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only minimal regions of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are required for replication, expression and movement.the il-60 platform, consisting of a disarmed form of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and auxiliary components, was previously developed as a nontransgenic universal vector system for gene expression and silencing that can express an entire operon in plants. il-60 does not allow rolling-circle replication; hence, production of viral single-stranded (ss) dna progeny is prevented. we used this double-stranded (ds) dna-restricted platform (uncoupled from the dsdna→ssdna replication phase of pr ...201424719195
eugenol enhances the resistance of tomato against tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (tylcvd) causes severe to economic losses in tomato crops in china. the control of tylcvd is based primarily on the use of synthetic insecticide to control its vector whitefly (bemisia tabaci). to look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of eugenol on controlling tylcvd. the potential of eugenol to trigger systemic acquired resistance (sar) in tomato (jiangsu 14) plants against tylcv was also investigated.201423852671
histochemical visualization of ros and antioxidant response to viral infections of vegetable crops grown in azerbaijan.extremes of environmental conditions, such as biotic stresses, strongly affect plant growth and development and may adversely affect photosynthetic process. virus infection is especially problematic in crops, because unlike other diseases, its impact cannot be reduced by phytosanitary treatments. the vegetable crops (solanum lycopеrsicum l, cucurbita melo l., cucumis sativus l., piper longum l., solánum melongéna l., vicia faba l.) showing virus-like symptoms were collected from fields located i ...201424661407
tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance by ty-1 involves increased cytosine methylation of viral genomes and is compromised by cucumber mosaic virus infection.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and related begomoviruses are a major threat to tomato production worldwide and, to protect against these viruses, resistance genes from different wild tomato species are introgressed. recently, the ty-1 resistance gene was identified, shown to code for an rna-dependent rna polymerase and to be allelic with ty-3. here we show that upon tylcv challenging of resistant lines carrying ty-1 or ty-3, low virus titers were detected concomitant with the production o ...201425136118
recent evolution of a novel begomovirus causing tomato leaf curl disease in the al-batinah region of oman.for last two decades, begomoviruses (family geminiviridae) have been a major constraint for tomato production in oman, particularly in the al-batinah region, the major agricultural area of oman. farms in the al-batinah region were surveyed during january-march and november-december in 2012 and january-february in 2013. leaf samples of tomato plants showing typical leaf curl disease symptoms were collected and analyzed for begomoviruses. out of fifteen begomovirus clones sequenced, seven were sho ...201424052149
association of an alphasatellite with tomato yellow leaf curl virus and ageratum yellow vein virus in japan is suggestive of a recent introduction.samples were collected in 2011 from tomato plants exhibiting typical tomato leaf curl disease symptoms in the vicinity of komae, japan. pcr mediated amplification, cloning and sequencing of all begomovirus components from two plants from different fields showed the plants to be infected by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and ageratum yellow vein virus (ayvv). both viruses have previously been shown to be present in japan, although this is the first identification of ayvv on mainland japan; ...201424424499
a sensitive method for the quantification of virion-sense and complementary-sense dna strands of circular single-stranded dna viruses.circular single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses are the smallest viruses known to infect eukaryotes. high recombination and mutation rates have conferred these viruses with an evolutionary potential that has facilitated their emergence. their damaging effects on livestock (circoviruses) and crops (geminiviruses and nanoviruses), and the ubiquity of anelloviruses in human populations and other mammalian species, have resulted in increased interest in better understanding their epidemiology and infec ...201425241765
implication of the bacterial endosymbiont rickettsia spp. in interactions of the whitefly bemisia tabaci with tomato yellow leaf curl virus.numerous animal and plant viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors in a persistent, circulative manner. tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci. we report here that infection with rickettsia spp., a facultative endosymbiont of whiteflies, altered tylcv-b. tabaci interactions. a b. tabaci strain infected with rickettsia acquired more tylcv from infected plants, retained the virus longer, and exhibited nearly double the transmission effi ...201424600010
differential identification of three species of curtovirus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.rapid and sensitive detection methods for three species of curtovirus were developed using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) technique. a universal primer set for detecting the three main species of curtovirus at the same time, and three kinds of species-specific primer sets were designed and used for lamp reactions. results from the lamp reactions were visualized both by color changes after adding sybr green i staining dye and by dna laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis. the o ...201424957721
identification of a disease complex involving a novel monopartite begomovirus with beta- and alphasatellites associated with okra leaf curl disease in oman.okra leaf curl disease (olcd) is an important viral disease of okra in tropical and subtropical areas. the disease is caused by begomovirus-satellite complexes. a begomovirus and associated betasatellite and alphasatellite were identified in symptomatic okra plants from barka, in the al-batinah region of oman. analysis of the begomovirus sequences showed them to represent a new begomovirus most closely related to cotton leaf curl gezira virus (clcugev), a begomovirus of african origin. the seque ...201424287711
specific cells in the primary salivary glands of the whitefly bemisia tabaci control retention and transmission of begomoviruses.the majority of plant viruses are vectored by arthropods via persistent-circulative or noncirculative transmission. previous studies have shown that specific binding sites for noncirculative viruses reside within the stylet or foregut of insect vectors, whereas the transmission mechanisms of circulative viruses remain ambiguous. here we report the critical roles of whitefly primary salivary glands (psgs) in the circulative transmission of two begomoviruses. the middle east asia minor 1 (meam1) s ...201425210181
emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in east and southeast asia.over the past three decades diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) have emerged to be important constraints to the production of solanaceous crops, particularly tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and peppers (capsicum spp.), in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the most studied of these is tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which has spread to many other areas from its likely origin in the mediterranean basin region. the virus is usually associated ...201424440320
