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perfluoroalkyl acids in the canadian environment: multi-media assessment of current status and trends.in canada, perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) have been the focus of several monitoring programs and research and surveillance studies. here, we integrate recent data and perform a multi-media assessment to examine the current status and ongoing trends of pfaas in canada. concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), and other long-chain perfluorocarboxylates (pfcas) in air, water, sediment, fish, and birds across canada are generally related to urbanization, with elev ...201323831544
effects of invasive european fire ants (myrmica rubra) on herring gull (larus argentatus) reproduction.various invasive ant species have negatively affected reproductive success in birds by disrupting nest site selection, incubation patterns, food supply, and by direct predation on nestlings. impacts can be particularly severe when non-native ants colonize seabird nesting islands where thousands of birds may nest in high densities on the ground or in burrows or crevices. here we report on the first documented effects of myrmica rubra, the european fire ant, on the reproduction of birds in its non ...201323691168
identification and characterization of a novel adenovirus in the cloacal bursa of gulls.several viruses of the family of adenoviridae are associated with disease in birds. here we report the detection of a novel adenovirus in the cloacal bursa of herring gulls (larus argentatus) and lesser black-backed gulls (larus fuscus) that were found dead in the netherlands in 2001. histopathological analysis of the cloacal bursa revealed cytomegaly and karyomegaly with basophilic intranuclear inclusions typical for adenovirus infection. the presence of an adenovirus was confirmed by electron ...201323507452
high levels of perfluoroalkyl acids in eggs and embryo livers of great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) and herring gull (larus argentatus) from lake vänern, sweden.in the eggs and developing chick livers in the two wild bird species, great cormorant and herring gull, the concentrations of a range of 15 perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) were determined. eggs of the two species were collected from lake vänern, sweden, and analysed either as undeveloped egg (whole egg or separated into yolk and albumen) or incubated until start of the hatching process when the chick liver was removed and analysed. high levels of pfaas were found in all matrixes except albumen. the ...201323463275
tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene flame retardant undergoes photolytic debromination.highly brominated flame retardant compounds have relatively low bioavailability, but some of these compounds have been shown to be of environmental concern. tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene (tdbdpb) contains 14 bromine atoms and is the major component of commercial flame retardant mixtures such as the recently phased out saytex 120. the chemical stability of tdbdpb has not been reported. we demonstrated that tdbdpb can photolytically undergo stepwise reductive debromination that follows first-orde ...201323289781
immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the hudson-raritan estuary.previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western new york/new jersey harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. the present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycti ...201323212976
mercury trends in herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs from atlantic canada, 1972-2008: temporal change or dietary shift?mercury (hg) is a pervasive contaminant that can adversely affect predatory wildlife. bird eggs provide insights into breeding females' hg burdens, and are easily collected and archived. we present data on hg trends in herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs from five sites in atlantic canada from 1972 to 2008. we found a significant decrease in hg at manawagonish island, new brunswick and île du corossol, quebec, but after correcting hg for dietary shifts using stable isotopes (δ(15)n), these tren ...201323063997
effect of reduced food intake on toxicokinetics of halogenated organic contaminants in herring gull (larus argentatus) chicks.the aim of the present study was to investigate how contaminant exposure and reduced food intake affect tissue distribution and biotransformation of halogenated organic contaminants (hocs) in arctic seabirds using herring gull (larus argentatus) as a model species. herring gull chicks were exposed for 44 d to cod liver oil containing a typical mixture of contaminants. following exposure, food intake was reduced for a one-week period in a subgroup of the chicks. polyclorinated biphenyls, organoch ...201323060285
avian thyroid development in chemically contaminated environments: is there evidence of alterations in thyroid function and development?poor reproductive success, developmental abnormalities, and behavioral alterations in fish-eating birds in some great lakes areas have led to more than 35 years of toxicological studies and residue monitoring of herring gull (larus argentatus) populations. polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (phahs), especially polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), are widespread contaminants in the great lakes ecosystem. the introduction of regulations and elimination of point sources since the 1970s have resulte ...201312492413
the sound of danger: threat sensitivity to predator vocalizations, alarm calls, and novelty in gulls.the threat sensitivity hypothesis predicts that organisms will evaluate the relative danger of and respond differentially to varying degrees of predation threat. doing so allows potential prey to balance the costs and benefits of anti-predator behaviors. threat sensitivity has undergone limited testing in the auditory modality, and the relative threat level of auditory cues from different sources is difficult to infer across populations when variables such as background risk and experience are n ...201324324780
development and validation of a herring gull embryo toxicokinetic model for pcbs.a toxicokinetic model was developed to describe polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) accumulation by herring gull (larus argentatus) embryos during development. the model consists of two components, a bioenergetics model that predicts the lipid mass balance of embryo and yolk compartments with time and an empirical toxicokinetic model that describes pcb partitioning between lipid compartments in the egg. the model was calibrated using data on pcb and lipid partitioning between embryo and yolk + albume ...201312739857
mercury and methylmercury in liver tissue from ringed herring gulls collected in three danish localities.in connection with a large scale reduction of herring gulls population, 119 ringed herring gulls were collected from hirsholmene (oresund), and christiansø (baltic sea) in the spring of 1975 and 1976. the gulls had been ringed at the respective localities where they were later killed. an average of 0.65 mg hg/kg liver (wet weight) was found with considerable differences between the three localities.20136889131
mass spectral confirmation and analysis by the hall detector of mirex and photomirex in herring gulls from lake ontario. 2013826557
[seasonal dynamics of the trematodes fauna in herring gull (larus argentatus pontopp.) of kola bay].trematode fauna of the herring gulls from kola bay (barents sea) was investigated in march, may, june, and september 2005. the data on the trematode species composition and indices of the invasion of gulls with trematodes are given for each season. it was established, that trematode species composition is increased from spring to summer, and intensity of the gulls' invasion with some trematode species is increased from summer to autumn. ecological factors causing seasonal differences of the trem ...201221061591
