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[homology analysis and historical tracing for inter-continental burkholderia pseudomallei strains of sequence type 562].objective: to understand the homology of sequence type 562 (st562) strains of burkholderia pseudomallei which circulated in two separate continents (asia and australia) at different times. methods:speⅰrestriction fragments and 4-locus multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva-4) profiles were extracted from mshr5858 (st562 australia strain) and 350105 (st562 historical strain of hainan) genomes respectively by in silico analysis and then compared with the pfge and mlva-4 result ...201728651407
effects of sodium chloride on heat resistance, oxidative susceptibility, motility, biofilm and plaque formation of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental saprophyte and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infectious disease prevalent in tropical areas, including southeast asia and northern australia. in thailand, the highest incidence of melioidosis is in the northeast region, where saline soil and water are abundant. we hypothesized that b. pseudomallei develops an ability to thrive in saline conditions and gains a selective ecological advantage over other soil-dwelling microorganisms. howev ...201728643413
rapid filter-based detection and culture of burkholderia pseudomallei from small volumes of urine.clinical outcomes of melioidosis patients improve when the infecting agent, burkholderia pseudomallei, is rapidly detected and identified by laboratory testing. detection of b. pseudomallei dna or recovery of the pathogen by culture from urine can support a diagnosis of melioidosis and guide patient care. two new methods, designated filter-capture dna isolation (fcdi) and filter cellular recovery (fcr), were developed to increase the sensitivity of detection and recovery of viable b. pseudomalle ...201728637908
host gene expression analysis in sri lankan melioidosis patients.melioidosis is a life threatening infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei predominantly found in southeast asia and northern australia. studying the host transcription profiles in response to infection is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis and correlates of disease severity, which may help improve therapeutic intervention and survival. the aim of this study was to analyze gene expression levels of human host factors in melioidosis patients an ...201728628607
phylogeography of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates, western hemisphere.the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is mainly associated with tropical areas. we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) among genome sequences from isolates of b. pseudomallei that originated in the western hemisphere by comparing them with genome sequences of isolates that originated in the eastern hemisphere. analysis indicated that isolates from the western hemisphere form a distinct clade, which supports the hypothesis that these isolates were derived f ...201728628442
pediatric melioidosis in sarawak, malaysia: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics.melioidosis is a serious, and potentially fatal community-acquired infection endemic to northern australia and southeast asia, including sarawak, malaysia. the disease, caused by the usually intrinsically aminoglycoside-resistant burkholderia pseudomallei, most commonly affects adults with predisposing risk factors. there are limited data on pediatric melioidosis in sarawak.201728599008
burkholderia pseudomallei in a lowland rice paddy: seasonal changes and influence of soil depth and physico-chemical properties.melioidosis, a severe infection with the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is being recognised increasingly frequently. what determines its uneven distribution within endemic areas is poorly understood. we cultured soil from a rice field in laos for b. pseudomallei at different depths on 4 occasions over a 13-month period. we also measured physical and chemical parameters in order to identify associated characteristics. overall, 195 of 653 samples (29.7%) yielded b. pseudomallei ...201728596557
an avirulent burkholderia pseudomallei ∆purm strain with atypical type b lps: expansion of the toolkit for biosafe studies of melioidosis.the work was undertaken to expand the tools available for researching burkholderia pseudomallei (bp), the etiological agent of the tropical disease melioidosis. melioidosis has the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. in the united states, bp is listed as a tier-1 select agent by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), thus requiring high levels of regulation and biosafety level 3 (bsl3) facilities for experimental manipulation of live organisms. an avirul ...201728592242
hydrological connectivity and burkholderia pseudomallei prevalence in wetland environments: investigating rice-farming community's risk of exposure to melioidosis in north-east thailand.in our analysis of 136 water samples from wetland environments (rice paddies, natural wetland sites, man-made water bodies) in rural areas of north-east thailand, burkholderia pseudomallei was most prevalent in rice paddies (15 of the 30 positive sites). the high prevalence in the water of rice fields is indicative of the inherent vulnerability of farmers in rural agricultural areas in this area of thailand and likely other locations in the tropics. nearly all b. pseudomallei-positive sites were ...201728536911
improved detection of burkholderia pseudomallei from non-blood clinical specimens using enrichment culture and pcr: narrowing diagnostic gap in resource-constrained settings.to evaluate the diagnostic utility of enrichment culture and pcr for improved case detection rates of non-bacteraemic form of melioidosis in limited resource settings.201728510994
are brucellosis, q fever and melioidosis potential causes of febrile illness in madagascar?brucellosis, q fever and melioidosis are zoonoses, which can lead to pyrexia. these diseases are often under-ascertained and underreported because of their unspecific clinical signs and symptoms, insufficient awareness by physicians and public health officers and limited diagnostic capabilities, especially in low-resource countries. therefore, the presence of brucella spp., coxiella burnetii and burkholderia pseudomallei was investigated in malagasy patients exhibiting febrile illness. in additi ...201728502643