quantification and localization of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (geminiviridae) in populations of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) with differential virus transmission characteristics.bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is one of the economically most damaging insects to crops in tropical and subtropical regions. severe damage is caused by feeding and more seriously by transmitting viruses. those of the genus begomovirus (geminiviridae) cause the most significant crop diseases and are transmitted by b. tabaci in a persistent circulative mode, a process which is largely unknown. to analyze the translocation and to identify critical determinants for transmission, two populations of b. t ...201425365330
location of symbionts in the whitefly bemisia tabaci affects their densities during host development and environmental stress.bacterial symbionts often enhance the physiological capabilities of their arthropod hosts and enable their hosts to expand into formerly unavailable niches, thus leading to biological diversification. many arthropods, including the worldwide invasive whitefly bemisia tabaci, have individuals simultaneously infected with symbionts of multiple genera that occur in different locations in the host. this study examined the population dynamics of symbionts that are located in different areas within b. ...201424632746
female-biased symbionts and tomato yellow leaf curl virus infections in bemisia tabaci.the female-biased infection of facultative symbionts has been found in bemisia tabaci; however, whether there are any differences in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and obligate symbiont infection rates between females and males is unknown. determining whether such differences exist would be very important for understanding the spread of the plant virus and of the symbionts. we compared both symbiont infection types, including obligate and facultative symbionts, and the rates of tylcv infe ...201424465416
the role of bacterial chaperones in the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors.persistent circulative transmission of plant viruses involves complex interactions between the transmitted virus and its insect vector. several studies have shown that insect vector proteins are involved in the passage and the transmission of the virus. interestingly, proteins expressed by bacterial endosymbionts that reside in the insect vector, were also shown to influence the transmission of these viruses. thus far, the transmission of two plant viruses that belong to different virus genera w ...201323783810
a plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.plant viruses can produce direct and plant-mediated indirect effects on their insect vectors, modifying their life cycle, fitness and behavior. viruses may benefit from such changes leading to enhanced transmission efficiency and spread. in our study, female adults of bemisia tabaci were subjected to an acquisition access period of 72 h in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-infected and non-infected tomato plants to obtain viruliferous and non-viruliferous whiteflies, respectively. insects th ...201323613872
plant virus differentially alters the plant's defense response to its closely related vectors.the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. in recent years, b. tabaci q has invaded china, and q has displaced b in many areas now. in a number of regions of the world, invasion by b and/or q has been followed by outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). our previous study showed tylcv directly and indirectly modified the feeding behavior of b. tabaci in favor of q rather than b.201324391779
discovering host genes involved in the infection by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex and in the establishment of resistance to the virus using tobacco rattle virus-based post transcriptional gene silencing.the development of high-throughput technologies allows for evaluating gene expression at the whole-genome level. together with proteomic and metabolomic studies, these analyses have resulted in the identification of plant genes whose function or expression is altered as a consequence of pathogen attacks. members of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) complex are among the most important pathogens impairing production of agricultural crops worldwide. to understand how these geminiviruses su ...201323524390
comparative transcriptome profiling of a resistant vs. susceptible tomato (solanum lycopersicum) cultivar in response to infection by tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) threatens tomato production worldwide by causing leaf yellowing, leaf curling, plant stunting and flower abscission. the current understanding of the host plant defense response to this virus is very limited. using whole transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed the differential gene expression in response to tylcv infection in the tylcv-resistant tomato breeding line cln2777a (r) and tylcv-susceptible tomato breeding line tmxa48-4-0 (s). the mixed inoculated sa ...201324260487
highly sensitive serological methods for detecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato plants and whiteflies.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the genus begomovirus in the family geminiviridae, which causes severe losses in tomato production in tropic and subtropic regions.201323647724
within-host dynamics of the emergence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus recombinants.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a highly damaging begomovirus native to the middle east. tylcv has recently spread worldwide, recombining with other begomoviruses. recent analysis of mixed infections between tylcv and tomato leaf curl comoros begomovirus (tolckmv) has shown that, although natural selection preserves certain co-evolved intra-genomic interactions, numerous and diverse recombinants are produced at 120 days post-inoculation (dpi), and recombinant populations from different ...201323472190
insect symbiont facilitates vector acquisition, retention, and transmission of plant virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was first detected in china in 2006, following the introduction of bemisia tabaci q into china in 2003. since then, the incidence of tylcv in tomato fields in china has greatly increased as has the abundance and distribution of q whiteflies containing the bacterial symbiont hamiltonella with high frequency. this suggested that the symbiont hamiltonella might associate with the transmission efficiency of tylcv by the whitefly vector. here we report the first ...201323455639
involvement of the hexose transporter gene leht1 and of sugars in resistance of tomato to tomato yellow leaf curl virus. 201323430051
multiple forms of vector manipulation by a plant-infecting virus: bemisia tabaci and tomato yellow leaf curl virus.for many insect-vectored plant viruses, the relationship between feeding behavior and vector competence may prove integral to an understanding of the epidemiology of the resulting plant disease. while plant-infecting viruses are well known to change host plant physiology in a way that makes them more attractive to vectors, viral manipulation of the vectors themselves has only recently been reported. previous research suggested that the rapid spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) throug ...201323408638
progressive aggregation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein in systemically infected tomato plants, susceptible and resistant to the virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) coat protein (cp) accumulated in tomato leaves during infection. the cp was immuno-detected in the phloem associated cells. at the early stages of infection, punctate signals were detected in the cytoplasm, while in the later stages aggregates of increasing size were localized in cytoplasm and nuclei. sedimentation of protein extracts through sucrose gradients confirmed that progress of infection was accompanied by the formation of cp aggregates of increasin ...201323099086
