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crossing the mucosal barrier: a commensal bacterium gives dengue virus a leg-up in the mosquito midgut.commensal bacteria that colonize the midgut of aedes aegypti mosquitoes can influence the transmission of arthropod-borne viruses. in this issue of cell host & microbe, wu et al. (2019) show that serratia marcescens bacteria secrete enhancin proteins that cleave membrane-bound mucins, thereby facilitating dengue virus infection of midgut epithelial cells.201930629911
economic burden of dengue in indonesia.dengue is associated with significant economic expenditure and it is estimated that the asia pacific region accounts for >50% of the global cost. indonesia has one of the world's highest dengue burdens; aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are the primary and secondary vectors. in the absence of local data on disease cost, this study estimated the annual economic burden during 2015 of both hospitalized and ambulatory dengue cases in indonesia.201930629593
ocular findings in yellow fever infection.yellow fever virus (yfv) is a reemerging, potentially lethal arboviral disease that has been occurring recently in africa and south america. poor levels of immunization have facilitated the viral spread in southeastern brazil, leading to an unprecedented outbreak that started in late 2016. although human cases have been linked to sylvatic mosquitoes, the concern is that yfv may spread to urban centers infested with aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes and start a true urban cycle.201930629101
adaptation of aedes aegypti to salinity: characterized by larger anal papillae in larvae. 201930618451
epidemic potential of zika virus in australia: implications for blood transfusion safety.zika virus (zikv) is transfusion-transmissible. in australia the primary vector, aedes aegypti, is established in the north-east, such that local transmission is possible following importation of an index case, which has the potential to impact on blood transfusion safety and public health. we estimated the basic reproduction number (r 0 ) to model the epidemic potential of zikv in australian locations, compared this with the ecologically similar dengue viruses (denv), and examined possible impl ...201930618208
larvicidal and pupicidal activities of eco-friendly phenolic lipid products from anacardium occidentale nutshell against arbovirus vectors.aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of diseases that constitute public health problems. the discovery of products capable of inhibiting their development which are less harmful to the environment would have a huge impact on vector control. here, natural cashew nut shell liquid (cnsl), technical cnsl, anacardic acid, cardanol, and cardol were isolated from anacardium occidentale and evaluated for larvicidal and pupicidal activity against ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus under ...201930610586
assessment of combined tools and strategies for aedes aegypti control with low environmental impact.the control of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is the main action against dengue, chikungunya, and zika. the excessive use of conventional insecticides has promoted the development of other control methods and strategies with lower environmental impact. we evaluated the effectiveness of applying triflumuron 1 ppm and emptying water-filled containers in a field trial in temperate argentina. both control methods were implemented either individually or combined and regular ...201930607607
alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control.mosquito-borne viruses-such as zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, among others-are of global importance. although vaccine development for prevention of mosquito-borne arbovirus infections has been a focus, mitigation strategies continue to rely on vector control. however, vector control has failed to prevent recent epidemics and arrest expanding geographic distribution of key arboviruses, such as dengue. as a consequence, there has been increasing necessity to further optimize cu ...201930605475
laboratory evaluation of repellency of traditional czech homemade repellents against aedes aegypti.in the czech republic, autochtonous transmission of mosquito borne diseases is not common; however, the need for personal protection should not be underestimated. many people still rely on homemade repellents utilizing recipes based on local folk wisdom that are published annually in local czech media. despite minimal disease risk, nuisance biting and potential allergic responses make it essential to evaluate the chemical composition, effect, and duration of four homemade repellents often used a ...201930602280
igg1 and igg4 antibodies against aedes aegypti salivary proteins and risk for dengue infections.dengue virus (denv) is an arbovirus responsible for a significant number of deaths in latin america. this virus is transmitted through the bite of aedes aegypti, the main mosquito vector, and ae. albopictus. during blood uptake, the mosquito injects its saliva into the host to facilitate the feeding process. mosquito saliva contains potent immunogens capable of inducing antibody production directly related to mosquito bite exposure intensity and disease risk. in this study, we first determined t ...201930601814
a gut commensal bacterium promotes mosquito permissiveness to arboviruses.mosquitoes are hematophagous vectors that can acquire human viruses in their intestinal tract. here, we define a mosquito gut commensal bacterium that promotes permissiveness to arboviruses. antibiotic depletion of gut bacteria impaired arboviral infection of a lab-adapted aedes aegypti mosquito strain. reconstitution of individual cultivable gut bacteria in antibiotic-treated mosquitoes identified serratia marcescens as a commensal bacterium critical for efficient arboviral acquisition. s. marc ...201930595552
a simple model to predict the potential abundance of aedes aegypti mosquitoes one month in advance.the mosquito aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses in the united states. surveillance for adult ae. aegypti is limited, hindering understanding of the mosquito's seasonal patterns and predictions of areas at elevated risk for autochthonous virus transmission. we developed a simple, intuitive empirical model that uses readily available temperature and humidity variables to predict environmental suitability for low, medium, or high potential ...201930594264
comparative efficacy of eucalyptus globulus (labill) hydrodistilled essential oil and temephos as mosquito larvicide.in this study eucalyptus globulus essential oil was tested on major mosquito species and toxicity was compared with temephos. mortality was calculated after 24 h and 48 h post treatment. in 24 h treatment essential oil show strong larvicidal activity with lc50 and lc90 values were 30.198ppm, 103.389ppm for anopheles stephensi, 13.578ppm, 106.755ppm for aedes aegypti; and, 7.469ppm, 32.454ppm for culex quinquefasciatus and 48 h post treatment lc50 and lc90 values were, 12.576, 49.380ppm for anoph ...201930623679
