Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| susceptibility of australian redfin perch perca fluviatilis experimentally challenged with epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv). | the ranavirus epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is endemic to australia and is listed by the office international des epizooties. clinical outbreaks have only been observed in wild populations of redfin perch perca fluviatilis (also known as eurasian perch) and farmed populations of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the initial outbreaks of ehnv describe all age-classes of redfin perch as being susceptible and can lead to epidemic fish kills. subsequently, experimental challenge stu ... | 2016 | 27229663 |
| microencapsulation of a putative probiotic enterobacter species, c6-6, to protect rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against bacterial coldwater disease. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), which has a major impact on salmonid aquaculture globally. an enterobacter species, c6-6, isolated from the gut of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), has been identified as a potential probiotic species providing protection against bcwd. this study examined the effects of alginate microencapsulation on the protective efficacy of c6-6 against bcwd in vivo when administered to rainbow trout fry or ... | 2016 | 25272249 |
| proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression kinetics following challenge with flavobacterium psychrophilum in resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | flavobacterium psychrophilum (fp) is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (bcwd) which causes appreciable economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture. we previously reported development of a genetic line, designated ars-fp-r that exhibits higher survival relative to a susceptible line, designated ars-fp-s, following either laboratory or natural on-farm challenge. the objectives of this study were to determine the temporal kinetics of gene expression between experimentally-challen ... | 2016 | 27693200 |
| genetic diversity of flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from three oncorhynchus spp. in the united states, as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. | the use of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technique has identified the intraspecific genetic diversity of u.s. flavobacterium psychrophilum, an important pathogen of salmonids worldwide. prior to this analysis, little u.s. f. psychrophilum genetic information was known; this is of importance when considering targeted control strategies, including vaccine development. herein, mlst was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 96 f. psychrophilum isolates recovered from rainbow trout (onco ... | 2016 | 27016570 |
| case report: strawberry disease in farmed chilean rainbow trout. | strawberry disease is a chronic, nonlethal skin condition that affects rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the united states and several european countries, where it is also known as red-mark syndrome. we provide the first identification and characterization of three strawberry disease outbreaks occurring at two aquaculture farms in southern chile. clinically affected fish weighing an average of 400 g presented multiple bright-red, usually raised, skin lesions on the flank, ventral surface, and ... | 2016 | 26913369 |
| genomic organization, expression and antimicrobial activity of a hepcidin from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a crucial role in innate immune system of teleost fish. as a cysteine-rich peptide, hepcidin possesses a dual function including iron regulation and innate immunity. in the present study, a full-length hepcidin cdna (hthep) was cloned and characterized by rt-pcr and race techniques from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas), which is a type of rare, precious and cold-water fish species in china. the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 267 bp encoding 88 ... | 2016 | 27452973 |
| high nutrient concentration can induce virulence factor expression and cause higher virulence in an environmentally transmitted pathogen. | environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. these environments differ from each other especially with respect to nutrient availability. consequently, the pathogens are required to regulate their behavior in response to environmental cues in order to survive, but how nutrients control the virulence in opportunistic pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, we examined how nutrient l ... | 2016 | 27193154 |
| virulence of flavobacterium columnare genomovars in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture. f. columnare is a gram-negative bacterium, and 5 genetic types or genomovars have been described based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s rrna gene. previous research has suggested that genomovar ii isolates are more virulent than genomovar i isolates to multiple species of fish, including rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in addition, impr ... | 2016 | 27503917 |
| host infection history modifies co-infection success of multiple parasite genotypes. | co-infections by multiple parasite genotypes are common and have important implications for host-parasite ecology and evolution through within-host interactions. typically, these infections take place sequentially, and therefore, the outcome of co-infection may be shaped by host immune responses triggered by previous infections. for example, in vertebrates, specific immune responses play a central role in protection against disease over the course of life, but co-infection research has mostly fo ... | 2016 | 26589834 |
| a dna vaccine encoding the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype ivb glycoprotein confers protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (salmo trutta), and lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). | the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) is one of the most serious fish pathogens. in 2003, a novel sublineage (genotype ivb) of this deadly virus emerged in the great lakes basin causing serious fish kills. we have previously demonstrated that a dna plasmid (pcdna), containing a cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter and the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) genotype ivb glycoprotein (g) gene insert (designated pvhsivb-g) confers moderate protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), a hi ... | 2016 | 27912771 |
| innate immune and growth promoting responses to caper (capparis spinosa) extract in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | cytokine responses, non-specific immune activity and growth promotion effect of dietary caper (capparis spinosa) supplementation were examined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). rainbow trout (12.04 ± 0.71 g) were fed diets containing three doses of caper methanolic extract [0 (control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg(-1) of feed] for 30 days. at the end of the feeding trial, expression levels of cytokine genes that included il-1β, il-8, tgf-β, il-12p40, tnf-α1 and il-10 in head kidney was analyzed using ... | 2016 | 27546553 |
