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an elisa for sensitive and specific detection of circulating antigen of angiostrongylus vasorum in serum samples of naturally and experimentally infected dogs.canine angiostrongylosis is an emerging cardiopulmonary disease in europe which can be fatal if left untreated. we developed a sandwich-elisa based on a monoclonal antibody (mab av 56/1/2) and on polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed against angiostrongylus vasorum adult excretory/secretory - antigen for the detection of circulating serum antigen of a. vasorum. the sensitivity of the test was 95.7% (78.1-99.9, 95% ci) as determined with sera of 23 dogs naturally infected with a. vasorum. the spe ...201121333451
a coproantigen diagnostic test for strongyloides infection.accurate diagnosis of infection with the parasite strongyloides stercoralis is hampered by the low concentration of larvae in stool, rendering parasitological diagnosis insensitive. even if the more sensitive agar plate culture method is used repeated stool sampling is necessary to achieve satisfactory sensitivity. in this manuscript we describe the development of a coproantigen elisa for diagnosis of infection. polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised against strongyloides ratti excretory/secreto ...201121347447
rna and protein synthesis is required for ancylostoma caninum larval activation.the developmentally arrested infective larva of hookworms encounters a host-specific signal during invasion that initiates the resumption of suspended developmental pathways. the resumption of development during infection is analogous to recovery from the facultative arrested dauer stage in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding and secrete molecules important for infection when exposed to a host mimicking signa ...201121354706
an epidemiological study of intestinal parasites of dogs from yucatan, mexico, and their risk to public health.abstract the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and factors associated were studied in a rural community of yucatan (southern mexico), with special attention to those gastrointestinal parasites potentially transmitted to man. one hundred thirty dogs from 91 households were studied. fecal samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the mcmaster techniques. to determine factors associated with zoonotic parasites in dogs, univariate analysis was performed, using sex, age, and ...201121395413
slo-1-channels of parasitic nematodes reconstitute locomotor behaviour and emodepside sensitivity in caenorhabditis elegans slo-1 loss of function mutants.the calcium-gated potassium channel slo-1 in caenorhabditis elegans was recently identified as key component for action of emodepside, a new anthelmintic drug with broad spectrum activity. in this study we identified orthologues of slo-1 in ancylostoma caninum, cooperia oncophora, and haemonchus contortus, all important parasitic nematodes in veterinary medicine. furthermore, functional analyses of these slo-1 orthologues were performed using heterologous expression in c. elegans. we expressed a ...201121490955
gastrointestinal parasites and their prevalence in the arabian red fox (vulpes vulpes arabica) from the kingdom of saudi arabia.the gastrointestinal parasites and prevalence of infestation in the arabian red fox vulpes vulpes arabica thomas, were investigated at the king khalid wildlife research centre (kkwrc) in thumamah, riyadh province, saudi arabia. faecal samples were collected from 58 wild caught foxes while under anaesthesia and examined for gastrointestinal parasites stages. male and female foxes were infected with three major groups of parasites; cestodes, nematodes, protozoa as well as an acanthocephalan. faeca ...201121524855
prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminths in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia.faecal samples were collected from january 2010 through september 2010 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (gi) helminths infestation in dogs in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia. a total of 452 faecal samples (n=160 katete, n=292 lusaka) were examined by faecal flotation for the presence of helminth eggs and 82.5% of dogs were positive for gi helminths in katete compared to 76% for lusaka. positive results with the presence of at least one parasite corresponded to 72 ...201121612833
rnai effector diversity in nematodes.while rna interference (rnai) has been deployed to facilitate gene function studies in diverse helminths, parasitic nematodes appear variably susceptible. to test if this is due to inter-species differences in rnai effector complements, we performed a primary sequence similarity survey for orthologs of 77 caenorhabditis elegans rnai pathway proteins in 13 nematode species for which genomic or transcriptomic datasets were available, with all outputs subjected to domain-structure verification. our ...201121666793
efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (procox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against toxocara canis, uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum in dogs.the efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (pro-and between 4 and 655 worms for hookworms. the cox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against different studies demonstrated 100 % efficacy of emodepside/ species of gastrointestinal nematodes (toxocara toltrazuril suspension against mature adult, =94.7% canis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria steno-efficacy against immature adult and 99.3 % efficacy cephala) was evaluated in nine randomised, against the l4 larval stage of t. canis. the efficacy blinded a ...201121739370
generation of bioactive recombinant ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide c2.thrombus formation is a crucial factor in the precipitation of unstable angina or myocardial infarction. recently, several anticoagulant serine protease inhibitors have been identified from adult ancylostoma caninum hookworms. one of them, a. caninum anticoagulant peptide c2 (acapc2), can inhibit the activity of factor viia/tissue factor complex to exert its antithrombotic effect. however, it is difficult to adopt traditional expression and purification systems to yield high-purity recombinant a ...201121907287
hookworm scp/taps protein structure-a key to understanding host-parasite interactions and developing new interventions.scp/taps proteins are a diverse family of molecules in eukaryotes, including parasites. despite their abundant occurrence in parasite secretomes, very little is known about their functions in parasitic nematodes, including blood-feeding hookworms. current information indicates that scp/taps proteins (called ancylostoma-secreted proteins, asps) of the canine hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, represent at least three distinct groups of proteins. this information, combined with comparative modelling, ...201122120067
transgenic c. elegans dauer larvae expressing hookworm phospho null daf-16/foxo exit dauer.parasitic hookworms and the free-living model nematode caenorhabtidis elegans share a developmental arrested stage, called the dauer stage in c. elegans and the infective third-stage larva (l3) in hookworms. one of the key transcription factors that regulate entrance to and exit from developmental arrest is the forkhead transcription factor daf-16/foxo. during the dauer stage, daf-16 is activated and localized in the nucleus. daf-16 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation by the upstream kina ...201122016799