a novel entomological index, aedes aegypti breeding percentage, reveals the geographical spread of the dengue vector in singapore and serves as a spatial risk indicator for dengue.aedes aegypti is an efficient primary vector of dengue, and has a heterogeneous distribution in singapore. aedes albopictus, a poor vector of dengue, is native and ubiquitous on the island. though dengue risk follows the dispersal of ae. aegypti, the spatial distribution of the vector is often poorly characterized. here, based on the ubiquitous presence of ae. albopictus, we developed a novel entomological index, ae. aegypti breeding percentage (bp), to demonstrate the expansion of ae. aegypti i ...201930621762
matching the genetics of released and local aedes aegypti populations is critical to assure wolbachia invasion.traditional vector control approaches such as source reduction and insecticide spraying have limited effect on reducing aedes aegypti population. the endosymbiont wolbachia is pointed as a promising tool to mitigate arbovirus transmission and has been deployed worldwide. models predict a rapid increase on the frequency of wolbachia-positive ae. aegypti mosquitoes in local settings, supported by cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) and high maternal transmission rate associated with the wmelbr strain ...201930620733
identification and characterization of a mosquito-specific eggshell organizing factor in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for several million human deaths annually around the world. one approach to controlling mosquito populations is to disrupt molecular processes or antagonize novel metabolic targets required for the production of viable eggs. to this end, we focused our efforts on identifying proteins required for completion of embryonic development that are mosquito selective and represent potential targets for vector control. we performed bioinformatic analyses to identif ...201930620728
density-dependent enhanced replication of a densovirus in wolbachia-infected aedes cells is associated with production of pirnas and higher virus-derived sirnas.the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia pipientis has been shown to restrict a range of rna viruses in drosophila melanogaster and transinfected dengue mosquito, aedes aegypti. here, we show that wolbachia infection enhances replication of aedes albopictus densovirus (aaldnv-1), a single stranded dna virus, in aedes cell lines in a density-dependent manner. analysis of previously produced small rnas of aag2 cells showed that wolbachia-infected cells produced greater absolute abundance of virus-der ...201930583288
the aedes aegypti imd pathway is a critical component of the mosquito antifungal immune response.successful infection of the insect body by entomopathogenic fungi is the result of complex molecular interactions between the host and the invading pathogenic fungi. the mosquito antifungal response is multifaceted and is regulated in part by the toll and jak-stat pathways. here, we assessed the role of the imd pathway in the mosquito ae. aegypti antifungal immune response when challenged with one of two entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria bassiana and isaria javanica. imd pathway components of th ...201930582948
green synthesis of silver-nanoparticles from annona reticulata leaves aqueous extract and its mosquito larvicidal and anti-microbial activity on human pathogens.silver nanoparticles play a important role in controlling mosquito population as well as multi drug resistant pathogens without causing much harm to humans. in the present study was focused on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles against dengue causing vector (aedes aegypti) and pathogens affecting humans. the synthesized silver nanoparticle was confirmed using uv- absorption spectrum range obtained at 416 nm, xrd, ftir and hr-tem analysis were used to determine the silver nanoparticle morpho ...201930581768
the tudor protein veneno assembles the ping-pong amplification complex that produces viral pirnas in aedes mosquitoes.piwi-interacting rnas (pirnas) comprise a class of small rnas best known for suppressing transposable elements in germline tissues. the vector mosquito aedes aegypti encodes seven piwi genes, four of which are somatically expressed. this somatic pirna pathway generates pirnas from viral rna during infection with cytoplasmic rna viruses through ping-pong amplification by the piwi proteins ago3 and piwi5. yet, additional insights into the molecular mechanisms mediating non-canonical pirna producti ...201930566680
container size alters the outcome of interspecific competition between aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus.aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus skuse co-occur in a variety of water-filled containers where they compete for resources. larvae of ae. albopictus skuse often outcompete those of ae. aegypti l., but variation in biotic and abiotic parameters can modify the outcome of this interspecific competition. we tested whether container size can alter the magnitude and direction of intra- and interspecific competition by rearing three ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus larval combinations (100:0, 50:50 an ...201930566608
bioactivity of wild carrot (daucus carota, apiaceae) essential oil against mosquito larvae.invasive alien plants wreak havoc on native ecosystems and using them as a source of biopesticides could improve their management. we examined the toxicity of essential oil of wild carrot (also known as 'queen anne's lace', daucus carota linnaeus), an aggressive invader throughout the united states, against aedes aegypti l., culex pipiens l., and culex restuans theobald larvae. comparisons were made between essential oil extracted from umbels of local populations of wild carrot versus a commerci ...201930566578
mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in aedes (stegomyia) aegypti from colombia.in colombia aedes (stegomyia) aegypti is the main vector of urban arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and zika. this urban mosquito has a well-established capacity to develop insecticide resistance to different types of insecticides (pyrethroids, organochlorides, organophosphates), using multiple resistance mechanisms. an understanding of ongoing resistance mechanisms is critical to determining the activities of vector control programs. in order to identify the biochemical and molecular mech ...201930552882
proteins, transcripts, and genetic architecture of seminal fluid and sperm in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti,, transmits several viruses causative of serious diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya. some proposed efforts to control this vector involve manipulating reproduction to suppress wild populations or to replace them with disease-resistant mosquitoes. the design of such strategies requires an intimate knowledge of reproductive processes, yet our basic understanding of reproductive genetics in this vector remains largely incomplete. to accelerate ...201930552291
distinctive regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase 1 from aedes aegypti mosquitoes.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of arboviruses that cause diseases of public health significance. the discovery of new metabolic targets is crucial for improving mosquito control strategies. we recently demonstrated that glucose oxidation supports ammonia detoxification in a. aegypti. pyruvate kinase (pk, ec 2.7.1.40) catalyzes the last step of the glycolytic pathway. in most organisms, one or more allosteric effectors control pk activity. however, the kinetic properties and structur ...201930578824