melioidosis: clinical impact and public health threat in the tropics.this review briefly summarizes the geographical distribution and clinical impact of melioidosis, especially in the tropics. burkholderia pseudomallei (a gram-negative bacterium) is the major causative agent for melioidosis, which is prevalent in singapore, malaysia, thailand, vietnam, and northern australia. melioidosis patients are increasingly being recognized in other parts of the world. the bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents, but prolonged treatment, especially ...201728493905
dna vaccination resurfaces in the struggle against melioidosis. 201728481716
a nonsense mutation in tlr5 is associated with survival and reduced il-10 and tnf-α levels in human melioidosis.melioidosis, caused by the flagellated bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a life-threatening and increasingly recognized emerging disease. toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 is a germline-encoded pattern recognition receptor to bacterial flagellin. we evaluated the association of a nonsense tlr5 genetic variant that truncates the receptor with clinical outcomes and with immune responses in melioidosis.201728475641
melioidosis with portal vein thrombosis.melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common infectious disease in tropical regions. the author reports a case of melioidosis with a rare manifestation of portal vein thrombosis and cavernous transformation of the portal vein. melioidosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with underlying risk factors who present with multiple liver abscesses; moreover, portal vein thrombosis can be a potential complication. computed tomography is the modality of choice to ...201728473933
functional characterisation of burkholderia pseudomallei biotin protein ligase: a toolkit for anti-melioidosis drug development.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of melioidosis. the bacterium is responsible for 20% of community-acquired sepsis cases and 40% of sepsis-related mortalities in northeast thailand, and is intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides, macrolides, rifamycins, cephalosporins, and nonureidopenicillins. there is no vaccine and its diagnosis is problematic. biotin protein ligase (bira) which is essential for fatty acid synthesis has been proposed as a drug target in bacteria. very ...201728454708
structural diversity of burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharides affects innate immune signaling.burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes the disease melioidosis. the main cause of mortality in this disease is septic shock triggered by the host responding to lipopolysaccharide (lps) components of the gram-negative outer membrane. bp lps is thought to be a weak inducer of the host immune system. lps from several strains of bp were purified and their ability to induce the inflammatory mediators tnf-α and inos in murine macrophages at low concentrations was investigated. innate and adaptive immun ...201728453531
central nervous system melioidosis in the pediatric age group: review.melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. neurologic involvement in pediatric age group is very rare, and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. we sought to provide a systematic review of pediatric neurologic melioidosis.201728451778
demonstrating the protective efficacy of the novel fluoroquinolone finafloxacin against an inhalational exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious disease endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. antibiotic treatment is lengthy and relapse often occurs. finafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity in acidic conditions in contrast to other fluoroquinolones which demonstrate reduced activity at a lower ph. therefore, finafloxacin may have improved efficacy against b. pseudomallei, which can survive within host cells where the ...201728438936
gene expression profile of human cytokines in response to burkholderia pseudomallei infection.melioidosis is an underreported infectious disease, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis is crucial for developing newer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this life-threatening infection. in this study, we aimed to analyze the gene expression levels of important cytokines in melioidosis patients and establish useful correlates with disease biomarkers compared to cases of sepsis infection caused by other ...201728435890
the gut microbiota as a modulator of innate immunity during melioidosis.melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging cause of pneumonia-derived sepsis in the tropics. the gut microbiota supports local mucosal immunity and is increasingly recognized as a protective mediator in host defenses against systemic infection. here, we aimed to characterize the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota during experimental melioidosis.201728422970
increased neurotropic threat from burkholderia pseudomallei strains with a b. mallei-like variation in the bima motility gene, australia.neurologic melioidosis is a serious, potentially fatal form of burkholderia pseudomallei infection. recently, we reported that a subset of clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei from australia have heightened virulence and potential for dissemination to the central nervous system. in this study, we demonstrate that this subset has a b. mallei-like sequence variation of the actin-based motility gene, bima. compared with b. pseudomallei isolates having typical bima alleles, isolates that contain the ...201728418830
acute bacteremic pneumonia due to melioidosis developing in the intensive care setting.in malaysia, melioidosis is commonly encountered as this infection is known as part of the endemic area for the disease. managing cases of positive burkholderia pseudomallei infection can involve multidisciplinary unit mainly, microbiologist, infectious disease team and intensive care as it may be quite difficult to distinguish melioidosis from a number of other diseases on the clinical setting alone. laboratory diagnosis plays a vital role in determining the direction of management. investigati ...201728417070
comparing in vitro and in vivo virulence phenotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei type g strains.burkholderia pseudomallei (bpm) is a saprophytic rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. this disease has previously been described as endemic in areas such as northern australia and southeast asia, but, more recently, a better understanding of the epidemiology of melioidosis indicated that the disease is distributed worldwide, including regions of the americas and africa. a 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) typing system has been developed for bpm ...201728414823