a history of hookworm vaccine development.the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale remain among the most common infections of humans in areas of rural poverty in the developing regions of the world, with an estimated 1 billion people infected with one or more of these parasites. herein, we review the nearly 100 years of research, development, animal testing, and fieldwork that have led to our current progress in recombinant hookworm vaccines. we begin with the identification of hookworm at the start of the 20th c ...201122064562
characterization of cathepsin b proteinase (accp-2) in eggs and larvae stages of hookworm ancylostoma caninum.cathepsin b proteinase constitutes a large multigenes family in parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. the localization of cathepsin b proteinases (accp-1 and accp-2) in adult worm of ancylostoma caninum has been characterized (harrop et al., 1995), but the localization and function in eggs and larval stages remained undiscovered. here we described the expressing of cathepsin b proteinase (accp-2) in escherichia coli, and immuno-localization of cathepsin b proteinase in eggs and larvae stages of ...201121925175
cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding 16 kda protein (ac16) from angiostrongylus cantonensis.angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. a novel gene (ac16) was isolated from a cdna library of a. cantonensis fourth-stage larvae. the putative 16-kda protein has 149 amino acids and is homologous to an immunodominant hypodermal antigen (iha16) from ancylostoma caninum (identities = 57%). in this paper, we cloned the gene and purified the recombinant ac16 (rac16) protein. real-time quantitative pcr revealed that ac16 was ...201122146998
Pharmacokinetics of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered in combination and separately per os to dogs.Holmstrom, S. D., Totten, M. L., Newhall, K. B., Qiao, M., Riggs, K. L. Pharmacokinetics of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered in combination and separately per os to dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01333.x. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were conducted to determine the potential PK interactions when spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MBO) are administered simultaneously. Investigations used commercial MBO tablets (C-MBO; Interceptor(®) Flavor Tabs, active ingred ...201121895692
Utility of capsule endoscopy for evaluating anthelmintic efficacy in fully conscious dogs.The current accepted standard for evaluating the efficacy of gastrointestinal anthelmintic drugs is necropsy of infected animals followed by a comparison of worm counts between treated and non-treated groups. In this study capsule endoscopy, a minimally invasive method of imaging the small intestine of humans, is evaluated as a possible alternative to necropsy for the purposes of worm quantification in dogs. Eighteen Beagle dogs were included in this study. These dogs were part of a separate tri ...201122075243
seroepidemiological survey of helminthic parasites of stray dogs in sari city, northern iran.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of helminthic parasites in stray dogs' population especially zoonotic infections and to identify potential risk factors in the different areas of sari city in caspian area, north of iran. during the period from april to september 2007, 50 stray dogs were collected from urban areas of sari city. recovered parasites were fixed in alcohol and stained by carmine then observed by microscope. the taxonomic study was carried out by measur ...201121916265
insights into the membrane interactions of the saposin-like proteins na-slp-1 and ac-slp-1 from human and dog hookworm.saposin-like proteins (saplips) from soil-transmitted helminths play pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions and have a high potential as targets for vaccination against parasitic diseases. we have identified two non-orthologous saplips from human and dog hookworm, na-slp-1 and ac-slp-1, and solved their three-dimensional crystal structures. both proteins share the property of membrane binding as monitored by liposome co-pelleting assays and monolayer adsorption. neither saplip displayed any ...201121991310
prevalence of selected zoonotic and vector-borne agents in dogs and cats in costa rica.to estimate the prevalence of enteric parasites and selected vector-borne agents of dogs and cats in san isidro de el general, costa rica, fecal and serum samples were collected from animals voluntarily undergoing sterilization. each fecal sample was examined for parasites by microscopic examination after fecal flotation and for giardia and cryptosporidium using an immunofluorescence assay (ifa). giardia and cryptosporidium ifa positive samples were genotyped after pcr amplification of specific ...201121846585
Confirmation of the efficacy of a combination tablet of spinosad and milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infections of canine intestinal nematode parasites.Four separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MO) administered orally in combination to dogs for the treatment and control of naturally acquired infections of adult whipworm (Trichuris vulpis), hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) and ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina). Dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment quantitative nematode egg counts of each species of interest to one of two treatment groups of 10 or 11 ...201122115944
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...201121899952
dose confirmation and non-interference evaluations of the oral efficacy of a combination of milbemycin oxime and spinosad against the dose limiting parasites, adult cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and hookworm (ancylostoma caninum), in dogs.two separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose and non-interference of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (mo) administered orally in combination or alone to dogs for the treatment and control of experimentally induced flea infestations (ctenocephalides felis) and adult hookworm infections (ancylostoma caninum). for each study, dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment adult flea and hookworm egg counts to one of four treatment groups of 10 animals each. in e ...201122226761
identification of an anticoagulant peptide that inhibits both fxia and fviia/tissue factor from the blood-feeding nematode ancylostoma caninum.factor viia-tissue factor complex (fviia/tf) and factor xia (fxia) play important roles in the initiation and amplification of coagulation, respectively. they may be good targets for the development of novel anticoagulants to treat and prevent thromboembolic disease. in this study, we cloned, expressed and identified a novel anticoagulant peptide, acanap10, from the blood-feeding nematode ancylostoma caninum. acanap10 showed potent anticoagulant activity and doubled the activated partial thrombo ...201020059979
molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and partial protective immunity of the heme-binding glutathione s-transferases from the human hookworm necator americanus.hookworm glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are critical for parasite blood feeding and survival and represent potential targets for vaccination. three cdnas, each encoding a full-length gst protein from the human hookworm necator americanus (and designated na-gst-1, na-gst-2, and na-gst-3, respectively) were isolated from cdna based on their sequence similarity to ac-gst-1, a gst from the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum. the open reading frames of the three n. americanus gsts each contain 206 a ...201020145100
intestinal parasites of dogs on the galapagos islands.dogs on the galapagos islands are a unique population created by isolation from the mainland and regulations prohibiting further importation. the effect of infectious agents of these domestic dogs on the indigenous fauna is largely unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs on the galapagos islands. fecal samples were collected from 97 dogs presented during neutering campaigns on santa cruz (n=51), san cristobal (n=17), and isabela (n=29) i ...201020176441
hookworms of dogs and cats as agents of cutaneous larva migrans.dogs and cats are hosts to hookworms that may cause zoonotic disease, most notably, cutaneous larva migrans. ancylostoma braziliense is most often implicated in dermatological lesions, and ancylostoma caninum has been associated with eosinophilic enteritis and suggested as a possible cause of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in humans. other manifestations include eosinophilic pneumonitis, localized myositis, folliculitis, erythema multiforme, or ophthalmological manifestations. ancylo ...201020189454
a faecal analysis of helminth infections in wild and captive wolves, canis lupus l., in poland.one hundred and three samples of faeces of reared grey wolves from four locations (stobnica park and zoological gardens in bydgoszcz, wrocław and cracow) and twenty-six samples of faeces from two free-roaming packs of grey wolf (canis lupus l.) in piła (forest divisions: borne sulinowo, czarnobór, jastrowo) and zielona góra (forest divisions: torzym, krosno odrzańskie) were collected between 2005 and 2007. helminth eggs were detected in 78.6% of faecal samples of reared grey wolves and in 88.4% ...201020236557
drug target prediction and prioritization: using orthology to predict essentiality in parasite genomes.new drug targets are urgently needed for parasites of socio-economic importance. genes that are essential for parasite survival are highly desirable targets, but information on these genes is lacking, as gene knockouts or knockdowns are difficult to perform in many species of parasites. we examined the applicability of large-scale essentiality information from four model eukaryotes, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, mus musculus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, to discover essential ...201020361874
characterizing ancylostoma caninum transcriptome and exploring nematode parasitic adaptation.hookworm infection is one of the most important neglected diseases in developing countries, with approximately 1 billion people infected worldwide. to better understand hookworm biology and nematode parasitism, the present study generated a near complete transcriptome of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum to a very high coverage using high throughput technology, and compared it to those of the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans and the parasite brugia malayi.201020470405
massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the necator americanus transcriptome.the blood-feeding hookworm necator americanus infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. in order to elucidate fundamental molecular biological aspects of this hookworm, the transcriptome of the adult stage of necator americanus was explored using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses.201020485481
gastrointestinal and ectoparasites from urban stray dogs in fortaleza (brazil): high infection risk for humans?dogs are important definite or reservoir hosts for zoonotic parasites. however, only few studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in urban areas in brazil are available. we performed a comprehensive study on parasites of stray dogs in a brazilian metropolitan area. we included 46 stray dogs caught in the urban areas of fortaleza (northeast brazil). after euthanization, dogs were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs were examined for the presence of ...201020532563
activation of nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae is regulated by a pathway distinct from the hookworm ancylostoma caninum.developmentally arrested infective larvae of strongylid nematodes are activated to resume growth by host-derived cues encountered during invasion of the mammalian host. exposure of nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae to elevated temperature (37°c) is sufficient to activate signalling pathways which result in resumption of feeding and protein secretion. this occurs independently of exposure to serum or glutathione, in contrast to the hookworm ancylostoma caninum, and is not initiated by ...201020654619
protective effects of a bacterially expressed nif-kgf fusion protein against bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice.current evidence suggests that the keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte may play key roles in the development of lung fibrosis. here we describe the construction, expression, purification, and identification of a novel nif (neutrophil inhibitory factor)-kgf mutant fusion protein (nkm). the fusion gene was ligated via a flexible octapeptide hinge and expressed as an insoluble protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the fusion protein retained the activities of kgf ...201020705596
identification of hookworm daf-16/foxo response elements and direct gene targets.the infective stage of the parasitic nematode hookworm is developmentally arrested in the environment and needs to infect a specific host to complete its life cycle. the canine hookworm (ancylostoma caninum) is an excellent model for investigating human hookworm infections. the transcription factor of a. caninum, ac-daf-16, which has a characteristic fork head or "winged helix" dna binding domain (dbd), has been implicated in the resumption of hookworm development in the host. however, the preci ...201020808816
the prevalence and abundance of helminth parasites in stray dogs from the city of queretaro in central mexico.the prevalence of helminth species in stray dogs, from the capital city of the state of queretaro, was evaluated. a total of 378 dogs were captured and examined for the presence of helminths from january to december 2008. the results showed that 275 (72.8%) of examined dogs were infected with one or more helminth species. single infections were observed in 139 (50.5%) of infected dogs and 136 (49.5%) harboured mixed infections. out of the 378 dogs examined, 208 (55.2%) presented nematodes and 18 ...201020849669
principal intestinal parasites of dogs in tirana, albania.from 2004 to 2009, the digestive tracts of 111 dogs from suburban areas around tirana, albania, were examined for intestinal helminths. in addition, rectal faecal samples of all dogs were examined for protozoan infections and 48 faecal samples from dogs >6 months of age were processed with the baermann technique to test for the excretion of lungworm larvae. the heart and pulmonary arteries of 30 dogs >6 months of age also were examined for nematode parasites. the intestinal parasite fauna of the ...201020878182
efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs.the efficacy, safety and palatability of a new flavoured chewable anthelmintic tablet were investigated in dogs. the efficacy, based on worm counts, of a single recommended therapeutic dose (rtd) of 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel/kg bodyweight was assessed in experimental infections (ei) and natural infections (ni) with trichuris vulpis, echinococcus granulosus and toxocara canis. for t vulpis, the efficacy of the treatment was 99.3 per cent in ei (comparing groups of six trea ...201021257464
intestinal helminths induce haematological changes in dogs from jabalpur, india.the effect of canine intestinal helminths on the haematological profile of 200 dogs, of both sexes and variable age, visiting university veterinary clinics for routine examination was investigated. the dogs were assigned to parasitized (n = 39) and non-parasitized (n = 161) groups of animals. coprological examination revealed a 19.5% prevalence of different species of the helminths. of these animals, 10.25% had mixed infections with ancylostoma caninum, toxascaris spp. and dipylidium caninum. th ...201021110909
environmental monitoring and analysis of faecal contamination in an urban setting in the city of bari (apulia region, italy): health and hygiene implications.few studies have been conducted in italy to quantify the potential risk associated with dynamics and distribution of pathogens in urban settings. the aim of this study was to acquire data on the environmental faecal contamination in urban ecosystems, by assessing the presence of pathogens in public areas in the city of bari (apulia region, italy). to determine the degree of environmental contamination, samples of dog faeces and bird guano were collected from different areas in the city of bari ( ...201021139871
epidemiology of intestinal helminth parasites in stray dogs from markets in south-eastern nigeria.a survey of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs (canis familiaris) was conducted at obollo-afor and ekwulobia markets, in enugu and anambra states, south-eastern nigeria, respectively, to determine the patterns of infection among dogs in different parts of south-eastern nigeria. faecal samples collected, using long forceps, from every dog encountered in the markets between june 2007 and december 2008 were analysed by the kato-katz technique. out of 413 dogs examined in both markets ...201021144127
characterisation of hookworm heat shock factor binding protein (hsb-1) during heat shock and larval activation.when hookworm infective l3s infect their mammalian host, they undergo a temperature shift from that of the ambient environment to that of their endothermic host. additionally, l3s living in the environment can be exposed to temperature extremes associated with weather fluctuations. the heat shock response (hsr) is a conserved response to heat shock and other stress that involves the expression of protective heat shock proteins (hsps). the hsr is controlled by heat shock factor-1 (hsf-1), a conse ...201021172351
potential risk of zoonotic infections in recreational areas visited by sus scrofa and vulpes vulpes. case study--wolin island, poland.the relation between intestinal parasite prevalence in wild boars and red foxes and the sanitary condition of the soil in recreational estates were determined. the analysis was made based on 36 samples of boar faeces and 22 samples of fox faeces, collected in their habitat as well as 60 samples of soil from two recreational areas. two methods were used for faecal samples--flotation and direct faecal smear; and flotation in nano3 for soil samples examination. zoonotic nematode eggs were recovered ...201021174955
expression and characterization of aspartic protease gene in eggs and larvae stage of ancylostoma caninum.hookworm infection is still a public health problem in developing countries. aspartic protease plays an important role in parasite invasion and migration in the host. aspartic protease gene from ancylostoma caninum has been reported (biochem biophys res commun 227:294-302, 1996), but the activity of acasp in eggs and larvae stage has not been studied. this paper reported the cloning of acasp, expression in escherichia coli, and characterization in eggs and larval stage. the mrna encoding acasp w ...200919169710
the mitochondrial genomes of ancylostoma caninum and bunostomum phlebotomum--two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance.hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. these nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (particularly in children or young animals), resulting in impaired development and sometimes deaths. studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is central to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions, thus assisting in the control of hoo ...200919210793
comparison of passive fecal flotation run by veterinary students to zinc-sulfate centrifugation flotation run in a diagnostic parasitology laboratory.the sensitivity of fecal examination methods can be influenced by both technician error and methodology. in this analysis, we compared the results of 335 passive fecal flotation examinations performed on the feces of stray dogs by 3rd-yr veterinary students at the university of pennsylvania, school of veterinary medicine, to the results obtained through zinc-sulfate centrifugation performed by the diagnostic parasitology laboratory on the same fecal samples. the students' passive flotation resul ...200919284803
gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the island of st. pierre off the south coast of newfoundland.the present work was performed to survey the gastrointestinal parasites of domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and also to determine if any were infected with angiostrongylus vasorum (french heartworm), on the french island of st. pierre off the south coast of newfoundland. a total of 57 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. the overall prevalence of parasitism was 57.9% and the six species found were: uncinaria stenocephala/ancylostoma caninum (47.4%), toxocara ...200919303213
an enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection.hookworms digest hemoglobin from erythrocytes via a proteolytic cascade that begins with the aspartic protease, apr-1. ac-apr-1 from the dog hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, protects dogs against hookworm infection via antibodies that neutralize enzymatic activity and interrupt blood-feeding. toward developing a human hookworm vaccine, we expressed both wild-type (na-apr-1(wt)) and mutant (na-apr-1(mut)-mutagenesis of the catalytic aspartic acids) forms of na-apr-1 from the human hookworm, necator ...200919380510
[prevalence of intestinal canine and feline parasites in saitama prefecture, japan].we studied the prevalence of intestinal parasites in animal companions in saitama prefecture, japan, where no detailed data is currently available. between may 1999 and december 2007, fecal samples were collected from 906 dogs and 1,079 cats in public animal shelters and examined by microscopy. overall, prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs was 38.6% and cats 43.1%. trichuris vulpis was the most prevalent canine parasite species (22.3%), followed by toxocara canis (12.5%), ancylostoma canin ...200919522305