production of tetravalent dengue virus envelope protein domain iii based antigens in lettuce chloroplasts and immunologic analysis for future oral vaccine development.dengue fever is a mosquito (aedes aegypti) -transmitted viral disease that is endemic in more than 125 countries around the world. there are four serotypes of the dengue virus (denv 1-4) and a safe and effective dengue vaccine must provide protection against all four serotypes. to date, the first vaccine, dengvaxia (cyd-tdv), is available after many decades' efforts, but only has moderate efficacy. more effective and affordable vaccines are hence required. plants offer promising vaccine producti ...201930578710
fine-scale spatial and temporal dynamics of kdr haplotypes in aedes aegypti from mexico.as resistance to insecticides increases in disease vectors, it has become exceedingly important to monitor populations for susceptibility. most studies of field populations of aedes aegypti have largely characterized resistance patterns at the spatial scale of the city or country, which may not be completely informative given that insecticide application occurs at the scale of the house or city block. phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids dominates in ae. aegypti, and it has been partially explai ...201930626410
seroprevalence of zika virus among asymptomatic pregnant mothers and their newborns in the najran region of southwest saudi arabia.zika virus (zikv) is a teratogenic flavivirus that can cause microcephaly. its main vector, aedes aegypti, has been previ.ously identified in saudi arabia, but no zikv infection has yet been reported. nevertheless, the country is at risk from zikv because it receives many travelers throughout the year, including pilgrims from zikv-endemic countries.201930531174
differential suppression of persistent insect specific viruses in trans-infected wmel and wmelpop-cla aedes-derived mosquito lines.wolbachia suppresses the replication of +ssrna viruses such as dengue and zika viruses in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. however, the range of viruses affected by this endosymbiont is yet to be explored. recently, novel insect-specific viruses (isvs) have been described from numerous mosquito species and mosquito-derived cell lines. cell-fusing agent virus (flaviviridae) and phasi charoen-like virus (bunyaviridae) persistently infect the ae. aegypti cell line aag2 which has been used for experimental ...201930503908
[new altitudinal registration of aedes aegypti in the region of piura, peru]. 201930517515
co-occurrence of v1016i and f1534c mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel and resistance to pyrethroids in aedes aegypti (l.) from the colombian caribbean region.knockdown resistance is conferred primarily by non-synonymous mutations that reduce pyrethroids binding to voltage-gated sodium channels. in 2014, kdr mutation v1016i in aedes aegypti populations resistant to pyrethroids was reported for the first time in colombiα, in 2016 another kdr mutation, f1534c, and in 2018 the mutation v419l. nine populations of a. aegypti, previously characterized as being resistant to λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin and permethrin, were used for this study. gen ...201930520256
volatile composition and biological activities of the leaf essential oil from zanthoxylum limoncello grown in oaxaca, méxico.zanthoxylum limoncello is a native plant from southern mexico which is used as a timber source, condiment and as a traditional medicine. herein, we report on the volatile content of the leaf essential oil and its biological activities. the annual essential oils (2015-2018) contained volatile organic compounds which exhibited a moderate growth inhibitory activity against h. pylori atcc 53504 (mic 121.4-139.7 μg ml-1 ), 26695 (mic 85.5-94.9 μg ml-1 ) and j99 (mic 94.7-110.4 μg ml-1 ). these hydrod ...201930512233
coinfection of chikungunya and dengue viruses: a serological study from north western region of punjab, india.dengue and chikungunya (chik) infections appear to be increasing in all parts of india. aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus (denv) and chik virus (chikv). in areas where both viruses cocirculate, they can be transmitted together. there are very few studies discussing the dengue-chik coinfection from punjab region of india. the present study was undertaken to study the clinical features of dengue-chik coinfection and compare with monoinfection.201930498319
going viral 2019: zika, chikungunya, and dengue.chikungunya and zika virus infections are emerging diseases in the americas, and dengue continues to be the most prevalent arthropod-borne virus in the world. these arbovirus diseases may spread by endemic transmission or as travel-related infections and have rapidly expanded their geographic distribution secondary to vector spread. all 3 share a similar clinical picture that includes a maculopapular rash. zika is characterized by pruritic rash, low-grade fever, and arthralgia. congenital nervou ...201930466692
aedes aegypti vector competence studies: a review.aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of the four viruses that have had the greatest impact on human health, the viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika fever. because this mosquito is easy to rear in the laboratory and these viruses grow in laboratory tissue culture cells, many studies have been performed testing the relative competence of different populations of the mosquito to transmit many different strains of viruses. we review here this large literature includ ...201930465912
autocidal gravid ovitrap incorporation with attractants for control of gravid and host-seeking aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) is a primary vector of multiple arboviruses including zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. after incorporating bg lure or bg lure + octenol, the cdc's autocidal gravid ovitrap (ago) was more effective at collecting and controlling host-seeking female ae. aegypti than gravid female mosquitoes. the addition of octenol to the ago did not increase the number of female mosquitoes captured by the ago, compared with the ago alone. the ago baited with ...201930462293
monitoring insecticide resistance profiles of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the sunda islands of indonesia based on diagnostic doses of larvicides.this study was conducted to monitor the susceptibility status of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) larvae in the sunda islands of indonesia against various organophosphates and organochlorines. larval bioassay was performed in accordance with the world health organization standard protocol. field-collected and reference strains of ae. aegypti larvae were tested against diagnostic doses of eight larvicides belonging to organophosphates and organochlorines, namely bromophos (0.050 mg/liter), chlopyrifos (0 ...201930462258
past, present and future of aedes aegypti in its south american southern distribution fringe: what do temperature and population tell us?aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (linnaeus) is currently the major threat among arbovirus vectors in the americas. we examined its past, present, and future distribution patterns in the south american fringe in association with environmental and demographic variables at two spatial scales. we updated the database of the occurrence of ae. aegypti per locality and modelled by glmm the past occurrence (until 2000) and its expansion (2001-2017) as a function of air temperature, precipitation, alti ...201930458122