accidental occupational exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei in south korea did not result in melioidosis. 201728414016
antibiotic resistance markers in burkholderia pseudomallei strain bp1651 identified by genome sequence analysis.burkholderia pseudomallei bp1651 is resistant to several classes of antibiotics that are usually effective for treatment of melioidosis, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and β-lactams such as penicillins (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), cephalosporins (ceftazidime), and carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem). we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the bp1651 genome and analyzed the sequence using comparative genomic analyses with susceptible strains, keyword searches of the annotation, publicl ...201728396541
cutaneous melioidosis with unusual histological features.melioidosis is caused by the saprophytic gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei, and has varied presentations, with cutaneous manifestations occurring in about 13% of cases. the usual histopathological features of melioidosis are suppurative to chronic granulomatous inflammation. recommended treatment of melioidosis is sequential use of intravenous followed by oral antibiotics for a few months, although oral antibiotics alone can be used in primary cutaneous melioidosis. we report a ca ...201626299451
farnesol increases the susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm to antimicrobials used to treat melioidosis.the aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro activity of farnesol alone and combined with the antibacterial drugs amoxicillin, doxycycline, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.201626669506
burkholderia pseudomallei kynb plays a role in aq production, biofilm formation, bacterial swarming and persistence.kynurenine formamidase (kynb) forms part of the kynurenine pathway which metabolises tryptophan to anthranilate. this metabolite can be used for downstream production of 2-alkyl-4-quinolone (aq) signalling molecules that control virulence in pseudomonas aeruginosa. here we investigate the role of kynb in the production of aqs and virulence-associated phenotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei k96243, the causative agent of melioidosis. deletion of kynb resulted in reduced aq production, increased b ...201626654915
sri lankan national melioidosis surveillance program uncovers a nationwide distribution of invasive melioidosis.the epidemiologic status of melioidosis in sri lanka was unclear from the few previous case reports. we established laboratory support for a case definition and started a nationwide case-finding study. suspected burkholderia pseudomallei isolates were collated, identified by polymerase chain reaction assay, referred for matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis and multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and named according to the international mlst database. between 2006 an ...201626621560
burkholderia pseudomallei is frequently detected in groundwater that discharges to major watercourses in northern australia.burkholderia pseudomallei is the environmental bacterium that causes the serious disease melioidosis. recently, a high prevalence of viable b. pseudomallei was reported from natural groundwater seeps around castle hill, a clinical focus of melioidosis in townsville, australia. this study sought to expand previous findings to determine the extent of b. pseudomallei in more diverse natural groundwater seeps in northern queensland to ascertain if the presence of the organism in groundwater on castl ...201626620184
exposing a β-lactamase "twist": the mechanistic basis for the high level of ceftazidime resistance in the c69f variant of the burkholderia pseudomallei peni β-lactamase.around the world, burkholderia spp. are emerging as pathogens highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, especially ceftazidime. clinical variants of burkholderia pseudomallei possessing the class a β-lactamase peni with substitutions at positions c69 and p167 are known to demonstrate ceftazidime resistance. however, the biochemical basis for ceftazidime resistance in class a β-lactamases in b. pseudomallei is largely undefined. here, we performed site saturation mutagenesis of the c69 position a ...201626596949
structural analysis and knock-out of a burkholderia pseudomallei homolog of the eukaryotic transcription coactivator pc4.homologs of the eukaryotic transcription coactivator pc4, which also functions in dna repair and oxidative stress, were recently identified in prokaryotes. crystallographic analysis of bpsl1147, a putative homolog from the pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei k96243, reveals a highly conserved core structure and suggests a nucleic acid binding mode similar to that of pc4. knock-out and complementation experiments do not reveal distinguishing phenotypes under normal growth conditions or in the pres ...201626625975
burkholderia pseudomallei induces il-23 production in primary human monocytes.burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is a causative agent of melioidosis. the bacterium has been shown to induce the innate immune response, particularly pro-inflammatory cytokine production in several of both mouse and human cell types. in the present study, we investigate host immune response in b. pseudomallei-infected primary human monocytes. we discover that wild-type b. pseudomallei is able to survive and multiply inside the primary human monocytes. in contra ...201626563410
melioidosis in new caledonia: a dominant strain in a transmission hotspot.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. in new caledonia, sporadic cases were first described in 2005; since then, more cases have been identified. to improve our understanding of melioidosis epidemiology in new caledonia, we compared the local cases and b. pseudomallei isolates with those from endemic areas. nineteen melioidosis cases have been diagnosed in new caledonia since 1999, mostly severe and ...201626542622
burkholderia pseudomallei genotype distribution in the northern territory, australia.melioidosis is a tropical disease of high mortality caused by the environmental bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. we have collected clinical isolates from the highly endemic northern territory of australia routinely since 1989, and animal and environmental b. pseudomallei isolates since 1991. here we provide a complete record of all b. pseudomallei multilocus sequence types (sts) found in the northern territory to date, and distribution maps of the eight most common environmental sts. we obs ...201626526925
