Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| anopheles bionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and malaria transmission in the korhogo area, northern côte d'ivoire: a pre-intervention study. | a better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. in the framework of a randomized controlled trial (rct), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the korhogo area, northern côte d'ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. we performed human landing collections (hlcs) in 26 villages in the korhogo area during the rainy season (september-october 2016, april-may 2017) and ... | 2019 | 31298995 |
| a high throughput multi-locus insecticide resistance marker panel for tracking resistance emergence and spread in anopheles gambiae. | the spread of resistance to insecticides in disease-carrying mosquitoes poses a threat to the effectiveness of control programmes, which rely largely on insecticide-based interventions. monitoring mosquito populations is essential, but obtaining phenotypic measurements of resistance is laborious and error-prone. high-throughput genotyping offers the prospect of quick and repeatable estimates of resistance, while also allowing resistance markers to be tracked and studied. to demonstrate the poten ... | 2019 | 31527637 |
| testing a pyriproxyfen auto-dissemination station attractive to gravid anopheles gambiae sensu stricto for the development of a novel attract-release -and-kill strategy for malaria vector control. | larviciding is an effective supplementary tool for malaria vector control, but the identification and accessibility of aquatic habitats impedes application. dissemination of the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen (ppf), by gravid anopheles might constitute a novel application strategy. this study aimed to explore the feasibility of using an attractive bait-station to contaminate gravid anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with ppf and subsequently transfer ppf to larval habitats. | 2019 | 31510931 |
| semi-field and indoor setups to study malaria mosquito swarming behavior. | the recent resurgence of interest in sterile insect techniques to control vector mosquitoes has renewed interest in novel methods for observing mating behavior. malarial vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex are known to mate in swarms at specific locations at dawn and dusk. most knowledge of mosquito swarming behavior is derived from field observations and a few experimental studies designed to assess critical parameters that affect mosquito swarming. however, such studies are difficult to i ... | 2019 | 31506104 |
| premeiotic and meiotic failures lead to hybrid male sterility in the anopheles gambiae complex. | hybrid male sterility (hms) contributes to speciation by restricting gene flow between related taxa. detailed cytological characterization of reproductive organs in hybrid males is important for identifying phenotypes that can help guide searches of speciation genes. to investigate possible cellular causes of hms, we performed crosses between closely related species of the anopheles gambiae complex: an. merus with an. gambiae or an. coluzzii. we demonstrate that hms in african malaria mosquitoes ... | 2019 | 31288705 |
| study of anopheles gambiae 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase activity and inhibition by lc-ms/ms method. | in anopheles gambiae, the most efficient vector of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, 3-hydroxykynurenine is endowed with a toxic potential. in adult mosquitoes, the excess of 3-hydroxykynurenine is removed by a specific transaminase (3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase, 3-hkt) which converts the compound into the more stable xanthurenic acid. interfering with 3-hydroxykynurenine metabolism in a. gambiae is a potential approach for the development of transmission-blocking drugs and insecti ... | 2019 | 31129535 |
| malaria mosquito control in rice paddy farms using biolarvicide mixed with fertilizer in tanzania: semi-field experiments. | the wide distribution of malaria mosquito breeding sites within tropical environments limits the mosquito larval source management efforts to control malaria. rice farming contributes substantially in supporting malaria mosquito productivity in tropical countries. to overcome this challenge, this study was carried out to determine the effect of applying a mixture of biolarvicide and fertilizer on mosquito larvae density in rice farms under semi-field conditions in tanzania. | 2019 | 31286986 |
| anopheles gambiae lacking agtrio inefficiently transmits plasmodium berghei to mice. | antibodies to agtrio, a mosquito salivary protein, partially reduce the initial plasmodium burden in mice. we therefore silenced agtrio in mosquitoes and determined the relative contribution of agtrio to the ability of anopheles gambiae to transmit plasmodium berghei to mice. rna interference-mediated silencing of agtrio ina. gambiae resulted in a 60% reduction in agtrio expression. the decrease in agtrio expression did not alter the burden of plasmodium sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands. ... | 2019 | 31285253 |
| bio-efficacy and physical integrity of piperonylbutoxide coated combination net (permanet® 3.0) against pyrethroid resistant population of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in ethiopia. | permanet® 3.0 is a deltamethrin-treated combination long-lasting insecticidal net with the addition of synergist piperonylbutoxide (pbo) on its roof section. it is designed to overcome the challenge posed by pyrethroid resistant vector populations against mainstream long-lasting insecticidal nets impregnated with pyrethroids only. the objective of this study was to determine insecticide resistance status of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes, to evaluate the bio-efficacy of permanet® 3.0 nets an ... | 2019 | 31272452 |
| analysis of phototoxin taste closely correlates nucleophilicity to type 1 phototoxicity. | pigments often inflict tissue-damaging and proaging toxicity on light illumination by generating free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ros). however, the molecular mechanism by which organisms sense phototoxic pigments is unknown. here, we discover that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1-a isoform [trpa1(a)], previously shown to serve as a receptor for free radicals and ros induced by photochemical reactions, enables drosophila melanogaster to aphotically sense phototoxic pigments for f ... | 2019 | 31138707 |
| the effects of insecticides on two splice variants of the glutamate-gated chloride channel receptor of the major malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | between half to 1 million people die annually from malaria. anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are major malaria vectors. unfortunately, resistance has emerged to the agents currently used to control a. gambiae, creating a demand for novel control measures. the pentameric glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) expressed in the muscle and nerve cells of these organisms are a potentially important biological target for malaria control. the pharmacological properties of anophiline glucl receptors are, ... | 2019 | 31479507 |
| bacterial larvicides used for malaria vector control in sub-saharan africa: review of their effectiveness and operational feasibility. | several trials and reviews have outlined the potential role of larviciding for malaria control in sub-saharan africa (ssa) to supplement the core indoor insecticide-based interventions. it has been argued that widespread use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions in many parts of africa result in many new areas with low and focal malaria transmission that can be targeted with larvicides. as some countries in ssa are making good progress ... | 2019 | 31470885 |