water channel activity of putative aquaporin-6 present in aedes aegypti.aquaporins (aqps) are integral membrane channels that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water and sometimes other small solutes across biological membranes. aqps are important in mediating environmental adaptations in mosquitoes and are considered as a novel target for the development of effective insecticides against mosquitoes. here, we expressed aedes aegypti aqp6 ( aaaqp6) in human embryonic kidney (hek) 293 cells and analyzed the water permeability by a conventional swelling assay, ...201930456765
isolation and growth inhibition potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against three public health important mosquito vectors.the prevalence of mosquito vector borne diseases and the resistance of mosquitoes to conventional pesticides have been of important public concern to the mosquito endemic countries. present study was conducted to identify the native bio-larvicidal potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes; steinernema siamkayai (kpr-4) heterohabditis indica (kpr-8), steinernema glaseri and steinernema abbasi. the isolated nematodes were subsequently cultured and evaluated their larvicidal potential against the ...201930414843
preparation and use of a yeast shrna delivery system for gene silencing in mosquito larvae.the mosquito genome projects facilitated research in new facets of mosquito biology, including functional genetic studies in the dengue and zika virus vector aedes aegypti and the primary african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. rna interference (rnai) has facilitated gene silencing experiments in both of these disease vector mosquito species and could one day be applied as a new method of vector control. here, we describe a procedure for the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (bak ...201930414120
saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) as an interfering rna expression and delivery system.the broad application of rna interference for disease prevention is dependent upon the production of dsrna in an economically feasible, scalable, and sustainable fashion, as well as the identification of safe and effective methods for rna delivery. current research has sparked interest in the use of saccharomyces cerevisiae for these applications. this review examines the potential for commercial development of yeast interfering rna expression and delivery systems. s. cerevisiae is a genetic mod ...201930474529
ecotoxicity response of chlorpyrifos in aedes aegypti larvae and lactuca sativa seeds after uv/h2o2 and uvc oxidation.chlorpyrifos (cp) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture known to cause neurological and immunological effects in addition to interfering in the reproduction and development of organisms. in this study, cp degradation by uv/h2o2 process and uvc radiation was investigated, and the ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity was evaluated using bioassays of aedes aegypti larvae and lactuca sativa seeds. cp degradation was monitored by hplc-dad, and kinetic parameters were calculated for all ...201930471582
bioassay and molecular study for detection of insecticide resistance dengue causing mosquito vectors.nowadays, dengue infection creates a major problem across the country. the vector species carrying dengue infection has progressively started to developed resistance against most of the currently used insecticides. hence, a study was carried out in dengue-endemic areas of assam and arunachal pradesh to find the current situation of insecticide susceptibility status of dengue vectors. based on the previous history of dengue incidence, aedes mosquitoes were collected from dibrugarh, kamrup, sivasa ...201930429402
inhibition of sodium-hydrogen antiport by antibodies to nha1 in brush border membrane vesicles from whole aedes aegypti larvae.the present research report describes na+/h+ antiport by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from whole larvae of aedes aegypti (aebbmvw). our hypothesis is that acid quenching of acridine orange by aebbmvw is predominantly mediated by na+/h+ antiport via the nha1 component of the aebbmvw in the absence of amino acids and atp. aenha1 is a na+/h+ antiporter that has been postulated to exchange na+ and h+ across the apical plasma membrane in posterior midgut of a. aegypti larvae. its principal ...201930392010
the combinatory effect of cyt1aa flexibility and specificity against dipteran larvae improves the toxicity of bacillus thuringensis kurstaki toxins.cyt1a98 is a novel cytolytic protein, from bupm98 bacillus thuringiensis strain, characterized by its synergistic activity with b. thuringiensis kurstaki toxins against lepidopteran larvae. in this study, we evidenced that cyt1a98 improves the toxicity of b. thuringiensis kurstaki toxins against aedes aegypti larvae. in fact, the strain bns3phtcyt1a98 exhibited a larvicidal activity of about 849-fold of that of bns3phtblue against a. aegypti. the molecular and biochemical characterizations, of c ...201930391590
a statewide survey of container aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in north carolina, 2016: a multiagency surveillance response to zika using ovitraps.native and invasive container-inhabiting aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) play important roles in the transmission of endemic and traveler-introduced arboviruses in the united states. in response to the emergence of zika virus into the americas, we surveyed the distribution of container aedes spp. of public health importance within north carolina during 2016 using ovitraps. a seasonal survey was conducted in 18 counties from the mountains to the coast to identify species incriminated in the ...201930380070
walter reed at camp lazear: a paradigm for contemporary clinical research.throughout the time of the early settlement and development of north america, there were frequent epidemics of yellow fever. it is thought that ships transporting captured africans likely conveyed both major vectors, the aedes aegypti mosquito and the rna yellow fever virus from africa to north america. infected ships landing in port cities resulted in epidemics that proved impossible to control with conventional interventions. walter reed and the u.s. army commission solved the mystery of the m ...201930327122
host blood-meal source has a strong impact on gut microbiota of aedes aegypti.gut microbial communities of mosquitoes can influence vector susceptibility to pathogens, yet the factors that govern their composition remain poorly understood. we investigated the impact of host blood-meal source on gut microbiota of aedes aegypti l. adult mosquitoes were fed on human, rabbit or chicken blood and their gut microbiota compared to those of sugar-fed and newly emerged adults. microbial diversity was significantly reduced in blood-fed and sugar-fed mosquitoes but was restored to t ...201930357406
vector competence analysis of two aedes aegypti lineages from bello, colombia, reveals that they are affected similarly by dengue-2 virus infection.dengue is the second most prevalent vector-borne disease after malaria in colombia. it is caused by dengue virus, an arbovirus that exhibits high epidemic power, which is evidenced by its occurrence in more than 80% of the country, largely because of the extensive dispersion of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. the existence of two lineages of ae. aegypti has been proposed based on genetic differences at the mitochondrial level, and they have been reported to circulate in similar proportions in ...201930298277