association between activities related to routes of infection and clinical manifestations of melioidosis.we sought associations between route of infection by burkholderia pseudomallei and clinical manifestations in 330 cases of melioidosis in northeast thailand using bivariate multivariable logistic regression models. activities related to skin inoculation were negatively associated with bacteraemia, activities related to ingestion were associated with bacteraemia, and activities related to inhalation were associated with pneumonia. our study suggests that route of infection is one of the factors r ...201626417852
prevalence of bla(pena) and bla(oxa) in burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from patients at sappasitthiprasong hospital and their susceptibility to ceftazidime and carbapenems.burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis. ceftazidime is the preferred drug of choice for treatment. however, the motility rate is high in endemic areas.201626817233
relapsed melioidosis model in c57bl/6 mice.burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative agents of melioidosis, a disease that has a high relapse rate in endemic areas. the mechanism of relapse is unclear201626817231
intracellular replication of the well-armed pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei.the burkholderia genus contains a group of soil-dwelling gram-negative organisms that are prevalent in warm and humid climates. two species in particular are able to cause disease in animals, b. mallei primarily infects equus spp. and b. pseudomallei (bps), that is able to cause potentially life-threatening disease in humans. bps is naturally resistant to many antibiotics and there is no vaccine available. although not a specialised human pathogen, bps possesses a large genome and many virulence ...201626803404
melioidosis in travelers returning from vietnam to france. 201627532771
burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm promotes adhesion, internalization and stimulates proinflammatory cytokines in human epithelial a549 cells.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. inhalational exposure leading to pulmonary melioidosis is the most common clinical manifestation with significant mortality. however, the role of b. pseudomallei biofilm phenotype during bacterial-host interaction remains unclear. we hypothesize that biofilm phenotype may play a role in such interactions. in this study, b. pseudomallei h777 (biofilm wild type), b. pseudomallei m10 (biofilm mutant) and b. pseudomallei ...201627529172
melioidosis: a rare cause of liver abscess.case presentation. this is a case of a 44-year-old male, farmer, known to be diabetic, presenting with two-week history of vague abdominal pain associated with high grade fever. abdominal ct scan showed localized liver abscess at segment 8 measuring 7.5 × 6.8 × 6.1 cm. patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic ultrasound guided pigtail insertion for drainage of abscess. culture studies showed moderate growth of burkholderia pseudomallei in which the patient completed seven days of iv meropenem ...201627529039
burkholderia thailandensis: growth and laboratory maintenance.burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium found in tropical soils. closely related to several human pathogens, its ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth in the laboratory, and low virulence make b. thailandensis a commonly used model organism. this unit describes the fundamental protocols for in vitro growth and maintenance of b. thailandensis in the laboratory. © 2016 by john wiley & sons, inc.201627517336
melioidosis in a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis.melioidosis is a serious infection caused by soil-dwelling gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei. it is most commonly reported in northern australia, southeast and southern asia, china, and taiwan.201627488340
mapping epigenetic changes to the host cell genome induced by burkholderia pseudomallei reveals pathogen-specific and pathogen-generic signatures of infection.the potential for epigenetic changes in host cells following microbial infection has been widely suggested, but few examples have been reported. we assessed genome-wide patterns of dna methylation in human macrophage-like u937 cells following infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of human melioidosis. our analyses revealed significant changes in host cell dna methylation, at multiple cpg sites in the host cell genome, following infe ...201627484700
barriers and recommended interventions to prevent melioidosis in northeast thailand: a focus group study using the behaviour change wheel.melioidosis, an often fatal infectious disease in northeast thailand, is caused by skin inoculation, inhalation or ingestion of the environmental bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. the major underlying risk factor for melioidosis is diabetes mellitus. recommendations for melioidosis prevention include using protective gear such as rubber boots and gloves when in direct contact with soil and environmental water, and consuming bottled or boiled water. only a small proportion of people follow su ...201627472421
role of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes during burkholderia infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative flagellate bacterium that causes melioidosis, a disease endemic to southeast asia and other tropical regions. following infection of macrophages and other non-phagocytic cell types, b. pseudomallei or b. thailandensis (a related species that causes disease in mice but not humans) are able to escape the phagosome and replicate in the host cell cytoplasm. resistance to infection with burkholderia is dependent on the nlrp3 and nlrc4 inflammasomes and the ...201627460811
functional diversity of cytotoxic trnase/immunity protein complexes from burkholderia pseudomallei.contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) is a widespread mechanism of inter-bacterial competition. cdi(+) bacteria deploy large cdia effector proteins, which carry variable c-terminal toxin domains (cdia-ct). cdi(+) cells also produce cdii immunity proteins that specifically neutralize cognate cdia-ct toxins to prevent auto-inhibition. here, we present the crystal structure of the cdia-ct/cdii(e479) toxin/immunity protein complex from burkholderia pseudomallei isolate e479. the cdia-ct(e479) tr ...201627445337
cutaneous melioidosis cluster caused by contaminated wound irrigation fluid. 201627438887