molecular identification of a new begomovirus associated with mosaic disease of jatropha curcas l. in nigeria.we report the complete nucleotide sequence of dna-a of a begomovirus naturally infecting jatropha curcas l. in nigeria. symptoms observed on infected plants were severe mosaic, mottling and blistering of leaves. the virus, which we provisionally name "jatropha mosaic nigeria virus" (jmnv), has a monopartite genome of 2,779 to 2,789 nucleotides. pairwise comparisons of dna-a sequences showed that jmnv had maximum nucleotide sequence identity (72%) with a strain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. s ...201323074041
whitefly-mediated transmission of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite: evidence for betasatellite encapsidation in coat protein of helper begomoviruses.cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb) is responsible for symptom expression of a devastating disease of cotton in the indian subcontinent. clcumb depends on helper virus replication-associated protein for its replication and on viral coat protein (cp) for its encapsidation. however, no direct evidence of encapsidation of clcumb in viral cp has been available. in the present study, non-viruliferous whiteflies were placed on tomato plants that had been agroinoculated with infectious clone ...201322923008
inhibition of binding of tomato yellow leaf curl virus rep to its replication origin by artificial zinc-finger protein.previously we demonstrated that inhibition of replication-associated protein (rep) binding to its replication origin by artificial zinc-finger proteins (azps) is a powerful method to prevent plant virus infection in vivo. in the present study, we applied the azp technology to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which is a limiting factor in tomato cultivation worldwide. first, we determined 5'-atcggtgt atcggtgt-3' in the 195-bp intergenic region of the tylcv-israel strain, a strain reported f ...201322576255
the tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance genes ty-1 and ty-3 are allelic and code for dfdgd-class rna-dependent rna polymerases.tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incited by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) causes huge losses in tomato production worldwide and is caused by different related begomovirus species. breeding for tylcv resistance has been based on the introgression of multiple resistance genes originating from several wild tomato species. in this study we have fine-mapped the widely used solanum chilense-derived ty-1 and ty-3 genes by screening nearly 12,000 plants for recombination events and generati ...201323555305
peptide aptamers that bind to geminivirus replication proteins confer a resistance phenotype to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato mottle virus infection in tomato.geminiviruses constitute a large family of single-stranded dna viruses that cause serious losses in important crops worldwide. they often exist in disease complexes and have high recombination and mutation rates, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new hosts and environments. thus, an effective resistance strategy must be general in character and able to target multiple viruses. the geminivirus replication protein (rep) is a good target for broad-based disease control because it is highly conserve ...201323824791
recruitment of the host plant heat shock protein 70 by tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein is required for virus infection.a functional capsid protein (cp) is essential for host plant infection and insect transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and other monopartite begomoviruses. we have previously shown that tylcv cp specifically interacts with the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of the virus insect vector, bemisia tabaci. here we demonstrate that during the development of tomato plant infection with tylcv, a significant amount of hsp70 shifts from a soluble form into insoluble aggregates. cp and hsp70 ...201323894631
pcr-rflp-based typing for differentiation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) genotypes from infected host plants in korea.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using two sets of primers designed from published tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) genomes was developed to distinguish from the tylcv-il groups. the specificity of the two sets of primers was proven by testing against control tylcv genomes and the symptomatic leaves of 34 different tomato cultivars naturally infected with tylcv in greenhouses. one set for tylcv-il strain-specific primers (tylcv-uni-f and tylcv-uni-r) amplified full-length genome fragments ...201323884784
virus infection of a weed increases vector attraction to and vector fitness on the weed.weeds are important in the ecology of field crops, and when crops are harvested, weeds often become the main hosts for plant viruses and their insect vectors. few studies, however, have examined the relationships between plant viruses, vectors, and weeds. here, we investigated how infection of the weed datura stramonium l. by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) affects the host preference and performance of the tylcv vector, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) q. the results of a choice experiment indi ...201323872717
differential effects of an exotic plant virus on its two closely related vectors.concurrent spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) with invasion of bemisia tabaci q rather than b in china suggests a more mutualistic relationship between tylcv and q than b. to assess this hypothesis, we quantified the impacts of tylcv on the performance and competitiveness of b and q in the laboratory. the results showed that relative to their non-infected counterparts feeding on cotton (a non-host for tylcv), infected b exhibited significant reductions in life-history traits, wherea ...201323864010
tomato yellow leaf curl virus alters the host preferences of its vector bemisia tabaci.bemisia tabaci, the whitefly vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), seriously reduces tomato production and quality. here, we report the first evidence that infection by tylcv alters the host preferences of invasive b. tabaci b (middle east-minor asia 1) and q (mediterranean genetic group), in which tylcv-free b. tabaci q preferred to settle on tylcv-infected tomato plants over healthy ones. tylcv-free b. tabaci b, however, preferred healthy tomato plants to tylcv-infected plants. in c ...201324096821
facultative symbiont hamiltonella confers benefits to bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), an invasive agricultural pest worldwide.bacterial symbionts infect most insect species, including important pests such as whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), and often exert important effects on host ecology. the facultative symbiont hamiltonella is found at high frequencies in the b. tabaci med (type: mediterranean-med) in china. the prevalence of this symbiont in natural populations suggests beneficial effects of infection or manipulation of host reproduction. to date, however, no empirical studies on the ...201324280594
recombination profiles between tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus in laboratory and field conditions: evolutionary and taxonomic implications.tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus have co-existed in italian tomato crops since 2002 and have reached equilibrium, with plants hosting molecules of both species plus their recombinants being the most frequent case. recombination events are studied in field samples, as well as in experimental co-infections, when recombinants were detected as early as 45 days following inoculation. in both conditions, recombination breakpoints were essentially absent in regio ...201222971824