enhanced mortality in deltamethrin-resistant aedes aegypti in thailand using a piperonyl butoxide synergist.aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue viruses in thailand. control of this mosquito continues to rely heavily on use of insecticides in various forms and applications. the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (pbo), combined with deltamethrin against eight populations of ae. aegypti collected from different regions in thailand is presented. the standard who adult contact bioassays found all populations with low to moderate levels of resistance to deltamethrin alone (using a 0.05% dis ...201930287252
hypometabolic strategy and glucose metabolism maintenance of aedes aegypti egg desiccation.the mosquito aedes aegypti is vector of several viruses including yellow fever virus, dengue virus chikungunya virus and zika virus. one of the major problems involving these diseases transmission is that a. aegypti embryos are resistant to desiccation at the end of embryogenesis, surviving and remaining viable for several months inside the egg. therefore, a fine metabolism control is essential to support these organisms throughout this period of resistance. the carbohydrate metabolism has been ...201930266630
seasonal and spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in a municipal urban park in são paulo, sp, brazil.dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika are important arboviruses present in various countries of the world, the etiological agents of which are transmitted to human-beings by the bite of infected females of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. biological aspects of these vectors, such as their distribution and abundance, are influenced by climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature. we assess the spatial and seasonal distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus, during spring 2014 a ...201930282003
the intrinsically disordered c-terminal f domain of the ecdysteroid receptor from aedes aegypti exhibits metal ion-binding ability.the dominant vector of dengue and zika diseases is a female aedes aegypti mosquito. its reproduction is controlled by the formation of an active heterodimer complex of the 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle protein (usp). although ecr exhibits a structural and functional organization typical of nuclear receptors (nrs), the ecr c-terminus has an additional f domain (aafecr) that is rarely present in the nrs superfamily. the presence of f domains is evolutionarily not well conserv ...201930243841
vaccination and immunization strategies to design aedes aegypti salivary protein based subunit vaccine tackling flavivirus infection.flavivirus causes arthropod-borne severe diseases that sometimes lead to the death. the flavivirus species including dengue virus, zika virus and yellow fever virus are transmitted by the bite of aedes mosquitoes. all these viral species target the people living in their respective endemic zone causing a high mortality rate. recent studies show that immune factors present in the ae. aegypti saliva is the hidden culprit promoting blood meal collection, suppressing host immune molecules and promot ...201930219509
[first evidence of aedes aegypti in the arequipa region, perú 2016]. 201930183928
a comparison of mosquito densities, weather and infection rates of aedes aegypti during the first epidemics of chikungunya (2014) and zika (2016) in areas with and without vector control in puerto rico.in puerto rico, the first records of the transmission of chikungunya (chikv) and zika (zikv) viruses were confirmed in may 2014 and december 2015, respectively. transmission of chikv peaked in september 2014, whereas that of zikv peaked in august 2016. the emergence of these mosquito-transmitted arboviruses in the context of a lack of human population immunity allowed observations of whether the outbreaks were associated with aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) densities and weather. mosquito den ...201930225842
vertebrate hosts of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) as potential vectors of zika virus in florida.zika virus (zikv), once considered an obscure pathogen, spread rapidly from 2014 to 2016 to become an internationally notifiable condition of major public health concern. the relative importance of various culex and aedes species mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in zikv transmission is a topic of debate. quantifying host use is important in determining the vectorial capacity of a mosquito species for transmitting zikv in nature. in the united states, few data are available on host use of aedes ae ...201930165498
characterization of tolypocladium cylindrosporum (hypocreales, ophiocordycipitaceae) isolates from brazil and their efficacy against aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae).to survey and to characterize entomopathogenic fungi as natural enemies of mosquitoes in central brazil.201930160316
susceptibility and vectorial capacity of american aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to american zika virus strains.the rapid expansion of zika virus (zikv), following the recent outbreaks of chikungunya virus, overwhelmed the public health infrastructure in many countries and alarmed many in the scientific community. aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) have previously been incriminated as the vectors of these pathogens in addition to dengue virus. in our study, we challenged low generation ae. aegypti (chiapas, mexico) and ae. albopictus (north carolina, ...201930102327
pan-american league of associations for rheumatology-central american, caribbean and andean rheumatology association consensus-conference endorsements and recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of chikungunya-related inflammatory arthropathies in latin america.although mortality rates related with chikungunya (chik) outbreaks in latin america's (la's) dengue-endemic rural and new urban regions are low, dealing with symptoms and sequelae can both produce a significant burden of disease and diminish quality of life-from many months to years-after the acute phase of the infection, with a significant impact on public and individual health.the aim of this work was to establish pan-american league of associations for rheumatology-central american, caribbean ...201930028809
lippia gracilis essential oil in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: an environmentally safe formulation to control aedes aegypti larvae.one of the most efficient ways to prevent arboviruses, such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika, is by controlling their vector, the aedes aegypti. because this vector is becoming resistant to most larvicides used, the development of new larvicides should be considered. β-cyclodextrin (β-cd) complexes have been investigated as an interesting way of enabling the use of essential oils in water as larvicides. this study comprised the development of lippia gracilis essential oil (lge ...201929998608
human blood as the only source of aedes aegypti in churches from merida, yucatan, mexico. 201929916450