newly discovered methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzenes have been contaminants in the great lakes herring gull eggs for thirty years.we recently reported the discovery and identification of novel methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzenes (meo-pbdpbs) in herring gulls eggs from the laurentian great lakes of north america. we presently investigated the temporal changes (1982-2010) in meo-pbdpb concentrations and congener patterns, as well as chemical tracers of diet (ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes), in egg pool homogenates from five selected colony sites across the great lakes. egg pool homogenates from the c ...201222889009
hybridization among arctic white-headed gulls (larus spp.) obscures the genetic legacy of the pleistocene.we studied the influence of glacial oscillations on the genetic structure of seven species of white-headed gull that breed at high latitudes (larus argentatus, l. canus, l. glaucescens, l. glaucoides, l. hyperboreus, l. schistisagus, and l. thayeri). we evaluated localities hypothesized as ice-free areas or glacial refugia in other arctic vertebrates using molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region, and six nuclear introns for 32 populations across the h ...201222833800
comment on "novel methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzene congeners and possible sources in herring gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes of north america". 201222356130
comparative tissue and body compartment accumulation and maternal transfer to eggs of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylates in great lakes herring gulls.the comparative accumulation of c(4)-c(15) perfluorinated sulfonates (pfsas) and carboxylates (pfcas), and several precursors (e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonamide, n-methyl-fosa, and fluorotelomer unsaturated acids and alcohols) was examined in tissues (liver, brain, muscle, and adipose), plasma/red blood cells (rbcs) and whole egg clutches (yolk and albumen) of female herring gulls collected in 2010 from chantry island, lake huron of the laurentian great lakes. highest mean ∑pfsa concentrations w ...201222243845
determination of non-halogenated, chlorinated and brominated organophosphate flame retardants in herring gull eggs based on liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.numerous triester organophosphate flame retardants (opfrs) have been used for several decades and continue to be used in a variety of commercial products. we developed a sensitive quantitative method for the analysis of, seven non-halogenated, three chlorinated and two brominated opfrs of known or possible environmental relevance in herring gull eggs. this method is based on a simple two-step sample extraction followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry. ...201222186491
flame retardants in eggs of american kestrels and european starlings from southern lake ontario region (north america).while a number of studies have extensively investigated flame retardant (fr) contamination in aquatic ecosystems from the laurentian great lakes basin, there remains a dearth of information for terrestrial ecosystems. in the current study, american kestrels (falco sparverius) (amke) and european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) (eust) that are terrestrial ecosystem consumers, and from the southern lake ontario regions, were investigated as potential terrestrial bio-monitoring species. egg homogenate ...201222930373
[morpho-functional changes of cloacal bursa of the herring gull in experimental infection with gull tapeworm].using the methods of light microscopy, the quantitative changes in the cells of the cloacal bursa of herring gull (larus argentatus mongolicus) chicks were studied during experimental infection with gull-tapeworm diphyllobothrium dendriticum. the area of the follicles within the bursa and the number of eosinophils in the infected chicks were found to increase. in the follicles the number of blast cells and large lymphocytes was elevated. the reduction of small lymphocytes and plasma cells number ...201222724332
toxicological investigations of pollutant-related effects in great lakes gulls.reproductive failure of a number of fish-eating birds was observed on the great lakes in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s. the herring gull (larus argentatus) has been used as the primary monitoring species. the low hatching success observed in this species on lake ontario in the mid-1970s was due to loss of eggs and failure of eggs to hatch. egg exchange experiments demonstrated that this was due both to the incubation behavior of adults and to direct embryotoxic effects. decrease of nest attentivene ...20123297661
functional metagenomics reveals previously unrecognized diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in gulls.wildlife may facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance (ar) between human-dominated habitats and the surrounding environment. here, we use functional metagenomics to survey the diversity and genomic context of ar genes in gulls. using this approach, we found a variety of ar genes not previously detected in gulls and wildlife, including class a and c β-lactamases as well as six tetracycline resistance gene types. an analysis of the flanking sequences indicates that most of these genes are pr ...201122347872
pilot study of antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli in herring gulls (larus argentatus) and wastewater in the northeastern united states.wildlife may be an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. in this pilot study, the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli cultured from wild herring gull (larus argentatus) feces and human wastewater at cape cod, massachusetts, usa, was compared. antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using kirby-bauer disk diffusion with seven antimicrobial agents. a high proportion of antimicrobial agent-resistant e. coli isolates (59.2%) we ...201122946391
perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates and precursors in relation to dietary source tracers in the eggs of four species of gulls (larids) from breeding sites spanning atlantic to pacific canada.in the present study, we identified and examined the spatial trends, sources and dietary relationships of bioaccumulative perfluorinated sulfonate (pfsa; c(6), c(8), and c(10) chain lengths) and carboxylate (pfca; c(6) to c(15) chain lengths) contaminants, as well as precursor compounds including several perfluorinated sulfonamides, and fluorotelomer acids and alcohols, in individual eggs (collected in 2008) from four gull species [glaucous-winged (larus glaucescens), california (larus californi ...201121529948
the effects of dechlorane plus on toxicity and mrna expression in chicken embryos: a comparison of in vitro and in ovo approaches.dechlorane plus (dp) is an additive chlorinated flame retardant comprising two major isomers, syn- and anti-dp, that is used in a variety of commercial/industrial products. it has been detected in biotic and abiotic matrices including the eggs of herring gulls collected from the laurentian great lakes. however, data on potential toxicological and molecular responses to exposure are lacking, especially for avian species. a combined in vitro/in ovo approach was used to determine concentration-depe ...201121539933
