Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| higher immune response induced by vaccination in houhai acupoint relates to the lymphatic drainage of the injection site. | houhai acupoint (ha) is a site for acupuncture stimulation, located in the fossa between the anus and tail base in animals. to evaluate ha as a potential immunization site, the immune responses were compared when ha and the conventional site nape were vaccinated in rats. the results showed that injection of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) vaccine in ha induced significantly higher igg, igg1, igg2, splenocyte proliferation and mrna expression of il-2, il-4 and ifn-γ than in the nape. to ... | 2020 | 32224352 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive europium (iii) chelate microparticle-based lateral flow test strip for the detection and epidemiological surveillance of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of the genus alphacoronavirus, is the predominant cause of severe enteropathogenic diarrhea in swine. a simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive method is critical for monitoring pedv on pig farms. in this study, a simple and rapid lateral flow immunoassay detection system that integrates europium (eu) (iii) chelate microparticles was developed to identify pedv in fecal swabs. this newly developed diagnostic sandwich immunoassay utilizes lateral flo ... | 2020 | 32144545 |
| efficacy of orally administered porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate microspheres and rankl-secreting l. lactis. | here, we examined the efficacy of are combinant subunit antigen-based oral vaccine for preventing porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). first, we generated a soluble recombinant partial spike s1 protein (ap2) from pedv in e. coli and then evaluated the utility of ap2 subunit vaccine-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate microspheres (hpmcp) and rankl-secreting l. lactis (llrankl) as a candidate oral vaccine in pregnant sows. pregnant sows were vaccinated twice (with a 2 week interval ... | 2020 | 32122610 |
| effects of medium chain fatty acids as a mitigation or prevention strategy against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feed. | feed has been shown to be a vector for viral transmission. four experiments were conducted to: 1) determine if medium chain fatty acids (mcfa) are effective mitigants when applied to feed both pre- and post-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) inoculation measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr), 2) evaluate varying levels and combinations of mcfa measured by qrt-pcr, and 3) evaluate selected treatments in bioassay to determine infectivity. in exp. 1, ... | 2020 | 32447386 |
| pedv orf3 independently regulates iκb kinase β-mediated nf-κb and ifn-β promoter activities. | the open reading frame 3 (orf3), an accessory protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), has been shown to interact with a myriad of cellular proteins, among which include the iκb kinase β (ikbkb). here, specific ikbkb domains responsible for orf3-ikbkb interaction were identified. dysregulation of nf-kb and type i interferon (ifn) in the presence of orf3 was also demonstrated. we showed that while orf3 was capable of up-regulating ikbkb-meditated nf-κb promoter activity, it surprisingly ... | 2020 | 32423021 |
| oral delivery of maize-produced porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein elicits neutralizing antibodies in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe diarrhea and mortality in piglets. robust immunity may break the transmission cycle. expression of antigens in maize grains is a promising method for producing low-cost vaccines. as a first step, we expressed maize constructs containing pedv s1 spike protein targeted to various cellular locations including the cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole, and fused to carrier proteins e. coli heat labile subunit (ltb) and a dendritic cell (dc ... | 2020 | 32394992 |
| immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in swine and protection against subsequent infection. | understanding the immune responses against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is important to prevent infection and to design control strategies. we evaluated both systemic and mucosal immune responses to pedv in pigs and assessed if prior exposure to virus protects against re-infection. three-week-old pigs were infected with pedv and immune response in blood, intestine, and mesenteric lymph node (mln) was evaluated. at 30 dpi, virus exposed pigs were challenged with a field isolate of pedv ... | 2020 | 32343704 |
| assessment of abortion risk of sows on japanese commercial farms infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the objectives of this study were to assess abortion risk (ar) and the number of piglets that died during suckling periods per litter (dp) in farms infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) in relation to herd immunization procedures. data were obtained from 91 farms in japan that had ped infection during 2013 to 2014. the 91 ped-positive farms were asked the number of abortions that occurred and dp for 3 months (1 month before ped outbreak (previous month), 1 month after ped outbreak (the m ... | 2020 | 32342604 |
| characterization of the humoral immune response to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection under experimental and field conditions using an alphalisa platform. | coronavirus infections are a continuous threat raised time and again. with the recent emergence of novel virulent strains, these viruses can have a large impact on human and animal health. porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is considered to be a reemerging pig disease caused by the enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus ped virus (pedv). in the absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control through diagnostic testing and quarantine are critical. early detection and differential diagnosi ... | 2020 | 32245150 |
| successive passage in vitro led to lower virulence and higher titer of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | a highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) appeared in china and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. in the present study, we isolated a pedv using vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. pedv sdsx16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. the viral titers increased to 107.6 tcid50/ml (100th) by serial passages. the spike (s) gene and the whole gene of the sdsx16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic ... | 2020 | 32244640 |
| effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on toll-like receptor expression and cytokine levels in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | to explore the role of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and interferon (ifn) in the innate immunity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), we detected the expression of tlr genes in pedv-infected ipec-j2 cells by real-time pcr. we also detected the level of interferon α (ifn-α) and interferon γ (ifn-γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). results showed that ipec-j2 cells exhibited a clear pathological change after pedv infection at 24 h. in addition, tlr7, tlr9 and tlr10 expressions ... | 2020 | 32233299 |