| protective effects of the prebiotic on the immunological indicators of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with aeromonas hydrophila. | the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of dietary administration of commercial prebiotic, immunogen, on immunological indicators, enzymatic responses and stress tolerance in juvenile (81.65 ± 1.49) rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following aeromonas hydrophila infection. the first group of fish was fed with the diet containing 2 g kg(-1) immunogen whilst the control group received the diet free of immunogen. there were three replicates per group. after 6 weeks feedin ... | 2016 | 27184111 |
| increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss). juvenile rainbow trout were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80 kg m(-3) and reared for 30 days. the relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as hsp70, lyzii, tnf-1α, il-1β, il-8 and ifn-γ1 in the head kidney was determined. serum cortisol, acth, total antioxidant ca ... | 2016 | 26549176 |
| expression and antimicrobial activity of c-type lysozyme in taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | lysozymes are important defense proteins of the innate immune system and possess high antibacterial activities. in the present study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cdna (htlysc) was cloned and characterized from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 432 bp encoding 143 amino acid (aa), with 97% identity to lysc of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the amino acid sequence possessed a lyz1 domain (16-140 aa) which contained two conserved residues (glu 5 ... | 2016 | 27267655 |
| cross talk between growth and immunity: coupling of the igf axis to conserved cytokine pathways in rainbow trout. | although disease and infection is associated with attenuated growth, the molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized. we postulated that the igf axis, a central governor of vertebrate growth, is repressed during infection to promote resource reallocation towards immunity. this hypothesis was tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged by aeromonas salmonicida (as), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) at hatch, first feeding, and ... | 2016 | 27035654 |
| antigens of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specifically induced in vivo in oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2016 | 26661507 | |
| high concentration of red clay as an alternative for antibiotics in aquaculture. | the use of antibiotics in aquaculture raises environmental and food safety concerns because chronic exposure of an aquatic ecosystem to antibiotics can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance, bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the organisms, and transfer of antibiotics to humans. in an attempt to overcome these problems, high-concentration red clay was applied as an alternative antibiotic against the following common fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio alginolyticus, and streptoc ... | 2016 | 26528535 |
| symbiont-derived sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and b cells in teleost fish. | symbiotic bacteria and mucosal immunoglobulins have co-evolved for millions of years in vertebrate animals. symbiotic bacteria products are known to modulate different aspects of the host immune system. we recently reported that flectobacillus major is a predominant species that lives in the gill and skin mucosal surfaces of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). f. major is known to produce sphingolipids of a unique molecular structure. here we propose a role for f. major and its sphingolipids in ... | 2016 | 27966609 |
| piscirickettsia salmonis imbalances the innate immune response to succeed in a productive infection in a salmonid cell line model. | piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease called "salmon rickettsial syndrome". attempts to control this disease have been unsuccessful, because existing vaccines have not achieved the expected effectiveness and the antibiotics used fail to completely eradicate the pathogen. this is in part the product of lack of scientific information that still lacks on the mechanisms used by this bacterium to overcome infected-cell responses and survive to induc ... | 2016 | 27723816 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle satellite cells are targets of salmonid alphavirus infection. | sleeping disease in rainbow trout is characterized by an abnormal swimming behaviour of the fish which stay on their side at the bottom of the tanks. this sign is due to extensive necrosis and atrophy of red skeletal muscle induced by the sleeping disease virus (sdv), also called salmonid alphavirus 2. infections of humans with arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (chikv), are global causes of debilitating musculoskeletal diseases. the mechanisms by which the virus causes these ... | 2016 | 26743565 |
| increasing virulence, but not infectivity, associated with serially emergent virus strains of a fish rhabdovirus. | surveillance and genetic typing of field isolates of a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), has identified four dominant viral genotypes that were involved in serial viral emergence and displacement events in steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in western north america. to investigate drivers of these landscape-scale events, ihnv isolates designated 007, 111, 110, and 139, representing the four relevant genotypes, were compared for virulence and infectivity in cont ... | 2016 | 27774291 |
| puffy skin disease is an emerging transmissible condition in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | the transmission of puffy skin disease (psd) to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum was tested in the laboratory by conducting co-habitation challenges with puffy skin (ps)-affected fish (trojans) collected from the field. two separate challenges were conducted using trojans sourced from two different sites and diploid (first trial) or triploid (second trial) naïve fish. psd-specific clinical signs were observed in both groups of naïve fish, with 66% of the fish sampled during the challeng ... | 2016 | 27391648 |
| two virus-induced micrornas known only from teleost fishes are orthologues of micrornas involved in cell cycle control in humans. | micrornas (mirnas) are ~22 base pair-long non-coding rnas which regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells by binding to specific target regions in mrnas to mediate transcriptional blocking or mrna cleavage. through their fundamental roles in cellular pathways, gene regulation mediated by mirnas has been shown to be involved in almost all biological phenomena, including development, metabolism, cell cycle, tumor formation, and host-pathogen interactions. to address the latter ... | 2015 | 26207374 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ... | 2015 | 26266270 |
| histopathological findings in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with 3 different aeromonas species. | this study describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with genetically identified aeromonas salmonicida, a. hydrophila, and a. veronii species. the genus aeromonas includes bacteria that naturally inhabit both waterways and organisms. at least 27 aeromonas species have been identified to date, some of which can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. as up to 68.8% of aeromonas isolates may be misidentified in rout ... | 2015 | 26130859 |
| effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of onchorhynchus mykiss to aeromonas salmonicida. | in recent years, feed additives have increasingly been adopted by the aquaculture industry. these supplements not only offer an alternative to antibiotics but have also been linked to enhanced growth performance. however, the literature is still limited and provides contradictory information on their effectiveness. this is mainly due to the wide variety of available products and their complex mechanisms of action. phytogenic feed additives have been shown to have antimicrobial effects and can im ... | 2015 | 26119300 |
| steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida. | the oxygen consumption (mo2) of two groups of 10° c acclimated steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss was measured for 72 h after they were given a 100 µl kg(-1) intraperitoneal injection of formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida (asal) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). in addition, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish from both groups prior to, and 1 and 3 h after, they were given a 30 s net stress. the first group was fed an unaltered commercial diet for 4 weeks, whereas the second group ... | 2015 | 26010230 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| comparative evaluation of infection methods and environmental factors on challenge success: aeromonas salmonicida infection in vaccinated rainbow trout. | when testing vaccine-induced protection an effective and reliable challenge method is a basic requirement and we here present a comparative study on different challenge methods used for infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with aeromonas salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen eliciting furunculosis. fish were vaccinated with three different adjuvanted trivalent vaccines containing formalin killed a. salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2a. these were 1) the commercial vaccine alpha ject ... | 2015 | 25783001 |
| the adjuvant effect of low frequency ultrasound when applied with an inactivated aeromonas salmonicida vaccine to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | vaccine adjuvants are classified according to their properties of either inducing the persistence of antigens within the animal after immunisation and/or activation of the animal's immune response. the adjuvant effect of low intensity low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) was tested in rainbow trout using an aeromonas salmonicida bacterin vaccine administered by immersion vaccination using lfs at 37 khz. the adjuvant effect obtained with lfs was compared with that of normal immersion or intraperitone ... | 2015 | 25613719 |
| cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene. | interleukin-6 (il6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. its expression is inducible in immune cells and tissues of several fish species. we also found that il6 mrna abundance was significantly increased in spleen, liver, and gill of rainbow trout after experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. genomic dna sequences of il6 orthologs from three salmonid species revealed a conserved exon/intron structure and a high overall nucleotide identity of >88%. to un ... | 2015 | 25549935 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| pro-inflammatory caspase-1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | in response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro-inflammatory caspase-1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. to date, caspase-1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. in this study, the detection of the active form of caspase-1 during the immune response in s ... | 2015 | 25477241 |
| biological control of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using aeromonas phage pas-1. | the potential control efficacy of aeromonas phage pas-1 was evaluated against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) model in this study. the phage was co-cultured with the virulent a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain as05 that possesses the type iii secretion system (ttss) ascv gene, and efficient bacteriolytic activity was observed against the bacteria. the administration of pas-1 in rainbow trout demonstrated that the phage was cleared f ... | 2015 | 23594036 |
| effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic containing bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus reuteri has been examined for its effects on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout. three groups of sub-adult trout were stocked into experimental tanks. a commercial diet was used as control, while the other two groups received diets supplemented with the multi-strain probiot ... | 2015 | 25411048 |
| the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1) replication in tissues of experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | salmon pancreas disease (spd) is one of the most commercially significant viral diseases of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in europe. in this study, the potential for dietary mitigation of the disease using different polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) profiles was assessed in rainbow trout. we experimentally infected fish with salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1), the causative agent of spd. these fish were fed two diets with different n-3/n-6 pufa r ... | 2015 | 25935121 |
| the influence of infective dose on the virulence of a generalist pathogen in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebra fish (danio rerio). | pathogen density and genetic diversity fluctuate in the outside-host environment during and between epidemics, affecting disease emergence and the severity and probability of infections. although the importance of these factors for pathogen virulence and infection probability has been acknowledged, their interactive effects are not well understood. we studied how an infective dose in an environmentally transmitted opportunistic fish pathogen, flavobacterium columnare, affects its virulence both ... | 2015 | 26421435 |
| the use of phage fcl-2 as an alternative to chemotherapy against columnaris disease in aquaculture. | flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease in fish, causes millions of dollars of losses in the us channel catfish industry alone, not to mention aquaculture industry worldwide. novel methods are needed for the control and treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture to replace traditionally used chemotherapies. a potential solution could be the use of phages, i.e., bacterial viruses, host-specific and self-enriching particles that can be can easily distributed via wat ... | 2015 | 26347722 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) resistance to columnaris disease is heritable and favorably correlated with bacterial cold water disease resistance. | columnaris disease (cd), caused by flavobacterium columnare, is an emerging disease affecting rainbow trout aquaculture. objectives of this study were to 1) estimate heritability of cd resistance in a rainbow trout line (ars-fp-r) previously selected 4 generations for improved bacterial cold water disease (bcwd) resistance; 2) estimate genetic correlations among cd resistance, bcwd resistance, and growth to market bw; and 3) compare cd resistance among the ars-fp-r, ars-fp-s (selected 1 generati ... | 2015 | 26020176 |