effects of exposure to halogenated organic compounds combined with dietary restrictions on the antioxidant defense system in herring gull chicks.the herring gull (hg) (larus argentatus) is naturally exposed to halogenated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) through its diet. during periods of food scarcity, arctic seabirds experience lipid mobilization, allowing stored lipid soluble contaminants to re-enter the body circulation. in the present study, we investigated the effects of pcb exposure and fasting on the antioxidant defense system in hg chicks. forty newly hatched chicks were exposed to contaminated cod liv ...201121549412
sarcocystis sp. from the herring gull (larus argentatus) identity to sarcocystis wobeseri based on cyst morphology and dna results.having studied 11 herring gulls (larus argentatus) sarcocystis cysts were found in neck and leg muscles of 4 birds. one type of sarcocysts (cyst type i) that have a thin (∼1.0 μm), smooth, or slightly wavy cyst wall without clearly visible protrusions and small (6.0-8.0 μm) lancet- or banana-shaped cystozoites was identified by the light microscopy. sarcocysts extracted from one herring gull were used for electron microscopy and dna analysis. ultrastructurally, sarcocystis sp. from the herring g ...201121597959
retrospective analysis of mercury content in feathers of birds collected from the state of michigan (1895-2007).museum specimens were used to analyze temporal trends in feather mercury (hg) concentrations in birds collected from the state of michigan between the years 1895 and 2007. hg was measured in flank and secondary feathers from three species of birds that breed in the great lakes region; common terns (n = 32), great blue herons (n = 35), and herring gulls (n = 35). more than 90% of the hg in feathers should be organic, but some of the heron and gull feathers collected prior to 1936 showed evidence ...201121755350
Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends in mercury in Great Lakes Herring Gull eggs, 1974-2009.Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends of total mercury (Hg) were assessed in eggs of the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) over the period 1974-2009 at 15 sites in the Great Lakes: 2-3 sites per lake and one site in each of 3 connecting channels. Current (2009) concentrations ranged from 0.064-á++g/g (wet weight) at Chantry Island (Lake Huron) to 0.246-á++g/g at Middle Island (Lake Erie). There were significant inter-colony differences in mean Hg concentrations (2005-2009). Mercur ...201121833543
experimental inoculation of chickens with gull-derived low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h16n3 causes limited infection.the infectivity, transmission, and pathogenicity potential of avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype h16n3, isolated from the european herring gull (larus argentatus), was examined in chickens. nineteen 6-wk-old commercial lohmann white chickens were inoculated intranasally with 1 x 10(6) 50% egg infectious dose and clinical signs, humoral immune response, virus shedding, virus transmission, and pathologic changes in the respiratory tract were studied. oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected ...201122312991
effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mrna expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells.there is growing interest in assessing the neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting potential of perfluoroalkyl compounds (pfcs). several studies have reported in vitro and in vivo effects related to neuronal development, neural cell differentiation, prenatal and postnatal development and behavior. pfc exposure altered hormone levels and the expression of hormone-responsive genes in mammalian and aquatic species. this study is the first to assess the effects of pfcs on messenger rna (mrna) expression ...201121212296
environmental pollutants in the swedish marine ecosystem, with special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde).levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and perfluorinated organic compounds (pfcs) were analysed in whole herring (clupea harengus) and sprat (sprattus sprattus), eggs from common eider (somateria mollissima) and eggs and livers from herring gull (larus argentatus) from the swedish west coast. the contaminant values obtained were compared with published values from the arctic marin ...201121220151
hepatic antioxidant responses related to levels of pcbs and metals in chicks of three arctic seabird species.the efficiency of antioxidant defenses and relationship with body burden of metal and organic contaminants has not been previously investigated in arctic seabirds, neither in chicks nor in adults. the objective of this study was to compare such defenses in chicks from three species, black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), northern fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), and herring gull (larus argentatus), and the relationship with tissue concentrations of essential metals such as selenium and iron and ...201121377543
phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza viruses of h11 subtype isolated in kazakhstan.avian influenza viruses a/turkey/almaty/535/04 (h11n9) and a/herring gull/atyrau/2186/07 (h11n2) isolated in kazakhstan were characterized as low pathogenic in biological and genetic studies. putative glycosylation sites were identical to the putative sites in published h11, n2, and n9 isolates sequences. compared with published data no additional basic amino acid residues were found in the hemagglutinin (ha) cleavage site of these kazakhstan strains. phylogenetic analysis revealed a rare case o ...201121461588
hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers: microsomal degradation and patterns of hydroxylated metabolites.the degradation of the enantiomers of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) by phase i metabolism was investigated using induced rat liver microsomes. hbcd isomers were quantified using hplc-ms/ms (esi(-)) after separation on a combination of a reversed phase and a chiral analytical column. the degradation of all six isomers followed first-order kinetics and the estimated half-lives ranged from 6.3 min for both β-hbcd enantiomers to 32.3 min in case of (+)-γ-hbcd. (+)-α- and (-)-γ-hbcd dis ...201121473616
lysosomal and lipid-associated parameters in the livers of three species of arctic seabird chicks: species differences and relationships with contaminant levels.lysosomal membrane stability, lipofuscin (lf), malondialdehyde (mda), neutral lipid (nl) levels, as well as halogenated organic compounds (hocs), cr, cd, pb and fe concentrations were analyzed in liver of black-legged kittiwake (bk), herring gull (hg), and northern fulmar (nf) chicks. there were significant species differences in the levels of nl, lf and lysosomal membrane stability. these parameters were not associated with the respective hoc concentrations. lf accumulation was associated with ...201121724205
dechlorane plus and possible degradation products in white stork eggs from spain.the occurrence of the emerging chlorinated flame retardant dechlorane plus (dp) and three of its possible degradation products was investigated in white stork eggs from two colonies in spain. the average dp concentrations were 401 pg/g wet weight (w.w.) for the urban/industrial colony and 105 pg/g w.w. for the rural colony. one possible degradation product, anti-[dp-1cl], was found in approximately 10% of the samples. no significant stereoisomer enrichments were detected in any colony based on t ...201121529947
twenty years of temporal change in perfluoroalkyl sulfonate and carboxylate contaminants in herring gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes.in this study, temporal trends and patterns of major c(4) to c(15) chain length pfcas and pfsas and some sulfonamide, fluorotelomer acid and alcohol precursors were determined in herring gull (larus argentatus) egg pools. samples were analyzed from fifteen collection years including 1990 and all years from 1997 to 2010, and from seven colonies located throughout the great lakes, ranging from remote to highly urbanized areas. other than at the toronto harbour colony, the slopes of ∑pfsa concentra ...201122027947
