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enhanced early expression of membrane receptors with the rous sarcoma virus promoter in baculovirus-infected insect cells.the effect of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat enhancer/promoter on expression levels of complementary dnas (cdnas) encoding seven transmembrane receptors was studied using the baculovirus expression vector system. expression of the human α(2b)-adrenoceptor (ar) cdna under the control of the polyhedrin (pol) promoter produced up to 7.6 pmol/mg protein at 28 h post infection (p.i.) in sf9 cells. the addition of the rsv promoter increased the expression to 11.6 pmol/mg protein. dr ...201223586865
regulation of tight junctions in upper airway epithelium.the mucosal barrier of the upper respiratory tract including the nasal cavity, which is the first site of exposure to inhaled antigens, plays an important role in host defense in terms of innate immunity and is regulated in large part by tight junctions of epithelial cells. tight junction molecules are expressed in both m cells and dendritic cells as well as epithelial cells of upper airway. various antigens are sampled, transported, and released to lymphocytes through the cells in nasal mucosa ...201223509817
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a dual subunit vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are the most significant pathogens causing respiratory tract diseases. composite vaccines are useful in reducing the number of vaccination and confer protection against multiple infectious agents. in this study, we generated fusion of rsv g protein core fragment (amino acid residues 131 to 230) and influenza ha1 globular head domain (amino acid residues 62 to 284) as a dual vaccine candidate. this fusion protein, gcf-ha1, was bacterially expr ...201223396871
use of rapid human respiratory syncytial virus strip tests for detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally vaccinated calves.three different rapid strip tests: tru rsv, binaxnow rsv and rsv respi-strip were compared with rt-pcr and elisa brsv ag for the ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in nasal swabs collected from calves experimentally vaccinated with live vaccine rispoval rs-pi3. the reference strains of brsv (375 and a51908) were detected by elisa brsv ag whereas the strains of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) were not. all rapid stri ...201223390751
[differences of the regulation on the expression of mucin 1 induced by two single-strand rna viruses, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus].to investigate whether influenza virus (ifz) could up-regulate the expression of mucin 1 (muc1) which exists in epithelial cells of upper respiratory track to restrict the inflammation, as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) does. quantitative rt-pcr and western blot were performed to detect the expression level of muc1 induced by two single-strand rna viruses in a549 cell lines. hep-2 and mdck cells were used respectively to culture rsv and ifz. at 24h post a549 cells infection with the same tite ...201223367563
respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in louisiana.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year of age worldwide. records indicative of rsv cases were pulled from the louisiana inpatient hospital discharge data based on rsv diagnosis codes to describe the burden of rsv infections in louisiana from 1999 to 2010. two thousand to three thousand hospitalized rsv cases occurred each year, with rates ranging from 37.2 to 71.4 hospitalizations per 100,000 population and the majorit ...201223362592
[prevalence of h1n1 a influenza virus infection among hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis twelve months old and younger].many pathogens have been reported to ause bronchiolitis during the winter season including he respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza, oetapneumovirus, etc. the last h1n1 a influenza pandemic ccurred during the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) eason. the role of the pandemic influenza strain as a ause of bronchiolitis was not documented.201223350292
neonatal calf infection with respiratory syncytial virus: drawing parallels to the disease in human infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infections. it is estimated that rsv infections result in more than 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. bovine rsv is a cause of enzootic pneumonia in young dairy calves and summer pneumonia in nursing beef calves. furthermore, bovine rsv plays a significant role in bovine respiratory disease complex, the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among feedlot cattle. infection of cal ...201223342375
the pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) model of acute respiratory infection.pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) is related to the human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogens, and has been used to study respiratory virus replication and the ensuing inflammatory response as a component of a natural host—pathogen relationship. as such, pvm infection in mice reproduces many of the clinical and pathologic features of the more severe forms of rsv infection in human infants. here we review some of the most recent findings on the basic biology of pvm infection and it ...201223342367
respiratory syncytial virus persistence in macrophages alters the profile of cellular gene expression.viruses can persistently infect differentiated cells through regulation of expression of both their own genes and those of the host cell, thereby evading detection by the host’s immune system and achieving residence in a non-lytic state. models in vitro with cell lines are useful tools in understanding the mechanisms associated with the establishment of viral persistence. in particular, a model to study respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) persistence in a murine macrophage-like cell line has been ...201223342359
value of chest radiographic pattern in rsv disease of the newborn: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection is the most common viral respiratory infection in infants. several authors have sought to determine which risk factors are the best predictors for severe rsv disease. our aim was to evaluate if a specific chest radiographic pattern in rsv disease can predict the disease severity. we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in term and preterm neonates with confirmed lower respiratory tract rsv infection, admitted to ne ...201223304470
[viruses and clinical features associated with hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in lhasa, tibet].to investigate the viral etiology and clinical features of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in tibet.201223302560