| isolation of a novel aquatic birnavirus from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in australia. | in november 2010, a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hatchery in victoria reported increased mortality rates in diploid and triploid female fingerlings. live and moribund fish were submitted for laboratory investigation. all fish showed hyperpigmentation of the cranial half of the body. histological lesions were seen in all areas of skin examined despite the localised nature of the gross lesions. there was irregular hyperplasia and spongiosis, alternating with areas of thinning and architectu ... | 2015 | 25993886 |
| interactions of highly and low virulent flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout. | the interactions of flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) were investigated. both fish species were exposed to different high (hv) or low virulence (lv) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the hv-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of ... | 2015 | 25889257 |
| gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout. | challenge models generating gill lesions typical for columnaris disease were developed for the fry of both common carp cyprinus carpio and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss by means of an immersion challenge and flavobacterium columnare field isolates were characterized regarding virulence. carp inoculated with highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse, whitish discoloration of the gills affecting all arches, while in trout mostly unilateral focal lesions, which were restricted to the first two ... | 2015 | 25488182 |
| β-defensin in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus): sequence, tissue expression, and anti-bacterial activity of synthetic peptides. | beta-defensins (β-defensins) are small cationic amphiphilic peptides that are widely distributed in plants, insects, and vertebrates, and are important for their antimicrobial properties. in this study, the β-defensin (onβ-defensin) gene of the nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) was cloned from spleen tissue. onβ-defensin has a genomic dna sequence of 674 bp and produces a cdna of 454 bp. sequence alignments showed that onβ-defensin contains three exons and two introns. sequence analysis of th ... | 2015 | 25871516 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum infections in salmonid broodstock and hatchery-propagated stocks of the great lakes basin. | bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum, threatens wild and propagated salmonids worldwide and leads to substantial economic losses. in addition to being horizontally transmitted, f. psychrophilum can be passed from infected parents to their progeny, furthering the negative impacts of this pathogen. in michigan, both feral and captive salmonid broodstocks are the gamete sources used in fishery propagation efforts. a 5-year study was initiated to follow the prev ... | 2015 | 26636411 |
| potential mechanisms of attenuation for rifampicin-passaged strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease in salmonids. earlier research showed that a rifampicin-passaged strain of f. psychrophilum (csf 259-93b.17) caused no disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) while inducing a protective immune response against challenge with the virulent csf 259-93 strain. we hypothesized that rifampicin passage leads to an accumulation of genomic mutations that, by chance, reduce virulence. to assess the pattern ... | 2015 | 26377311 |
| comparison of quantitative pcr and elisa for detection and quantification of flavobacterium psychrophilum in salmonid broodstock. | a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay was developed for flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease. the assay was targeted to fp1493 as it encodes a putative outer membrane protein (fp1493) that is reactive to the monoclonal antibody (mab fl43) used in a standardized f. psychrophilum capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the qpcr was specific to f. psychrophilum and was able to detect between 8 and 809000 copies of fp1493. to determine if antigen leve ... | 2015 | 26203885 |
| effect of hydrogen peroxide and/or flavobacterium psychrophilum on the gills of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the immune response and morphological changes in the gills of rainbow trout fry after immersion in hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), flavobacterium psychrophilum or combined exposure were examined. the gills were sampled 4, 48, 125 and 192 h after exposure, and the regulation of expression of the following genes was investigated using qpcr: igt, igm, cd8, cd4, mhc i, mhc ii, il-4/13a, tcr-β, il-10, il-1β, il-17, saa and foxp3. bacteria were not observed in haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained gill tissue, but ... | 2015 | 25830180 |
| systemic and mucosal immune response of rainbow trout to immunization with an attenuated flavobacterium psychrophilum vaccine strain by different routes. | teleosts possess three immunoglobulin (ig) heavy chain isotypes viz., igm, igt and igd and all three isotypes are reported in rainbow trout. the expression of these ig isotypes in response to different immunization routes was investigated and results provide a better understanding of the role these igs in different tissues. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with an attenuated flavobacterium psychrophilum strain, 259-93-b.17 grown under iron limiting conditions, by intraperitonea ... | 2015 | 25687393 |
| use of penicillin and streptomycin to reduce spread of bacterial coldwater disease i: antibiotics in sperm extenders. | bacterial coldwater disease caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum has led to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. the bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid. methods for disinfecting ovarian fluid and unfertilized eggs are available, but methods for disinfecting sperm have not been described. in this study we determined whether sperm extenders containing a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin can be used to eliminate ... | 2015 | 25581335 |
| use of penicillin and streptomycin to reduce spread of bacterial coldwater disease ii: efficacy of using antibiotics in diluents and during water hardening. | bacterial coldwater disease, caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum, has lead to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. the bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid and can enter the egg during fertilization. the addition of antibiotics to diluents and water-hardening solutions could prevent the spread of the disease. in separate trials, a mixture of 0.197 mg/ml penicillin plus 0.313 mg/ml streptomycin was added to both a 0. ... | 2015 | 25581260 |
| modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding. | the present study investigates the effects of dietary supplements of galactooligosaccharides (gos), pediococcus acidilactici and p. acidilactici + gos on innate immune response, skin mucus as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g). after 8 weeks of feeding, several innate immune (lysozyme, alternative complement and respiratory burst activities) and skin mucus parameters (bactericidal activity against streptococcus faecium, streptococcus in ... | 2015 | 25827628 |