functional analysis of gene-silencing suppressors from tomato yellow leaf curl disease viruses.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically related begomovirus spp. that produce similar symptoms when they infect tomato plants but have different host ranges. in this work, we have evaluated the gene-silencing-suppression activity of c2, c4, and v2 viral proteins isolated from the four main tylcd-causing strains in spain in nicotiana benthamiana. we observed varying degrees of local silencing suppression for each viral protein tested, with v2 proteins fr ...201222712505
rapid spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china is aided differentially by two invasive whiteflies.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was introduced into china in 2006, approximately 10 years after the introduction of an invasive whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) b biotype. even so the distribution and prevalence of tylcv remained limited, and the economic damage was minimal. following the introduction of q biotype into china in 2003, the prevalence and spread of tylcv started to accelerate. this has lead to the hypothesis that the two biotypes might not be equally competent vectors of tylc ...201222514670
lower incidence and severity of tomato virus in elevated co(2) is accompanied by modulated plant induced defence in tomato.elevation in atmospheric co(2) concentration broadly affects plant phenology and physiology, and these effects may alter the performance of plant viruses. the effects of elevated co(2) on the susceptibility of tomato plants to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) were examined for two successive years in open top chambers (otc) in the field. we experimentally tested the hypothesis that elevated co(2) would reduce the incidence and severity of tylcv on tomato by altering plant defence strategies ...201222512888
acylsucrose-producing tomato plants forces bemisia tabaci to shift its preferred settling and feeding site.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (genn.) causes dramatic damage to plants by transmitting yield-limiting virus diseases. previous studies proved that the tomato breeding line abl 14-8 was resistant to b. tabaci, the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd). this resistance is based on the presence of type iv glandular trichomes and acylsucrose production. these trichomes deter settling and probing of b. tabaci in abl 14-8, which reduces primary and secondary spread of tylcd.201222427950
[molecular detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)].tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is currently considered as one of the most devastating viruses in cultivated tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. we reported here the development of a pcr-based method to quickly detect tylcv using the primer pairs (tylcv-f: 5'-acg cat gcc tct aat cca gtg ta-3' and tylcv-r: 5'-cca ata agg cgt aag cgt gta gac-3'), which was designed based on the genome sequence of tylcv. a tylcv-specific band of 543 bp was amplified from infected tomato plants. this pr ...201222425956
genome-wide identification of dicer-like, argonaute and rna-dependent rna polymerase gene families and their expression analyses in response to viral infection and abiotic stresses in solanum lycopersicum.dicer, argonaute and rna-dependent rna polymerase form the core components to trigger rna silencing. although tomato (solanum lycopersicum) is a dicotyledon model plant, no systematic analysis and expression profiling of these genes in tomato has been undertaken previously. in this study, seven dicer-like (sldcls), 15 argonaute (slagos) and six rna-dependent rna polymerase (slrdrs) genes were identified in tomato. these genes were categorized into four subgroups based on phylogenetic analyses. c ...201222406496
accurate and sensitive diagnosis of geminiviruses through enrichment, high-throughput sequencing and automated sequence identification.existing diagnostic techniques used to identify plant-infecting dna viruses and their associated molecules are often limited in their specificity and can be challenged by samples containing multiple viruses. we adapted a simple method of amplifying circular viral dna and, in combination with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, used it as a virus diagnostic method. we validated this diagnostic method with a plant sample infected with a tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus infect ...201222327393
a developmentally regulated lipocalin-like gene is overexpressed in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant tomato plants upon virus inoculation, and its silencing abolishes resistance.to discover genes involved in tomato resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), we previously compared cdna libraries from susceptible (s) and resistant (r) tomato lines. among the genes preferentially expressed in r plants and upregulated by tylcv infection was a gene encoding a lipocalin-like protein. this gene was termed solanum lycopersicum virus resistant/susceptible lipocalin (slvrslip). the slvrslip structural gene sequence of r and s plants was identical. slvrslip was expressed ...201222843056
upregulation of temperature susceptibility in bemisia tabaci upon acquisition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv).acquisition of plant viruses has various effects on physiological mechanisms in vector insects. bemisia tabaci is the only known vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which is a serious virus affecting tomato cultivars. in this study, the lifespan of q1 biotype was compared between non-viruliferous (nv) and tylcv-viruliferous (v) whiteflies. total lifespan from egg to adult death of nv whiteflies was 62.54 days but 10.64 days shorter in v whiteflies. we investigated the temperature su ...201222841829
whitefly population dynamics and evaluation of whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv)-resistant tomato genotypes as whitefly and tylcv reservoirs.sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), and whitefly-transmitted tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are major threats to tomato production in the southeastern united states. tylcv was introduced to florida from the caribbean islands and has spread to other southern states of the united states. in georgia, in recent years, the incidence of tylcv has been steadily increasing. studies were conducted to monitor population dynamics of whiteflies in the vegetable production belt of georgi ...201222928328
biological invasions of geminiviruses: case study of tylcv and bemisia tabaci in reunion island.in the last 20 years, molecular ecology approaches have proven to be extremely useful to identify and assess factors associated with viral emerging diseases, particularly in economically and socially important tropical crops such as maize (maize streak disease) and cassava (cassava mosaic disease). molecular ecology approaches were applied in reunion island to analyze the epidemic of tomato yellow leaf curl disease, which has been affecting the island since the end of the 1990s. before the invas ...201223235470
arsenophonus groel interacts with clcuv and is localized in midgut and salivary gland of whitefly b. tabaci.cotton leaf curl virus (clcuv) (gemininiviridae: begomovirus) is the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum). clcuv is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly species b. tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: alerodidae). b. tabaci contains several biotypes which harbor dissimilar bacterial endo-symbiotic community. it is reported that these bacterial endosymbionts produce a 63 kda chaperon groel protein which binds to geminivirus particles and protects them from rapid ...201222900008