multilocus sequence typing of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei collected in hainan, a tropical island of southern china.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. in this study, we examined the sequence types (sts) of 60 clinical isolates from patients with melioidosis in hainan, a tropical island in southern china. the 60 clinical isolates were resolved into 30 sts. among the sts, st562 was also reported in australia, and st90 was also reported in the united states, probably from a traveler who had previously visited asia. in addition, six novel sts were found in this study, ...201627430537
rapid and sensitive multiplex detection of burkholderia pseudomallei-specific antibodies in melioidosis patients based on a protein microarray approach.the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis with a high case-fatality rate in tropical and subtropical regions. direct pathogen detection can be difficult, and therefore an indirect serological test which might aid early diagnosis is desirable. however, current tests for antibodies against b. pseudomallei, including the reference indirect haemagglutination assay (iha), lack sensitivity, specificity and standardization. consequently, serological ...201627427979
improved multilocus sequence typing of burkholderia pseudomallei and closely related species.the burkholderiapseudomallei multilocus sequence typing (mlst) database (http://pubmlst.org/bpseudomallei/) contains the largest global sequence repository for b. pseudomallei and its closest genetic relatives. using conventional mlst and in silico mlst data derived from publicly available whole-genome sequences, we first defined the phylogenetic relatedness of b. pseudomallei and its nearest neighbours. based on this analysis, we propose that the recently described b. pseudomallei complex (bpc) ...201627412128
experimental phage therapy for burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen intrinsically resistant to a variety of antibiotics. phages have been developed for use as an alternative treatment therapy, particularly for bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics. in this study, we investigated the use of phages to treat cells infected with b. pseudomallei. phage c34 isolated from seawater was purified and characterised on the basis of its host range and morphology usin ...201627387381
burkholderia pseudomallei rapidly infects the brain stem and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve after intranasal inoculation.infection with burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in australia and 40% in southeast asia). neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (cns) is unknown. we have previously demonstrated that b. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within ...201627382023
brainstem micro-abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in a 10-month-old infant: a case report.melioidosis is an uncommon tropical infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. neurological complications of melioidosis are extremely uncommon in infants. a 10-month-old girl is described who presented with disseminated melioidosis with subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, hepatomegaly and a lung cavity, and developed a left medial rectus palsy. cranial mri demonstrated mid-brain, pontine and basal ganglia micro-abscesses. therapy with meropenem and cotrimoxazole led to resolution of t ...201627376438
burkholderia pseudomallei differentially regulates host innate immune response genes for intracellular survival in lung epithelial cells.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis poses a serious threat to humankind. b. pseudomallei secretes numerous virulence proteins that alter host cell functions to escape from intracellular immune sensors. however, the events underlying disease pathogenesis are poorly understood.201627367858
incidental splenic granuloma due to burkholderia pseudomallei: a case of asymptomatic latent melioidosis?we report a rare case of an asymptomatic latent melioidosis lesion in a posttraumatic splenectomy specimen from a diabetic patient. the 2-cm yellowish, lobulated lesion was found in the splenic parenchyma well away from the traumatized areas. microscopically, it consisted of a central area of necrosis and exudate surrounded by macrophages, epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and occasional multinucleated giant cells. burkholderia bacilli were detected by a novel in situ hybridization (ish) assay, an ...201626787155
a shelf-stable fluorogenic isothermal amplification assay for the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei.a shelf-stable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reagent for burkholderia pseudomallei detection is described. the coupling of lamp reagents with the indirect colorimetric indicator and consequently its lyophilization enable the simple evaluation of results without the need for any advance laboratory instruments. the reagents were found to have a stable shelf life of at least 30 days with well-maintained sensitivity and specificity.201626783560
neurologic melioidosis: case report of a rare cause of acute flaccid paralysis.acute flaccid paralysis is associated with inflammation, infection, or tumors in the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei infection) can rarely cause this presentation. we describe a case of spinal melioidosis in a 4-year-old boy presenting with flaccid paralysis, and review the literature on this rare disease.201626778096
burkholderia pseudomallei: its detection in soil and seroprevalence in bangladesh.melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is an endemic disease in bangladesh. no systematic study has yet been done to detect the environmental source of the organism and its true extent in bangladesh. the present study attempted to isolate b. pseudomallei in soil samples and to determine its seroprevalence in several districts in bangladesh.201626771511
land use and soil type determine the presence of the pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei in tropical rivers.burkholderia pseudomallei is the bacterium that causes melioidosis in humans. while b. pseudomallei is known to be endemic in south east asia (sea), the occurrence of the disease in other parts of the tropics points towards a potentially large global distribution. we investigated the environmental factors that influence the presence (and absence) of b. pseudomallei in a tropical watershed in sea. our main objective was to determine whether there is a link between the presence of the organism in ...201626758304