| a descriptive study of on-farm biosecurity and management practices during the incursion of porcine epidemic diarrhea into canadian swine herds, 2014. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged into canada in january 2014, primarily affecting sow herds. subsequent epidemiological analyses suggested contaminated feed was the most likely transmission pathway. the primary objective of this study was to describe general biosecurity and management practices implemented in pedv-positive sow herds and matched control herds at the time the virus emerged. the secondary objective was to determine if any of these general biosecurity and farm manageme ... | 2020 | 32233133 |
| attenuated porcine-derived type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus as vector stably expressing viral gene. | infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) cdna clones have been used for the expression of classical swine fever virus (csfv) genes for immune prevention and control. however, can it be used for the expression of an allogenetic fragment? to answer this question, a bvdv chimeric virus expressing the spike (s) antigen fragment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was constructed. antigen s499-602 was inserted into pig-derived bvdv-2 infectious cdna clone pash28 in tandem by overlapping pc ... | 2020 | 32135175 |
| expression pattern analysis of antiviral genes and inflammatory cytokines in pedv-infected porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | porcine diarrhea disease in newborn and suckling piglets due to infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a leading cause of economic loss in the pig industry globally. in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the host innate immune response to pedv infection. the expression dynamics of antiviral genes (e.g., rig-1, pkr, oas1, mx1, and mx2) and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., ifn-α, ifn-β, tnf-α, il-6, il-8, and il-12) in porcine small intestinal epithelial (ipec-j2 ... | 2020 | 32133381 |
| using experimental gaming simulations to elicit risk mitigation behavioral strategies for agricultural disease management. | failing to mitigate propagation of disease spread can result in dire economic consequences for agricultural networks. pathogens like porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, can quickly spread among producers. biosecurity is designed to prevent infection transmission. when considering biosecurity investments, management must balance the cost of protection versus the consequences of contracting an infection. thus, an examination of the decision making processes associated with investment in biosecurity i ... | 2020 | 32182247 |
| development of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific siga in colostrum. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes very high mortality in newborn piglets. the mucosal immune system in the gut must eliminate potential pathogens while maintaining a mutually beneficial relationship with the commensal microbiota. antibodies derived from the secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) class, act as the first line of antigen-specific immunity in the gut by recognizing both pathogens and commensals. therefore, the measurement of siga levels is an important index in evaluating ped ... | 2020 | 32173373 |
| an impedimetric immunosensor for determination of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on the nanocomposite consisting of molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles. | an electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is described. it was manufactured by using gold nanoparticles/molybdenum disulfide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (gce). the independently developed monoclonal antibody of pedv-2c11 was immobilized on the modified electrode at site of gold nanoparticles provided in the nanocomposites. the concentration of pedv was quantified by measuring the ... | 2020 | 32166419 |
| genetic characterization of the spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs) circulating in vietnam from 2015 to 2016. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious swine disease caused by the ped virus (pedv), which is a member of the family coronaviridae. since the first outbreaks in belgium and the united kingdom were reported in 1971, ped has spread throughout many countries around the world and causing significant economic loss. this study was conducted to investigate the recent distribution of pedv strains in vietnam during the 2015-2016 seasons. | 2020 | 32159913 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the host innate immune response. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (cov), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). ped causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. interferons (ifns) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral in ... | 2020 | 32403318 |
| nonstructural protein 6 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces autophagy to promote viral replication via the pi3k/akt/mtor axis. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused, and continues to cause, severe economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. the pathogenic mechanism and immune regulatory interactions between pedv and the host remain largely unknown. in this study, the interaction between autophagy and pedv replication in intestinal porcine epithelial (ipec-j2) cells was investigated. the effects of the structural and nonstructural proteins of pedv on the autophagy process and the autophagy-related signal ... | 2020 | 32402351 |
| development of a duplex sybr greenⅰ based real-time pcr assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine bocavirus3/4/5. | the duplex real-time pcr assay based on sybr green і was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine bocavirus (pbov) 3/4/5 genotypes simultaneously. two pairs of specific primers were designed targeting the n gene sequence of pedv and vp1 gene sequence of pbov3/4/5. pedv and pbov3/4/5 could be distinguished by their different melting temperatures (tm) in one sample. the tm value of pedv was 83.5 °c, and the tm value of pbov3/4/5 was 78.5 °c, while other swine p ... | 2020 | 32109535 |
| intramuscular immunization with chemokine-adjuvanted inactive porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces substantial protection in pigs. | intramuscular (im) immunization is generally considered incapable of generating a protective mucosal immune response. in the swine industry, attempts to develop a safe and protective vaccine for controlling porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) via an im route of administration have been unsuccessful. in the present study, porcine chemokine ligand proteins ccl25, 27, and 28 were constructed and stably expressed in the mammalian expression system. im co-administration of inactivated pedv (ipedv) partic ... | 2020 | 32102459 |
| detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-neutralizing antibody using high-throughput imaging cytometry. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging porcine coronavirus that causes a tremendous economic burden on the swine industry. the assessment of pedv-neutralizing antibody levels provides a valuable tool to assess and predict herd immunity. we evaluated the performance of a pedv imaging cytometry-based high-throughput neutralization test (htnt) and compared the htnt to a fluorescent focus neutralization (ffn) assay using serum samples from pigs of known pedv infection status (n = 159) ... | 2020 | 32065056 |
| epidemic and genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in the regions around hunan, china, during 2017-2018. | outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have caused high mortality of piglets and significant economic losses to the chinese swine industry. in the current study, 184 specimens from pigs with or without signs of diarrhea were collected from 39 farms across eight provinces, mainly around hunan, people's republic of china, in 2017 to 2018 in order to obtain epidemiological information on pedv infections in these regions. the results i ... | 2020 | 32056002 |