real-time pcr assays for monitoring benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations in ancylostoma caninum.frequent and broad application of anthelmintic drugs for treatment of intestinal parasite infection has led to drug resistance that often renders whole populations of livestock unresponsive to treatment. therefore, it is important to detect mutations associated with drug resistance before it becomes clinically manifest. to monitor developing drug resistance against benzimidazoles (bz), we developed real-time pcr assays and applied them to analyse the beta-tubulin isotype-1 gene of the hookworm a ...200919545525
dose-response assay templates for in vitro assessment of resistance to benzimidazole and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drugs in human hookworms.with the implementation of mass drug administration programs for the control of human hookworms, there is a need to monitor for the emergence of drug resistance. we have therefore examined in vitro assays for monitoring sensitivity to benzimidazoles (egg hatch assay) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drugs (motility and morphology assays), with a view to developing tools for monitoring drug sensitivity in the field. we have performed assays with necator americanus and ancylostoma ceyl ...200919556583
efficacy of emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (profender tablets for dogs) against mature and immature adult ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs.this paper reports the efficacy of a novel flavoured tablet formulation of emodepside plus praziquantel (profender tablets for dogs) against mature and immature adult hookworms (ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala) in dogs. the tablets were used at the minimum recommended dose of 1 mg emodepside and 5 mg praziquantel per kg body weight. four randomised, blinded and controlled laboratory studies demonstrated >95% efficacy against mature and immature adult stages of u. stenocephala and ...200919575220
field evaluation of the efficacy and safety of emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (profender tablets for dogs) against naturally acquired nematode and cestode infections in dogs.a controlled, blinded and randomised multicentre field study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new anthelmintic tablet formulation containing emodepside plus praziquantel (profender tablets for dogs) in the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode and cestode infections in dogs in france, germany, portugal and slovakia. dogs positive for nematodes and/or cestodes (demonstrated by faecal egg counts and/or the presence of proglottids) were treated with emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (n = ...200919575222
the putative cyclooctadepsipeptide receptor depsiphilin of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.the g-protein-coupled receptor hc110-r of haemonchus contortus and its orthologue in caenorhabditis elegans, the latrophilin-like protein 1 (lat-1), were shown to play a role in the mode of action of the new anthelmintic compound emodepside. c. elegans lat-1 knockout mutants showed a decreased paralysing effect of emodepside on the pharyngeal muscle. in the present study, the lat-1 orthologue in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum was identified and named depsiphilin. to obtain more informat ...200919575230
biological control of ancylostomosis in dogs using the nematode-trapping fungus monacrosporium thaumasium in southeastern brazil.parasitic nematodes ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma braziliense affect dogs and cats and have great medical and veterinary importance for their high prevalence, zoonotic potential, cosmopolitan characteristic and soil contamination by eggs and larvae. in order to evaluate the efficiency of the nematophagous fungus monacrosporium thaumasium (isolate nf34a) in the biological control of dog hookworm, 12 adult animals, average weight between 7 and 19 kg, were separated into groups and kept in 2 ...200919616382
male-enriched transcription of genes encoding asps and kunitz-type protease inhibitors in ancylostoma species.various transcripts coding for proteins considered to be central to parasite-host interactions were identified previously as male-enriched in the hookworm ancylostoma braziliense. among these genes were an asp-5-like homologue and a kunitz-type protease inhibitor. the present study extends this previous work to investigate similar molecules in other hookworms (ancylostomatidae). specifically, partial cdna sequences encoding three different asp molecules and two different kunitz-type protease inh ...200919646525
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...200919885329
prevalence of giardia intestinalis and other zoonotic intestinal parasites in private household dogs of the hachinohe area in aomori prefecture, japan in 1997, 2002 and 2007.an epidemiological study on canine intestinal parasites was undertaken to evaluate changes in the prevalence among private household dogs from the hachinohe region of aomori prefecture, japan, in 1997, 2002 and 2007, using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. the risk of zoonotic transmission from household dogs to humans was also discussed. all intestinal parasites detected in the present study (giardia intestinalis, isospora spp., toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris v ...200919934595
proteomics analysis of the excretory/secretory component of the blood-feeding stage of the hookworm, ancylostoma caninum.hookworms are blood-feeding intestinal parasites of mammalian hosts and are one of the major human ailments affecting approximately 600 million people worldwide. these parasites form an intimate association with the host and are able to avoid vigorous immune responses in many ways including skewing of the response phenotype to promote parasite survival and longevity. the primary interface between the parasite and the host is the excretory/secretory component, a complex mixture of proteins, carbo ...200918753127
investigations into the prevention of neonatal ancylostoma caninum infections in puppies by application of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% topical solution to the pregnant dog.the aim of the investigation was to examine whether a single topical administration of a combination of imidacloprid and moxidectin to pregnant dogs could prevent neonatal infections with reactivated ancylostoma caninum larvae. three pregnant beagles, infected with a. caninum, were treated topically with the combination on day 56 of pregnancy. three further dogs served as untreated controls. treatment appeared to prevent neonatal infections in the puppies completely. neither intestinal stages no ...200918793274
acetylcholine receptor subunit genes from ancylostoma caninum: altered transcription patterns associated with pyrantel resistance.the molecular mechanism of resistance to nicotinic agonist anthelmintics such as pyrantel and levamisole in nematodes of medical and veterinary significance is poorly understood. the identification of pyrantel-resistant isolates of the canine hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, provides an opportunity to explore, at a molecular level, the mechanism of cholinergic resistance in a species that is a model for the human hookworms. here we describe the cloning of three a. caninum genes orthologous to comp ...200918823982