| evaluation of enterococcus spp. from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed, and rearing environment against fish pathogens. | the use of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics constitutes an alternative strategy to the antibiotic treatment for disease control in aquaculture. enterococci are currently used as probiotics in human and animal health. in this study, we evaluated the safety of 64 enterococci isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed and rearing environment, and their antimicrobial activity against 9 fish pathogens. the 64 enterococcal isolates were identified to the speci ... | 2015 | 25671551 |
| genetic variation underlying resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in a steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) population. | understanding the mechanisms of host resistance to pathogens will allow insights into the response of wild populations to the emergence of new pathogens. infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is endemic to the pacific northwest and infectious to pacific salmon and trout (oncorhynchus spp.). emergence of the m genogroup of ihnv in steelhead trout o. mykiss in the coastal streams of washington state, between 2007 and 2011, was geographically heterogeneous. differences in host resistance d ... | 2015 | 26575157 |
| an oral dna vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) encapsulated in alginate microspheres induces dose-dependent immune responses and significant protection in rainbow trout (oncorrhynchus mykiss). | administered by intramuscular injection, a dna vaccine (pirf1a-g) containing the promoter regions upstream of the rainbow trout interferon regulatory factor 1a gene (irf1a) driven the expression of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) glycoprotein (g) elicited protective immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, less laborious and cost-effective routes of dna vaccine delivery are required to vaccinate large numbers of susceptible farmed fish. in this study, ... | 2015 | 26054788 |
| evaluation of dual nasal delivery of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and enteric red mouth vaccines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | farmed fish are susceptible to different infectious disease agents including viruses and bacteria. thus, multivalent vaccines or vaccination programs against two or more pathogens are valuable tools in aquaculture. recently, nasal vaccines have been shown to be very effective in rainbow trout. the current study investigates, for the first time, the use of the nasal route in dual vaccination trials against two important aquatic diseases, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn) and enteric r ... | 2015 | 25562788 |
| use of cell lines and primary cultures to explore the capacity of rainbow trout to be a host for frog virus 3 (fv3). | the capacity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, to be a host for frog virus 3 (fv3) was evaluated at the cellular level. cell cultures from this species were tested for their ability to express fv3 major capsid protein (mcp) gene, to develop cytopathic effect (cpe), and to produce fv3. after fv3 addition, mcp transcripts were detected in six of six cell lines and in primary macrophage cultures. cpe developed in all cell culture systems, except primary lymphocytes. for the macrophage cell lin ... | 2015 | 25948044 |
| purified deoxynivalenol or feed restriction reduces mortality in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with experimental bacterial coldwater disease but biologically relevant concentrations of deoxynivalenol do not impair the growth of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | diets containing deoxynivalenol (don) were fed to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) for 4 weeks followed by experimental infection (intraperitoneal) with flavobacterium psychrophilum (4.1 × 10(6) colony-forming units [cfu] ml(-1) ). mortality of rainbow trout fed either 6.4 mg kg(-1) don or trout pair-fed the control diet was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in comparison with trout fed the control diet to apparent satiation (<0.1 mg kg(-1) don). in a second experiment, trout were fed ... | 2015 | 25160820 |
| evaluation of the immune response in rainbow trout fry, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after waterborne exposure to flavobacterium psychrophilum and/or hydrogen peroxide. | the immune response in rainbow trout fry against flavobacterium psychrophilum was elucidated using an immersion-based challenge with or without prior exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). samples were taken from the head kidney 4, 48, 125 and 192 h after immersion, and the regulation of several genes was examined. bacterial load was assessed based on the presence of 16s rrna and correlated with gene expression, and the levels of specific antibodies in the blood were measured 50 days post-infecti ... | 2015 | 24547972 |
| immune responses to oral pcdna-vp2 vaccine in relation to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus carrier state in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the vp2 gene of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, encoded in an expression plasmid and encapsulated in alginate microspheres, was used for oral dna vaccination of fish to better understand the carrier state and the action of the vaccine. the efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by measuring the prevention of virus persistence in the vaccinated fish that survived after waterborne virus challenge. a real-time rt-qpcr analysis revealed lower levels of ipnv-vp4 transcripts in rainbow trout surv ... | 2015 | 25892368 |
| nisin z production by lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris wa2-67 of aquatic origin as a defense mechanism to protect rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against lactococcus garvieae. | probiotics represent an alternative to chemotherapy and vaccination to control fish diseases, including lactococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae. the aims of this study were (i) to determine the in vitro probiotic properties of three bacteriocinogenic lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris of aquatic origin, (ii) to evaluate in vivo the ability of l. cremoris wa2-67 to protect rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against infection by l. garvieae, and (iii) to demonstrate the role of nisi ... | 2015 | 26307018 |
| inhibition of fish pathogens by the microbiota from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and rearing environment. | this work reports the isolation and taxonomic identification of the cultivable total microbiota (tm) and lactic acid bacteria (lab) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and rearing environment from selected stages of the life-cycle, and the evaluation of the lab antimicrobial activity against the main fish pathogens. tm and lab isolates were randomly selected and identified by 16s rrna and/or superoxide dismutase gene sequencing. although a great diversity in the tm was observed, en ... | 2015 | 25464142 |
| association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class iiβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with t cells. mhc class ii molecules are heterodimers consisting of α and β chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water ba ... | 2015 | 24397583 |
| topographical mapping of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) microbiome reveals a diverse bacterial community with antifungal properties in the skin. | the mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. these surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. here we provide a topographical map of the mu ... | 2015 | 26209676 |