novel methoxylated polybrominated diphenoxybenzene congeners and possible sources in herring gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes of north america.an increasing number of brominated flame retardants and other brominated substances are being reported in herring gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes basin. yet, in extracts from gulls' eggs, numerous bromide anion response peaks in electron capture negative ion (ecni) mass chromatograms remain unidentified. using archived herring gull egg homogenates, we characterize the structures of three major and three minor, new and unique brominated substances. after extensive cleanup and separation ...201121966880
trophic level determines levels of brominated flame-retardants in coastal herring gulls.liver concentrations of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (σpbdes: sum of brominated diphenyl ethers [bde]-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, and -209) ranged from 135 to 985 ngg(-1) lipid weight (lw) in coastal herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the marine hvaler archipelago (the glomma river estuary), norway. hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) concentrations ranged from 10 to 698 ngg(-1)lw. high range in δ(13)c indicates that gulls were subject to a diversity of carbon sources, likely refl ...201121762987
temporal trend (1988-2008) of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in herring gull eggs from the german coastal region.levels of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) were determined in pooled eggs from herring gulls (larus argentatus) sampled on three bird sanctuaries near the german north sea coast between 1988 and 2008 (mellum and trischen) and the german baltic sea coast between 1998 and 2008 (heuwiese) and archived by the german environmental specimen bank. pressurized fluid extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and lc-ms/ms using (13)c(12)-labelled isotope standards and a chiral column were appl ...201121216435
introgressive hybridization and the evolutionary history of the herring gull complex revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear dna.based on extensive mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence data, we previously showed that the model of speciation among species of herring gull (larus argentatus) complex was not that of a ring species, but most likely due more complex speciation scenario's. we also found that two species, herring gull and glaucous gull (l. hyperboreus) displayed an unexpected biphyletic distribution of their mtdna haplotypes. it was evident that mtdna sequence data alone were far from sufficient to obtain a more ac ...201021067625
high-sensitivity method for determination of tetrabromobisphenol-s and tetrabromobisphenol-a derivative flame retardants in great lakes herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry.tetrabromobisphenol-a-bis(2,3-dibromopylether) (tbbp-a-dbpe), tetrabromobisphenol-a-bis(allyl ether) (tbbp-a-ae), and tetrabromobisphenol-s-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (tbbp-s-dbpe) are derivatives of tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbp-a), and are all used as brominated flame retardants (bfrs). using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure photoionization (appi) in the negative mode (lc-appi(-)-q-tof-ms) and the novel use of pure ace ...201020964361
impact of changes in analytical techniques for the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on temporal trends in herring gull eggs.changes in analytical approaches during the tenure of monitoring programs for organochlorine (oc) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) may affect estimates of temporal trends. we used an in-house reference material to create multiplication factors to adjust the estimates of oc pesticides and pcbs (aroclor equivalents) in great lake herring gull eggs analyzed using electron capture detection (1987-1997) to be more equivalent to estimates using mass spectrometric detection (1998-2005) a ...201020821596
reconcilable differences: the use of reference material to reduce methodological artifacts in the reporting of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls.numerous long-term monitoring programs have assessed spatial and temporal trends of organochlorine (oc) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). changes in analytical approaches (e.g., gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection [gc-ecd] versus mass spectrometric detection [gc-msd]) can reveal artifacts in the reported concentrations. in-house reference material (rm) was used to determine the analytical artifacts in the measurement of ocs and pcbs in great lake herring gul ...201020821415
genotoxicity in herring gulls (larus argentatus) in sweden and iceland.adult and young herring gulls (larus argentatus) in sweden and iceland were investigated with respect to dna adducts, analysed with the nuclease-p1 version of the (32)p-postlabelling method, and micronucleated erythrocytes. three important aims were: (1) to estimate the degree of exposure to genotoxic environmental pollutants in the baltic sea area and iceland, (2) to evaluate the utility of the investigated biomarkers in birds, and (3) to investigate if there was any relationship between genoto ...201020643223
investigation of spatial trends and neurochemical impacts of mercury in herring gulls across the laurentian great lakes.herring gulls (larus argentatus) bioaccumulate mercury (hg) but it is unknown whether they are exposed at levels of neurological concern. here we studied brain tissues from gulls at five great lakes colonies and one non-great lakes colony during spring of 2001 and 2003. total brain hg concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 2.0 microg/g (dry weight) with a mean of 0.54 microg/g. gulls from scotch bonnet island, on the easternmost edge of the great lakes, had significantly higher brain hg than other c ...201020641170
linear and branched perfluorooctane sulfonate isomer patterns in herring gull eggs from colonial sites across the laurentian great lakes.linear and branched (six mono(trifluoromethyl) and four di(trifluoromethyl)) isomers of the bioaccumulative contaminant perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) were analyzed for and the spatial patterns examined in individual herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs (n = 13 per site) collected (in 2007) from 15 colonies across the laurentian great lakes of north america. linear pfos (n-perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (l-pfos)) consistently dominated the isomer pattern in all eggs, comprising between 95.0% and ...201020415439
assessment of blue mussel mytilus edulis fisheries and waterbird shellfish-predator management in the danish wadden sea.we assessed the blue mussel mytilus edulis fishery management scheme introduced in 1994 in the danish wadden sea that regulate fishing vessels, fishery quota, set-aside for mussel-eating birds and established zones closed to mussel fishery. the results showed (i) a reduction in the blue mussel biomass and mussel bed areas in zones closed to fishery, (ii) decrease in eiders somateria mollissima numbers and increase or stable numbers for oystercatcher haematopus ostralegus and herring gull larus a ...201021090002