molecular cloning and dna binding characterization of daf-16 orthologs from ancylostoma hookworms.infective hookworm l3s encounter a host-specific signal during infection that re-initiates a suspended developmental pathway, resulting in development to the adult stage. this resumption of development in the host is analogous to recovery of developmentally arrested caenorhabditis elegans dauer larvae in response to favorable environmental signals. dauer recovery in c. elegans dauers and hookworm l3s is mediated by insulin-like signaling (ils). a key output of ils in c. elegans is the forkhead t ...200918930062
exploring transcriptional conservation between ancylostoma caninum and haemonchus contortus by oligonucleotide microarray and bioinformatic analyses.in this study, we identified, using an established oligonucleotide microarray platform for the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, transcripts that are 'conserved' between serum-activated and non-activated l3s of ancylostoma caninum (al3 and l3, respectively) and h. contortus by cross-species hybridization (csh) at high stringency and conducted extensive bioinformatic analyses of the cross-hybridizing expressed sequence tags (ests). the microarray analysis revealed significant differential ...200918977290
therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in tnbs-induced colitis in mice.the hygiene hypothesis suggests an inverse relationship between the incidence of parasitic infections and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). we investigated the therapeutic potential of schistosoma mansoni and ancylostoma caninum soluble proteins on experimental colitis in mice.200919023900
investigation of the regulation of transcriptional changes in ancylostoma caninum larvae following serum activation, with a focus on the insulin-like signalling pathway.the exit from dauer in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans is under the control of a single amphidial neuron (asj) of the insulin-like signalling pathway. mutations of this pathway have the ability to suppress entry into the dauer stage. it has been postulated that insulin-like signalling plays a significant role in the response to serum stimulation in vitro of the third-stage larvae (l3s) of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. to test for the possible involvement of the insulin ...200919054616
anthelmintic activity of cyclotides: in vitro studies with canine and human hookworms.hookworm infection is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in countries of the tropics and subtropics, as well as being an important parasite in companion-animal medicine. the cyclotides are a novel family of cyclic cystine knot containing peptides from plants that have been shown to possess anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in the current study we demonstrated the in vitro effects ...200919059189
rnapc2 inhibits colorectal cancer in mice through tissue factor.recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rnapc2) is a specific inhibitor of tissue factor (tf)/factor viia complex with novel antithrombotic activity. tf is highly expressed in human colorectal tumors, and levels are positively correlated with disease progression.200919118048
immune recognition of the surface associated antigen, tc-saa-1, from infective larvae of teladorsagia circumcincta.a cdna encoding a surface-associated antigen was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from rna extracted from teladorsagia circumcincta exsheathed third stage larvae (xl3). the protein encoded by this cdna, tc-saa-1, displays 77% identity over 162 amino acid residues to a surface associated antigen from ancylostoma caninum (ac-saa-1). antiserum raised against a bacterially-expressed recombinant form of tc-saa-1 reacted with a native protein in somatic and surface ex ...200919121081
helminth parasites of the wolf canis lupus from latvia.thirty-four wolves were collected between 2003 and 2008 from throughout latvia and examined for helminths. a total of 17 helminth species were recorded: the trematode alaria alata (85.3%); the cestodes diphyllobothrium latum (2.9%), echinococcus granulosus (2.9%), echinococcus multilocularis (5.9%), mesocestoides lineatus (5.9%), taenia crassiceps (8.8%), taenia hydatigena (41.2%), taenia (ovis) krabbei (8.8%), taenia multiceps (47.1%), taenia pisiformis (20.6%), taenia polyacantha (11.8%), taen ...200919138449
[in vitro effect of medicinal scorpion on the larvae of ancylostoma caninum].five gram stool sample from dog infected with ancylostoma caninum was smeared on filter paper for routine cultivation under 35 degrees c with moist condition for 24 hours. hookworm larvae were separated and divided into 3 bottles through precipitation-washing method. traditional chinese medicine scorpion (2 ml), albendazole (10 mg) and normal saline (2 ml) (control) were added respectively into the 3 bottles, which were cultured for another 24 hours. the growth and development of the larvae were ...200819157307
recent research developments in the direct inhibition of coagulation proteinases--inhibitors of the initiation phase.physiologic clotting is a defensive action. the new cell-based model of hemostasis proposes three steps--initiation, amplification and propagation--occurring on specific cell surfaces to generate a thrombus in a tightly regulated manner. the initiation phase relies on key players including tissue factor (tf), factor viia (fviia), platelets, ca2+, phospholipids, and factor x/xa (fx/fxa). exposure of tf on sub-endothelial and other blood cells triggers a coagulation response, which may have to be ...200818855645
molecular cloning and characterization of ac-tmp-2, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase secreted by adult ancylostoma caninum.ac-tmp-2, an immunodominant hookworm antigen encoding a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (timp) was cloned by immunoscreening an ancylostoma caninum larval cdna library with sera pooled from dogs immunized with irradiated a. caninum third stage larvae (ir-l3). the open reading frame of ac-tmp-2 cdna encoded a 244 amino acids (predicted molecular weight of 27.7 kda), which shared a common n-terminus with other vertebrate and invertebrate timps, including ac-tmp-1, the most abundant adult hoo ...200818804124
[helminths of pampas fox, pseudalopex gymnocercus (fischer, 1814) and of crab-eating fox, cerdocyon thous (linnaeus, 1766) in the south of the state of rio grande do sul, brazil].forty wild canids were captured by live trap at municipalities of pedro osorio and pelotas in southern of the state of rio grande do sul and they were transported to the parasitology laboratory at the universidade federal de pelotas. after they were posted, segments of intestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts and liver were separated and examined. animal skulls were used for taxonomic identification. of forty wild animals trapped, 22 (55%) were pseudalopex gymnocercus and 22 (55%) cerdocyon th ...200818823576
cytosolic glutathione s-transferases of oesophagostomum dentatum.oesophagostomum dentatum stages were investigated for glutathione s-transferase (gst) expression at the protein and mrna levels. gst activity was detected in all stages (infectious and parasitic stages including third- and fourth-stage larvae of different ages as well as males and females) and could be dose-dependently inhibited with sulfobromophthalein (sbp). addition of sbp to in vitro larval cultures reversibly inhibited development from third- to fourth-stage larvae. two glutathione-affinity ...200818771610