adaptive evolution by recombination is not associated with increased mutation rates in maize streak virus.single-stranded (ss) dna viruses in the family geminiviridae are proving to be very useful in real-time evolution studies. the high mutation rate of geminiviruses and other ssdna viruses is somewhat mysterious in that their dna genomes are replicated in host nuclei by high fidelity host polymerases. although strand specific mutation biases observed in virus species from the geminivirus genus mastrevirus indicate that the high mutation rates in viruses in this genus may be due to mutational proce ...201223268599
advanced engineering of lipid metabolism in nicotiana benthamiana using a draft genome and the v2 viral silencing-suppressor protein.the transient leaf assay in nicotiana benthamiana is widely used in plant sciences, with one application being the rapid assembly of complex multigene pathways that produce new fatty acid profiles. this rapid and facile assay would be further improved if it were possible to simultaneously overexpress transgenes while accurately silencing endogenes. here, we report a draft genome resource for n. benthamiana spanning over 75% of the 3.1 gb haploid genome. this resource revealed a two-member nbfad2 ...201223300750
a new strain of tomato severe leaf curl virus and a unique variant of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from mexico.the complete genome sequence of a distinct variant of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il) and the dna-a sequence of a new strain of tomato severe leaf curl virus (toslcv) isolated in san luis potosi, mexico, are described and analyzed. the tylcv-il[mx:slp:11] variant differs from all tylcv-il isolates described so far by a unique 42-nt duplicated sequence comprising a part of the conserved stem-loop element of the virion-strand replication origin and adjacent regulatory sequences. ty ...201222684489
cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite as a plant gene delivery vector trans-activated by taxonomically diverse geminiviruses.cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb) replicates in tobacco, tomato and datura plants in the presence of the helper viruses tomato leaf curl virus-australia, iranian isolates of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato leaf curl karnataka virus, and beet severe curly top virus (bsctv). infectious recombinant clcumb constructs were made in which segments of either the camv 35s or the petunia chsa promoter replaced the clcumb βc1 orf, and these were designated pbinβδc1-35s and pbinβδc1-chsa, ...201222476203
high efficient of females of b-type bemisia tabaci as males in transmitting the whitefly-borne tomato yellow leaf curl virus to tomato plant with q-pcr method confirmation.it has been previously reported that tylcv can be transmitted from viruliferous males to non-viruliferous females and from viruliferous females to non-viruliferous males, but not between insects of the same sex; female whiteflies transmit tylcv-is with higher efficiency than males through symptoms recognition and viral dna identification in tomato test plants (one insect per plant, with 48 h aap and 48 h iap). however, it remains unclear whether non-infected female and male could obtain same vir ...201223336021
major tomato viruses in the mediterranean basin.tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) originated in south america and was brought to europe by the spaniards in the sixteenth century following their colonization of mexico. from europe, tomato was introduced to north america in the eighteenth century. tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world. the climatic conditions in the mediterranean basin favor tomato cultivation, where it is traditionally produced as an open-field plant. ...201222682165
molecular detection and partial characterization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in sri lanka.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is an important plant virus on one of the economically most important vegetable crops; tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). this had not been molecularly detected before, in sri lanka. tylcv-gn-sl was isolated from apparently infected tomato plants using modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) method in gannoruwa. associated begomoviruses were detected using deng 541/deng 540 and av 494/ac 1048 primer pairs. tylcv was detected for the first time i ...201224205755
expression of an entire bacterial operon in plants.multigene expression is required for metabolic engineering, i.e. coregulated expression of all genes in a metabolic pathway for the production of a desired secondary metabolite. to that end, several transgenic approaches have been attempted with limited success. better success has been achieved by transforming plastids with operons. il-60 is a platform of constructs driven from the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus. we demonstrate that il-60 enables nontransgenic expression of an entire ...201222353575
the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) v2 protein interacts with the host papain-like cysteine protease cyp1.the v2 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (tylcv) is an rna-silencing suppressor that counteracts the innate immune response of the host plant. however, this anti-host defense function of v2 may include targeting of other defensive mechanisms of the plant. specifically, we show that v2 recognizes and directly binds the tomato cyp1 protein, a member of the family of papain-like cysteine proteases which are involved in plant defense against diverse pathogens. this binding occurred both ...201222827939
implication of bemisia tabaci heat shock protein 70 in begomovirus-whitefly interactions.the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a major cosmopolitan pest capable of feeding on hundreds of plant species and transmits several major plant viruses. the most important and widespread viruses vectored by b. tabaci are in the genus begomovirus, an unusual group of plant viruses owing to their small, single-stranded dna genome and geminate particle morphology. b. tabaci transmits begomoviruses in a persistent circulative nonpropagative manner. evidence suggests that the whitefly vector e ...201223015709
effect of a single amino acid substitution in the nls domain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il) capsid protein (cp) on its activity and on the virus life cycle.the capsid protein (cp) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel (tylcv-il), encoded by the v1 gene, is the only known component of the viral capsid. three point mutations introduced into the conserved nls region of the cp were investigated. one mutant, in which the arg at position 19 was converted to leu, had the most significant effect on the cp-cp homotypic interaction as well as on cp's interaction with its nuclear receptor karyopherin a1 and with the protein groel. the latter has been sugges ...201121376764
resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus accumulation in the tomato wild relative solanum habrochaites associated with the c4 viral protein.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is a severe threat to tomato crops worldwide and is caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and several other begomoviruses (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae). host plant resistance is the best tylcd control method but limited sources of resistance are available. in this study, two solanum habrochaites tylcd-resistance sources, eelm-388 and eelm-889, were found after a wide germplasm screening and were further characterized. a consistent res ...201121405986