ultrastructural effects and antibiofilm activity of lfchimera against burkholderia pseudomallei.lactoferrin chimera (lfchimera), a hybrid peptide containing the two antimicrobial stretches of the innate immunity factor bovine lactoferrin, viz. lfampin265-284 and lfcin17-30, has strikingly high antimicrobial activity against the category b pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. the action mechanisms of lfchimera against b. pseudomallei is not fully understood. the aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of treated b. pseudomallei with lfchimera using (immune) electron microscop ...201626754671
multilocus sequence typing of 102 burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from china.the phylogenetic and epidemiological relationships of 102 burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates from different geographical and population sources in china were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the mlst data were analysed using the e-burst algorithm, and an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram was constructed based on the pair-wise differences in the allelic profiles of the strains. forty-one sequence types (sts) were identified, of which eight wer ...201626744829
burkholderia pseudomallei causing bone and joint infections: a clinical update.burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei), a causative agent of an emerging infectious disease melioidosis, is endemic in the tropical regions of the world. due to increased international travel, the infection is now also seen outside of the tropics. the majority of patients with identified risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol use, malignancy, chronic lung and kidney disease, corticosteroid use, thalassemia, rheumatic heart disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac fai ...201626728713
fatal bacteremic melioidosis in patients with prolonged neutropenia.melioidosis, an infection with an expanding geographic range, is extremely rare in neutropenic patients. we report bacteremic melioidosis (st-70 and st-660) in 2 patients with prolonged neutropenia, who succumbed despite appropriate antibiotics. clinicians should be aware of this emerging infection in neutropenic patients residing in or returning from endemic areas.201626712267
attenuation of a select agent-excluded burkholderia pseudomallei capsule mutant in hamsters.burkholderia pseudomallei is a tier 1 select agent and potential bioweapon. given it is potential to cause a lethal respiratory disease, research with fully virulent b. pseudomallei is conducted in biosafety level 3 (bsl-3) laboratory spaces. the logistical, financial, and administrative burden of tier 1 select agent bsl-3 research has created an interest in mitigating such burdens through the use of either attenuated b. pseudomallei strains at bsl-2, or research with surrogate species, such as ...201626836271
novel engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides display broad-spectrum activity against francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis and burkholderia pseudomallei.broad-spectrum antimicrobials are needed to effectively treat patients infected in the event of a pandemic or intentional release of a pathogen prior to confirmation of the pathogen's identity. engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (ecaps) display activity against a number of bacterial pathogens including multi-drug-resistant strains. two lead ecaps, wlbu2 and wr12, were compared with human cathelicidin (ll-37) against three highly pathogenic bacteria: francisella tularensis, yersinia pesti ...201626673248
genome sequence of the historical clinical isolate burkholderia pseudomallei phls 6.here, we present the draft genome sequence of burkholderia pseudomallei phls 6, a virulent clinical strain isolated from a melioidosis patient in bangladesh in 1960. the draft genome consists of 39 contigs and is 7,322,181 bp long.201627365360
burkholderia pseudomallei rpos mediates inos suppression in human hepatocyte (hc04) cells.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a widespread disease in southeast asia. reactive nitrogen, in an intermediate form of nitric oxide (no), is one of the first lines of defense used by host cells to eliminate intracellular pathogens, through the stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). studies in phagocytotic cells have shown that the inos response is muted in b. pseudomallei infection, and implicat ...201627324398
heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide promote burkholderia pseudomallei infection.the environmental bacterium and potential biothreat agent burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, an often fatal infectious disease. increased serum bilirubin has been shown to be a negative predictive factor in melioidosis patients. we therefore investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), which catalyzes the degradation of heme into the bilirubin precursor biliverdin, ferrous iron, and co during b. pseudomallei infection. we found that infection of murine macrophages induces ho-1 ex ...201627316684
detection of burkholderia pseudomallei toxin-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis using a caenorhabditis elegans ugt-29 biosensor.toxins are believed to play a crucial role in burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenicity, however to date, only a few have been identified. the discovery of additional toxic molecules is limited by the lack of a sensitive indicator of b. pseudomallei toxicity. previously, from a whole genome transcriptome analysis of b. pseudomallei-infected caenorhabditis elegans, we noted significant overexpression of a number of worm genes encoding detoxification enzymes, indicating the host's attempt to clear b ...201627273550
possible misidentification of species in the pseudomonas fluorescens lineage as burkholderia pseudomallei and francisella tularensis, and emended descriptions of pseudomonas brenneri,pseudomonas gessardii and pseudomonas proteolytica.bacteria were isolated from an industrial water circuit in the netherlands. these strains were identified using api 20 ne as possible, or likely, burkholderia pseudomallei. with vitek 2 some of these strains scored 'low discrimination' for francisella tularensis, amongst others. a total of twenty-six strains were assigned to the species pseudomonas brenneri, pseudomonas gessardii or pseudomonas proteolytica. because of the possibility of misidentification of these environmental species as medica ...201627259517