[the reaction of the bursa and thymus eosinophils in the herring gull after the experimental infection with gull-tapeworm].using the methods of light microscopy, eosinophil topography, quantitative and qualitative changes (degranulation level of and a cationic protein content) were studied in the thymus and bursa of 36 herring gull nestlings larus argentatus mongolicus (suskin, 1925) 2 weeks after experimental infestation with gull-tapeworm diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitsch, 1824). eosinophils in the thymus were located in trabecules, mainly close to the blood vessels, thymic (hassall's) corpuscles and also direc ...201021500430
[isolation of influenza a virus from wild birds in western part of mongolia].to study circulation of influenza a viruses in western part of mongolia.201021381371
recombinant albumin and transthyretin transport proteins from two gull species and human: chlorinated and brominated contaminant binding and thyroid hormones.environmentally relevant concentrations of selected polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardant congeners and their hydroxylated (oh) and methoxylated (meo) analogues that can perturb thyroid hormone-dependent processes were comparatively examined with respect to competitive binding with thyroxine (t(4)) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)) thyroid hormones (ths) on recombinant human and gull albumin and transthyretin transport proteins. the liver tissue ...201020039755
twenty years of elemental analysis of marine biota within the german environmental specimen bank--a thorough look at the data.as one component of the german ecological environment observation, the environmental specimen bank program was initiated in the mid-1980s. under the program, representative specimens of marine, fresh water, and terrestrial ecosystems are sampled regularly and archived under chemically stable conditions. an initial characterization of the samples provides data regarding the status quo of the respective ecosystems. the aim of the present publication is to give insight into these real-time monitori ...201020058089
cross-species chromosome painting corroborates microchromosome fusion during karyotype evolution of birds.the stone curlew, also known as thick-knee (burhinus oedicnemus, boe), represents a phylogenetically young species of the shorebirds (charadriiformes) that exhibits one of the most atypical genome organizations known within the class of aves, due to an extremely low diploid number (2n = 42) and only 6 pairs of microchromosomes in its complement. this distinct deviation from the 'typical' avian karyotype is attributed to repeated fusions of ancestral microchromosomes. in order to compare differen ...201020068299
the identification of a new giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of g. duodenalis population biology in marine systems.giardia duodenalis is an intestinal parasite of many vertebrates. the presence of g. duodenalis in the marine environment due to anthropogenic and wildlife activity is well documented, including the contributions from untreated sewage and storm water, agricultural run-off and droppings from terrestrial animals. recently, studies have detected this protistan parasite in the faeces of marine vertebrates such as whales, dolphins, seals and shore birds. to explore the population biology of g. duoden ...201020361967
prevalence and subtypes of influenza a viruses in wild waterfowl in norway 2006-2007.the prevalence of influenza a virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 1529 ducks and 1213 gulls shot during ordinary hunting from august to december in two consecutive years, 2006 and 2007, in norway. the study was based on molecular screening of cloacal and tracheal swabs, using a pan-influenza a rt-pcr. samples found to be positive for influenza a virus were screened for the h5 subtype, using a h5 specific rt-pcr, and, if negative, further subt ...201020426812
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran is a more potent cytochrome p4501a inducer than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in herring gull hepatocyte cultures.concentration-dependent effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (pecdf), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (tcdf) on cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) induction were determined in primary cultures of embryonic herring gull (larus argentatus) hepatocytes exposed for 24 h. based on the concentration that induced 50% of the maximal response (ec50), the relative potencies of tcdd and tcdf did not differ by more than 3.5-fold. however, also based on the ec50 ...201020821667
antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli bacteria, including strains with genes encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and qnrs, in waterbirds on the baltic sea coast of poland.individual cloacal swabs of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and of herring gulls (larus argentatus), as well as samples of waterbird feces obtained in 2008 and 2009, were cultivated for escherichia coli. isolates of e. coli were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. moreover, the samples were subcultivated on macconkey agar (mca) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter(-1)) to detect e. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and subsequently on m ...201020952638
molecular characterization and comparison of clostridium botulinum type c avian strains.type c botulinum neurotoxin (bont/c)-producing clostridium botulinum causes animal botulism worldwide and has become a serious problem in poultry flocks and waterfowl in sweden. the objectives of the present study were to isolate, characterize and subtype c. botulinum type c avian isolates in order to increase the knowledge of the genetic diversity. isolates from 13 birds were identified by 16s rrna sequencing and bont/c gene detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). conventional p ...201021154062
polybrominated diphenyl ethers, toxaphenes, and other halogenated organic pollutants in great blue heron eggs.the great blue heron (ardea herodias) has been used as a bioindicator of the state of the st. lawrence river (québec, canada) since 1996. at 5-year intervals, selected breeding colonies along the river and its estuary are visited to estimate reproductive success and determine levels of contamination. brominated flame retardants are found in many ecosystems and are increasing in concentration in the great lakes, which is the source of much of the water for the st. lawrence river. in 2001 and 2002 ...201020821441
species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury.we injected doses of methylmercury into the air cells of eggs of 26 species of birds and examined the dose-response curves of embryo survival. for 23 species we had adequate data to calculate the median lethal concentration (lc(50)). based on the dose-response curves and lc(50)s, we ranked species according to their sensitivity to injected methylmercury. although the previously published embryotoxic threshold of mercury in game farm mallards (anas platyrhynchos) has been used as a default value ...200918421496
levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecanes in seabird eggs from north norway.the present study assessed temporal trends (1983-2003) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica), and black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla) in north norway. generally, pbde concentrations increased between 1983 and 1993 and then leveled out, although species-specific trends were reported. levels of alpha-hbcd increased in all species throughout the 20-year period. levels of ...200919102583