| glycyrrhizin inhibits pedv infection and proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the hmgb1/tlr4-mapk p38 pathway. | our previous study showed that glycyrrhizin (gly) inhibited porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, but the mechanisms of gly anti-pedv action remain unclear. in this study, we focused on the anti-pedv and anti-proinflammatory cytokine secretion mechanisms of gly. we found that pedv infection had no effect on toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) protein and mrna levels, but that tlr4 regulated pedv infection and the mrna levels of proinflammatory cytokines. in addition, we demonstrated that tlr ... | 2020 | 32340172 |
| medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation. | ongoing challenges in the swine industry, such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks (e.g., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, african swine fever virus), have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production. medium-chain fatty acids (mcfas) and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions, including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens. in this review, we summarize recent studies ... | 2020 | 32337029 |
| assessing the effects of medium-chain fatty acids and fat sources on pedv infectivity. | the overall objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) to other common fat sources to minimize the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) cross-contamination in a pig bioassay. treatments were feed with mitigants inoculated with pedv after application and were: 1) positive control with no chemical treatment; 2) 0.325% commercially available formaldehyde-based product; 3) 1% blend of 1:1:1 caproic (c6), caprylic (c8), and capric acids (c10) and ... | 2020 | 32289114 |
| field trials evaluating the efficacy of porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine, rna (harrisvaccine) in the philippines. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a devastating enteric disease causing economic losses in many countries including the philippines. to control ped, apart from oral administration of minced intestinal materials, there are still no effective control methods. the ability of porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine rna particle platform (ped-rp) to induce antibody in colostrum and milk samples was investigated in two pig herds with a differing ped status in the philippines. herd-a was naïve but herd-b wa ... | 2020 | 32279241 |
| origin and epidemic status of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variants in china. | from 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants caused sequential outbreaks of disease in asia and the united states. in this retrospective study, 49 complete spike (s) gene sequences were obtained from pedv strains collected in china from 2014 to 2016. we observed that variant pedv strains with novel insertions, deletions, and multiple s gene recombination types were present in china. in addition, mixed infections involving different variant strains were observed in some areas. based ... | 2020 | 31793242 |
| low-level contamination of deoxynivalenol: a threat from environmental toxins to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly present in the global environment, especially in cereals and animal forages. the changing global environment may further increase the exposure to these toxins, posing a serious threat to humans and animals. recently, coronavirus has become one of the most important pathogens threatening human and animal health. it is not clear whether environmental toxins, such as mycotoxins, will affect coronavirus infection. given that p ... | 2020 | 32673909 |
| inactivating three interferon antagonists attenuates pathogenesis of an enteric coronavirus. | coronaviruses (covs) have repeatedly emerged from wildlife hosts and infected humans and livestock animals to cause epidemics with significant morbidity and mortality. covs infect various organs, including respiratory and enteric systems, as exemplified by newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). the constellation of viral factors that contribute to developing enteric disease remains elusive. here, we investigated cov interferon antagonists for their contributi ... | 2020 | 32554697 |
| cloning, prokaryotic soluble expression, and analysis of antiviral activity of two novel feline ifn-ω proteins. | cats are becoming more popular as household companions and pets, forming close relationships with humans. although feline viral diseases can pose serious health hazards to pet cats, commercialized preventative vaccines are lacking. interferons (ifns), especially type i ifns (ifn-α, ifn-β, and interferon omega (ifn-ω)), have been explored as effective therapeutic drugs against viral diseases in cats. nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding feline ifn-ω (feifn-ω), compared to ifn-α and ... | 2020 | 32204464 |
| rapid selective detection of potentially infectious porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus exposed to heat treatments using viability rt-qpcr. | coronaviruses (covs) cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of the coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), a highly contagious intestinal disease affecting pigs of all ages. in this study, we optimized a viability real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) for the selective detection of infectious and heat ... | 2020 | 32973701 |
| receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors block proliferation of tgev mainly through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. | emerging coronaviruses (covs) primarily cause severe gastroenteric or respiratory diseases in humans and animals, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. here, a9, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rtki) of the tyrphostin class, is identified as a robust inhibitor of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection in cell-based assays. moreover, a9 exhibited potent antiviral activity against the replication of various covs, including murine hepatitis virus (mhv), porcine e ... | 2020 | 31751591 |
| structural basis of sars-cov-2 main protease inhibition by a broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral drug. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), took tens of thousands of lives and caused tremendous economic losses. the main protease (mpro) of sars-cov-2 is a potential target for treatment of covid-19 due to its critical role in maturation of viral proteins and subsequent viral replication. conceptually and technically, targeting therapy against mpro is similar to target therapy t ... | 2020 | 32905393 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis reveals antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of puerarin in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide in recent years. puerarin (pr), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the chinese herb gegen, possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. this study was conducted with both pedv-infected african green monkey kidney cells (vero) and neonatal pigs to determine the effect of pr on pedv infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by u ... | 2020 | 32174911 |
| vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals. | the current pandemic of covid-19 has set off an urgent search for an effective vaccine. this search may well benefit from the experiences of the animal health profession in the development and use of coronavirus vaccines in domestic animal species. these animal vaccines will in no way protect humans against covid-19 but knowledge of the difficulties encountered in vaccinating animals may help avoid or minimize similar problems arising in humans. diverse coronaviruses can infect the domestic spec ... | 2020 | 32563608 |