the incidence and clinical burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease identified through hospital outpatient presentations in kenyan children.there is little information that describe the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated disease in the tropical african outpatient setting.201223300695
combination therapy using monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein protects from rsv disease in balb/c mice.therapeutic options to control respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are limited, thus development of new therapeutics is high priority. previous studies with a monoclonal antibody (mab) reactive to an epitope proximal to the central conserved region (ccr) of rsv g protein (mab 131-2g) showed therapeutic efficacy for reducing pulmonary inflammation rsv infection in balb/c mice. here, we show a protective effect in rsv-infected mice therapeutically treated with a mab (130-6d) reactive to an epitope w ...201223300550
[prophylaxis against respiratory viral disease in pediatric and adult patients undergoing solid organ and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation].respiratory viruses have been identified as a cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing sot and hsct, specially in children. the most frequent are respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza (flu), parainfluenza (pi) and adenovirus (adv). these infections are associated with progression to severe lower respiratory tract infections in up to 60% of the cases. it is advised to apply universal protection recommendations for respiratory viruses (a2) and some specific measures for flu a ...201223282554
potent anti-respiratory syncytial virus activity of a cholestanol-sulfated tetrasaccharide conjugate.a number of different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) initiate infection of cells by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans and sulfated oligo- and polysaccharide mimetics of these receptors exhibit potent antiviral activity in cultured cells. we investigated whether the introduction of different lipophilic groups to the reducing end of sulfated oligosaccharides would modulate their anti-rsv activity. our results demonstrate that the cholestanol-conjugated tetrasaccharide ...201222101246
clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus associated hospitalization in urban thai infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza infections are among the leading cause of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in children especially among those younger than 1 year of age. few descriptions of these 2 important viruses in thai children less than 1 year of age have been published.201122043771
characterization of human metapneumovirus from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in a 4-year period in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered by scientists in the netherlands as a novel respiratory virus in 2001 and had been found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in china. the objective of this study was to determine the importance of hmpv infection in children in beijing and the genotypes of the circulating virus by the surveillance during a four-consecutive-year period.201121740766
respiratory syncytial virus binds and undergoes transcription in neutrophils from the blood and airways of infants with severe bronchiolitis.neutrophils are the predominant cell in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. although it has previously been shown that neutrophils from both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) are activated, little is understood about their role in response to rsv infection. this study investigated whether rsv proteins and mrna are present in neutrophils from blood and bal of infected infants.201121742845
p2 of Rice stripe virus (RSV) interacts with OsSGS3 and is a silencing suppressor.A rice cDNA library was screened by a galactosidase 4 (Gal4)-based yeast two-hybrid system with Rice stripe virus (RSV) p2 as bait. The results revealed that RSV p2 interacted with a rice protein exhibiting a high degree of identity with Arabidopsis thaliana suppressor of gene silencing 3 (AtSGS3). The interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. SGS3 has been shown to be involved in sense transgene-induced RNA silencing and in the biogenesis of trans-acting small ...201121726383
Preschool asthma after bronchiolitis in infancy.Asthma risk is lower after wheezing associated with RSV than with non-RSV infection in infancy. RSV is the main wheezing-associated virus in infants aged <6 months. We evaluated the outcome of children hospitalised for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age, with special focus on viral etiology and early risk factors. Out of 205 infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis at <6 months of age, 127 (62%) attended the control visit at age (mean) 6.5 years, and the parents of additional 39 children were inter ...201121700604
respiratory syncytial virus prevention in children with congenital heart disease: who and how?respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infection in children. most of the pediatric population have rsv infection before the age of 2, and recurrent infections are common even within one season. chronic lung disease, prematurity, along with congenital heart disease (chd) are major risk factors in severe lower respiratory infection. in hemo-dynamically significant chd patients with rsv infection, hospitalization is usually needed and the possibility of treatment in inte ...201121829410
RSV 2010: Recent advances in research on respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are important causes of acute respiratory tract disease in infants, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. The Seventh International RSV symposium was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from December 2-5, 2010. This symposium is the flagship event for leading investigators engaged in RSV and HMPV research around the world. The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum to review recent advances in research on RSV, HM ...201121827813
comparative dynamics, morbidity and mortality burden of pediatric viral respiratory infections in an equatorial city.: although acute respiratory infections (aris) are the global leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, the relative impact of viral pathogens on pediatric aris is still poorly understood, especially in equatorial settings. long-term studies of multiple viruses concurrently circulating in these regions are still lacking. here, we report the results of a systematic prospective surveillance of multiple respiratory viruses conducted every weekday for nearly a decade in an equatorial city ...201122001966