ecology and management of whitefly-transmitted viruses of vegetable crops in florida.a variety of fresh market vegetables, including watermelon and tomato are economically important crops in florida. whitefly-transmitted squash vein yellowing virus (sqvyv) was first identified in squash and watermelon in florida in 2005 and shown to cause a severe decline of watermelon vines as crops approach harvest. florida is most economically impacted by sqvyv, although the virus has been detected more recently in indiana and south carolina. the origin and evolutionary history of sqvyv, one ...201121549768
phylogenetic lineage of tobacco leaf curl virus in korea and estimation of recombination events implicated in their sequence variation.new strains of tobacco leaf curl virus (tblcv) were isolated from tomato plants in four different local communities of korea, and hence were designated tblcv-kr. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the whole genome and of individual orfs of these viruses indicated that they are closely related to the tobacco leaf curl japan virus (tblcjv) cluster, which includes honeysuckle yellow vein virus (hyvv), honeysuckle yellow vein mosaic virus (hyvmv), and tblcjv isolates. four putative recombinat ...201121549772
comparison of phenotypes produced in response to transient expression of genes encoded by four distinct begomoviruses in nicotiana benthamiana and their correlation with the levels of developmental mirnas.abstract: background: whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) are a major limiting factor for the production of numerous dicotyledonous crops throughout the world. begomoviruses differ in the number of components that make up their genomes and association with satellites, and yet they cause strikingly similar phenotypes, such as leaf curling, chlorosis and stunted plant growth. micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas that regulate plant growth and development. the study described ...201121592402
whitefly resistance traits derived from the wild tomato solanum pimpinellifollium affect the preference and feeding behavior of bemisia tabaci and reduce the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus.breeding of tomato genotypes that limit whitefly (bemisia tabaci) access and feeding might reduce the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a begomovirus (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) that is the causal agent of tomato yellow leaf curl disease. tylcv is restricted to the phloem and is transmitted in a persistent manner by b. tabaci. the tomato breeding line abl 14-8 was developed by introgressing type iv leaf glandular trichomes and secretion of acylsucroses from the wild ...201121615206
a novel synthetic quantification standard including virus and internal report targets: application for the detection and quantification of emerging begomoviruses on tomato.abstract: background: begomovirus is a genus of phytopathogenic single-stranded dna viruses, transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. this genus includes emerging and economically significant viruses such as those associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease, for which diagnostic tools are needed to prevent dispersion and new introductions. five real-time pcrs with an internal tomato reporter gene were developed for accurate detection and quantification of monopartite begomoviruses, includ ...201121819593
Pathogenicity and insect transmission of a begomovirus complex between tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AYVB) are members of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). TYLCV and AYVB have been found in Japan over the last 15 years, and are associated with tomato leaf curl and the tomato yellow leaf curl diseases (TYLCD). AYVB is also associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. We have cloned both TYLCV and AYVB and demonstrated that TYLCV can trans-replicate with AYVB in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants. A ...201122105924
top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology.many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the gen ...201122017770
V2 protein encoded by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is an RNA silencing suppressor.The V2 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was identified as an RNA silencing suppressor by Agrobacterium-mediated co-infiltration. The V2 protein could inhibit local RNA silencing, systemic RNA silencing of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and the spread of a systemic GFP RNA silencing signal. However, the V2 could not interfere with the cell-to-cell spread of RNA silencing. Subcellular localization assay indicated that the V2 protein was distributed in the cytoplas ...201121893116
silencing of orfs c2 and c4 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus engenders resistant or tolerant plants.the il-60 system is a transient universal vector system for expression and silencing in plants [1]. this vector has been derived from tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). the viral intergenic region (ir) is a non-coding short (314 b) sequence separating the viral sense-oriented genes from the complementary-oriented genes. ir carries the viral origin of replication as well as a promoter at each end. placing a gene segment between two irs at opposite orientations followed by trans-activation of ...201122253651
expression of artificial micrornas in tomato confers efficient and stable virus resistance in a cell-autonomous manner.expression of artificial micrornas (amirnas) in plants can target and degrade the invading viral rna, consequently conferring virus resistance. two amirnas, targeting the coding sequence shared by the 2a and 2b genes and the highly conserved 3' untranslated region (utr) of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), respectively, were generated and introduced into the susceptible tomato. the transgenic tomato plants expressing amirnas displayed effective resistance to cmv infection and cmv mixed with non-targe ...201120835923
chromosomal rearrangements between tomato and solanum chilense hamper mapping and breeding of the tylcv resistance gene ty-1.tomato yellow leaf curl disease, a devastating disease of solanum lycopersicum (tomato), is caused by a complex of begomoviruses generally referred to as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv). almost all breeding for tylcv resistance has been based on the introgression of the ty-1 resistance locus derived from solanum chilense la1969. knowledge about the exact location of ty-1 on tomato chromosome 6 will help in understanding the genomic organization of the ty-1 locus. in this study, we analyze ...201121883550
complex recombination patterns arising during geminivirus coinfections preserve and demarcate biologically important intra-genome interaction networks.genetic recombination is an important process during the evolution of many virus species and occurs particularly frequently amongst begomoviruses in the single stranded dna virus family, geminiviridae. as in many other recombining viruses it is apparent that non-random recombination breakpoint distributions observable within begomovirus genomes sampled from nature are the product of variations both in basal recombination rates across genomes and in the over-all viability of different recombinant ...201121949649
a common set of developmental mirnas are upregulated in nicotiana benthamiana by diverse begomoviruses.begomoviruses are single-stranded dna viruses that cause economically important diseases of many crops throughout the world and induce symptoms in plants, including enations, leaf curling and stunting, that resemble developmental abnormalities. micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous rnas that are involved in a variety of activities, including plant development, signal transduction and protein degradation, as well as response to environmental stress, and pathogen invasion.201121447165