anatomopathological aspects of avian aspergillosis.aspergillosis is a fungal disease caused by fungi of the genus aspergillus, in particular a. fumigatus and a. flavus. this paper focuses on anatomopathological aspects resulting from a chronic infection from aspergillus spp in the chicken (gallus domesticus), in the herring gull (larus cachinnans micaelli) and in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa rufa). microscopically, we observed some histological lesions that are related to the two typical forms of aspergillosis: a deep nodular form, t ...200919189225
biochemical tracers reveal intra-specific differences in the food webs utilized by individual seabirds.food web structure regulates the pathways and flow rates of energy, nutrients, and contaminants to top predators. ecologically and physiologically meaningful biochemical tracers provide a means to characterize and quantify these transfers within food webs. in this study, changes in the ratios of stable n isotopes (e.g., delta(15)n), fatty acids (fa), and persistent contaminants were used to trace food web pathways utilized by herring gulls (larus argentatus) breeding along the shores of the st l ...200919219461
environmentally relevant concentrations of de-71 and hbcd alter eggshell thickness and reproductive success of american kestrels.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and total alpha-hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) are flame-retardant additives that are commonly used in household and commercial applications. pbde congeners, which are comprised of technical mixtures such as de-71, are globally persistent and their concentrations are increasing in many species. captive american kestrels (falco sparverius) were exposed by diet to vehicle (safflower oil), or one of two environmentally relevant concentrations of de-71 and unint ...200919368224
linear and branched perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers in technical product and environmental samples by in-port derivatization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is found globally as an environmental contaminant and is highly bioaccumulative in exposed biota including humans. however, there is a dearth of environmental information on the isomeric profile of pfos, especially in biological samples, which requires suitable analysis methods for the identification and quantification of ultratrace amounts. in the present study, a novel method was developed that incorporates clean up by solid-phase extraction (spe) wax cartridge ...200919402680
the relationship between perfluorinated chemical levels in the feathers and livers of birds from different trophic levels.although feathers have been used successfully for monitoring heavy metals and organic pollutants, there are currently no data available on the use of feathers as indicators of perfluorinated chemical (pfc) exposure in birds. also, no study has evaluated pfc levels in birds with different diets from different habitats. in the current study we investigated the pfc exposure of five different bird species from the same geographic region in belgium, using both feathers and liver tissue. the highest m ...200919716165
perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates and precursor compounds in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the laurentian great lakes of north america.environmentally important perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates, as well as per- and polyfluorinated precursor compounds including several sulfonamides, telomer acids, and alcohols were determined in individual herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs collected (in 2007) from 15 colonies located at canadian and some american sites across the laurentian great lakes of north america. the pattern of perfluorosulfonates (pfsas; c6, c8, c10 chain lengths) was dominated by pfos (> 90% of sigmapfsa co ...200919848159
mercury, lead and lead isotope ratios in the teeth of moose (alces alces) from isle royale, u.s. upper midwest, from 1952 to 2002.assessing the effect of recent reductions in atmospheric pollution on metal concentrations in wildlife in north america has been difficult because of the sparse availability of historical samples with which to establish a "pre-regulation" baseline, and because many ecosystems may be affected by local point sources which could obscure broader-scale trends. here we report a recent 50 yr annual record of hg, pb and pb isotope ratios in the teeth of a resident population of moose (alces alces) in is ...200920449224
filling the gap - coi barcode resolution in eastern palearctic birds.the palearctic region supports relatively few avian species, yet recent molecular studies have revealed that cryptic lineages likely still persist unrecognized. a broad survey of cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) sequences, or dna barcodes, can aid on this front by providing molecular diagnostics for species assignment. barcodes have already been extensively surveyed in the nearctic, which provides an interesting comparison to this region; faunal interchange between these regions has been very dynami ...200920003213
ultraviolet photopigment sensitivity and ocular media transmittance in gulls, with an evolutionary perspective.gulls (laridae excluding sternidae) appear to be the only shorebirds (charadriiformes) that have a short wavelength sensitive type 1 (sws1) cone pigment opsin tuned to ultraviolet (uv) instead of violet. however, the apparent uv-sensitivity has only been inferred indirectly, via the interpretation that the presence of cysteine at the key amino acid position 90 in the sws1 opsin confers uv sensitivity. unless the cornea and the lens efficiently transmit uv to the retina, gulls might in effect be ...200919308422
sources and prevalence of pentachlorobenzene in the environment.there are no longer any large scale uses of pentachlorobenzene (pecb). current emissions of pecb to the environment are estimated to be about 121000kgy(-1), based on published information. the largest sources appear to be combustion of solid wastes, 32000kgy(-1), biomass burning, 45000kgy(-1) with degradation of an agricultural fungicide, quintozene, contributing 26000kgy(-1) and industrial releases less important. pecb has been measured in many environmental media over the past 35 years. low bu ...200919298997
temporal trends and spatial distribution of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the eggs of colonial populations of great lakes herring gulls.the production and use of nonpolybrominated diphenyl ether (non-pbde), brominated flame retardant (bfr) alternatives have been on the rise, although their assessment in environmental samples is largely understudied. in the present study, several non-pbde bfrs were found in the egg pools of herring gulls (larus argentatus) from seven colonies in the five laurentian great lakes (collected in 1982 to 2006). of the 19 bfrs monitored, hexabromobenzene (hbb), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophe-noxy)ethane (btb ...200919238957
a nondestructive method for obtaining maternal dna from avian eggshells and its application to embryonic viability determination in herring gulls (larus argentatus).many avian studies, aimed at collecting samples for genetic analysis, rely upon invasive procedures involving the capture and handling of parents and their offspring. our goal was to develop a nondestructive method for sampling maternal dna that would not require blood collection from the mother. herein, we describe a method for isolating genomic dna from eggshell powder, obtained by filing the outer shell of an avian egg. comparison of microsatellite profiles, obtained from genomic dna found wi ...200921564561