rna viruses in young nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia.pneumonia is among the leading causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age worldwide. there is little information on the viral etiology of severe pneumonia in low-income countries, where the disease burden is particularly high.201121860338
[respiratory syncytial virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with primary immunodeficiencies].to understand the clinical characteristics and outcome associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipients with primary immunodeficiencies (pids).201122088176
Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis.BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of parallel detection of multiple viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between the detection of multiple viruses by RT-PCR and disease severity in children with bronchiolitis. METHODS: Children less than 2 years of age with clinical symptoms of bronchiolitis were prospectively included during three winter seasons. Patients were categorized in three groups based on disease severity; mild (n ...201121901859
Respiratory syncytial virus--the unrecognised cause of health and economic burden among young children in Australia.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) presents very similar to influenza and is the principle cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children worldwide. Yet, there is no systematic monitoring of RSV activity in Australia. This study uses existing published data sources to estimate incidence, hospitalisation rates, and associated costs of RSV among young children in Australia. Published reports from the Laboratory Virology and Serology Reporting Scheme, a passive voluntary surveillance system, a ...201122010512
Viruslike particle vaccine induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral death in infants. Despite decades of research with traditional or subunit vaccine approaches, there are no approved RSV vaccines. New approaches are therefore urgently needed to develop effective RSV vaccines.201121881112
comparative evaluation of the seegene seeplex rv15 and real-time pcr for respiratory virus detection.respiratory virus infections contribute substantially both to hospitalizations of young children, and to morbidity in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancies. their rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to patient management. to evaluate the prospective utility of seeplex-« dpo technology in respiratory virus diagnosis, a panel of 99 respiratory samples positive by real-time rt-pcr for one or more viruses was assayed by the seegene seeplex-« rv12 system. as w ...201121678451
respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs.abstract:201121827668
replacement of previously circulating respiratory syncytial virus subtype b strains with the ba genotype in south africa.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly in both developed and developing countries. reinfections are common, and g protein variability is one mechanism to overcome herd immunity. this is illustrated by the appearance of the ba genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication dominating the subtype b genotypes in epidemics worldwide. to investigate the evolution of subtype b in south africa since 2002, the genet ...201121715483
increased eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal fluid in hospitalized wheezy infants with rsv infection.background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen which causes bronchiolitis with dyspnea and wheezing in children less than 2 years old. rsv bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization might be a risk factor for allergic sensitization and bronchial asthma in future. however, the pathophysiology behind this development has not been clearly characterized. to evaluate the existence of airway inflammation and characteristic of rsv bronchiolitis, we an ...201121681019
attenuated interleukin-8/leukocyte immunoresponse in preterm infants compared with term infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a pilot study.decreased transplacental transfer of antibodies and altered immunoresponsiveness may place preterm (pt) infants at higher risk for serious consequences from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. we hypothesize that among infants hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis, immune response in pt infants may be different when compared with that of term infants. nasal-wash samples were collected from 11 pt (<37 weeks of gestation) and 13 term infants (ôëñ37 weeks of gestation) hospitalized with ...201121683109
antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children.bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. it is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications such as secondary bacterial pneumonia or respiratory failure. nevertheless, they are used at rates of 34% to 99% in uncomplicated cases.201121678346
respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: global data and interim results of korean rsv-chd survey.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a main cause of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants worldwide. children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hs-chd), as well as premature infants are at high risk for severe rsv diseases. mortality rates for chd patients hospitalized with rsv have been reported as about 24 times higher compared with those without rsv infection. recently with advances in intensive care, mortality rates in chd patients combined with ...201121829409
confirmation of an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vdr gene with respiratory syncytial virus related disease in south african children.respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. disease severity has been linked to host immune responses and polymorphisms in genes associated with innate immunity. a large-scale genetics study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in children in the netherlands identified snps in the vitamin d receptor (vdr) and jun genes which have a strong association with an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis following the first respiratory syncyti ...201121837802
a multi-tiered time-series modelling approach to forecasting respiratory syncytial virus incidence at the local level.summaryrespiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of documented viral respiratory infections, and the leading cause of hospitalization, in young children. we performed a retrospective time-series analysis of all patients aged <18 years with laboratory-confirmed rsv within a network of multiple affiliated academic medical institutions. forecasting models of weekly rsv incidence for the local community, inpatient paediatric hospital and paediatric intensive-care unit (picu) were cr ...201121676348