| ionoregulatory aspects of the osmorespiratory compromise during acute environmental hypoxia in 12 tropical and temperate teleosts. | in the traditional osmorespiratory compromise, as seen in the hypoxia-intolerant freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the branchial modifications that occur to improve o2 uptake during hypoxia result in unfavorable increases in the fluxes of ions and water. however, at least one hypoxia-tolerant freshwater species, the amazonian oscar (astronotus ocellatus), shows exactly the opposite: decreased branchial flux rates of ions, water, and nitrogenous wastes during acute hypoxia. in order ... | 2015 | 26052633 |
| effect of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid peroxidation indices in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aloe vera has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of its constituents. this study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a total number of 480 o. mykiss (mean weight 9.50 ± 0.85 g) were randomized into four experimental groups including one control and three experimental groups that aloe vera was incorporated in their diet at 0.5, 1. ... | 2015 | 25992253 |
| influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth performance, innate immune response, biochemical parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on rainbow trout growth performance, innate immunity and biochemical parameters were studied. rainbow trout (17-18 g) were exposed to electromagnetic fields (15 hz) at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µt, for 1 h daily over period of 60 days. growth performance of fish improved in different treatment groups, especially at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µt. immunological parameters, specifically hemagglutinating titer, total antiprotease and α1-antiprotea ... | 2015 | 25869215 |
| identification and expression analysis of two interleukin-23α (p19) isoforms, in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and atlantic salmon salmo salar. | interleukin (il)-23 is a heterodimeric il-12 family cytokine composed of a p19 α-chain, linked to a p40 β-chain that is shared with il-12. il-23 is distinguished functionally from il-12 by its ability to induce the production of il-17, and differentiation of th17 cells in mammals. three isoforms of p40 (p40a, p40b and p40c) have been found in some 3r teleosts. salmonids also possess three p40 isoforms (p40b1, p40b2 and p40c) although p40a is missing, and two copies (paralogues) of p40b are prese ... | 2015 | 25841173 |
| influence of the forms and levels of dietary selenium on antioxidant status and oxidative stress-related parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. | se is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth, development and antioxidant defence. the objective of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary se sources and levels on the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. first-feeding fry (initial body weight: 91 mg) were fed either a plant- or fishmeal-based diet containing 0·5 or 1·2 mg se/kg diet supplemented or not with 0·3 mg se/kg diet supplied as se-enriched yeast or sodium selenite for 12 weeks at ... | 2015 | 25990817 |
| selenium supplementation in fish: a combined chemical and biomolecular study to understand sel-plex assimilation and impact on selenoproteome expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | selenium (se) is an essential oligonutrient, as a component of several se-containing proteins (selenoproteins), which exert important biological functions within an organism. in livestock, se-enriched products have been proposed as dietary supplements to be included into functional feeds for animal preventive health care. to this end, it is important to understand the optimal range of concentrations for supplementation and how long it takes to be assimilated into the organism. | 2015 | 25978314 |
| infectivity of piscirickettsia salmonis in immersion-bath exposed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) fry. | 2015 | 25168060 | |
| growth, immune responses and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) supplemented with commercial probiotics. | the influence of two commercial probiotics on the growth, innate immune parameters and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles (initial weight: 16.4 ± 0.4 g) was evaluated. two probiotic types: a, multi-species (bacillus sp., pedicoccus sp., enterococcus sp., lactobacillus sp.) and b, mono-species (pediococcus acidilactici) were tested at two levels each (a1: 1.5 g kg(-1), 8.6 × 10(5) cfu g(-1); a2: 3 g kg(-1), 1.6 × 10(6) cfu g(-1); b1: 0.1 g kg(-1), 2.6 × 10(4) c ... | 2015 | 25865055 |
| first description of a new disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum)) similar to heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) and detection of a gene sequence related to piscine orthoreovirus (prv). | in fall 2013, anorexia, lethargy and mortalities up to 10-12,000 dead fish per week were observed in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in three fresh water hatcheries (salinity 0-1 ‰) on the west coast of norway. the fish (25-100 g) showed signs of circulatory failure with haemorrhages, ascites and anaemia. the histopathological findings comprised inflammation of the heart and red muscle and liver necrosis. the affected fish had a common origin. disease and mortalities were also observed up to f ... | 2015 | 26176955 |
| a synthetic peptide derived from the d1 domain of flagellin induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in fish macrophages. | flagellin is the main protein component of flagellum in gram negative and positive bacteria, and it is also the ligand that activates the toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in fish and mammals. in higher vertebrates, flagellin induces the activation of the membrane-bound tlr5 (tlr5m), which promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and other immunological functions. we have previously reported that recombinant flagellin from vibrio anguillarum and its nd1 domain are able to u ... | 2015 | 26363237 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of a novel c-type lectin receptor-like gene from a teleost fish, plecoglossus altivelis. | c-type lectin-like receptors (clrs) are important pathogen pattern recognition molecules that recognize carbohydrate structures. however, the functions of these receptors in fish keep less known. in this study, we characterized a novel clr from a teleost fish, plecoglossus altivelis (ayu), tentatively named pacd209l. the cdna of pacd209l is 1464 nucleotides (nts) in length, encoding a polypeptide of 281 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 31.5 kda. multiple alignment of the ... | 2015 | 25842180 |
| rescue of fish exposed to a lethal dose of pathogen, by signals from sublethally exposed survivors. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) were challenged intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of vibrio anguillarum vib1 and allowed to recover. then, after 7 days, naïve fish, (designated as 'bystander' fish) which had never been exposed to the pathogen, were introduced to the same tank. these swam with the adapted (recovered) fish for 7 days before both groups and a control (never exposed directly to the pathogen or to recovered fish) group were exposed to a lethal dose of vib1. mortali ... | 2015 | 25757731 |