| current situation of malaria in africa. | malaria infection is one of the major causes of deaths in the african continent. the high burden of malaria in africa is due to p. falciparum, which adapts and cospecializes with anopheles gambiae, the most effective and widespread malaria vector. since 2000, the incidence of malaria has been reduced by 17% and malaria mortality rates by 26%. however, the rate of decline has stalled and even reversed in some regions since 2014. in 2017 as described by the latest world malaria report, 219 million ... | 2019 | 31267491 |
| novel insights into endogenous rna viral elements in ixodes scapularis and other arbovirus vector genomes. | many emerging arboviruses are not transmitted by traditional mosquito vectors, but by lesser-studied arthropods such as ticks, midges, and sand flies. small rna (srna) silencing pathways are the main antiviral defence mechanism for arthropods, which lack adaptive immunity. non-retroviral integrated rna virus sequences (nirvs) are one potential source of srnas which comprise these pathways. nirvs are remnants of past germline rna viral infections, where viral cdna integrates into the host genome ... | 2019 | 31249694 |
| anopheles gambiae tep1 forms a complex with the coiled-coil domain of lrim1/apl1c following a conformational change in the thioester domain. | the complement-like protein thioester-containing protein 1 (tep1) is a key factor in the immune response of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to pathogens. multiple allelic variants of tep1 have been identified in laboratory strains and in the field, and are correlated with distinct immunophenotypes. tep1 is tightly regulated by conformational changes induced by cleavage in a protease-sensitive region. cleaved tep1 forms exhibit significant variation in stability from hours to days at room te ... | 2019 | 31237887 |
| chemical depletion of phagocytic immune cells in anopheles gambiae reveals dual roles of mosquito hemocytes in anti-plasmodium immunity. | mosquito immunity is composed of both cellular and humoral factors that provide protection from invading pathogens. immune cells known as hemocytes, have been intricately associated with phagocytosis and innate immune signaling. however, the lack of genetic tools has limited hemocyte study despite their importance in mosquito anti-plasmodium immunity. to address these limitations, we employ the use of a chemical-based treatment to deplete phagocytic immune cells in anopheles gambiae, demonstrati ... | 2019 | 31235594 |
| potential distribution of dominant malaria vector species in tropical region under climate change scenarios. | risk assessment regarding the distribution of malaria vectors and environmental variables underpinning their distribution under changing climates is crucial towards malaria control and eradication. on this basis, we used maximum entropy (maxent) model to estimate the potential future distribution of major transmitters of malaria in nigeria-anopheles gambiae sensu lato and its siblings: anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, and anopheles arabiensis under low and high emissions scenarios. in the model, ... | 2019 | 31216349 |
| high insecticide resistance intensity of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and low efficacy of pyrethroid llins in accra, ghana. | insecticide resistance of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) against public health insecticides is increasingly reported in ghana and need to be closely monitored. this study investigated the intensity of insecticide resistance of an. gambiae (s.l.) found in a vegetable growing area in accra, ghana, where insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers are massively used for plant protection. the bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) currently distributed in the country was also assessed to delim ... | 2019 | 31196222 |
| patterns of anopheline feeding/resting behaviour and plasmodium infections in north cameroon, 2011-2014: implications for malaria control. | effective malaria control relies on evidence-based interventions. anopheline behaviour and plasmodium infections were investigated in north cameroon, following long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) distribution in 2010. | 2019 | 31196161 |
| reduced mosquito survival in metal-roof houses may contribute to a decline in malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa. | in the gambia, metal-roof houses were hotter during the day than thatched-roof houses. after 24 h, the mortality of anopheles gambiae, the principal african malaria vector, was 38% higher in metal-roof houses than thatched ones. during the day, mosquitoes in metal-roof houses moved from the hot roof to cooler places near the floor, where the temperature was still high, reaching 35 °c. in laboratory studies, at 35 °c few mosquitoes survived 10 days, the minimum period required for malaria parasit ... | 2019 | 31123317 |
| species composition, blood meal hosts and plasmodium infection rates of anopheles mosquitoes in ghibe river basin, southwestern ethiopia. | vector control interventions using long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are commonly practiced tools for the control of malaria in ethiopia. in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these control interventions, and understand the prevailing malaria vectors, their incrimination in disease transmission, and their resting and feeding behavior, we set out to identify the anopheles species, their blood meal sources, and entomological inoculation rate (eir) in ghi ... | 2019 | 31122286 |
| cadmium tolerance pathway in anopheles gambiae senso stricto. | cadmium is one of the widely used heavy metals (hm) in commercial and industrial products and contributes to environmental contamination in an urban setting. in our previous studies, we established that an. gambiae sensu stricto, a vector of malaria, had adapted to hm pollutants in nature despite their proclivity for unpolluted aquatic habitats. we further demonstrated that heavy metal tolerance adaptation process impacts a biological cost to the fitness of the mosquito and potentially involves ... | 2019 | 31121147 |
| indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are used to control malaria vectors. both strategies use insecticides to kill mosquitoes that bite and rest indoors. for itns, the world health organization (who) only recommended pyrethroids until 2018, but mosquito vectors are becoming resistant to this insecticide. for irs, a range of insecticides are recommended. adding irs to itns may improve control, simply because two interventions may be better than one; it may improve ma ... | 2019 | 31120132 |
| efficacy of the mermithid nematode, romanomermis iyengari, for the biocontrol of anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in sub-saharan africa. | the intensive use of chemical insecticides against mosquitoes has led to the development of widespread insecticide resistance. control of anopheles mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas of sub-saharan africa has become increasingly difficult. there is an urgent need for malaria control programmes to adopt more integrated mosquito management approaches that include sustainable, nonchemical solutions. the mermithid nematode romanomermis iyengari is one of several natural control alternatives to synt ... | 2019 | 31118105 |
| publisher correction: introgression of a synthetic sex ratio distortion system from anopheles gambiae into anopheles arabiensis. | a correction to this article has been published and is linked from the html and pdf versions of this paper. the error has not been fixed in the paper. | 2019 | 31114001 |