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem)-2 impairs host defense in experimental melioidosis.triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem) -1 and trem-2 are key regulators of the inflammatory response that are involved in the clearance of invading pathogens. melioidosis, caused by the "tier 1" biothreat agent burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common form of community-acquired sepsis in southeast-asia. trem-1 has been suggested as a biomarker for sepsis and melioidosis. we aimed to characterize the expression and function of trem-1 and trem-2 in melioidosis.201627253382
an imported case of acute melioidosis caused by st881 burkholderia pseudomallei.a previously healthy chinese male working in malaysia returned to china with high fever. a blood culture showed burkholderia pseudomallei strain wcbp1. this isolate was sequenced, showing type, st881, which appears to be present in malaysia. wcp1 had unusual susceptibility to aminoglycosides and habored the yersinia-like fimbrial gene cluster for virulence. the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly but he recovered after receiving meropenem and intensive care support. melioidosis is a potenti ...201627244959
polyphosphate kinase mediates antibiotic tolerance in extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli pcn033.extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) causes a variety of acute infections in its hosts, and multidrug-resistant strains present significant challenges to public health and animal husbandry. therefore, it is necessary to explore new drug targets to control e. coli epidemics. previous studies have reported that ppk mutants of burkholderia pseudomallei and mycobacterium tuberculosis are more susceptible than the wild types (wts) to stress. therefore, we investigated the stress respon ...201627242742
a case of systemic melioidosis: unravelling the etiology of chronic unexplained fever with multiple presentations.melioidosis, caused by the environmental saprophyte, burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important public health problem in southeast asia and northern australia. it is being increasingly reported from other parts, including india, china, and north and south america expanding the endemic zone of the disease. we report a case of systemic melioidosis in a 58-year-old diabetic, occupationally-unexposed male patient, who presented with chronic fever, sepsis, pneumonia, pleural effusion and subcutaneous ...201627238172
structural insights into an oxalate-producing serine hydrolase with an unusual oxyanion hole and additional lyase activity.in burkholderia species, the production of oxalate, an acidic molecule, is a key event for bacterial growth in the stationary phase. oxalate plays a central role in maintaining environmental ph, which counteracts inevitable population-collapsing alkaline toxicity in amino acid-based culture medium. in the phytopathogen burkholderia glumae, two enzymes are responsible for oxalate production. first, the enzyme oxalate biosynthetic component a (obca) catalyzes the formation of a tetrahedral c6-coa ...201627226606
isotype switching: mouse igg3 constant region drives increased affinity for polysaccharide antigens. 201627224549
thiolactomycin-based inhibitors of bacterial β-ketoacyl-acp synthases with in vivo activity.β-ketoacyl-acp synthases (kas) are key enzymes involved in the type ii bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (fasii) pathway and are putative targets for antibacterial discovery. several natural product kas inhibitors have previously been reported, including thiolactomycin (tlm), which is produced by nocardia spp. here we describe the synthesis and characterization of optically pure 5r-thiolactomycin (tlm) analogues that show improved whole cell activity against bacterial strains including methicill ...201627187871
fatal melioidosis in a newborn from hainan, china.herein, we report a case of fatal melioidosis in a newborn. the newborn died of serious melioidosis with respiratory and multiorgan failure at 16 days of age despite extensive treatment with antibiotics and methylprednisolone. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the infant's blood and cerebrospinal fluid and identified as a novel sequence type (st-1341). his father had cough and fever when the newborn was born, and a localized patchy infiltration on the right upper lung was seen in chest ...201627162267
what clinical factors are associated with mortality in septicemic melioidosis? a report from an endemic area.melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, has high mortality, particularly in its septicemic form. data on the factors associated with mortality from melioidosis are still limited.201627131004
contribution of murine igg fc regions to antibody binding to the capsule of burkholderia pseudomallei.immunoglobulin g3 (igg3) is the predominant igg subclass elicited in response to polysaccharide antigens in mice. this specific subclass has been shown to crosslink its fragment crystallizable (fc) regions following binding to multivalent polysaccharides. crosslinking leads to increased affinity through avidity, which theoretically should lead to more effective protection against bacteria and yeast displaying capsular polysaccharides on their surface. to investigate this further we have analyzed ...201627096636
evaluation of the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for identification of clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is not represented in the current version of bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) system. a total of 66 isolates of b. pseudomallei, including 30 clinical isolates collected from national taiwan university hospital (ntuh, n = 27) and peking union medical college hospital (pumch, n = 3), and 36 isolates of genetically confirmed strains, including 13 from clinical samples and 23 from environmental samp ...201627092108
burkholderia pseudomallei capsule exacerbates respiratory melioidosis but does not afford protection against antimicrobial signaling or bacterial killing in human olfactory ensheathing cells.melioidosis, caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an often severe infection that regularly involves respiratory disease following inhalation exposure. intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of mice represents an experimental approach used to study the contributions of bacterial capsular polysaccharide i (cps i) to virulence during acute disease. we used aerosol delivery of b. pseudomallei to establish respiratory infection in mice and studied cps i in the context of innate immune respons ...201627091931