| effects of transportation stress and addition of salt to transport water on the skin mucosal homeostasis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | transportation of live fish is a common practice among aquaculture facilities. many studies have previously reported how transport elicits physiological stress responses and increases disease susceptibility in farmed fish. the aim of this work is to investigate the changes that the skin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) experiences due to stress. since nacl is commonly added to transport water as a stress mitigator, the effects of salt addition on the skin mucosa and skin-associated bacteri ... | 2015 | 25705060 |
| effects of recombinant flagellin b and its nd1 domain from vibrio anguillarum on macrophages from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w.). | flagellin is the principal component of flagellum in gram negative and positive bacteria, and it is also the ligand that activates the toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in mammals and fish. in higher vertebrates, flagellin induces the activation of the membrane-bound tlr5 (tlr5m), which promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the co-stimulatory molecules present in antigen-presenting cells needed for the activation of t cells. in the present study, we report the product ... | 2015 | 25449380 |
| intestinal nematodes affect selenium bioaccumulation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and health parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in environmental studies, parasites are often seen as a product of enhanced host susceptibility due to exposure to one or several stressors, whereas potential consequences of infections on host responses are often overlooked. therefore, the present study focused on effects of parasitism on bioaccumulation of selenium (se) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). joint effects of biological (parasite) and chemical (se) stressors on biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione-s-transferase (gst), s ... | 2015 | 25633167 |
| estimating the prevalence of renibacterium salmoninarum-infected salmonid production sites. | 2015 | 24602096 | |
| effect of dietary supplementation with zinc enriched yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on immunity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | zinc (zn) is an essential trace element in all living organisms, and the first eukaryotic zn uptake transporter was discovered in the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. zinc-enriched yeast is a currently available zn supplement. the purpose of the investigation was to compare and evaluate the effect of zn enriched yeast in rainbow trout. the fish (mean body weight 10 ± 0.5 g) were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1 × 10(6), 1 × 10(7) and 1 × 10(8) cfu/g of zn-enriched yeast for ... | 2015 | 27175189 |
| phenotypical and genotypical characterization of shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish. | between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in poland. in most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. the disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. most of the problems concerned cultured common carp cyprinus carpio l. and rainb ... | 2015 | 24552171 |
| length-dependent innate antiviral effects of double-stranded rna in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line, rtg-2. | effectively all viruses produce long dsrna during their replicative cycle. in mammals long dsrna molecules induce a robust response through the production of type 1 interferon, interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) and an antiviral state. this response is less well understood in fish. we investigated the ability of a rainbow trout cell line, rtg-2, to respond to two different lengths of in vitro transcribed dsrna (200 bp and 1264 bp) based on the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genomic sequence, ... | 2015 | 26208750 |
| molecular characterization of cd9 and cd63, two tetraspanin family members expressed in trout b lymphocytes. | tetraspanins are a family of membrane-organizing proteins, characterized by the presence of four highly conserved transmembrane regions that mediate diverse physiological functions. in the current study, we have identified two novel tetraspanin members in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), homologs to mammalian cd9 and cd63. both genes were expressed in muscle, skin, gills, hindgut, gonad, liver, spleen, head kidney, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. throughout the early life cycle stage ... | 2015 | 25769915 |
| transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout in response to non-virion (nv) protein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). | the non-virion (nv) protein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), an economically important fish novirhabdovirus, has been implicated in the interference of some host innate mechanisms (i.e. apoptosis) in vitro. this work aimed to characterise the immune-related transcriptome changes in rainbow trout induced by nv protein that have not yet been established in vivo. for that purpose, immune-targeted microarrays were used to analyse the transcriptomes from head kidney and spleen of rainb ... | 2015 | 25592735 |
| analysis of yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from trout farms in northwest germany. | enteric redmouth disease (erm), caused by yersinia ruckeri, is among the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture in europe. our aim was to analyse the persistence of y. ruckeri strains in trout farms in northwest germany and their dissemination between farms based on a detailed molecular and phenotypical characterisation scheme. the data on identification and characterisation of y. ruckeri strains and examining the distribution of these strains in the ... | 2015 | 26503779 |
| effects of adjuvant montanide™ isa 763 a vg in rainbow trout injection vaccinated against yersinia ruckeri. | enteric redmouth disease (erm) caused by the fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri is a major threat to freshwater production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) throughout all life stages. injection vaccination of rainbow trout against y. ruckeri infection has been shown to confer better protection compared to the traditionally applied immersion vaccination. it may be hypothesized, based on experience from other vaccines, that adjuvants may increase the protective level of erm injection vaccines ev ... | 2015 | 26492991 |
| teleost chemokines and their receptors. | chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that appeared about 650 million years ago, at the emergence of vertebrates, and are responsible for regulating cell migration under both inflammatory and physiological conditions. the first teleost chemokine gene was reported in rainbow trout in 1998. since then, numerous chemokine genes have been identified in diverse fish species evidencing the great differences that exist among fish and mammalian chemokines, and within the different fish species, as a ... | 2015 | 26569324 |
| identification of barramundi (lates calcarifer) dc-script, a specific molecular marker for dendritic cells in fish. | antigen presentation is a critical step bridging innate immune recognition and specific immune memory. in mammals, the process is orchestrated by dendritic cells (dcs) in the lymphatic system, which initiate clonal proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. however, fish lack a classical lymphatic system and there are currently no cellular markers for dcs in fish, thus antigen-presentation in fish is poorly understood. recently, antigen-presenting cells similar in structure and function to m ... | 2015 | 26173015 |