| biosensors to monitor water quality utilizing insect odorant-binding proteins as detector elements. | in the developing world, the identification of clean, potable water continues to pose a pervasive challenge, and waterborne diseases due to fecal contamination of water supplies significantly threaten public health. the ability to efficiently monitor local water supplies is key to water safety, yet no low-cost, reliable method exists to detect contamination quickly. we developed an in vitro assay utilizing an odorant-binding protein (obp), agamobp1, from the mosquito, anopheles gambiae, to test ... | 2019 | 31091776 |
| molecular characterization and immune analysis of a defensin from small abalone, haliotis diversicolor. | as one of antimicrobial peptides (amps), defensins are involved in invertebrate innate immunity against invading pathogens. in this study, a member of the invertebrate defensins was cloned and characterized from the small abalone haliotis diversicolor, designated hddef-2. the hddef-2 cdna contained a 201 bp open reading frame encoding 66 amino acids including a signal peptide of 18 amino acids and a mature peptide of 48 amino acids. the mature peptide of hddef-2 possessed similar features to oth ... | 2019 | 31078702 |
| risk factors for household vector abundance using indoor cdc light traps in a high malaria transmission area of northern zambia. | malaria transmission is dependent on the density and distribution of mosquito vectors, but drivers of vector abundance have not been adequately studied across a range of transmission settings. to inform intervention strategies for high-burden areas, further investigation is needed to identify predictors of vector abundance. active household (hh) surveillance was conducted in nchelenge district, luapula province, northern zambia, a high-transmission setting with limited impact of malaria control. ... | 2019 | 31074411 |
| two functionally distinct cyp4g genes of anopheles gambiae contribute to cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis. | cuticular hydrocarbon (chc) biosynthesis is a major pathway of insect physiology. in drosophila melanogaster the cytochrome p450 cyp4g1 catalyses the insect-specific oxidative decarbonylation step, while in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, two cyp4g paralogues, cyp4g16 and cyp4g17 are present. analysis of the subcellular localization of cyp4g17 and cyp4g16 in larval and pupal stages revealed that cyp4g16 preserves its pm localization across developmental stages analyzed; however cypg17 is d ... | 2019 | 31051237 |
| efficacy of vector control tools against malaria-infected mosquitoes. | within mosquito vector populations, infectious mosquitoes are the ones completing the transmission of pathogens to susceptible hosts and they are, consequently, of great epidemiological interest. mosquito infection by malaria parasites has been shown to affect several traits of mosquito physiology and behavior, and could interplay with the efficacy of control tools. in this study, we evaluated, in pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae, the effect of mosquito infection with the human malaria par ... | 2019 | 31040349 |
| redox-responsive resilin-like hydrogels for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. | resilin, a protein found in insect cuticles, is renowned for its outstanding elastomeric properties. the authors' laboratory previously developed a recombinant protein, which consisted of consensus resilin-like repeats from anopheles gambiae, and demonstrated its potential in cartilage and vascular engineering. to broaden the versatility of the resilin-like protein, this study utilizes a cleavable crosslinker, which contains a disulfide bond, to develop smart resilin-like hydrogels that are redo ... | 2019 | 31222972 |
| the relationship between insecticide resistance, mosquito age and malaria prevalence in anopheles gambiae s.l. from guinea. | insecticide resistance across sub-saharan africa may impact the continued effectiveness of malaria vector control. we investigated the association between carbamate and pyrethroid resistance with anopheles gambiae s.l. parity, plasmodium falciparum infection, and molecular insecticide resistance mechanisms in guinea. pyrethroid resistance was intense, with field populations surviving ten times the insecticidal concentration required to kill susceptible individuals. the l1014f kdr-n1575y haplotyp ... | 2019 | 31222175 |
| development of molecular assays to detect target-site mechanisms associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors from latin america. | malaria remains an important public health problem in latin america, and the development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors poses a major threat to malaria elimination efforts. monitoring of insecticide susceptibility and the determination of the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance are needed to effectively guide the deployment of appropriate vector control measures. here, molecular assays have been developed to screen for mutations associated with insecticide resistance on t ... | 2019 | 31221148 |
| comparing the new ifakara ambient chamber test with who cone and tunnel tests for bioefficacy and non-inferiority testing of insecticide-treated nets. | insecticide-treated net (itn) durability, measured through physical integrity and bioefficacy, must be accurately assessed in order to plan the timely replacement of worn out nets and guide procurement of longer-lasting, cost-effective nets. world health organization (who) guidance advises that new intervention class itns be assessed 3 years after distribution, in experimental huts. in order to obtain information on whole-net efficacy cost-effectively and with adequate replication, a new bioassa ... | 2019 | 31039788 |
| involvement of anopheles nili in plasmodium falciparum transmission in north benin. | several studies carried out in benin have shown the involvement of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the anopheles funestus group in malaria transmission, but none of them reported the contribution of the anopheles nili group to the transmission of this disease. the current study investigated the question through an entomological cross-sectional survey performed in northern benin. | 2019 | 31036025 |
| mosquito acetylcholinesterase as a target for novel phenyl-substituted carbamates. | new insecticides are needed for control of disease-vectoring mosquitoes and this research evaluates the activity of new carbamate acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitors. biochemical and toxicological characterization of carbamates based on the parent structure of terbam, 3-tert-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, was performed. in vitro enzyme inhibition selectivity (anopheles gambiae versus human) was assessed by the ellman assay, as well as the lethality to whole insects by the world health organizat ... | 2019 | 31035318 |
| biting patterns of malaria vectors of the lower shire valley, southern malawi. | assessing the biting behaviour of malaria vectors plays an integral role in understanding the dynamics of malaria transmission in a region. biting times and preference for biting indoors or outdoors varies among mosquito species and across regions. these behaviours may also change over time in response to vector control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). data on these parameters can provide the sites and times at which different interventions would be effective for vector c ... | 2019 | 31194960 |
| is anopheles gambiae a natural host of wolbachia? | wolbachia (alphaproteobacteria, rickettsiales) is an intraovarially transmitted symbiont of insects able to exert striking phenotypes, including reproductive manipulations and pathogen blocking. these phenotypes make wolbachia a promising tool to combat mosquito-borne diseases. although wolbachia is present in the majority of terrestrial arthropods, including many disease vectors, it was considered absent from anopheles gambiae mosquitos, the main vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa. in 201 ... | 2019 | 31186318 |
