardia opaca as well as to the nadp(+)-dependent protein from desulfovibrio fructosovorans. the cluster from a. variabilis contains genes coding for both the hydrogenase heterodimer (hoxh and hoxy) and ...	1995	7588754
utilization of halogenated benzenes, phenols, and benzoates by rhodococcus opacus gm-14.	strain gm-14 was isolated by selective enrichment from contaminated soil with chlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. it utilizes an exceptionally wide spectrum of haloaromatic substrates. it is a gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycete, with a morphological cycle from cocci and short rods to long rods and branched filaments; it grew optimally at 28(deg)c; and it tolerated 5% nacl in rich medium. the chemotaxonomic characteristics, the diagnostic biochemical tests, the whole- ...	1995	16535177
depression of cytochrome p-450 in mouse liver induced by fractions from nocardia opaca.	we measured the liver cytochrome p-450 content of mice 24 h after they had been injected with the following immunoadjuvants: nocardia opaca derivatives and peptidoglycans from several bacterial strains. the cell wall fraction was not active, the others diminished liver cytochrome p-450 levels. the dose-response activity varied with the bacterial origin of the peptidoglycans. these findings indicate that the toxicity and efficiency of immunochemotherapeutic protocols can be modified by altering d ...	1994	7868300
immunomodulation by bacterial fractions.	the cells of nocardia opaca are a source of potent immunostimulating substances, differing in solubility and in the presence or absence of peptidoglycan. three classes of n. opaca fractions have been investigated: (1) ndcm (nocardia delipidated cell mitogen), the starting fraction; (2) pg (peptidoglycan)-containing fractions: cw (cell walls), pg, and fractions containing soluble pg derivatives such as nwsm (nocardia water soluble mitogen) and nspd (nocardia soluble peptidoglycan derivative); and ...	1994	7927995
antitumoral activity of an immunomodulatory fraction of nocardia opaca: mechanism of action.	immunomodulatory substances have been used as antineoplastic agents in experimental and human systems. many of these agents were derived from microorganisms. several biologically active fractions have been isolated from nocardia. these derivatives were shown to induce interferon production, to activate natural killer cells and macrophages and to exert an antitumoral effect. we attempted to examine the mechanism of the antitumoral activity of the nocardia water-soluble mitogen (nwsm). the tumor t ...	1994	7927996