isomers of dechlorane plus flame retardant in the eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the laurentian great lakes of north america: temporal changes and spatial distribution.dechlorane plus (dp) is a chlorinated flame retardant (fr) comprised of two major structural isomers, syn and anti. for the laurentian great lakes of north america, reports on dp have been limited to sediment and fish, not known for birds, and regardless temporal trends in great lakes wildlife is unknown. in the present study, syn- and anti-dp isomers were detected in egg pools spanning 1982-2006 of a great lakes biomonitoring species, the herring gull (larus argentatus), from seven colonies in ...200919108864
recombinant transthyretin purification and competitive binding with organohalogen compounds in two gull species (larus argentatus and larus hyperboreus).glaucous gulls (larus hyperboreus) from svalbard, norway (marine), and herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the laurentian great lakes (freshwater) of north america are differentially exposed to persistent and bioaccumulative anthropogenic contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardants and metabolic products. such compounds can potentially perturb hormone transport via binding interactions with proteins such as transthyretin (ttr ...200919033396
speciation with gene flow in the large white-headed gulls: does selection counterbalance introgression?we investigated the role of selection in generating and maintaining species distinctness in spite of ongoing gene flow, using two zones of secondary contact between large gull species in europe (larus argentatus and larus cachinnans) and north america (larus glaucescens and larus occidentalis). we used the pattern of neutral genetic differentiation at nine microsatellite loci (f(st)) as an indicator of expected changes under neutral processes and compared it with phenotypic differentiation (p(st ...200918813326
hybridization of glaucous gull (larus hyperboreus) and herring gull (larus argentatus) in iceland: mitochondrial and microsatellite data.large white-headed gulls provide an interesting group of birds for studies of hybridization. the group is composed of 20 species of recent origin, often with weak reproductive barriers. here we report the results from a study on the glaucous gull larus hyperboreus, an arctic species which has been breeding in iceland for centuries, and the herring gull larus argentatus which has a wide distribution in europe but colonized iceland in 1920s. previous studies, based on morphological variation indic ...200818508755
dramatic changes in the temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in herring gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes: 1982-2006.decabde is a current-use, commercial formulation of an additive, polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardant composed of > 97% 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromode (bde-209). of the 43 pbde congeners monitored, we report on the temporal trends (1982-2006) of quantifiable pbdes, and specifically bde-209, in pooled samples of herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs from seven colonies spanning the laurentian great lakes. bde-209 concentrations in 2006 egg pools ranged from 4.5 to 20 ng/g wet ...200818441798
detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in herring gull (larus argentatus) brains: effects on mrna expression in cultured neuronal cells.in recent years, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) have been detected at increasing levels in the environment due to their widespread use as flame retardants. pbdes can affect thyroid hormone homeostasis and the cholinergic neurotransmitter system. in this study, several pbde congeners were detected in whole brain samples and neuronal cells of herring gulls (larus argentatus). a herring gull neuronal cell culture method was used to determine the effects of pbdes on cytotoxicity and mrna exp ...200818983098
worm grunting, fiddling, and charming--humans unknowingly mimic a predator to harvest bait.for generations many families in and around florida's apalachicola national forest have supported themselves by collecting the large endemic earthworms (diplocardia mississippiensis). this is accomplished by vibrating a wooden stake driven into the soil, a practice called "worm grunting". in response to the vibrations, worms emerge to the surface where thousands can be gathered in a few hours. why do these earthworms suddenly exit their burrows in response to vibrations, exposing themselves to p ...200818852902
automatic recognition of harmonic bird sounds using a frequency track extraction algorithm.this paper demonstrates automatic recognition of vocalizations of four common bird species (herring gull [larus argentatus], blue jay [cyanocitta cristata], canada goose [branta canadensis], and american crow [corvus brachyrhynchos]) using an algorithm that extracts frequency track sets using track properties of importance and harmonic correlation. the main result is that a complex harmonic vocalization is rendered into a set of related tracks that is easily applied to statistical models of the ...200819045673
an evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites.birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health, and affecting the day to day site operation. a number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. we use a modeling approach in order to assess the effectiveness of nine techniques--pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a comb ...200818256779
health of herring gulls (larus argentatus) in relation to breeding location in the early 1990s. iii. effects on the bone tissue.health effects associated with the great lakes environment were assessed in adult herring gulls (larus argentatus) in the early 1990s, including the size and quality of their bones. femurs were excised from 140 individuals from 10 colonies distributed throughout the great lakes and 2 reference colonies in lake winnipeg (freshwater) and the bay of fundy (marine). femurs of gulls from the great lakes differed from the freshwater or marine reference for 9 of 12 variables of size, composition, and s ...200818800294
victims or vectors: a survey of marine vertebrate zoonoses from coastal waters of the northwest atlantic.surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in marine birds and mammals in the northwest atlantic revealed a diversity of zoonotic agents. we found amplicons to sequences from brucella spp., leptospira spp., giardia spp. and cryptosporidium spp. in both marine mammals and birds. avian influenza was detected in a harp seal and a herring gull. routine aerobic and anaerobic culture showed a broad range of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. of 1460 isolates, 797 were tested for resistance, and 468 w ...200818828560
molecular characterization of giardia intestinalis haplotypes in marine animals: variation and zoonotic potential.giardia intestinalis is a microbial eukaryotic parasite that causes diarrheal disease in humans and other vertebrates worldwide. the negative effect on quality of life and economics caused by g. intestinalis may be increased by its potential status as a zoonosis, or a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. the zoonotic potential of g. intestinalis has been implied for over 2 decades, with human-infecting genotypes (belonging to the 2 major subgroups, assemblages a and b) occurri ...200818828561
characterization of escherichia coli populations from gulls, landfill trash, and wastewater using ribotyping.due to their opportunistic and gregarious nature, gulls may be important reservoirs and vectors for anthropogenically derived fecal pathogens in coastal areas. we used ribotyping, a genotypic bacterial source tracking method, to compare populations of escherichia coli among herring gulls larus argentatus, great black-backed gulls l. marinus, wastewater, and landfill trash in new hampshire and maine, usa. concentrations of e. coli in gull feces varied widely among individuals, but were generally ...200818828562