| transstadial immune activation in a mosquito: adults that emerge from infected larvae have stronger antibacterial activity in their hemocoel yet increased susceptibility to malaria infection. | larval and adult mosquitoes mount immune responses against pathogens that invade their hemocoel. although it has been suggested that a correlation exists between immune processes across insect life stages, the influence that an infection in the hemocoel of a larva has on the immune system of the eclosed adult remains unknown. here, we used anopheles gambiae to test whether a larval infection influences the adult response to a subsequent bacterial or malaria parasite infection. we found that for ... | 2019 | 31161020 |
| prior contact with permethrin decreases its irritancy at the following exposure among a pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) remain major components for vector control despite the spread of resistance mechanisms among mosquito populations. multiple exposures to pyrethroids may induce physiological and behavioral changes in mosquitoes, possibly reducing efficacy of control tools. despite epidemiological relevance, the effects of multiple exposures to pyrethroids on their efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes has received little interest. in the present study, we assessed the e ... | 2019 | 31160750 |
| the effects of larval organic fertiliser exposure on the larval development, adult longevity and insecticide tolerance of zoophilic members of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae). | zoophilic members of the anopheles gambiae complex are often associated with cattle. as such, it is likely that the immature aquatic stages will be exposed to cattle faeces as a pollutant. this study aimed to examine the effect of cattle manure on members of the an. gambiae complex found in south africa. in this study, a commercial organic fertiliser originating from cattle manure was used as a proxy for cattle faeces. laboratory strains of an. merus, an. quadriannulatus as well as four an. arab ... | 2019 | 30998732 |
| correction to: detection of plasmodium falciparum infected anopheles gambiae using near-infrared spectroscopy. | following publication of the original article [1], it was flagged that the name of the author lisa ranford-cartwright had been (incorrectly) given as 'lisa-ranford cartwright. | 2019 | 30995912 |
| malaria load affects the activity of mosquito salivary apyrase. | mosquitoes infected by sporozoites, the infectious stage of malaria, bite more frequently than uninfected mosquitoes. one of the mechanisms underlying this behavioural change appears to be that the sporozoites decrease the activity of apyrase, an adp-degrading enzyme that helps the mosquitoes to locate blood. using the parasite plasmodium berghei and the mosquito anopheles gambiae, we confirmed that sporozoite infection alters the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes by making them more likely t ... | 2019 | 30986373 |
| evaluation of standard pyrethroid based lns (miranet and magnet) in experimental huts against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae s.l. m'bé, côte d'ivoire: potential for impact on vectorial capacity. | there is evidence from experimental hut and household studies that the entomological efficacy of long lasting pyrethroid treated nets (llins) is compromised in areas of pyrethroid resistance. the rapid increase in resistance intensity in african malaria vectors could further undermine the performance of these nets. the pyrethroid resistance intensity in anopheles gambiae s.l. m'bé from central côte d'ivoire is reported to be high (> 1700 fold). whether this translates into an increase in entomol ... | 2019 | 30973948 |
| evaluation of the performance of new sticky pots for outdoor resting malaria vector surveillance in western kenya. | surveillance of outdoor resting malaria vector populations is crucial to monitor possible changes in vector resting and feeding behaviour following the widespread use of indoor-based vector control interventions. however, it is seldom included in the routine vector surveillance system in africa due to lack of well standardized and efficient traps. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sticky pots for outdoor resting malaria vector surveillance in western kenya. | 2019 | 31151470 |
| the ability of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to bite through a permethrin-treated net and the consequences for their fitness. | insecticide-treated bed-nets (itns) control malaria by keeping mosquitoes from reaching people sleeping under a net and by killing mosquitoes. most tests of itns consider their overall epidemiological outcome without considering the different behaviors underlying their effects. here we consider one of these behaviors: that mosquitoes can bite through the net if its user is touching it. we assayed the ability of an insecticide-sensitive strain of the mosquito anopheles gambiae to bite through a p ... | 2019 | 31148587 |
| robust estimation of recent effective population size from number of independent origins in soft sweeps. | estimating recent effective population size is of great importance in characterizing and predicting the evolution of natural populations. methods based on nucleotide diversity may underestimate current day effective population sizes due to historical bottlenecks, whereas methods that reconstruct demographic history typically only detect long-term variations. however, soft selective sweeps, which leave a fingerprint of mutational history by recurrent mutations on independent haplotype backgrounds ... | 2019 | 30968124 |
| population dynamics of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in rural and urban settings before an indoor residual spraying campaign in northern benin. | background: the purpose of this report is to provide information on culicidae diversity; biting behavior and spatio-seasonal variation of abundance of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in rural and urban settings of the alibori and donga regions, northern benin, where an indoor residual spraying (irs) campaign to control malaria is planned. methods: both human landing catches, associated with pyrethrum spray catches were used to monitor the mosquito populations in 12 sites with 1 ... | 2019 | 30964413 |
| stimulation of a protease targeting the lrim1/apl1c complex reveals specificity in complement-like pathway activation in anopheles gambiae. | the complement-like pathway of the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae provides protection against infection by diverse pathogens. a functional requirement for a core set of proteins during infections by rodent and human malaria parasites, bacteria, and fungi suggests a similar mechanism operates against different pathogens. however, the extent to which the molecular mechanisms are conserved is unknown. in this study we probed the biochemical responses of complement-like pathway to challe ... | 2019 | 30958840 |
| ribosomal/nucleolar stress induction regulates tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tbhp) mediated oxidative stress in anopheles gambiae midguts. | a fundamental understanding of redox homeostasis in anopheles gambiae midgut cells under different oxidative conditions is missing. such knowledge can aid in the development of new malaria transmission-blocking strategies aimed at disrupting natural homeostatic processes in the mosquito during plasmodium parasite uptake (i.e. blood feeding). the aim of this study was to understand how the an. gambiae midgut regulates oxidative stress to reactive oxygen species (ros), especially to a potent ros-i ... | 2019 | 30922378 |