| integrin αvβ3 enhances replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus on vero e6 and porcine intestinal epithelial cells. | the entry mechanism of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) remains unclear, especially the virus receptor. our previous study revealed a potential correlation between integrin αvβ3 and pedv infection. in the current study, the effect of overexpression, silencing, antibody inhibition, and co-expression with porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) of integrin αvβ3 on pedv infection was investigated and analyzed in african green monkey vero e6 cells and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) using t ... | 2019 | 31585640 |
| nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs. | virus infections possess persistent health challenges in swine industry leading to severe economic losses worldwide. the economic burden caused by virus infections such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine influenza virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine circovirus 2, foot and mouth disease virus and many others are associated with severe morbidity, mortality, loss of production, trade restrictions and investments in control and prevention practices. pigs can al ... | 2019 | 31694705 |
| identification of novel proteolytically inactive mutations in coronavirus 3c-like protease using a combined approach. | coronaviruses (covs) infect humans and multiple other animal species, causing highly prevalent and severe diseases. 3c-like proteases (3clpros) from covs (also called main proteases) are essential for viral replication and are also involved in polyprotein cleavage and immune regulation, making them attractive and effective targets for the development of antiviral drugs. herein, the 3clpro from the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, an enteropathogenic cov, was used as a model to identify novel cru ... | 2019 | 31690127 |
| coronavirus endoribonuclease activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus suppresses type i and type iii interferon responses. | identifying viral antagonists of innate immunity and determining if they contribute to pathogenesis are critical for developing effective strategies to control emerging viruses. previously, we reported that an endoribonuclease (endou) encoded by murine coronavirus plays a pivotal role in evasion of host innate immune defenses in macrophages. here, we asked if the endou activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (pedv), which causes acute diarrhea in swine, plays a role in antagonizing the ... | 2019 | 30728254 |
| susceptibility of porcine ipi-2i intestinal epithelial cells to infection with swine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronavirus (cov) is an important group of pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets. at least four kinds of swine enteric covs have been identified, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and the emerging hku2-like porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (peav). the small intestines, particularly the jejunum and ileum, are the most common targets of these four covs in vivo, and co-infections by these cov ... | 2019 | 31176408 |
| a taqman-probe-based multiplex real-time rt-qpcr for simultaneous detection of porcine enteric coronaviruses. | swine enteric coronaviruses are a group of most significant pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets with similar clinical symptoms and pathological changes. to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, and high-throughput detection method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis on swine enteric coronaviruses, specific primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved regions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) n, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) m, porcine deltacoronavirus ( ... | 2019 | 31025076 |
| restriction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by galectin-1. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes great economic losses to the swine industry globally; however, effective control measures for this virus are limited. here, we screened a porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cdna library with a yeast two-hybrid system to reveal that galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous innate immune protein encoded by lgals1, interacts with nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) of prrsv. western blotting and viral titer assays indicated that gal-1 overexpr ... | 2019 | 31383318 |
| identification of diverse bat alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in china provides new insights into the evolution and origin of coronavirus-related diseases. | outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2002, middle east respiratory syndrome in 2012 and fatal swine acute diarrhea syndrome in 2017 caused serious infectious diseases in humans and in livestock, resulting in serious public health threats and huge economic losses. all such coronaviruses (covs) were confirmed to originate from bats. to continuously monitor the epidemic-related covs in bats, virome analysis was used to classify covs from 831 bats of 15 species in yunnan, guangxi ... | 2019 | 31474969 |
| preparation and characterization of a single-domain antibody specific for the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a diarrheal disease of swine caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). it is characterized by acute watery diarrhea, dehydration and vomiting in swine of all ages and is especially fatal for neonatal and postweaning piglets. the spike protein of pedv plays an important role in mediating virus attachment and fusion to target cells, and recent studies also reported that the neutralizing epitopes of the spike protein were mainly located in the s1 subunit, ... | 2019 | 31300902 |
| oral vitamin a supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected gilts enhances iga and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets. | vitamin a (va) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system and is critical for mucosal immune function and intestinal lymphocyte trafficking. we hypothesized that oral va supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)-infected pregnant gilts would enhance the gut-mammary gland-secretory iga axis to boost lactogenic immunity and passive protection of nursing piglets against pedv challenge. gilts received daily oral retinyl acetate (30 000 iu) starting at gestation day 76 throughout la ... | 2019 | 31783923 |
| manipulation of intestinal antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion strategies of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection causes watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in neonatal pigs, due to its clinical pathogenesis of the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. the host's innate immune system is the first line of defence upon virus invasion of the small intestinal epithelial cells. in turn, the virus has evolved to modulate the host's innate immunity during infection, resulting in pathogen virulence, survival, and the establishment of successful infecti ... | 2019 | 31781594 |