encapsulation of piper aduncum and piper hispidinervum essential oils in gelatin nanoparticles: a possible sustainable control tool of aedes aegypti, tetranychus urticae and cerataphis lataniae.the encapsulated essential oils (eos) of piper aduncum l. and piper hispidinervum c. dc. in gelatin nanoparticles were evaluated against aedes aegypti linn., tetranychus urticae koch and cerataphis lataniae boisd.201929971785
efficacy of lysinibacillus sphaericus against mixed-cultures of field-collected and laboratory larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.lysinibacillus sphaericus (bacillales: planococcaceae) is a spore-forming bacillus used for the biological control of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) due to its larvicidal activity determined by various toxins and s-layer protein produced either during sporulation or by the vegetative cell. aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus are the vectors of arboviruses that cause tropical diseases representing a current public health problem. both species may coexist in the same larval development sites ...201929784071
overview of dengue and zika virus similarity, what can we learn from the saudi experience with dengue fever?there is high public health alert in the kingdom of saudi arabia concerning zika virus infection. so far, there is no reported outbreak. so are we at risk of this disease? reviewing the literature of recent outbreaks of other infectious diseases in saudi arabia may clarify the situation. it is evident that there is some similarity between zika and dengue regarding vector (aedes aegypti) which is available in the kingdom of saudi arabia. furthermore, they have similar transmission process and the ...201929623022
evaluation of aib and peg-polymer insect kinin analogs on mosquito and tick gpcrs identifies potent new pest management tools with potentially enhanced biostability and bioavailability.insect kinins modulate aspects of diuresis, digestion, development, and sugar taste perception in tarsi and labellar sensilla in mosquitoes. they are, however, subject to rapid biological degradation by endogenous invertebrate peptidases. a series of α-aminoisobutyric (aib) acid-containing insect kinin analogs incorporating sequences native to the aedes aegypti mosquito aedeskinins were evaluated on two recombinant kinin invertebrate receptors stably expressed in cell lines, discovering a number ...201930107140
analysis of cluster-randomized test-negative designs: cluster-level methods.intervention trials of vector control methods often require community level randomization with appropriate inferential methods. for many interventions, the possibility of confounding due to the effects of health-care seeking behavior on disease ascertainment remains a concern. the test-negative design, a variant of the case-control method, was introduced to mitigate this issue in the assessment of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (measured at an individual level) on influenza infection. her ...201929447357
hold your breath - differential behavioral and sensory acuity of mosquitoes to acetone and carbon dioxide.host seeking in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and the african malaria mosquito, anopheles coluzzii, relies on specific and generic host-derived odorants. previous analyses indicate that the behavioral response of these species depends differentially on the presence of carbon dioxide (co2) and other constituents in human breath for activation and attraction. in this study, we use a flight tube assay and electrophysiological analysis to assess the role of acetone, a major component of ...201931887129
odorant ligands for the co2 receptor in two anopheles vectors of malaria.exhaled co2 is an important host-seeking cue for anopheles mosquitoes, which is detected by a highly conserved heteromeric receptor consisting of three 7-transmembrane proteins gr22, gr23, and gr24. the co2 receptor neuron has been shown to also respond sensitively to a variety of odorants in aedes aegypti. the detection of co2 is important for upwind navigation and for enhancing the attraction to body heat as well as to skin odorants. the orthologs of the co2 receptor proteins are present in ma ...201930796292
age- and sex-related abc transporter expression in pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant aedes aegypti.resistance mechanisms to synthetic insecticides often include point mutations and increased expression of genes encoding detoxification enzymes. since pyrethroids are the main adulticides used against aedes aegypti, which vectors pathogens such as zika virus, understanding resistance to this insecticide class is of significant relevance. we focused on adenosine triphosphate (atp)-binding cassette (abc) transporters in the pyrethroid-resistant puerto rico (pr) strain of ae. aegypti. we investigat ...201931862982
leptolegnia chapmanii como alternativa biológica para el control de aedes aegyptileptolegnia chapmanii is a facultative pathogen of many species of mosquitoes, among which species of the genus aedes, culex and anopheles stand out for their medical and sanitary importance. the potential of l. chapmanii as an alternative to control lies in its virulence, pathogenicity and specificity against the larval stages of mosquitoes, and because of its harmlessness to non-target species such as fish and amphibians, among others. the natural presence of l. chapmanii had been reported in ...201931860189
the first characterization of a cystatin and a cathepsin l-like peptidase from aedes aegypti and their possible role in denv infection by the modulation of apoptosis.recently, a salivary gland transcriptome study demonstrated that the transcripts of a putative cystatin gene (seqid aael013287; aacystatins) from aedes aegypti were increased in denv2-infected mosquitoes and that silencing of the aacystatin gene resulted in an increase in denv titres. in this work, aacystatin was biochemically characterized; the purified recombinant inhibitor was able to inhibit typical cysteine proteases with a ki in the nm range. pulldown assays using aag2 cell extracts identi ...201931857170
insecticide resistance in culex quinquefasciatus say, 1823 in brazil: a review.culex quinquefasciatus is a successful invasive species broadly distributed in subtropical regions, including brazil. it is an extremely annoying mosquito due to its nocturnal biting behavior, in high-density populations and it is a potential bridge between sylvatic arbovirus from birds to man in urban territories. herein, we present a review concerning the methods of chemical control employed against cx. quinquefasciatus in brazil since the 1950's and insecticide resistance data registered in t ...201931852489
deducing the role of virus genome-derived piwi-associated rnas in the mosquito-arbovirus arms race.the p-element-induced wimpy testis (piwi)-associated rna (pirna) pathway is known for its role in the protection of genome integrity in the germline of drosophila melanogaster by silencing transposable elements. the pirnas that target transposons originate from pirna clusters in transposon-rich regions of the drosophila genome and are processed by three piwi family proteins. in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which are two of the most important vectors of arthropod-borne viruses ( ...201931850054