key amino acids in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor predict dioxin sensitivity in avian species.dioxin-like compounds are toxic to most vertebrates, but significant differences in sensitivity exist among species. a recent study suggests that the amino acid residues corresponding to ile324 and ser380 in the chicken aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1) are important determinants of differential biochemical responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in chickens and common terns. here, we investigate whether the identity of these amino acid residues can predict embryonic sensitivity ...200818939598
identification of human enteric pathogens in gull feces at southwestern lake michigan bathing beaches.ring-billed (larus delawarensis ord, 1815) and herring (larus argentatus pontoppidan, 1763) gulls are predominant species of shorebirds in coastal areas. gulls contribute to the fecal indicator burden in beach sands, which, once transported to bathing waters, may result in water quality failures. the importance of these contamination sources must not be overlooked when considering the impact of poor bathing water quality on human health. this study examined the occurrence of human enteric pathog ...200819096455
levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury (hg) in seabird eggs from northern norway.the main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) in northern norway. eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. egg concentrations of pops (pcb congeners iupac numbers: cb-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, ...200818262696
influence of a contaminated fish diet on germline expanded-simple-tandem-repeat mutation frequency in mice.herring gulls (larus argentatus) in polluted areas on the north american great lakes were previously shown to have elevated germline mutation frequencies at minisatellite dna loci. airborne or dietary contaminants likely caused induced mutations, but the importance of each exposure type was unknown. follow-up experiments with lab mice determined that air pollution significantly induced germline mutations; however, an evaluation of mutations induced by the diet of herring gulls has not yet been c ...200818288721
vitellogenin, a biomarker for environmental estrogenic pollution, of reeves' pond turtles: analysis of similarity for its amino acid sequence and cognate mrna expression after exposure to estrogen.vitellogenin (vtg), a biomarker for environmental estrogenic pollution, can be detected in the bloodstream of oviparous animals before morphological and functional abnormalities appear due to exposure to environmental estrogens. reports observing vtg in turtles have been limited. we therefore cloned and sequenced a partial cdna of vtg in reeves' pond turtle, chinemys reevesii. the cloned cdna fragment possessed the start codon and 2,229 bp, encoding 743 amino acid residues. a sequence of deduced ...200818388421
[the role of marine amphipods in the life cycles of the cestode genus microsomacanthus at bering sea coast of chukchi peninsula. first results of the investigation].investigation of the helminth fauna was carried out in different amphipode species at bering sea coast of chukchi peninsula in july-september 2004. more than 3700 amphipode specimens of the following three species were examined: lagunogammarus setosus dementieva, 1931 (n = 2772 specimens) (gammaridae), eogammarus barbatus tzvetkova, 1965 (n = 471), and spinulogammarus subcarinatus (bate, 1862) (n = 509) (anisogammaridae). numerous metacestodes of four hymenolepidid species from the genus microso ...200818543804
[isolation of influenza virus a (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus), dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus), and newcastle's disease virus (paromyxoviridae, avulavirus) on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island in the north-western area of the caspian sea].the paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (laridae) is located. in the past several years, expansion of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. the investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza a virus (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus) subtype h13n1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of dhori vir ...200818590134
experimental infections of herring gulls (larus argentatus) with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses by intranasal inoculation of virus and ingestion of virus-infected chicken meat.the present study investigated the susceptibility of herring gulls (larus argentatus) exposed to two strains of asian lineage h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus by evenly separating six gulls into two groups and inoculating them intranasally with 10(6) median embryo infectious doses of either a/whooper swan/mongolia/244/05 (h5n1) or a/duck meat/anyang/avl-1/01 (h5n1). two additional gulls were fed 5.0 g meat from a specific pathogen free chicken that died after experimental infe ...200818622855
[serological monitoring of arbovirus infections in the estuary of the kuban river (the 2006-2007 data)].solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, neutralization test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test were used to study the sera from human beings (152 samples), agricultural animals (n = 77), hares (n = 3), and wild birds (n = 69), collected in 2006-2007 in the kuban river estuary (temryuk district, krasnodar territory). there were specific antibodies against viruses of west nile (wh), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) (flaviviridae, flavivirus), sindbis (togaviridae, alphavirus), the antigenic complex of ...200818756814
characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae isolated from mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans).mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans) were investigated as a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of cassette-borne resistance genes located in class 1 integrons. two hundred and fourteen isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were collected from cloacal swabs of 92 chicks captured in a natural reserve in the north east of italy. they showed high percentages of resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. high percentages of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol ...200818476779
[demonstration of the existence of a marine cycle in the strigeides: cardiocephalus longicollis szidat, 1928 (trematoda: strigeidae)].during their investigations on parasitism of fishes and birds in the lagoon of brusc (var), the authors have discovered the life cycle of cardiocephalus longicollis. cercariae of pharyngeate furcocercous type develop in sporocysts in the digestive gland of the marine prosobranch nassa corniculum. the cercaria is identified as cercaria nassae (dolgikh, 1965) from nassa reticulata in black sea; it closely resembles cercaria nassa (martin, 1945) from ilyanassa obsolseta (syn. nassa obsoleta) at woo ...20077458167
the chicken host peptides, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9 have antimicrobial activity against salmonella serovars.the gallinacin genes clustered on chromosome 3 of the chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) genome encode a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides characteristic of the beta-defensins. in this study, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9, all predicted to contain the conserved pattern of cysteines typical of beta-defensins but differing in their charge and hydrophobicity, were characterised for their in vivo gene expression patterns and in vitro antimicrobial activities against salmonella serovars. reverse-tra ...200717346671
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