| simultaneous detection of five pig viruses associated with enteric disease in pigs using evagreen real-time pcr combined with melting curve analysis. | in recent years, a series of porcine diarrhea viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotaviruses of group a (rva), rotaviruses of group c (rvc), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) caused enormous economic losses all over the world. while any of these viruses is capable to cause disease alone, there is often concurrent infection with more than one virus on pig farms. in this study, a multiplex real-time pcr method based on evagreen fluores ... | 2019 | 30844408 |
| aminopeptidase n-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. the major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithel ... | 2019 | 31515498 |
| two critical n-terminal epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | both porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which cause high mortality in piglets and produce similar clinical symptoms and histopathological morphology, belong to the genus alphacoronavirus. serological diagnosis plays an important role in distinguishing pathogen species. together with the spike (s) protein, the nucleocapsid (n) protein is one of the immunodominant regions among coronaviruses. in this study, two-way antigenic cross-reacti ... | 2019 | 30652967 |
| mortalin restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry by downregulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a mechanism used for the invasion of cells by a variety of viruses. mortalin protein is involved in a variety of cellular functions and plays a role in viral infection. in this study, we found that mortalin significantly inhibited the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through restricting virus entry. mechanistically, a biochemical interaction between the carboxyl terminus of mortalin and clathrin heavy chain (cltc) was been found, and mortalin ... | 2019 | 31767073 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrheic and non-diarrheic samples from pig farms with neonatal diarrhea in the north east of spain. | diarrhea is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality in pigs. in the present study, 31 pig farms with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea were investigated in catalonia (ne spain) from february 2017 until june 2018. two hundred and fifteen diarrheic samples from 1 to 7 days old piglets were tested for a panel of enteric pathogens. in 19 of the studied farms additional fecal samples from apparently healthy pen-mates were collected and tested for the same panel of infectious agents. samples were b ... | 2019 | 31585655 |
| molecular characteristics of a novel recombinant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a contagious viral disease in pigs, caused by the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). pedv infection results in significant mortality in piglets in unvaccinated herds. like many others rna viruses, pedv has high evolutionary rate and is prone to genetic mutations. in this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequence of the recently sequenced isolate pedv/belgorod/dom/2008. a recombination event in s gene of pedv/belgorod/dom/2008 was detected ... | 2019 | 30725181 |
| detection and differentiation of five diarrhea related pig viruses utilizing a multiplex pcr assay. | porcine viral diarrhea, mainly caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (rva), porcine group c rotaviruses (rvc) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), is a serious global problem, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. for fast and reliable diagnosis of the causative agent associated with viral diarrhea in pigs, an inexpensive and easy to perform gel-based multiplex pcr assay was developed in thi ... | 2019 | 30336161 |
| multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. we used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (cmfd) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-north american genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method and mic ... | 2019 | 30947641 |
| resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase n-deficient pigs. | the alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. the biological relevance of amino peptidase n (anpep) as a putative receptor for tgev and pedv in pigs was evaluated by using crispr/cas9 to edit exon 2 of anpep resulting in a premature stop codon. knockout pigs possessing the null anpep phenoty ... | 2019 | 30315482 |
| pedv and pdcov pathogenesis: the interplay between host innate immune responses and porcine enteric coronaviruses. | enteropathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), members of the coronavirus family, account for the majority of lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs in the past decade. these two viruses pose significant economic and public health burdens, even as both continue to emerge and reemerge worldwide. the ability to evade, circumvent or subvert the host's first line of defense, namely the innate immune system, is the key determinant for pathogen virulence ... | 2019 | 30854373 |
| cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol. | cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) has been shown lately to be a host restriction factor that encodes an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidized form of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc). a series of studies have shown that 25hc activity in hosts plays a vital role in inhibiting viral infection. in this study, we explored the antiviral effect of ch25h and 25hc on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets with severe diarrhea, and consider ... | 2019 | 30955800 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of porcine adenoviruses in pigs with diarrhea in thailand. | pigs have been assumed as a source of human viral infections. surveillance of viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine economic impact. a number of studies focused mainly on well- known enteritis viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prva), however, little data is available for porcine adenovirus (padv). in this study, the presence of padv was inves ... | 2019 | 30391718 |
| serological screening for coronavirus infections in cats. | coronaviruses (covs) are widespread among mammals and birds and known for their potential for cross-species transmission. in cats, infections with feline coronaviruses (fcovs) are common. several non-feline coronaviruses have been reported to infect feline cells as well as cats after experimental infection, supported by their ability to engage the feline receptor ortholog for cell entry. however, whether cats might become naturally infected with covs of other species is unknown. we analyzed coro ... | 2019 | 31412572 |
| dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based real-time rt-pcr assay for accurate differentiation of four major viruses causing porcine viral diarrhea. | currently in china, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine rotavirus (porv), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) are the major causes of porcine viral diarrhea, and mixed infections in clinics are common, resulting in significant economic losses in pig industry. here, a dual priming oligonucleotide (dpo)-based multiplex real-time sybr green rt-pcr assay were developed for accurately differentiating pedv, tgev, porv, and pdcov in clinical spec ... | 2019 | 31415867 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine diarrhea associated viruses in southern china from 2012 to 2018. | in china, large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea caused by viruses have occurred in pigs since late 2010. to investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, a total of 2987 field diarrheal samples collected from 168 pig farms in five provinces in southern china during 2012-2018 were tested. | 2019 | 31881873 |