mechanisms of transport of h+, na+ and k+, across the distal gastric caecum of larval aedes aegypti.measured changes in ion fluxes, transepithelial potential (tep) and basolateral membrane potential (vb) in response to ion transporter inhibitors were used to assess the mechanisms of transport of h+, na+ and k+, across the distal gastric caecum of larval aedes aegypti, a vector of yellow fever. preparations were stimulated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht, 10-6 m) in order to maintain stable rates of h+, na+, and k+ transport across the distal caecum. transepithelial potential (tep), basolateral ...201931846613
effect of wolbachia walbb on a positive-sense rna negev-like virus: a novel virus persistently infecting aedes albopictus mosquitoes and cells.the aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of several medically important arboviruses. the endosymbiotic bacterium, wolbachia pipientis, has emerged as a means of blocking transmission of arboviruses such as dengue and zika viruses. one wolbachia strain that has shown potential in field trials is walbb, a naturally occurring wolbachia strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. when transinfected into ae. aegypti, walbb exhibits strong virus inhibition. in addition to modulating a ...201931846415
antidengue potential of leaf extracts of pavetta tomentosa and tarenna asiatica (rubiaceae) against dengue virus and its vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the aim of the present study was to screen the anti-dengue potential of crude leaf extracts of two plants from pavetta tomentosa and tarenna asiatica. for larvicidal assay, the acetone extract of both plants showed maximum effects, with the least lc50 and lc90 values (p. tomentosa (5.968 and 7.493 μg/ml) and t. asiatica (1.288 and 1.992 μg/ml)) and the same extract of both plants exhibited better pupicidal potency. the adulticidal activity of both plants (0-60 min interval periods) recorded best ...201931844692
author correction: cartography of odor chemicals in the dengue vector mosquito (aedes aegypti l., diptera/culicidae).an amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.201931844083
nano-emulsification enhances the larvicidal potential of the essential oil of siparuna guianensis (laurales: siparunaceae) against aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae).siparuna guianensis (laurales: siparunaceae) has a terpene-rich essential oil with great potential for larvicides. the poor water miscibility of their compounds makes nano-emulsions of great interest for novel bioactive systems, including for control of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). this species is adapted to urban environments with important role in the epidemiology of some arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya fever, zika, and urban yellow fever. the aim of the present study was to eva ...201931840745
could land cover influence aedes aegypti mosquito populations?aedes aegypti is mainly found in urban environments, where human activity guarantees the permanent availability of potential larval habitats. the present study aimed to test for a possible association between ae. aegypti infestation and land cover classes. from 23 february to 22 may 2015, immature mosquitoes (except eggs) were sampled in artificial containers identified in dwellings in córdoba city, argentina. the proportion of each land cover class was determined by spot-5 (satellites pour 1'ob ...201931840284
associations between household environmental factors and immature mosquito abundance in quetzaltenango, guatemala.aedes aegypti-borne diseases are becoming major public health problems in tropical and sub-tropical regions. while socioeconomic status has been associated with larval mosquito abundance, the drivers or possible factors mediating this association, such as environmental factors, are yet to be identified. we examined possible associations between proximity to houses and roads and immature mosquito abundance, and assessed whether these factors and mosquito prevention measures mediated any associati ...201931870343
compatibility between leptolegnia chapmanii and diflubenzuron and neem oil for the control of aedes aegypti.leptolegnia chapmanii is pathogenic to mosquito larvae. the compatibility between l. chapmanii and two insect growth regulators (igr), diflubenzuron and neem oil, was evaluated. l. chapmanii was grown on culture media containing different concentrations of each igr. the mycelial growth was significantly reduced with the highest concentrations of igr (f6,98=268, p<0.05). however, the production of zoospores (f6,56=0.93, p>0.05) and the larval mortality of aedes aegypti (f6,56=0.95, p>0.05) were n ...201931866096
a non-conformational qsar study for plant-derived larvicides against zika aedes aegypti l. vector.a set of 263 plant-derived compounds with larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) vector is collected from the literature, and is studied by means of a non-conformational quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) approach. the balanced subsets method (bsm) is employed to split the complete dataset into training, validation and test sets. from 26,775 freely available molecular descriptors, the most relevant structural features of compounds affecting the bioact ...201931865579
nix is a male-determining factor in the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus.the initial signal that governs sex determination is highly variable among insects. a homolog of nix, the male-determining factor in aedes aegypti, was previously found in the asian tiger mosquito ae. albopictus. here we show that the ae. albopictus nix (aalnix) is more complex in gene structure and splice isoforms than its ae. aegypti homolog (aaenix). aalnix shows a similar transcription profile compared to aaenix. crispr/cas9-mediated knockouts of aalnix in vivo and in the ae. albopictus c6/3 ...201931901476
hyalodendrins a and b, new decalin-type tetramic acid larvicides from the endophytic fungus hyalodendriella sp. ponipodef12.two new decalin/tetramic acid hybrid metabolites, hyalodendrins a (1) and b (2) were isolated from plant endophytic fungus hyalodendriella sp. ponipodef12. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of the spectroscopic data, including nmr, hrms and ecd, and by chemical conversion. compounds 1 and 2 were phomasetin analogues, and both showed potent larvicidal activity against the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti with the median lethal dose (lc50) values of 10.31 and 5.9 ...201931892246
co-occurrence of kdr mutations v1016i and f1534c and its association with phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from costa rica.aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, zika) in costa rica. the primary strategy for the control and prevention of aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. however, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. the characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in ae. ae ...201931891404
risk of dengue in central africa: vector competence studies with aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations and dengue 2 virus.dengue is the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide but was considered scarce in west-central africa. during the last decade, dengue outbreaks have increasingly been reported in urban foci in this region suggesting major epidemiological changes. however, in central africa where both vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are well established, the role of each species in dengue transmission remains poorly investigated.201931887138