| a comparative analysis on the in vivo toxicity of copper nanoparticles in three species of freshwater fish. | copper nanoparticles (cunps) are used extensively in a wide range of products and the potential for toxicological impacts in the aquatic environment is of high concern. in this study, the fate and the acute toxicity of spherical 50nm copper nanoparticles was assessed in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (danio rerio) for in vivo aqueous exposures following standardized oecd 203 guideline tests. the fate of the cunps in the aqueous me ... | 2015 | 26121603 |
| biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes. | discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many wwtps do not eliminate these substances entirely. the study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of la ... | 2015 | 25260601 |
| differences in igy gut absorption in gastric rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and agastric common carp (cyprinus carpio) assessed in vivo and in vitro. | oral igy antibodies offer promising potential for passive immunization strategies. to evaluate barriers for successful igy plasma recovery after oral application in vivo, gastric rainbow trout and agastric common carp were comparatively assessed. a positive control that received a low dose of unspecific igy antibodies by intraperitoneal injection (0.0076 mg igy g bw(-1) d(-1); bw=body mass) was compared with an oral administration of 75 and 150 fold in rainbow trout (corresponding to 0.57 and 1. ... | 2015 | 25224559 |
| comparison of plasma and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration. | the aim of the study was to investigate the serum and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). concentrations of enrofloxacin in the serum of rainbow trout showed high variability with two peaks at the third and 24th hour after administration. the highest concentrations were found in the liver. the curves of liver levels showed s ... | 2015 | 25372241 |
| modelling inhibition of avian aromatase by azole pesticides. | the potential effects of pesticides and their metabolites on the endocrine system are of major concern to wildlife and human health. in this context, the azole pesticides have earned special attention due to their cytochrome p450 aromatase inhibition potential. cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19) catalyses the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into oestrone and oestradiol, respectively. thus, aromatase modulates the oestrogenic balance essential not only for females, but also for male ... | 2015 | 26535448 |
| transient transfection of cho cells using linear polyethylenimine is a simple and effective means of producing rainbow trout recombinant ifn-γ protein. | a practical method was developed for the transient transfection of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells with 25 kda linear polyethylenimine (pei) then optimal culture conditions determined for the production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ifn-γ recombinant protein. we found that culture temperature had a significant impact upon recombinant protein yield, with best results being obtained at 32 °c. however the amount of serum added to the culture medium had no effect upon recombinant ifn-γ (r ... | 2015 | 24897997 |
| benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and erod and gst biotransformation activity in the liver of red- and white-blooded antarctic fish. | climate change and anthropogenic pollution are of increasing concern in remote areas such as antarctica. the evolutionary adaptation of antarctic notothenioid fish to the cold and stable southern ocean led to a low plasticity of their physiological functions, what may limit their capacity to deal with altered temperature regimes and pollution in the antarctic environment. using a biochemical approach, we aimed to assess the hepatic biotransformation capacities of antarctic fish species by determ ... | 2015 | 25965896 |
| enantioselective analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater fish based on microextraction with a supramolecular liquid and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic biota is still largely unknown, and no research on the stereoselective toxicity of chiral drugs to these organisms has been undertaken to date. because of the lack of analytical methods available for this purpose, this manuscript deals, for the first time, with the enantioselective analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in freshwater fish. the method was based on the microextraction of nsaids from f ... | 2015 | 25869485 |
| mediating water temperature increases due to livestock and global change in high elevation meadow streams of the golden trout wilderness. | rising temperatures due to climate change are pushing the thermal limits of many species, but how climate warming interacts with other anthropogenic disturbances such as land use remains poorly understood. to understand the interactive effects of climate warming and livestock grazing on water temperature in three high elevation meadow streams in the golden trout wilderness, california, we measured riparian vegetation and monitored water temperature in three meadow streams between 2008 and 2013, ... | 2015 | 26565706 |
| evidence for the presence of glucosensor mechanisms not dependent on glucokinase in hypothalamus and hindbrain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we hypothesize that glucosensor mechanisms other than that mediated by glucokinase (gk) operate in hypothalamus and hindbrain of the carnivorous fish species rainbow trout and stress affected them. therefore, we evaluated in these areas changes in parameters which could be related to putative glucosensor mechanisms based on liver x receptor (lxr), mitochondrial activity, sweet taste receptor, and sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (sglt-1) 6 h after intraperitoneal injection of 5 ml x kg(-1) of sal ... | 2015 | 25996158 |
| acute toxicity assessment of reactive red 120 to certain aquatic organisms. | laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of a widely used textile dye namely reactive red 120 (rr 120) on certain aquatic species such as pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green alga), lemna gibba (duck weed), daphnia magna (water flea) and oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout). all experiments were performed as per the oecd guidelines for testing of chemicals. the toxicity end points of ec50, lc50, noec and loec for rr 120 were determined with 95% confidence limits usin ... | 2015 | 26350898 |
| moatox: a comprehensive mode of action and acute aquatic toxicity database for predictive model development. | the mode of toxic action (moa) has been recognized as a key determinant of chemical toxicity and as an alternative to chemical class-based predictive toxicity modeling. however, the development of quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) and other models has been limited by the availability of comprehensive high quality moa and toxicity databases. the current study developed a dataset of moa assignments for 1213 chemicals that included a diversity of metals, pesticides, and other orga ... | 2015 | 25700118 |