| introgression of a synthetic sex ratio distortion system from anopheles gambiae into anopheles arabiensis. | i-ppoi is a homing endonuclease that has a high cleavage activity and specificity for a conserved sequence within the ribosomal rdna repeats, located in a single cluster on the anopheles gambiae x chromosome. this property has been exploited to develop a synthetic sex ratio distortion system in this mosquito species. when i-ppoi is expressed from a transgene during spermatogenesis in mosquitoes, the paternal x chromosome is shredded and only y chromosome-bearing sperm are viable, resulting in a ... | 2019 | 30914785 |
| dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review. | malaria still claims substantial lives of individuals in tanzania. insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spray (irs) are used as major malaria vector control tools. these tools are facing great challenges from the rapid escalating insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations. this review presents the information on the dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in mainland tanzania since 1997. the information is important to policy-makers and other ... | 2019 | 30914051 |
| suppression of malaria vector densities and human infection prevalence associated with scale-up of mosquito-proofed housing in dar es salaam, tanzania: re-analysis of an observational series of parasitological and entomological surveys. | in the city of dar es salaam, tanzania, rapid and spontaneous scale-up of window screening occurred through purely horizontal commercial distribution systems without any public subsidies or promotion. scale-up of window screening coincided with a planned evaluation of programmatic, vertically managed scale-up of regular larvicide application as an intervention against malaria vectors and transmission. we aimed to establish whether scale-up of window screening was associated with suppression of m ... | 2019 | 30904112 |
| insecticide resistance mechanisms in anopheles gambiae complex populations from burkina faso, west africa. | vector control constitutes a fundamental approach in reducing vector density and the efficient option to break malaria transmission in africa. malaria vectors developed resistance to almost all classes of insecticides recommended by who for vector control in most places of african countries and may compromise the vector control strategies. this study updated the resistance status of anopheles gambiae complex populations to insecticides recommended for vector control in the western part of burkin ... | 2019 | 31175862 |
| a comparative whole genome sequence analysis leads to identification of repeat-associated evolutionarily conserved mirnas in bombyx mori (lepidoptera: bombycidae). | micrornas (mirnas) are evolutionarily conserved small noncoding rnas, which play important regulatory roles in various biological processes. in this study, we have developed a computational approach for detecting conserved mirnas based on comparison of whole genome sequences of closely related species by considering various key features of experimentally validated mirnas. by applying this approach, we have identified 34 new mirnas from bombyx mori (l.), which are also conserved in drosophila mel ... | 2019 | 31175835 |
| llin evaluation in uganda project (llineup): a cross-sectional survey of species diversity and insecticide resistance in 48 districts of uganda. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are the principal tool for malaria control in africa and are presently treated with a single class of insecticide; however, increasing levels of insecticide resistance threaten their success. in response to this threat nets have been developed that incorporate the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo), which inhibits the activity of cytochrome p450s which is one main mechanisms of insecticide resistance, allowing resistance to pyrethroids to be reversed. howe ... | 2019 | 30867018 |
| artisanal fishing supports breeding of malaria mosquitoes in western kenya. | everyday hundreds of people, mainly men, set out to take part in a vibrant artisanal capture fishing (acf) industry on lake victoria. it is not known whether actions of artisanal fishers, in their unrelenting quest for existence, surpass ecosystems' sustainability thresholds with potentially negative repercussions on human health with respect to malaria transmission potential. this article sought to fill this information gap. | 2019 | 30866935 |
| colonization of the tsetse fly midgut with commensal kosakonia cowanii zambiae inhibits trypanosome infection establishment. | tsetse flies (glossina spp.) vector pathogenic trypanosomes (trypanosoma spp.) in sub-saharan africa. these parasites cause human and animal african trypanosomiases, which are debilitating diseases that inflict an enormous socio-economic burden on inhabitants of endemic regions. current disease control strategies rely primarily on treating infected animals and reducing tsetse population densities. however, relevant programs are costly, labor intensive and difficult to sustain. as such, novel str ... | 2019 | 30817773 |
| exposing anopheles mosquitoes to antimalarials blocks plasmodium parasite transmission. | bites of anopheles mosquitoes transmit plasmodium falciparum parasites that cause malaria, which kills hundreds of thousands of people every year. since the turn of this century, efforts to prevent the transmission of these parasites via the mass distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets have been extremely successful, and have led to an unprecedented reduction in deaths from malaria1. however, resistance to insecticides has become widespread in anopheles populations2-4, which has led to the ... | 2019 | 30814727 |
| the impact of anopheles gambiae egg storage for mass rearing and production success. | mass rearing requires a large colony from which male individuals can be harvested for sterilization and release. attention is needed when monitoring life parameters of the reared population, knowing that any variations within the target population would lead to mismatching between two populations. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) egg storage on hatchability and life history traits. for each parameter, comparison was made between freshly lai ... | 2019 | 30808356 |
| seasonal malaria vector and transmission dynamics in western burkina faso. | in the context of widespread mosquito resistance to currently available pesticides, novel, precise genetic vector control methods aimed at population suppression or trait replacement are a potentially powerful approach that could complement existing malaria elimination interventions. such methods require knowledge of vector population composition, dynamics, behaviour and role in transmission. here were characterized these parameters in three representative villages, bana, pala and souroukoudinga ... | 2019 | 30940141 |
| influence of blood meal and age of mosquitoes on susceptibility to pyrethroids in anopheles gambiae from western kenya. | physiological characteristics (age and blood feeding status) of malaria vectors can influence their susceptibility to the current vector control tools that target their feeding and resting behaviour. to ensure the sustainability of the current and future vector control tools an understanding of how physiological characteristics may contribute to insecticide tolerance in the field is fundamental for shaping resistance management strategies and vector control tools. the aim of this study was to de ... | 2019 | 30940139 |