il-17-induced pulmonary pathogenesis during respiratory viral infection and exacerbation of allergic disease.severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by airway epithelial cell damage, mucus hypersecretion, and th2 cytokine production. less is known about the role of il-17. we observed increased il-6 and il-17 levels in tracheal aspirate samples from severely ill infants with rsv infection. in a mouse model of rsv infection, time-dependent increases in pulmonary il-6, il-23, and il-17 expression were observed. neutralization of il-17 during infection and observations from il ...201121703407
respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the united states, 1997-2006.background:: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease among young children in the united states. rsv-associated hospitalization increased among children in the united states during 1980 through 1996. in this study, we updated national estimates of rsv hospitalization rates among us children through 2006. methods:: we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospital discharges for lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) in children <5 years old fr ...201121817948
type-iii interferon, not type-i, is the predominant interferon induced by respiratory viruses in nasal epithelial cells.as an innate immune response against diverse viral infections, a host induces two types of interferon (ifn), type-i (ifn-+¦/+¦) and type-iii (ifn-++). we investigated ifn inductions by respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), measles virus and mumps virus in human nasal epithelial cells (necs). ifn-++, but not ifn-+¦/+¦, was induced by respiratory virus infection in primary necs and immortalized necs through transfection with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase ge ...201121816185
systemic signature of the lung response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus is a frequent cause of severe bronchiolitis in children. to improve our understanding of systemic host responses to rsv, we compared balb/c mouse gene expression responses at day 1, 2, and 5 during primary rsv infection in lung, bronchial lymph nodes, and blood. we identified a set of 53 interferon-associated and innate immunity genes that give correlated responses in all three murine tissues. additionally, we identified blood gene signatures that are indicative of ac ...201121731757
paediatric intensive care admissions for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in france: results of a retrospective survey and evaluation of the validity of a medical information system programme.summarythe purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (picu), and to evaluate a national registry of hospitalizations (programme de m+®dicalisation des syst+¿mes d'information; pmsi) as a potential source of epidemiological data. of the 49 french picus invited to take part in a retrospective survey of children aged <2 years who were hospitalized during the 2005-2006 epidemic season, 24 agreed to participat ...201121733254
identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a large burden of disease worldwide. there is no effective vaccine or therapy, and the use of passive immunoprophylaxis with rsv-specific antibodies is limited to high-risk patients. the cellular receptor (or receptors) required for viral entry and replication has yet to be described; its identification will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of infection and provide a target for the development of novel antiviral interventions. here we show ...201121841784
tak1 regulates nf-+üb and ap-1 activation in airway epithelial cells following rsv infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of epidemic respiratory diseases in infants and young children. rsv infection of airway epithelial cells induces the expression of immune/inflammatory genes through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-+¦b (nf-+¦b) and ap-1. in this study, we have investigated the signaling pathway leading to activation of these two transcription factors in response to rsv infection. our results show that ikk+¦ pl ...201121835421
lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response upon virus infection in cystic fibrosis.respiratory virus infections play an important role in cystic fibrosis (cf) exacerbations, but underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. we aimed at assessing whether an exaggerated inflammatory response of the airway epithelium upon virus infection could explain the increased susceptibility of cf patients towards respiratory viruses. we used primary bronchial and nasal epithelial cells obtained from healthy control subjects (n=24) and cf patients (n=18). il-6, il-8/cxcl8, ...201121719483
contribution of common and recently described respiratory viruses to annual hospitalizations in children in south africa.the contribution of viruses to lower respiratory tract disease in sub-saharan africa where human immunodeficiency virus may exacerbate respiratory infections is not well defined. no data exist on some of these viruses for southern africa. comprehensive molecular screening may define the role of these viruses as single and co-infections in a population with a high hiv-aids burden. to address this, children less than 5 years of age with respiratory infections from 3 public sector hospitals, pretor ...201121678450
decreased innate immune cytokine responses correlate with disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus bronchiolitis.the immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections in children remains to be defined. we measured nasal wash concentrations of 29 cytokines in infants with rsv or human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections. concentrations of interferon-+¦ in rsv and innate immunity cytokines in both infections inversely correlated with disease severity.201121829141
real-world comparison of two molecular methods for detection of respiratory viruses.abstract:201121714915
[characteristics and the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the correlation with climatic factors of hospitalized children in suzhou children's hospital.]objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infection and its relations to climatic factors in suzhou. methods: from 2006 to 2009, viral etiology surveillance was conducted among 6655 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections (aris). direct immunofluorescence method was used to test respiratory secretion samples for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses a and b (inf-a, inf-b), parainfluenza virus types i, ii, and iii (pinf-i, pi ...201121624230