the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from the middle east to the world.the ongoing global spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv; genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) represents a serious looming threat to tomato production in all temperate parts of the world. whereas determining where and when tylcv movements have occurred could help curtail its spread and prevent future movements of related viruses, determining the consequences of past tylcv movements could reveal the ecological and economic risks associated with similar viral invasions. towards this ...201021060815
genetic diversity of tomato-infecting tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) isolates in korea.epidemic outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) diseases occurred in greenhouse grown tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants of busan (tylcv-bus), boseong (tylcv-bos), hwaseong (tylcv-hwas), jeju island (tylcv-jeju), and nonsan (tylcv-nons) in korea during 2008-2009. tomato disease by tylcv has never occurred in korea before. we synthesized the full-length genomes of each tylcv isolate from the tomato plants collected at each area and determined their nucleotides (nt) sequences and ded ...201020963475
phylogenetic analysis and inflow route of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and bemisia tabaci in korea.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the genus begomovirus of the family geminiviridae, members of which are characterized by closed circular single-stranded dna genomes of 2.7-2.8 kb in length, and include viruses transmitted by the bemisia tabaci whitefly. no reports of tylcv in korea are available prior to 2008, after which tylcv spread rapidly to most regions of the southern korean peninsula (gyeongsang-do, jeolla-do and jeju-do). fifty full sequences of tylcv were analyzed i ...201020981497
an unusual alphasatellite associated with monopartite begomoviruses attenuates symptoms and reduces betasatellite accumulation.the oman strain of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv-om) and its associated betasatellite, an isolate of tomato leaf curl betasatellite (tolcb), were previously reported from oman. here we report the isolation of a second, previously undescribed, begomovirus [tomato leaf curl oman virus (tolcomv)] and an alphasatellite from that same plant sample. this alphasatellite is closely related (90 % shared nucleotide identity) to an unusual dna-2-type ageratum yellow vein singapore alphasatellite (ay ...201021084498
tomato yellow leaf curl viruses: ménage à trois between the virus complex, the plant and the whitefly vector.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting tomato crops in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. here, we focus on the interactions through recombination between the different begomovirus species causing tylcd, provide an overview of the interactions with the cellular genes involved in viral replication, and highlight recent progress on the relationships between these viruses and their vector, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. t ...201020618703
the transmission efficiency of tomato yellow leaf curl virus by the whitefly bemisia tabaci is correlated with the presence of a specific symbiotic bacterium species.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) (geminiviridae: begomovirus) is exclusively vectored by the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). tylcv transmission depends upon a 63-kda groel protein produced by the vector's endosymbiotic bacteria. b. tabaci is a species complex comprising several genetically distinct biotypes that show different secondary-symbiont fauna. in israel, the b biotype harbors hamiltonella, and the q biotype harbors wolbachia and arsenophonus. both biot ...201020631135
comparative post-harvest behaviour of traditional and virus-resistant muchamiel tomatoes.nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. in this study, post-harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (muchamiel). the breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the tr ...201020355147
an efficient in vitro-inoculation method for tomato yellow leaf curl virus.tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a member of the family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus. to test the infectivity of tylcv in tomato plants, an improved protocol for inoculation of in vitro-cultured tomato plants was developed.201020429892
inoculation of plants with begomoviruses by particle bombardment without cloning: using rolling circle amplification of total dna from infected plants and whiteflies.a new system for inoculation of plants with begomoviral dna without cloning or the use insect vectors is described. total dna extracted from begomovirus-infected plants was amplified by rolling circle amplification (rca) using the bacteriophage phi29 dna polymerase, and inoculated to plants by particle bombardment. infection rates of up to 100% were obtained using this technique. this technique successfully inoculated all the begomoviruses evaluated: five bipartite (bean golden yellow mosaic vir ...201020447420
oligonucleotide microarray-based detection and identification of 10 major tomato viruses.a dna microarray chip was developed for screening 10 major economically important tomato viruses from infected plants using "combimatrix" platform 40-mer oligonucleotide probes. a total of 279 oligonucleotide virus probes were specific for simultaneous multiple detection, identification, differentiation and/or genotyping of each of the following tomato rna viruses and/or strains and a virus satellite: cucumber mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna, tomatoinfectiouschlorosisvirus, tom ...201020470828
tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection of a resistant tomato line with a silenced sucrose transporter gene leht1 results in inhibition of growth, enhanced virus spread, and necrosis.to identify genes involved in resistance of tomato to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), cdna libraries from lines resistant (r) and susceptible (s) to the virus were compared. the hexose transporter leht1 was found to be expressed preferentially in r tomato plants. the role of leht1 in the establishment of tylcv resistance was studied in r plants where leht1 has been silenced using tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (trv vigs). following tylcv inoculation, leht1-silenced r plants s ...201019946703
inhibition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) using whey proteins.the antiviral activity of native and esterified whey proteins fractions (alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin) was studied to inhibit tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) on infected tomato plants. whey proteins fractions and their esterified derivatives were sprayed into tylcv-infected plants. samples were collected from infected leaves before treatment, 7 and 15 days after treatment for dna and molecular hybridization analysis. the most evident inhibition of virus replicatio ...201020128897
differentiation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus using real-time taqman pcr.during the past four decades, tomato yellow leaf curl disease has become one of the major constraints in tomato production worldwide. in the mediterranean basin, several isolates from two major begomovirus species are involved in outbreaks and persistent epidemics. a real-time taqman pcr assay was developed and evaluated for the rapid and multiplex detection and differentiation of two begomoviruses often found in mixed infections in the region, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and tomato ye ...201020153376