| significant inhibition of re-emerged and emerging swine enteric coronavirus in vitro using the multiple shrna expression vector. | swine enteric coronaviruses (secovs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (sads-cov), and porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) have emerged and been prevalent in pig populations in china for the last several years. however, current traditional inactivated and attenuated pedv vaccines are of limited efficacy against circulating pedv variants, and there are no commercial vaccines for prevention of pdcov and sads-cov. rna interference (rnai) is a ... | 2019 | 30905822 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus not detected in waterfowl in the north american mississippi migratory bird flyway in 2013. | cloacal swab samples collected from 538 migratory waterfowl along the mississippi migratory bird flyway in 2013 were tested for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus. neither virus was detected in any of the samples, indicating that waterfowl likely did not contribute to the rapid spread of these viruses within central us. | 2019 | 29953312 |
| recombinant chimeric transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) - porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) virus provides protection against virulent pedv. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an enteric coronavirus causing high morbidity and mortality in porcine herds worldwide. although both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used, the emergence of highly virulent strains and the recurrent outbreaks even in vaccinated farms highlight the need of effective vaccines. engineering of genetically defined live attenuated vaccines is a rational approach for novel vaccine development. in this line, we engineered an attenu ... | 2019 | 31349683 |
| emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (sads-cov) are emerging/reemerging coronaviruses (covs). they cause acute gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. sequence analyses suggest that pedv and sads-cov may have originated from bat covs and pdcov from a sparrow cov, reaffirming the interspecies transmission of covs. the clinical signs and pathogenesis of the three viruses are similar. necrosis of infected intestinal epi ... | 2019 | 30654269 |
| porcine intestinal enteroids: a new model for studying enteric coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection and the host innate response. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of the group of alphacoronaviruses, is the pathogen of a highly contagious gastrointestinal swine disease. the elucidation of the events associated with the intestinal epithelial response to pedv infection has been limited by the absence of good in vitro porcine intestinal models that recapitulate the multicellular complexity of the gastrointestinal tract. here, we generated swine enteroids from the intestinal crypt stem cells of the duodenum, jej ... | 2019 | 30541861 |
| a conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence. | coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded rna viruses that are distributed worldwide. they include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), many of which seriously endanger human health and well-being. only alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses harbor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), which performs multip ... | 2019 | 31350335 |
| a minimally replicative vaccine protects vaccinated piglets against challenge with the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), is an economically important enteric coronavirus, with over a 90% mortality rate in neonatal piglets. the virus emerged in the us in 2013, resulting in severe production losses. effective vaccine development against pedv is a challenge. inactivated vaccines are of questionable efficacy. attenuated vaccines, while more effective, require a relatively long lead development time, are associated with safety concerns and are also unable to prevent new field out ... | 2019 | 31696121 |
| microarray analysis reveals the inhibition of intestinal expression of nutrient transporters in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection can induce intestinal dysfunction, resulting in severe diarrhea and even death, but the mode of action underlying these viral effects remains unclear. this study determined the effects of pedv infection on intestinal absorption and the expression of genes for nutrient transporters via biochemical tests and microarray analysis. sixteen 7-day-old healthy piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated to one of two groups. after 5-day adaption, ... | 2019 | 31875021 |
| application of rnascope technology to studying the infection dynamics of a chinese porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant strain bj2011c in neonatal piglets. | the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants cause the death of mainly neonatal piglets, but how the viruses spread within the gastro-intestinal tract in a temporal and spatial manner has remained poorly characterized but is critical to understand the viral pathogenesis. in this study, we used the chinese pedv epidemic strain bj2011c as a model organism and took advantage of the newly developed rnascope in situ hybridization technology to investigate the tempo-spatial infe ... | 2019 | 31383305 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus orf3 protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress to facilitate autophagy. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the causative agent of ped, is an enveloped, positive-stranded rna virus in the genus alphacoronavirus, family coronaviridae, order nidovirales. pedv non-structural accessory protein orf3 is an ion channel related to viral infectivity and pathogenicity. our previous study showed that pedv orf3 has expression characteristic of aggregation in cytoplasm, but its biological function remains elusive. thus in this study, we initiated the construction of various ... | 2019 | 31383304 |
| development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant s1 for serological testing of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe infectious diseases in all ages of swine and leads to serious economic losses. serologic tests are widely accepted and used to detect anti-pedv antibodies that could indicate pedv infection or vaccination. in this study, pedv recombinant s1 protein (rs1) was expressed with the bac-to-bac system and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on rs1 (rs1-elisa) was then developed and optimized ... | 2019 | 30707600 |
| epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus among chinese pig populations: a meta-analysis. | porcine epidemic diarrhea results from infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). it is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in swine characterized by watery diarrhea and vomiting. here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess the prevalence of pedv infection in pig populations from mainland china. | 2019 | 30682525 |
| identifying outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus through animal movements and spatial neighborhoods. | the spread of pathogens in swine populations is in part determined by movements of animals between farms. however, understanding additional characteristics that predict disease outbreaks and uncovering landscape factors related to between-farm spread are crucial steps toward risk mitigation. this study integrates animal movements with environmental risk factors to identify the occurrence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) outbreaks. using weekly farm-level incidence data from 332 sow farm ... | 2019 | 30679594 |