spontaneous pneumothorax in an allogeneic cell transplant recipient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and antecedent rsv pneumonitis.we report a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) following respiratory syncytial virus infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipient with chronic graft-versus-host disease. delayed diagnosis of ipa resulted in the development of a pneumothorax, a rare consequence of fungal pneumonia. respiratory virus infections are often harbingers of other infective organisms in hsct recipients. more aggressive diagnostic investigations such as computed tomography sca ...201121625303
a novel mechanism for inhibition of irf-3-dependent gene expression by human respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type i interferon (ifn)-dependent signaling, as well as ifn synthesis. rsv nonstructural protein ns1 plays a significant role in this inhibition, however the mechanism(s) responsible are not fully known. the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3 is essential for viral-induced ifn-α synthesis. in this study, we found that ns1 protein inhibits irf-3-dependent gene trans ...201121632562
n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type ii epithelial cells infected with influenza virus a and b and with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).64% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations are caused by respiratory infections including influenza (strains a and b) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). they affect the airway epithelium increasing inflammatory and apoptosis events through mechanisms involving ros generation, and induce the release of mucins from epithelial cells that are involved in the deterioration of the patient's health during the course of the disease. the antioxidant nac has proved useful in the ...201121635874
intrinsic phenotypic differences of asthmatic epithelium and its inflammatory responses to rsv and air pollution.a substantial proportion of the healthcare costs associated with asthma are due to exacerbations of the disease. within the airway, the epithelium forms the mucosal immune barrier, the first structural cell defense against common environmental insults such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and particulate matter. objective: to characterize the phenotype of differentiated asthmatic derived airway epithelial cultures and their intrinsic inflammatory responses to environmental challenges. method ...201121642587
classification of acute encephalopathy in respiratory syncytial virus infection.infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to be associated with central nervous system symptoms such as convulsions. we investigated cytokines, nitrogen oxide (no)( x ), and the viral genome in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) obtained from children with rsv infection-related convulsions or central nervous symptoms and compared the data with type of encephalopathy. of nine patients enrolled (six boys and three girls; aged 10 days-3 years), one metabolic error, five excitotoxicity, one c ...201121647570
viral agents causing lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children: evaluation of the speed-oligo® rsv assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the viral agent which is more frequently involved in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in infants under 1 year of age in developed countries. a new oligochromatographic assay, speed-oligo® rsv, was designed and optimized for the specific detection and identification of rsv subtypes a and b. the test was evaluated in 289 clinical samples from 169 hospitalized children using an immunochromatography (ic) test, virus isolation by culture, and an in-house ...201121647616
severity of viral coinfection in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.to compare the severity of single respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections with that of coinfections.201121655684
prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized children presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections.objective: to evaluate the prevalence of rsv among hospitalized young children presenting with alri in bangalore, india. methods: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection was performed by direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) staining on 77 nasopharyngeal wash samples collected from hospitalized children below 2 years of age with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri). results: out of 77 samples tested for rsv with dfa, 17 (22.1%) were found rsv-positive with a mea ...201121660398
a molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in japanese children with acute wheezing illness.recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. however, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known.201121663657
economic evaluation of palivizumab in children with congenital heart disease: a canadian perspective.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. in children with congenital heart disease (chd), it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that reduces the number of rsv-associated hospitalizations in children with chd. we sought to assess cost savings and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in children < 2 years old with hemodynamically significant chd in a provincially administered rsv prophylaxis program.201121664100
multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children.please cite this paper as: martin et┬áal. (2011) multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00265.x00 (00), 000-000. backgroundôçé molecular testing for viral pathogens has resulted in increasing detection of multiple viruses in respiratory secretions of ill children. the clinical impact of multiple virus infections on clinical presentation and outco ...201121668660
epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009.please cite this paper as: zuccotti et┬áal. (2011) epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé seasonal influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are primary causes of acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children. new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus (hmpv ...201121668662
il10 family member genes il19 and il20 are associated with recurrent wheeze after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.mechanisms underlying the increased risk of recurrent wheeze following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lrti) are unclear. specifically, information about genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following rsv lrti is limited. we performed a candidate gene association study to identify genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following rsv lrti. we investigated 346 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 220 candidate genes in 166 dutch infants hospitalized fo ...201121814157