| steroid hormone function controls non-competitive plasmodium development in anopheles. | transmission of malaria parasites occurs when a female anopheles mosquito feeds on an infected host to acquire nutrients for egg development. how parasites are affected by oogenetic processes, principally orchestrated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), remains largely unknown. here we show that plasmodium falciparum development is intimately but not competitively linked to processes shaping anopheles gambiae reproduction. we unveil a 20e-mediated positive correlation between egg an ... | 2019 | 30929905 |
| plasmodium falciparum (haemosporodia: plasmodiidae) and o'nyong-nyong virus development in a transgenic anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) strain. | transgenic anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes have been developed that confer sexual sterility on males that carry a transgene encoding a protein which cuts ribosomal dna. a relevant risk concern with transgenic mosquitoes is that their capacity to transmit known pathogens could be greater than the unmodified form. in this study, the ability to develop two human pathogens in these transgenic mosquitoes carrying a homing endonuclease which is expressed in the testes was compa ... | 2019 | 30924861 |
| use of anopheles salivary biomarker to assess seasonal variation of human exposure to anopheles bites in children living near rubber and oil palm cultivations in côte d'ivoire. | environmental changes related to agricultural practices and activities can impact malaria transmission. in the objective to evaluate this impact on the human-vector contact, the level of human exposure to anopheles vector bites was assess by an immuno-epidemiological indicator based on the assessment of the human igg antibody response to the anopheles gambiae gsg6-p1 salivary peptide, previously validated as a pertinent biomarker. two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the dry and rainy ... | 2019 | 30923754 |
| impact of sunlight exposure on the residual efficacy of biolarvicides bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and bacillus sphaericus against the main malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | biotic and abiotic factors have been reported to affect the larvicidal efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and bacillus sphaericus (bs), although the extent to which they are affected has been poorly documented. this paper studies the effect of sunlight exposure on the efficacy of a new larvicide formulation based on both bti and bs, herein after referred to as btbswax, applied against two different larval stages. | 2019 | 30808348 |
| the male mosquito contribution towards malaria transmission: mating influences the anopheles female midgut transcriptome and increases female susceptibility to human malaria parasites. | mating causes dramatic changes in female physiology, behaviour, and immunity in many insects, inducing oogenesis, oviposition, and refractoriness to further mating. females from the anopheles gambiae species complex typically mate only once in their lifetime during which they receive sperm and seminal fluid proteins as well as a mating plug that contains the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. this hormone, which is also induced by blood-feeding, plays a major role in activating vitellogenesis f ... | 2019 | 31697788 |
| a new species in the major malaria vector complex sheds light on reticulated species evolution. | complexes of closely related species provide key insights into the rapid and independent evolution of adaptive traits. here, we described and studied anopheles fontenillei sp.n., a new species in the anopheles gambiae complex that we recently discovered in the forested areas of gabon, central africa. our analysis placed the new taxon in the phylogenetic tree of the an. gambiae complex, revealing important introgression events with other members of the complex. particularly, we detected recent in ... | 2019 | 31611571 |
| windborne long-distance migration of malaria mosquitoes in the sahel. | over the past two decades efforts to control malaria have halved the number of cases globally, yet burdens remain high in much of africa and the elimination of malaria has not been achieved even in areas where extreme reductions have been sustained, such as south africa1,2. studies seeking to understand the paradoxical persistence of malaria in areas in which surface water is absent for 3-8 months of the year have suggested that some species of anopheles mosquito use long-distance migration3. he ... | 2019 | 31578527 |
| in silico karyotyping of chromosomally polymorphic malaria mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | chromosomal inversion polymorphisms play an important role in adaptation to environmental heterogeneities. for mosquito species in the anopheles gambiae complex that are significant vectors of human malaria, paracentric inversion polymorphisms are abundant and are associated with ecologically and epidemiologically important phenotypes. improved understanding of these traits relies on determining mosquito karyotype, which currently depends upon laborious cytogenetic methods whose application is l ... | 2019 | 31391198 |
| status of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of the gambia. | vector control activities, namely long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) and indoor residual spraying (irs), have contributed significantly to the decreasing malaria burden observed in the gambia since 2008. nevertheless, insecticide resistance may threaten such success; it is important to regularly assess the susceptibility of local malaria vectors to available insecticides. | 2019 | 31164149 |
| a combination of metabolic resistance and high frequency of the 1014f kdr mutation is driving pyrethroid resistance in anopheles coluzzii population from guinea savanna of cameroon. | the scale-up in the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying has significantly reduced malaria burden and mortality. however, insecticide resistance, among other factors, is responsible for a recent rebound in malaria transmission in 2015-2016, threatening the progress so far made. as a contribution towards understanding patterns of resistance and its mechanism in the field we characterized a population of anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from gounougou, a guin ... | 2019 | 31133042 |
| streamlined smfa and mosquito dark-feeding regime significantly improve malaria transmission-blocking assay robustness and sensitivity. | the development of malaria transmission-blocking strategies including the generation of malaria refractory mosquitoes to replace the wild populations through means of gene drives hold great promise. the standard membrane feeding assay (smfa) that involves mosquito feeding on parasitized blood through an artificial membrane system is a vital tool for evaluating the efficacy of transmission-blocking interventions. however, despite the availability of several published protocols, the smfa remains h ... | 2019 | 30683107 |
| high insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles coluzzii in chad republic. | the sahel region of chad republic is a prime candidate for malaria pre-elimination. to facilitate pre-elimination efforts in this region, two populations of anopheles coluzzii from central chad republic were characterized, their insecticide resistance profile and the possible molecular mechanisms driving the resistance in the field investigated. | 2019 | 31796068 |
| current versus future reproductive investment adaptive responses in adult anopheles coluzzii malaria mosquitoes: hydric-stressed males give it all. | life history theory predicts that an individual's current reproductive investment should depend on its future reproductive value. a variety of intrinsic biotic and extrinsic factors influence reproductive value, including age, health status and current environmental conditions. phenotypic plastic reproductive decisions are particularly crucial in species with limited mating and breeding opportunities. in the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii, the combination of male-male competition and female ... | 2019 | 31358037 |