mitochondrial dna variation of the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum in brazilian populations.the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene was partially sequenced for 164 ancylostoma caninum individuals, originating from five different localities in brazil, with the aim of describing the genetic diversity and genetic structure of brazilian hookworm populations. allelic and nucleotide diversity were moderate (overall h=0.88 and pi=0.016) and were similar among cities. there was moderate genetic differentiation among the populations sampled (approximately phi(st)=0.12) and a weak but nonsig ...200817997042
the evaluation of recombinant hookworm antigens as vaccines in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) challenged with human hookworm, necator americanus.we have previously reported the successful adaptation of human hookworm necator americanus in the golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus. this animal model was used to test a battery of hookworm (n. americanus and ancylostoma caninum) recombinant antigens as potential vaccine antigens. hamsters immunized a leading vaccine candidate n. americanus-ancylostoma secreted protein 2 (na-asp-2) and challenged with n. americanus infective larvae (l3), resulted in 30-46.2% worm reduction over the course of ...200817645877
pyrantel in small animal medicine: 30 years on.pyrantel, a tetrahydropyrimidine nicotinic agonist anthelmintic, has been used in companion animal medicine since the 1970s to control two important nematode groups, the hookworms and the roundworms. given the zoonotic potential of these parasites, pyrantel has served a dual role in helping to protect the health of both companion animals and the public for more than 30 years. this review describes the history and mechanism of action of this drug, and collates evidence that resistance to pyrantel ...200817720556
gender-enriched transcription of activation associated secreted proteins in ostertagia ostertagi.activation associated secreted proteins (asp) are members of a nematode-specific protein family belonging to the scp/tpx-1/ag5/pr-1/sc7 family. three different types of molecules have been identified in this family: two-domain asps and single-domain asps showing homology to either the c-terminal or n-terminal domain of the two-domain asp. the function of these proteins is still unclear, but a role in transition to parasitism and a role as allergen are often suggested. here we report that the abo ...200817961575
identification of stage-specific proteins of angiostrongylus vasorum (baillet, 1866) kamensky.sera of ten dogs infected with angiostrongylus vasorum were analyzed by immunoblotting proteins of first stage larvae (l1) and adult parasites. the molecular weights (m.w.) of the principal l1 proteins identified by igg, igm, iga, and ige were 18-118 kda and those of the adult parasite were 28-209 kda. the l1 proteins had not been recognized by igg, igm, and iga antibodies in sera of dogs naturally infected with toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, and dipylidium caninum, although only weakly by ...200818060430
the canine hookworm genome: analysis and classification of ancylostoma caninum survey sequences.hookworms infect nearly a billion people. the ancylostoma caninum hookworm of canids is a model for studying human infections and information from its genome coupled with functional genomics and proteomics can accelerate progress towards hookworm control. as a step towards a full-scale a. caninum genome project, we generated 104,000 genome survey sequences (gsss) and determined the genome size of the canine hookworm. gsss assembled into 57.6 mb of unique sequence from a genome that we estimate b ...200818082904
transcriptional changes in the hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, during the transition from a free-living to a parasitic larva.third-stage larvae (l3) of the canine hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, undergo arrested development preceding transmission to a host. many of the mrnas up-regulated at this stage are likely to encode proteins that facilitate the transition from a free-living to a parasitic larva. the initial phase of mammalian host invasion by a. caninum l3 (herein termed "activation") can be mimicked in vitro by culturing l3 in serum-containing medium.200818235850
application of in vitro anthelmintic sensitivity assays to canine parasitology: detecting resistance to pyrantel in ancylostoma caninum.resistance of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum to anthelmintic therapy with pyrantel is an emerging problem in canine veterinary practice. detecting anthelmintic resistance in parasites of pets is problematic because traditional resistance-monitoring techniques used with livestock parasites, such as the faecal egg count reduction test, are often impractical for use in small animals. we used two field-collected isolates of a. caninum in an abbreviated critical trial to test their pyrantel ...200818242867
a novel small heat shock protein 12.6 (hsp12.6) from brugia malayi functions as a human il-10 receptor binding protein.phage display cdna expression library of the third stage larvae (l3) of brugia malayi was screened for identifying target(s) that bound to the human interleukin-10 receptor (huil10r). this iterative screening identified an insert that showed significant homology to caenorhabditis elegans hsp12.6. the gene was designated b. malayi hsp12.6 (bmhsp12.6) and has orthologues in several gastrointestinal nematode genome (ancylostoma caninum, ascaris lumbricoides and ascaris suum) but the gene or gene pr ...200818395809
pcr-based coprodiagnostic tools reveal dogs as reservoirs of zoonotic ancylostomiasis caused by ancylostoma ceylanicum in temple communities in bangkok.a survey of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and humans from temple communities in bangkok revealed that 58% of dogs and 3.4% of humans, among those sampled, were infected with hookworms utilising faecal flotation techniques and microscopy. a previously established polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-rflp approach was utilised to determine the species of hookworms infecting dogs found positive for hookworm eggs. single infections with ancylostoma ceylanicum and ancylostoma caninum were recorded in ...200818556131
plant vermicides of haitian vodou show in vitro activity against larval hookworm.haitian vodou priests (houngans) and priestesses (mambos) use plant remedies to treat many illnesses, including intestinal parasite infections. the present study screened 12 plants used in vodou treatments for intestinal parasites to detect in vitro activity against infective-stage larvae of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum. water-soluble extracts of 4 of the 12 plants inhibited serum-stimulated feeding by larval a. caninum in a dose-dependent manner. all 4 plant extracts inhibited feeding induc ...200818576795
strategies for the storage of ancylostoma caninum third-stage larvae.although cryopreservation protocols for storage of hookworm larvae have been described, the circumstances under which the technique is necessary to ensure larval survival are not well defined. the motility of infective-stage larvae (as judged by observation) and their ability to migrate through canine skin in vitro were measured over a 7-mo period in worms held at room temperature and worms that had been cryopreserved at the start of the experiment. cryopreserved worms showed motility and migrat ...200818605779