the early history of tumor virology: rous, rif, and rav.one hundred years ago peyton rous recovered a virus, now known as the rous sarcoma virus (rsv), from a chicken sarcoma, which reproduced all aspects of the tumor on injection into closely related chickens. there followed recovery of causal viruses of tumors of different morphology from 4 more of 60 chicken tumors. subsequent studies in chickens of the biology of the first rsv isolated moved slowly for 45 y until an assay of ectodermal pocks of the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos was ...201121813762
rous sarcoma virus gag has no specific requirement for phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate for plasma membrane association in vivo or for liposome interaction in vitro.the ma domain of the retroviral gag protein mediates interactions with the plasma membrane, which is the site of productive virus release. hiv-1 ma has a phosphatidylinositol- (4, 5)-bisphosphate [pi(4,5)p(2)] binding pocket; depletion of this phospholipid from the plasma membrane compromises gag membrane association and virus budding. we used multiple methods to examine the possible role of pi(4,5)p(2) in gag-membrane interaction of the alpharetrovirus rous sarcoma virus (rsv). in contrast to h ...201121813603
household tobacco smoke and admission weight predict severe bronchiolitis in infants independent of deprivation: prospective cohort study.to examine demographic, environmental and clinical factors associated with severe bronchiolitis in infants admitted to hospital and quantify the independent effects of these factors.201121811609
innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of splunc1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.purpose: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. the aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) from infants with rsv infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kda innate immunity protein splunc1. experimental design: npas from infants were analyzed with 2-de and ms in a pilot study. the levels of splunc1 were analyzed with immunoblotting in 47 npas, admitted for rsv diagnosis. resu ...201121805676
absence of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease and changes in pulmonary dendritic cells with adenovirus-based rsv vaccine.abstract: the development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been hampered by the risk for vaccine-enhanced rsv pulmonary disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated rsv (firsv). this study focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following immunization with adf.rgd, an integrin-targeted adenovirus vector that expresses the rsv f protein and includes an rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif. immunization of balb/c mice with adf.rgd, resulted in anti ...201121801372
mhc-dependent ctl repertoire and functional avidity contribute to strain-specific disease susceptibility after murine rsv infection.susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in mice is genetically determined. while rsv causes little pathology in c57bl/6 mice, pulmonary inflammation and weight loss occur in balb/c mice. using mhc congenic mice, we observed that the h-2(d) allele can partially transfer disease susceptibility to c57bl/6 mice. this was not explained by altered viral elimination or differences in the magnitude of the overall virus-specific ctl response. however, h-2(d) mice showed a more focus ...201121795345
multiple functional domains and complexes of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus contribute to interferon suppression and cellular location.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, efficiently suppresses cellular innate immunity, represented by type i interferon (ifn), using its two unique nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2. in searching for their mechanism, ns1 was previously shown to decrease levels of traf3 and ikke, whereas ns2 interacted with rig-i and decreased traf3 and stat2. here, we report on the interaction, cellular localization and functional domains of these two proteins. ...201121795342
production of rous sarcoma virus-like particles displaying human transmembrane protein in silkworm larvae and its application to ligand-receptor binding assay.two types of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) group-antigen protein (gag) virus like particles (vlps), full-length gag (gag701) and rsv protease domain (pr)-deleted mutant (gag577) were expressed in silkworm larvae. gag577 was secreted into hemolymph efficiently using wild type bacmid (wt), cysteine protease-deficient bacmid (cp(-)), cysteine protease and chitinase-deficient bacmid (cp(-)chi(-)) bacmids, but comparatively gag701 secretion levels were low. vlps were purified on 10-60% (v/v) sucrose densi ...201121794838
whole genome characterization of non-tissue culture adapted hrsv strains in severely infected children.abstract: background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most important virus causing lower respiratory infection in young children. the complete genetic characterization of rsv clinical strains is a prerequisite for understanding hrsv infection in the clinical context. current information about the genetic structure of the hrsv genome has largely been obtained using tissue culture adapted viruses. during tissue culture adaptation genetic changes can be introduced into the virus gen ...201121794174
genetic dissection of the resistance to rice stripe virus present in the indica rice cultivar 'ir24'rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv) and transmitted by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen), is one of the most serious viral diseases of rice in temperate east asian production regions. prior quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping has established that oryza sativa l. subsp. indica 'ir24' carries positive alleles at the three loci qstv3, qstv7, and qstv11-i. here, we report an advanced backcross analysis based on three selected chromosome segment substitu ...201121793697
comparison of risk factors between preterm and term infants hospitalized for severe respiratory syncytial virus in the russian federation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. preterm birth, in addition to several demographic and environmental factors, increases the risk for development of severe rsv infection. the purpose of this study was to describe differences in risk factors and protective factors between preterm birth (up to 35 weeks' gestational age) and term infants hospitalized for rsv lower respiratory tract infection in the russian federation during the 200 ...201121792335
[detection and clinical characteristics analysis of human bocavirus 1-3 in children for acute respiratory infection in lanzhou area].to study the clinical and molecular epidemiology characteristics of human bocavirus 1-3 (hbov1-3) in children for acute respiratory infection in lanzhou area.201121789841