| spatial and temporal development of deltamethrin resistance in malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex from north cameroon. | the effectiveness of insecticide-based malaria vector control interventions in africa is threatened by the spread and intensification of pyrethroid resistance in targeted mosquito populations. the present study aimed at investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of deltamethrin resistance in an. gambiae s.l. populations from north cameroon. mosquito larvae were collected from 24 settings of the garoua, pitoa and mayo oulo health districts (hds) from 2011 to 2015. two to five days old female ... | 2019 | 30779799 |
| does artemether-lumefantrine administration affect mosquito olfactory behaviour and fitness? | artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) is the recommended treatment against uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum infections, and act is widely used. it has been shown that gametocytes may be present after act and transmission to mosquitoes is still possible. artemether-lumefantrine (al) is a broadly used artemisinin-based combination medicine. here, it is tested whether al influences behaviour and fitness of anopheles mosquitoes, which are the main vectors of p. falciparum. | 2019 | 30691446 |
| high plasmodium infection and multiple insecticide resistance in a major malaria vector anopheles coluzzii from sahel of niger republic. | information on insecticide resistance and the mechanisms driving it in the major malaria vectors is grossly lacking in niger republic, thus hindering control efforts. to facilitate evidence-based malaria control, the role of anopheles coluzzii population from southern niger, in malaria transmission, its insecticides resistance profile and the molecular mechanisms driving the resistance were characterized. | 2019 | 31126311 |
| larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii (vahl) r. br root extracts against anopheles gambiae giless.s, aedes aegypti l, and culex quinquefasciatussay. | aim: this study aimed to evaluate larvicidal activity of hypoestes forskaolii r. br root extract against 3rd instar anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. methods: a protocol developed by the world health organization was adopted, with minor modification using chloroform and methanol extracts with concentrations ranging from 25-750 µg/ml. results: the h. forskaolii chloroform extract exhibited very high larvicidal activity after 72 hours of exposure, with lc50 2.0322, 3.89 ... | 2019 | 31118834 |
| insecticide resistance profiles of anopheles gambiae s.l. in togo and genetic mechanisms involved, during 3-year survey: is there any need for resistance management? | malaria, one of the world's greatest public health challenges, is an endemic disease with stable transmission in togo. combating malaria requires an effective vector control. this study provides temporal data on insecticide resistance status in the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) from togo. | 2019 | 31118032 |
| characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide with a target site conserved in the synaptotagmin gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes. | new mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established and emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases. here we describe the characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide that was developed through the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to express a short hairpin rna targeting the aedes aegypti synaptotagmin (aae syt) gene. the larvicide effectively silences the aae syt gene, causes defects at the larval neural synapse, and induces high ra ... | 2019 | 31107878 |
| the current distribution and characterization of the l1014f resistance allele of the kdr gene in three malaria vectors (anopheles gambiae, anopheles coluzzii, anopheles arabiensis) in benin (west africa). | the fight against malaria faces various biological obstacles, including the resistance of parasites to anti-malarial drugs and the resistance of mosquito vectors to insecticides. the resistance of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) to pyrethroids, the only class of insecticides used to impregnate mosquito nets, is known in benin; the expansion of this resistance is influenced by the existence of gene flow between species, otherwise by the presence or absence of the kdr mutation in them. the obj ... | 2019 | 31113418 |
| anopheline species composition and the 1014f-genotype in different ecological settings of burkina faso in relation to malaria transmission. | a three-year longitudinal study was conducted in four sentinel sites from different ecological settings in burkina faso, between 2008 and 2010 to identify longitudinal changes in insecticide resistance within anopheles gambiae complex species based on larval collection. during this study, adult mosquitoes were also collected indoor and outdoor using several methods of collection. the present study reports the diversity of malaria vectors and the 1014f-genotype from this adult collection and inve ... | 2019 | 31068189 |
| the pharmacological and functional characterization of the serotonergic system in anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti: influences on flight and blood-feeding behavior. | aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae harbor the causative agents of diseases such as dengue fever and malaria, afflicting human morbidity and mortality worldwide. given the worldwide emergence of resistance to insecticides, the current mainstay for vector control, identification of alternative modes of action for future insecticides is paramount. the serotonergic (5-ht) system has been documented to impact physiological mechanisms involved in disease transmission, suggesting its potential as a ne ... | 2019 | 30872615 |
| udp-glycosyltransferase genes and their association and mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae). | udp-glycosyltransferase (ugt) is an important biotransformation superfamily of enzymes. they catalyze the transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor hydrophobic molecules, and function in several physiological processes, including detoxification, olfaction, cuticle formation, pigmentation. the diversity, classification, scaffold location, characteristics, phylogenetics, and evolution of the superfamily of genes at whole genome level, and their association and muta ... | 2019 | 30845961 |
| effect of water source and feed regime on development and phenotypic quality in anopheles gambiae (s.l.): prospects for improved mass-rearing techniques towards release programmes. | in many malaria-endemic sub-saharan countries, insecticide resistance poses a threat to existing mosquito control measures, underscoring the need for complementary control methods such as sterile and/or genetically-modified mosquito release programmes. the sibling species anopheles gambiae and an. coluzzii are responsible for malaria transmission in most of this region. in their natural habitat, these species generally breed in clean, soft water and it is believed that divergent preference in th ... | 2019 | 31060574 |
| genetic structure of anopheles gambiae s.s populations following the use of insecticides on several consecutive years in southern benin. | several studies have reported the strong resistance of anopheles gambiae s.l. complex species to pyrethroids. the voltage-dependent sodium channel (vgsc) gene is the main target of pyrethroids and ddt. in benin, the frequency of the resistant allele (l1014f) of this gene varies along the north-south transect. monitoring the evolution of resistance is necessary to better appreciate the genetic structure of vector populations in localities subject to the intensive use of chemicals associated with ... | 2019 | 31007534 |