an epidemiological survey of tylcd in southern sardinia (italy).tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) are among the most virulent pathogens of greenhouse tomatoes in sardinia (italy). to investigate the relationship between seasonal population trends of the vector bemisia tabaci and the dynamics of tylcd spread to susceptible crops, between may and october 2007 we carried out a survey in a tomato growing area located in the south of the island. on three farms specialized in the production of fresh market to ...200920222569
severe outbreak of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus on pepper in southern italy.during summer and autumn 2008 a severe outbreak of pepper leaf curl disease (plcd) was observed in pepper crops under plastic tunnels in the ionic coast of basilicata region. its incidence reached, in some cases, values close to 50%. the beginning of infections was recorded along the perimeter of the tunnels, where it reached a percentage of almost 100%. the infection then progressively spread towards the central areas of the greenhouses. large populations of whiteflies, identificated as bemisia ...200920222578
expressing a whitefly groel protein in nicotiana benthamiana plants confers tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and cucumber mosaic virus, but not to grapevine virus a or tobacco mosaic virus.transgenesis offers many ways to obtain virus-resistant plants. however, in most cases resistance is against a single virus or viral strain. we have taken a novel approach based on the ability of a whitefly endosymbiotic groel to bind viruses belonging to several genera, in vivo and in vitro. we have expressed the groel gene in nicotiana benthamiana plants, postulating that upon virus inoculation, groel will bind to virions, thereby interfering with pathogenesis. the transgenic plants were inocu ...200919184338
validation of high rates of nucleotide substitution in geminiviruses: phylogenetic evidence from east african cassava mosaic viruses.whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses are major pathogens of the important crop cassava in africa. the intensive sampling and sequencing of cassava mosaic disease-causing viruses that occurred in the wake of a severe outbreak in central africa (1997-2002) allowed us to estimate the rate of evolution of this virus. east african cassava mosaic virus and related species are obligately bipartite (dna-a and dna-b segments), and these two genome segments have different evolutionary histories. despite the ...200919264617
a severe symptom phenotype in tomato in mali is caused by a reassortant between a novel recombinant begomovirus (tomato yellow leaf curl mali virus) and a betasatellite.tomato production in west africa has been severely affected by begomovirus diseases, including yellow leaf curl and a severe symptom phenotype, characterized by extremely stunted and distorted growth and small deformed leaves. here, a novel recombinant begomovirus from mali, tomato yellow leaf curl mali virus (tylcmlv), is described that, alone, causes tomato yellow leaf curl disease or, in combination with a betasatellite, causes the severe symptom phenotype. tylcmlv is an old world monopartite ...200919400843
a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for localization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and potato leafroll virus in plant and insect vectors.a simple, rapid, inexpensive method for the localization of virus transcripts in plant and insect vector tissues is reported here. the method based on fluorescent in situ hybridization using short dna oligonucleotides complementary to an rna segment representing a virus transcript in the infected plant or insect vector. the dna probe harbors a fluorescent molecule at its 5' or 3' ends. the protocol: simple fixation, hybridization, minimal washing and confocal microscopy, provides a highly specif ...200919406154
silencing of a single gene in tomato plants resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus renders them susceptible to the virus.a reverse-genetics approach was applied to identify genes involved in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) resistance, taking advantage of two tomato inbred lines from the same breeding program-one susceptible (s), one resistant (r-that used solanum habrochaites as the source of resistance. cdna libraries from inoculated and non-inoculated r and s plants were compared, postulating that genes preferentially expressed in the r line may be part of the network sustaining resistance to tylcv. furthe ...200919533378
use of tomato leaf curl virus (tylcv) truncated rep gene sequence to engineer tylcv resistance in tomato plants.tomato yellow leaf curl disease causes severe losses in tomato production throughout mediterranean countries including tunisia. in order to generate engineered resistance to this disease, an intron-hairpin rna construct harboring a tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) truncated replication-associated protein (rep) gene was used to transform genotype of tomato plants. prepared transgenic plants were agro-inoculated with tunisian infectious strain of tylcsv and screened for the resistan ...200919537910
interaction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus with diverse betasatellites enhances symptom severity.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a begomovirus isolated from tomato exhibiting leaf curling and yellowing symptoms in tochigi prefecture in japan. the genome organization of this virus was similar to those of other old world monopartite begomoviruses. neither a dna betasatellite nor a dna-b component was detected. it had the highest total nucleotide sequence identity (99%) with tomato yellow leaf curl virus-israel[japan:tosa:2005] (tylcv-il[jr:tos:05]) and tylcv-israel[japan:h ...200919575277
molecular characterization and pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in china.several tomato production regions in china were surveyed for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd), and 31 tomato leaf samples showing tylcd-like symptoms were collected. the partial or full-length genomes of these isolates were sequenced and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) was detected in shanghai, zhejiang, jiangsu shandong and hebei provinces of china. the tylcv isolates found in china share high sequence identity ([98%) and have more than 97% sequence identity with tylcvil[ il:reo] ( ...200919590945
laboratory evaluation of products to reduce settling of sweetpotato whitefly adults.the impact of trademarked and commercial products on settling of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), was studied in the laboratory. a no-choice bioassay using leaf disks of tomato, solanum esculentum l., was developed to evaluate the impact of concentration series of products on settling of b. tabaci adults. the concentration of each product that would reduce settling by 50% (sc50) was estimated for each product using standard probit analyses, and the values were comp ...200919736760
construction of plants resistant to tylcv by using artificial zinc-finger proteins.previously, we have demonstrated that plant dna virus replication could be inhibited in arabidopsis thaliana by using an artificial zinc-finger protein (azp) and created azp-based transgenic a. thaliana resistant to dna virus infection. here we apply the azp technology to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) causing serious damage to an important agricultural crop, tomato. an azp was designed to block binding of the tylcv replication protein (rep) to the replication origin. the designed azp had ...200919749370
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