| limited shedding of an s-indel strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in semen and questions regarding the infectivity of the detected virus. | pedv is mainly transmitted by the oro-fecal route although pedv shedding in semen has already been shown for an s-non-indel pedv strain infection. the aim of this study was to determine if pedv can be shed in semen from spf (specific pathogens free) boars infected by a french s-indel pedv strain (pedv/fr/001/2014) and in case of positive semen to determine the infectivity of that semen. both infected boars had diarrhea after inoculation and shed virus in feces. pedv genome was also detected by r ... | 2019 | 30593368 |
| the enhanced replication of an s-intact pedv during coinfection with an s1 ntd-del pedv in piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants having a large deletion in the n-terminal domain of the s1 subunit of spike (s) protein were designated as s1 ntd-del pedvs. they replicate well in experimentally infected pigs. however, on farms they often co-infect pigs with the pedv containing an intact s protein (s-intact pedv). we aimed to characterize viral replication and pathogenesis in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs infected simultaneously with the two types of pedv using two recombinant pedvs: ... | 2019 | 30593369 |
| evaluation on the efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant dna plasmids expressing s gene from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and vp7 gene from porcine rotavirus. | porcine rotavirus (porv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) usually co-infect pigs in modern large-scale piggery, which both can cause severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and lead to significant economic losses to the pig industry. the vp7 protein is the main coat protein of porv, and the s protein is the main structural protein of pedv, which are capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. in this study, a dna vaccine ppi-2.egfp.vp7.s co-expressing vp7 protein of porv and s prot ... | 2019 | 30637649 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. the objective of this study was to assess griffithsin's inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the results showed that griffithsin reduced pedv infection of vero cells by approximately 82.8%. moreover, using time-of-addition assays and rt-qpcr, we found that delayed addition of griffithsin had a weaker inhibitory effect on pedv than earlier treatment. the mechanism of griffithsin's action agai ... | 2019 | 30637608 |
| pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pc22a strain in conventional weaned pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes diarrhea in all ages of pigs with 50-100% mortality rates in neonatal piglets. in the united states, inactivated and subunit pedv vaccines for pregnant sows are available, but fail to induce sufficient protection in neonatal piglets farrowed from pedv naïve sows. a safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccine that can prime mucosal immune responses is urgently needed. in this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of two attenuated pedv vaccine ... | 2019 | 30634958 |
| mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant bacillus subtilis expressing the coe antigen of pedv in newborn piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets and causes substantial economic losses in the world. ped virus (pedv) spreads by fecal-oral contact and can be prevented by oral immunization. therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective oral vaccine against pedv infection. currently, bacillus subtilis as recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved well in immune effect and safety. the present study evaluated the immunogenicity ... | 2019 | 30808716 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp4 induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression inhibiting viral replication in vitro. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe economic loss in the pig industry each year. to better understand the relationship between cytokines and pedv replication, in this study, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression profiles in vero cells infected with pedv were analyzed. real-time quantitative pcr assay indicated that il-1α, il-1β, tnf-α, ccl2, ccl5 and cxcl8 expression levels were significantly upregulated. moreover, overexpression and sirna silencing assays showed th ... | 2019 | 30799511 |
| forecasting herd-level porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) frequency trends in ontario (canada). | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged in north america in 2013. the first case of pedv in canada was identified on an ontario farm in january 2014. surveillance was instrumental in identifying the initial case and in minimizing the spread of the virus to other farms. with recent advances in predictive analytics showing promise for health and disease forecasting, the primary objective of this study was to apply machine learning predictive methods (random forest, artificial neural network ... | 2019 | 30771890 |
| development of a sybr green i-based duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine circovirus 3. | the development of a rapid, specific, and sensitive sybr green i-based duplex real-time quantitative pcr assay is described for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine circovirus type 3 (pcv3). the assay specifically detected pedv and pcv3, with no fluorescence detected for other non-targeted pig pathogens. the assay showed a good linear relationship, and the limits of detection for this assay were 34.6 copies/μl and 61.2 copies/μl for pedv and pcv3, resp ... | 2019 | 30735700 |
| effect of route of inoculation on innate and adaptive immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling pigs. | the effects of route of administration on systemic and gut mucosal immune responses induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection in suckling pigs were investigated. twenty-four conventional 5-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were inoculated orally, intranasally (i.n.), intramuscularly (i.m.) with pedv or dmem (mock). pigs were monitored daily for clinical signs and fecal viral load. blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 days post infection (d ... | 2019 | 30593385 |
| global mapping of h3k4 trimethylation (h3k4me3) and transcriptome analysis reveal genes involved in the response to epidemic diarrhea virus infections in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is currently detected as the main pathogen causing severe diarrhea in pig farms. the phenotypic alterations induced by pathogenic infections are usually tightly linked with marked changes in epigenetic modification and gene expression. we performed global mapping of h3k4 trimethylation (h3k4me3) and transcriptomic analyses in the jejunum of pedv-infected and healthy piglets using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and rna-seq techniques. a total of 18 ... | 2019 | 31382472 |
| gtpase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (g3bp1) plays an antiviral role against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) is a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus that belongs to the coronaviridae. pedv causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration in nursing piglets, which leads to significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. stress granules (sgs) are sites of mrna storage that are formed under various stress conditions including viral infections. increasing evidence suggests that sgs function in antiviral innate immunity of host cells to limit virus replicat ... | 2019 | 31500725 |