a novel inactivated intranasal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine promotes viral clearance without th2 associated vaccine-enhanced disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children worldwide, and no vaccine is currently available. inactivated rsv vaccines tested in the 1960's led to vaccine-enhanced disease upon viral challenge, which has undermined rsv vaccine development. rsv infection is increasingly being recognized as an important pathogen in the elderly, as well as other individuals with compromised pulmonary immunity. a safe and effective inactivated rsv vaccine wou ...201121789184
increased detection of respiratory viruses in paediatric outpatients with acute respiratory illness by real-time polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs.detection of respiratory viruses by realtime multiplexed pcr (m-pcr) and of rsv by m-pcr and immunofluorescence(if) was evaluated using specimens collected by nasopharyngeal flocked swab(nfs) and nasal wash(nw). in children with mild respiratory illness, nfs collection was superior to nw collection for detection of viruses by m-pcr (sensitivity 89.6% vs 79.2%, p=0.0043). nfs collection was non-inferior to nw collection in detecting rsv by if.201121775539
the structure and function of the rous sarcoma virus rna stability element.for simple retroviruses, such as the rous sarcoma virus, post-transcriptional control elements regulate viral rna splicing, export, stability and packaging into virions. these rna sequences interact with cellular host proteins to regulate and facilitate productive viral infections. one such element, known as the rous sarcoma virus stability element (rse), is required for maintaining stability of the full-length unspliced rna. this viral rna serves as the mrna for the gag and pol proteins and als ...201121769913
clara cell protein 10 polymorphism is not associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.aim: to investigate a possible correlation between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and single-nucleotide polymorphism in the clara cell protein 10 (cc10) gene (a38g). methods: children hospitalized with severe rsv lower respiratory tract (ltri) infection at karolinska university hospital stockholm during three subsequent rsv seasons were selected and genotyped. age-matched controls were used. the two groups were compared regarding single nucleotide polymorphism in the cc10 g ...201121767304
the role of rsv infection in asthma initiation and progression: findings in a mouse model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) during infancy and early childhood. there is increasing evidence which indicates that severe pulmonary disease caused by rsv infection in infancy is associated with recurrent wheezing and development of asthma later in childhood. however, the underlying mechanisms linking rsv infection to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and dysfunction are not fully defined. to study ...201121766019
role of the fas/fasl system in a model of rsv infection in mechanically ventilated mice.infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children can progress to respiratory distress and acute lung injury (ali) necessitating mechanical ventilation (mv). mv enhances apoptosis and inflammation in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a mouse pneumovirus that has been used as a model for severe rsv infection in mice. we hypothesized that the fas/fas ligand (fasl) system, a dual pro-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory system involved in other forms of lung injury, is required for ...201121743025
new insights into the nuclear localization of retroviral gag proteins.retroviruses assemble new virus particles that are released by budding from the plasma membranes of infected cells. gag proteins, encoded by retroviruses, orchestrate the assembly of virus particles in close collaboration with host cell machinery. the earliest steps in retrovirus assembly-those immediately following synthesis of gag on cytosolic ribosomes-are poorly understood. rous sarcoma virus (rsv) offers a unique model system for dissecting these early steps because the rsv gag protein unde ...201121738831
identification of deletion mutant respiratory syncytial virus strains lacking most of the g protein in immunocompromised children with pneumonia in south africa.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein deletion mutants replicate effectively in vitro but have not been detected in nature. subtyping of rsv strains in hospitalized children in south africa identified g protein pcr amplicons significantly reduced in size in 2 out of 209 clinical specimens screened over 4 years. sequence analysis revealed subtype b strains lacking nearly the entire g protein ectodomain in one hiv-positive and one hiv-exposed child hospitalized with pneumonia. the associatio ...201121680500
multiple cd4+ t cell subsets produce immunomodulatory il-10 during respiratory syncytial virus infection.the host immune response is believed to contribute to the severity of pulmonary disease induced by acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. because rsv-induced pulmonary disease is associated with immunopathology, we evaluated the role of il-10 in modulating the rsv-specific immune response. we found that il-10 protein levels in the lung were increased following acute rsv infection, with maximum production corresponding to the peak of the virus-specific t cell response. the majority of ...201121844390
a review of palivizumab and emerging therapies for respiratory syncytial virus.introduction: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in children and adults; however, current treatment options are primarily supportive. palivizumab, the only approved specific monoclonal antibody for rsv is used prophylactically to reduce morbidity in a select population of high-risk children. areas covered: the development and current use of palivizumab; the potential role of palivizumab as preventive therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma and compromised immune ...201121831008
wu polyomavirus infection among children in south china.this study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the second affiliated hospital of shantou university, medical college from july 2008 to june 2009. wupyv was detected by t ...201121678448
epidemiological study of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in taiwanese children between 2004 and 2007.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization in young children. the population-based burden of rsv hospitalization and the effect of potential risk factors on the severity of illness were evaluated in taiwanese children.201121741007