identification of cd4+ t-cell epitope and investigation of hla distribution for the immunogenic proteins of burkholderia pseudomallei using in silico approaches - a key vaccine development strategy for melioidosis.melioidosis is a serious infectious diseases affecting multi-organ system in humans with high mortality rate. the disease is caused by the bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei and it is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. thus, there is an urgent need for protective vaccine against b. pseudomallei; which may reduce morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. the identification of peptides that bind to major histocompatibility complex ii class helps in understanding the nature of immune re ...201627086038
melioidosis: where do we stand in the development of an effective vaccine? 201627081770
seroprevalence of burkholderia pseudomallei among adults in coastal areas in southwestern india.although melioidosis, is an important disease in many southeast asian countries and australia, there is limited data on its prevalence and disease burden in india. however, an increase in case reports of melioidosis in recent years indicates its endemicity in india.201627078156
quorum sensing influences burkholderia thailandensis biofilm development and matrix production.members of the genus burkholderia are known to be adept at biofilm formation, which presumably assists in the survival of these organisms in the environment and the host. biofilm formation has been linked to quorum sensing (qs) in several bacterial species. in this study, we characterized burkholderia thailandensis biofilm development under flow conditions and sought to determine whether qs contributes to this process. b. thailandensis biofilm formation exhibited an unusual pattern: the cells fo ...201627068594
erratum to: burkholderia pseudomallei induces il-23 production in primary human monocytes. 201627048481
identification of the burkholderia pseudomallei bacteriophage st79 lysis gene cassette.to identify and characterize the lysis gene cassette from the bacteriophage st79 that lyses burkholderia pseudomallei.201627038077
investigation of recurrent melioidosis in lao people's democratic republic by multilocus sequence typing.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei in northeast thailand and northern australia, where the disease is highly endemic, a range of molecular tools have been used to study its epidemiology and pathogenesis. in the lao people's democratic republic (laos) where melioidosis has been recognized as endemic since 1999, no such studies have been undertaken. we used a multilocus sequence typing scheme specific for b. pseudomallei to investigat ...201627001759
serological evidence of infection with endemic human pathogens among free-ranging old world monkeys in puerto rico.serum specimens from free-ranging but nonnative patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in southwestern puerto rico (pr) were tested for antibodies to infection with dengue viruses (denvs), west nile virus (wnv), leptospira species, and burkholderia pseudomallei by microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization, microscopic agglutination, and indirect hemagglutination, respectively. of 23 animals (21 e. patas and two m. mulatta) tested, all had evidence of p ...201627001754
functional genome screening to elucidate the colistin resistance mechanism.antibiogram profile of 1590 clinical bacterial isolates based on thirteen different antimicrobial compounds showed that 1.6% of the bacterial isolates are multidrug resistant. distribution pattern based on 16s rrna sequence analysis showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted the largest group (83.6%) followed by burkholderia pseudomallei sp. a191 (5.17%), staphylococcus sp. a261 (3.45%). among the various antibiotics used, colistin appeared to be the most effective against the gram negative ...201626988670
experimental persistent infection of balb/c mice with small-colony variants of burkholderia pseudomallei leads to concurrent upregulation of pd-1 on t cells and skewed th1 and th17 responses.burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei), the causative agent of melioidosis, is a deadly pathogen endemic across parts of tropical south east asia and northern australia. b. pseudomallei can remain latent within the intracellular compartment of the host cell over prolonged periods of time, and cause persistent disease leading to treatment difficulties. understanding the immunological mechanisms behind persistent infection can result in improved treatment strategies in clinical melioidosis.201626974441
characteristics, clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality of patients with melioidosis in southern thailand: a 10-year retrospective study.to study characteristics, clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality of patients afflicted with melioidosis.201626972397
burkholderia pseudomallei: first case of melioidosis in portugal.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacillus and the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infection associated with high mortality rate in humans. it can be naturally found as an environmental saprophyte in soil or stagnant water, and rice paddies that predominate in regions of endemicity such as northeast thailand. b. pseudomallei is a biosafety level 3 organism due to risks of aerosolization and severe disease and is now included in formal emergency preparedness plans and guideli ...201626962474
musculoskeletal melioidosis: an under-diagnosed entity in developing countries.melioidosis is a saprophytic infectious disease caused by gram-negative soil-dwelling bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei.201626955222
the association of melioidosis with climatic factors in darwin, australia: a 23-year time-series analysis.melioidosis is an often fatal disease in humans and animals and endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. it is caused by the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. we analysed weather and climate factors preceding new melioidosis cases in darwin and compared the time between weather event and admission to hospital for severe and average wet season rainfall.201626945846
the melioidosis agent burkholderia pseudomallei and related opportunistic pathogens detected in faecal matter of wildlife and livestock in northern australia.the darwin region in northern australia has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, and with it, an increased incidence of melioidosis. previous studies in darwin have associated the environmental presence of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, with anthropogenic land usage and proximity to animals. in our study, we estimated the occurrence of b. pseudomallei and burkholderia spp. relatives in faecal matter of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals in th ...201626935879
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