encroachment of echinococcus granulosus into urban areas in eastern queensland, australia.to investigate the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus in wild dogs (dingos and dingo-domestic dog hybrids) living in and around human habitation on fraser island and in townships of the maroochy shire, on queensland's sunshine coast, australia.200818673469
phenotypic characterization of two ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel.the anthelmintic pyrantel plays an important role in the control of gastrointestinal helminths of humans and domestic animals. despite the demonstration of pyrantel resistance in several helminth species over the last 20 years, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. it has been hypothesized that resistance may arise as a consequence of changes to the relative proportions of subpopulations of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). to test this hypothesis, we examined the responses of two ...200818710918
[occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and cats in the laboratory of routine of parasitic diseases fmvz/unesp-botucatu, sp].with the object of determining the occurrence and prevalence of parasites in dogs and cats in the region of botucatu, a survey was conducted from the results of fecal parasitologic exams feces, processed by the laboratory of parasitic diseases of fmvz-unesp/botucatu from january 2002 to december 2006. 1,012 fecal samples of dogs and cats were evaluated by the technique of willis mollay and faust. in dogs the higher incidence was found for ancylostoma caninum eggs (38%). in cats, the oocysts of i ...200820059844
[the evaluation of soil contamination with geohelminth eggs in the area of wrocław, poland].the main source of many zoonoses is soil contaminated with feline and canine faeces. the aim of this study was to examine the degree of soil contamination with geohelminth eggs in the area of wrocław. within 2006-2007 a total of 185 soil samples (parks, backyards, playgrounds and city squares) from area were collected and then examined using flotation technique in saturated sodium nitrate. the helminth eggs were found in 37 (20%) samples. the highest rate of contamination was in the city squares ...200819338223
helminth infections in faecal samples of wolves canis lupus l. from the western beskidy mountains in southern poland.eighty-nine samples of grey wolf (canis lupus l.) faeces were collected between 2002 and 2004 from two areas in the western beskidy mts (south poland). helminth eggs were observed in 56.2% of faeces examined. these included: alaria alata (2.2%), taeniid eggs (11.2%), toxocara canis (5.6%), toxascaris leonina (1.1%), eucoleus aerophilus (14.6%), ancylostoma caninum (12.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (37%) and unidentified roundworm eggs of the family strongyloididae (1.1%). eucoleus aerophilus is re ...200718251025
echinococcosis in dogs in urban and rural areas in dakahlia governorate, egypt.a sample of one hundred and ninety stray dogs was captured from mansoura city (urban) and three hundreds and fifty stray dogs were captured from meet el-korama, mansheit el-badawy villages (rural). the total prevalence of e. granulosus was 5%, with a worm burden ranging from 4 to 1010 (mean = 421). the significant prevalence was 6% in the rural area and 3.2% in the urban one. e. granulosus showed higher prevalence in young than old dogs and in males than females but without significant differenc ...200717985582
the bandit, a new dna transposon from a hookworm-possible horizontal genetic transfer between host and parasite.an enhanced understanding of the hookworm genome and its resident mobile genetic elements should facilitate understanding of the genome evolution, genome organization, possibly host-parasite co-evolution and horizontal gene transfer, and from a practical perspective, development of transposon-based transgenesis for hookworms and other parasitic nematodes.200717989781
characterization of beta-tubulin genes in hookworms and investigation of resistance-associated mutations using real-time pcr.human hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus) are a major cause of malnutrition and anemia, particularly in children, and high worm burdens can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation. mass drug administration (mda) with benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity and infection prevalence. however, such treatment strategies may apply significant selection pressure on resistance alleles. in several strongylid parasites of livestock, resistanc ...200717850900
impact of population structure on genetic diversity of a potential vaccine target in the canine hookworm (ancylostoma caninum).ancylostoma caninum is a globally distributed canine parasitic nematode. to test whether positive selection, population structure, or both affect genetic variation at the candidate vaccine target ancylostoma secreted protein 1 (asp-1), we have quantified the genetic variation in a. caninum at asp-1 and a mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1), using the statistical population analysis tools found in the snap workbench. the mitochondrial gene cox-1 exhibits moderate diversity wi ...200717918358
marburg virus angola infection of rhesus macaques: pathogenesis and treatment with recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2.the procoagulant tissue factor (tf) is thought to play a role in the coagulation disorders that characterize filoviral infections. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenesis of lethal infection with the angola strain of marburg virus (marv-ang) in rhesus macaques and tested the efficacy of recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rnapc2), an inhibitor of tf/factor viia, as a potential treatment.200717940973
evaluation of the transcription level of the protein disulfide isomerase in different stages from ancylostoma caninum with a real-time pcr assay.the protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is a ubiquitous protein, which contributes in building disulfide bridges. in the work presented here, the expression of the pdi in different stages of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum was investigated. third-stage larvae (l3), adults, as well as serum-stimulated and hypobiotic l3 were used. for quantification of the pdi gene transcription, a real-time pcr was used establishing a hybridization probe (taqmantrade mark probes) for detection of pdi copy n ...200717762941
[solid medium-filter paper cultivation of ancylostoma caninum larvae].consisted of beef extract (3 grams), peptone (10 grams), sodium chloride (5 grams), agar (20 grams) and distilled water, the solid medium was used with filter paper for cultivation of the larvae of ancylostoma caninum. the method shows higher detection rate and simpler operation than the traditional test tube-filter paper culture technique.200718038814
ancylostoma caninum infection in a texas-born blue lacy dog--alberta. 200718050802
confirmation of sex-specific transcripts from ancylostoma caninum adult worms by semi-quantitative rt-pcr.in a previous work ancylostoma caninum sex-specific genes had being identified, however without confirmation, by using an non specific rt-pcr comparing male and female cdna. in this work more fragments had been identified and a semi-quantitative rt-pcr carried out in order to confirm the sex-specific character of the transcripts obtained. four fragments were confirmed as sex-specific or as being expressed more in one sex than the other.200717005221
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