| specific recombinant proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are immunogenic, revealing their potential use as diagnostic markers. | given the highly contagious and acute nature of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), especially in piglets, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays. the diagnostic potentials of specific porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) accessory and nonstructural proteins, if any, have not yet been investigated. in order to determine and compare which of the viral proteins may be useful as diagnostic antigens, whole virus (wv) particles and a panel of structural an ... | 2019 | 31500721 |
| dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 supplementation alleviates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by improving intestinal structure and immune response in weaned pigs. | we conducted this experiment to determine if feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (25(oh)d3) to weaned pigs would alleviate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection and immune response. forty-two weaned pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary 25(oh)d3 treatments (5.5, 5.5, 43.0, 80.5, 118.0, 155.5 μg 25(oh)d3/kg diet) for 26 days. on day 22 of the trial, all the treatments were orally administrated with pedv except for one of the 5.5 μg 25(oh)d3/kg treatments, which was challenged with the same vol ... | 2019 | 31470619 |
| proteases facilitate the endosomal escape of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during entry into host cells. | exogenous and endogenous proteases play important roles in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) entry and replication. the roles of proteases in the viral endosomal escape and replication using trypsin (kd) or elastase (aa)-adapted us pedv strains were studied. while pedv kd and aa require different exogenous protease for efficient replication in cells, pedv kd was more dependent on the protease than pedv aa. there was no marked difference in viral trafficking between them during the entry eve ... | 2019 | 31445102 |
| development and comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on recombinant trimeric full-length and truncated spike proteins for detecting antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | since 2010, outbreaks of genotype 2 (g2) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have caused high mortality in neonatal piglets and have had devastating impacts on the swine industry in many countries. a reliable serological assay for evaluating the pedv-specific humoral and mucosal immune response is important for disease survey, monitoring the efficacy of immunization, and designing strategies for the prevention and control of ped. two pedv spike (s) glycoprotein-based indirect enzyme-linked im ... | 2019 | 31775769 |
| enhancement of antigen-specific humoral immune responses and protein solubility through conjugation of bacterial flagellin, vibrio vulnificus flab, to the n-terminus of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus surface protein antigen s0. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious enteric swine disease. the large economic impact of ped on the swine industry worldwide has made the development of an effective ped vaccine a necessity. s0, a truncated region of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) spike protein, has been suggested as a candidate antigen for ped subunit vaccines; however, poor solubility problems when the protein is expressed in escherichia coli, and the inherent problems of subunit vaccines, such as ... | 2019 | 31775197 |
| antiviral activity of piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo. | swine-origin virus infection spreading widely could cause significant economic loss to porcine industry. novel antiviral agents need to be developed to control this situation. | 2019 | 31366370 |
| generation and protective efficacy of a cold-adapted attenuated genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the recent emergence and re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, safe, and effective vaccines against the prevailing strain. in this study, we generated a cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine candidate (aram-p29-ca) by short-term passage of a virulent pedv isolate at successively lower temperatures in vero cells. whole genome sequencing identified 12 amino acid changes in the cold-adapted strain with no insertions and deleti ... | 2019 | 31364317 |
| antiviral activity of interleukin-11 as a response to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | interleukin-11 (il-11), a well-known anti-inflammatory factor, provides protection from intestinal epithelium damage caused by physical or chemical factors. however, little is known of the role of il-11 during viral infections. in this study, il-11 expression at mrna and protein levels were found to be high in vero cells and the jejunum of piglets during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, while il-11 expression was found to be positively correlated with the level of viral infectio ... | 2019 | 31864417 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pigs. | in recent years, many studies have shown that recombinant adenovirus live vector-based vaccines are a promising novel vaccine candidate against virus infection. therefore, in this study, a new type of recombinant adenovirus expressing the spike (s) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), rad-pedv-s, was generated, and its characteristics were determined. then, its efficacy as a vaccine candidate was evaluated in 4-week-old pigs. the results showed that the s protein could be well expr ... | 2019 | 31687402 |
| emerging highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: molecular mechanisms of attenuation and rational design of live attenuated vaccines. | the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged in china in 2010. it infects pigs of all ages, and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn pigs, leading to devastating economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. effective and safe vaccines against highly virulent pedv strains are still unavailable, hampering the further prevention, control and eradication of the disease in herds. vaccination of pregnant sows with live attenuated vaccines (lavs) is the mo ... | 2019 | 31689903 |
| investigation of the role of the spike protein in reversing the virulence of the highly virulent taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pintung 52 strains and its attenuated counterpart. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against pedv has been developed. in this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent ipedvpt-p5, attenuated ipedvpt-p96, and two chimeric viruses (ipedvpt-p5-96s and ipedvpt-p96-5s) with the reciprocally exchanged spike (s) gene, to study the role of the s gene in pedv pathogenesis. a deeper understanding o ... | 2019 | 31905842 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea altered colonic microbiota communities in suckling piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a major gastrointestinal disease afflicting suckling pigs that causes huge industrial economic losses. in this study, we investigated microbiota from the colonic mucosa and content in healthy and ped piglets. high-throughput 16s rrna gene sequencing was performed to identify inter-group differences. firmicutes, fusobacteria, proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes were the top four affected phyla. the proportion of proteobacteria was higher in infected than in health ... | 2019 | 31905830 |