| status of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii populations from forest settings in south cameroon. | a key factor affecting malaria vector control efforts in cameroon is the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l (an. gambiae) populations; however, mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in forest mosquito populations are still not well documented yet. the present study was conducted to screen molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in an. gambiae s.l. populations from the south cameroon forest region. who bioassays were conducted with f0 an. gam ... | 2019 | 31554225 |
| de novo profiling of rna viruses in anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes from forest ecological zones in senegal and cambodia. | mosquitoes are colonized by a large but mostly uncharacterized natural virome of rna viruses, and the composition and distribution of the natural rna virome may influence the biology and immunity of anopheles malaria vector populations. | 2019 | 31429704 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) as an interfering rna expression and delivery system. | the broad application of rna interference for disease prevention is dependent upon the production of dsrna in an economically feasible, scalable, and sustainable fashion, as well as the identification of safe and effective methods for rna delivery. current research has sparked interest in the use of saccharomyces cerevisiae for these applications. this review examines the potential for commercial development of yeast interfering rna expression and delivery systems. s. cerevisiae is a genetic mod ... | 2019 | 30474529 |
| rapid high throughput sybr green assay for identifying the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. giles. | the anopheles gambiae sensu lato species complex consists of a number of cryptic species with different habitats and behaviours. these morphologically indistinct species are identified by chromosome banding. several molecular diagnostic techniques for distinguishing between an. coluzzii and an. gambiae are still under improvement. although, the current sine method for identification between an. coluzzii and an. gambiae works reliably, this study describes a refinement of the sine method to incre ... | 2019 | 31002694 |
| preparation and use of a yeast shrna delivery system for gene silencing in mosquito larvae. | the mosquito genome projects facilitated research in new facets of mosquito biology, including functional genetic studies in the dengue and zika virus vector aedes aegypti and the primary african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. rna interference (rnai) has facilitated gene silencing experiments in both of these disease vector mosquito species and could one day be applied as a new method of vector control. here, we describe a procedure for the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (bak ... | 2019 | 30414120 |
| effects of the removal or reduction in density of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae s.l., on interacting predators and competitors in local ecosystems. | new genetic control methods for mosquitoes may reduce vector species without direct effects on other species or the physical environment common with insecticides or drainage. effects on predators and competitors could, however, be a concern as anopheles gambiae s.l. is preyed upon in all life stages. we overview the literature and assess the strength of the ecological interactions identified. most predators identified consume many other insect species and there is no evidence that any species pr ... | 2019 | 30044507 |
| is saglin a mosquito salivary gland receptor for plasmodium falciparum? | saglin, a 100 kda protein composed of two 50 kda homodimers, is present in the salivary glands of anopheles gambiae and has been considered an essential receptor for sporozoites (spz) of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum (pf), allowing spz to recognize, bind to, and infect mosquito salivary glands. spatial and temporal patterns of saglin expression reported here, however, suggest that this model does not fully describe the saglin-spz interaction. | 2019 | 30602380 |
| proteomics reveals localization of cuticular proteins in anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae devotes over 2% of its protein coding genes to its 298 structural cuticular proteins (cps). this paper provides new lc-ms/ms data on two adult structures, proboscises and palps, as well as three larval samples - 4th instar larvae, just their terminal segment, and a preparation enriched in their tracheae. these data were combined with our previously published results of proteins from five other adult structures, whole adults, and two preparations chosen for their relatively clea ... | 2019 | 30278207 |
| association mapping desiccation resistance within chromosomal inversions in the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | inversion polymorphisms are responsible for many ecologically important phenotypes and are often found under balancing selection. however, the same features that ensure their large role in local adaptation-especially reduced recombination between alternate arrangements-mean that uncovering the precise loci within inversions that control these phenotypes is unachievable using standard mapping approaches. here, we take advantage of long-term balancing selection on a pair of inversions in the mosqu ... | 2019 | 30252170 |
| comparative functional study of thioester-containing related proteins in the recently sequenced genome of biomphalaria glabrata. | there is paucity of information on functional relationship and characterization of biomphalaria glabrata thioester-containing proteins (bgtep) to other well-annotated homologues. we performed functional characterization studies of bgtep to homologues in anopheles gambiae and in disparate invertebrates. | 2019 | 29963089 |
| transcontinental dispersal of anopheles gambiae occurred from west african origin via serial founder events. | the mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-saharan africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an african malaria vector. here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the comoros. genetic distances between populations of a. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in w ... | 2019 | 31886413 |
| eater and draper are involved in the periostial haemocyte immune response in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | haemocytes respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens, producing the enzymes that drive the phenoloxidase-based melanization cascade, secreting lytic factors, and producing other humoral proteins. a subset of haemocytes, called periostial haemocytes, aggregate on the surface of the heart of mosquitoes and kill pathogens in areas of high haemolymph flow. periostial haemocytes are always present, but an infection induces the recruitment of additional haemocytes to these regions. here, we test ... | 2018 | 29520896 |
| elevated plasmodium infection rates and high pyrethroid resistance in major malaria vectors in a forested area of cameroon highlight challenges of malaria control. | high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) is the cornerstone of the malaria control strategy of the national malaria control program (nmcp) in cameroon, with a target of reducing malaria transmission to less than 10% by 2035. to this end, more than 20 million llins have been distributed to populations countrywide since 2011. the present study evaluated entomological indices and anopheles susceptibility to pyrethroids in a rural forested area of south cameroon with high coverage of ... | 2018 | 29519247 |