antibody response and avidity of respiratory syncytial virus-specific total igg, igg1, and igg3 in young children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and young children. considering that several aspects of the humoral immune response to rsv infection remain unclear, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence, levels, and avidity of total igg, igg1, and igg3 antibodies against rsv in serum samples from children ôëñ5 years old. in addition, a possible association between antibody avidity and severity of illness was examined. the occurrence and levels ...201121837801
expression of an rsv-gag virus-like particle in insect cell lines and silkworm larvae.rous sarcoma virus group antigen protein-based virus-like particles (vlps) are well known for their structural integrity and ease of handling. vlps play an important role in drug delivery systems because they can be manipulated with ease. in this study, a new method was established for expressing rous sarcoma virus group antigen protein based vlps in silkworm larvae and establishing stably expressing insect cell lines. these vlps have been isolated by ultracentrifugation using a sucrose step gra ...201121816175
autocrine regulation of pulmonary inflammation by effector t-cell derived il-10 during infection with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young infants. clinical studies have documented that certain polymorphisms in the gene encoding the regulatory cytokine il-10 are associated with the development of severe bronchiolitis in rsv infected infants. here, we examined the role of il-10 in a murine model of primary rsv infection and found that high levels of il-10 are produced in the respiratory tract by anti-viral effect ...201121829368
prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus-related illness. ii: immunoprophylaxis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity in very young children, preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease, and children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. in the absence of a safe and effective vaccine, alternative means of protecting high-risk infants and young children from serious rsv illness have been studied. clinical observations and animal model data over the past 30 years suggested that rsv immunoglobulin g (igg) neutralizing ant ...201121318605
prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus-related illness. i: disease pathogenesis and early attempts at prevention.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first described 160 years ago but was not officially recognized as a cause of serious illness in children until the late 1950s. it has been estimated that virtually all children have had at least one rsv infection by their second birthday. rsv is responsible for annual disease outbreaks, usually during a defined winter seasonal period that can vary by community and year. rsv is recognized as the leading cause of hospitalization among young children worldwide ...201121318606
trends in chronologic age and infant respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: an 8-year cohort study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children and the leading cause of hospitalization in infants aged <1 year.201121327753
the nonstructural protein pc6 of rice grassy stunt virus trans-complements the cell-to-cell spread of a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus.the nonstructural protein pc6 encoded by rice grassy stunt virus is thought to correspond functionally to the nonstructural protein pc4 of rice stripe virus, which can support viral cell-to-cell movement. in a trans-complementation experiment with a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus, pc6 and pc4 facilitated intercellular transport of the virus. transient expression of pc6, fused with green fluorescent protein, in epidermal cells was predominantly observed close to the cell wall as well as i ...201121327784
monitoring epidemic viral respiratory infections using one-step real-time triplex rt-pcr targeting influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus.rapid and specific diagnosis of influenza a/b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) viruses is needed for optimal management of patients with acute respiratory infections. in this study, a one-step triplex real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for rapid diagnosis of influenza a/b and rsv infections to optimize diagnosis efficiency of acute respiratory infections. cell-culture supernatants and clinical samples were used to evaluate specificity and sensitivity of the assay. the assay was used routi ...201121328385
use of palivizumab and infection control measures to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal intensive care unit confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a potentially life-threatening infection in premature infants. we report an outbreak involving four infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of our hospital that occurred in february 2010. rsv a infection was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. palivizumab was administered to all infants in the nicu. there were no additional symptomatic cases and repeat rsv surveillance confirmed that there was no further cross-transmission within the ...201121330007
synthesis and in vitro anti-hsv-1 activity of a novel hsp90 inhibitor bj-b11.in this study, a novel hsp90 inhibitor bj-b11, was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against several viruses. possible anti-hsv-1 mechanisms were also investigated. bj-b11 displayed no antiviral activity against coxsackievirus b(3) (cvb(3)), human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus (h1n1), but exhibited potent anti-hsv-1 and hsv-2 activity with ec(50) values of 0.42±0.18 µm and 0.60±0.21 µm, respectively. additionally, the inhibitory effects of bj-b11 a ...201121334891
detection of human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus by real-time pcr from patients with respiratory symptoms in southern brazil.the introduction of newer molecular methods has led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), in respiratory tract specimens. we have studied the occurrence of hmpv and hbov in the porto alegre (pa) metropolitan area, one of the southernmost cities of brazil, evaluating children with suspected lower respiratory tract infection from may 2007-june 2008. a real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification and de ...201121340356
viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season.acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections worldwide. the study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (hrv), influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hmpv) in botucatu, state of são paulo, ...201121340401
caress: the canadian registry of palivizumab.palivizumab is indicated for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in high-risk children. however, relatively little is known about the current use, compliance, and outcomes associated with this medication.201121343842
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