diverse sensitivities of trpa1 from different mosquito species to thermal and chemical stimuli.temperature and odors profoundly affect the behavior of animals. transient receptor potential channel, subfamily a, member 1 (trpa1) functions as a polymodal nociceptor for sensing both vital environmental cues in insects. mosquitoes are recognized as disease vectors, and many efforts have been devoted to investigations of their host-seeking behaviors and repellents. however, the physiological characteristics of mosquito trpa1 have not been systematically studied. we identified multiple alternat ...201931882848
spatial risk distribution of dengue based on the ecological niche model of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the central mexican highlands.dengue is the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, predominantly aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera:culicidae). forty percent of the world's population is at risk of contracting the disease, and a large area of mexico presents suitable environmental conditions for the life cycle of ae. aegypti. in particular, the central mexican highlands have a high population density, increasing the risk of transmission and propagation of dengue. in the present study, the potential dist ...201931880769
effect of d-allethrin aerosol and coil to the mortality of mosquitoes.commercial insecticides were widely used by communities to control the mosquito population in their houses. d-allethrin is one of insecticide ingredients widely distributed in two different concentrations namely 0.15% of aerosol and 0.3% of coil formulations. we aimed to understand the mortality of indoor mosquitoes after being exposed to d-allethrin 0.15% (aerosol) and 0.3% (coil) formulations.201931879666
clustering of zika viruses originating from different geographical regions using computational sequence descriptors.in this report we consider a data set, which consists of 310 zika virus genome sequences taken from different continents, africa, asia and south america. the sequences, which were compiled from genbank, were derived from the host cells of different mammalian species (simiiformes, aedes opok, aedes africanus, aedes luteocephalus, aedes dalzieli, aedes aegypti, and homo sapiens). for chemometrical treatment the sequences have been represented by sequence descriptors derived from their graphs or ne ...201931878862
geographical distribution of aedes aegypti aegypti and aedes aegypti formosus (diptera: culicidae) in kenya and environmental factors related to their relative abundance.the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of various infectious viruses and is typified by a polymorphic color and abundance of white scales on the body. it has been conventionally separated into two subspecies, ae. aeg. formosus (walker) (aaf) and ae. aeg. aegypti (l.) (aaa), with aaf considered a 'sylvan' form and aaa a 'domestic' form. because the two subspecies show different susceptibilities to dengue viruses it is important to understand their distribution. in this study, we co ...201931815285
vgsc-interacting proteins are genetically associated with pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti.association mapping of factors that condition pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti has consistently identified genes in multiple functional groups. toward better understanding of the mechanisms involved, we examined high throughput sequencing data (hts) from two aedes aegypti aegypti collections from merida, yucatan, mexico treated with either permethrin or deltamethrin. exome capture enrichment for coding regions and the aaegl5 annotation were used to identify genes statistically associated w ...201930695054
susceptibility profile of aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) from montclair, california, to commonly used pesticides, with note on resistance to pyriproxyfen.the peridomestic anthropophilic aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is originated from the wild zoophilic subspecies aedes aegypti formosus in sub-saharan africa, and currently has a broad distribution in human-modified environments of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. in california, breeding populations were initially detected in 2013 in the cities of fresno, madera, and san mateo, and now can be found in 188 cities of 12 counties in the state. recent genetic studies suggest that this spe ...201930810751
dirofilaria and wolbachia in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in central european russia and on the black sea coast.dirofilariasis is endemic in russia, as well as in many other european countries. the aim of this study was to assess the ability of mosquitoes to transfer dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in regions with temperate and subtropical climates. the possible impact of the symbiotic bacterium wolbachia on dirofilaria transmission was also investigated. 5333 female mosquitoes were collected at 11 points in central european russia and on the black sea coast during the period 2013-2017. out of ...201930644356
lemongrass and cinnamon bark: plant essential oil blend as a spatial repellent for mosquitoes in a field setting.plant essential oils (eos) have been considered as spatial repellents to help disrupt the pathogen transmission cycle of mosquitoes. our objective was to assess spatial repellency effects of eos on the tropical yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) and on local mosquito populations in coastal british columbia (canada). in laboratory experiments using protocols of the world health organization, three of the solitary eos tested proved repellent to ae. aegypti: cinnamon bar ...201931143941
haemagogus leucocelaenus and haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in brazil, 2016-2018.the yellow fever virus (yfv) caused a severe outbreak in brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the atlantic forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. a comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and yfv natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five brazilian states. in total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. before evidence of ...201930866775
bioefficacy of two nonpyrethroid insecticides for targeted indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti.we evaluated the efficacy of bendiocarb (ficam w® 80%) and pirimiphos-methyl (actellic 300cs® 28.16%), applied to different surfaces potentially sprayable within houses during the application of a targeted indoor residual spraying (tirs) against a field pyrethroid-resistant strain of aedes aegypti. bioassays with cones were performed on cement (walls), wood (doors), and textile (cloth) surfaces within typical houses in the mexican city of merida (n = 10). optimal residual efficacy (>80% of mean ...201931922939
discriminating lethal concentrations for transfluthrin, a volatile pyrethroid compound for mosquito control in thailand.pyrethroids are commonly used to control malaria and dengue vectors in thailand. the lack of specific lethal discriminating concentrations (dcs) for specific mosquito species has possibly compromised more accurate assessments of physiological susceptibility to various chemicals over time. previous studies have established dcs of various residual pyrethroids against specific mosquitoes in thailand. however, dcs for transfluthrin (tft), a highly volatile pyrethroid compound, against mosquito vecto ...201931922934
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