Publications

serological responses in sarcocystis cruzi infected calves challenged with toxoplasma gondii.	three four-week-old calves were used in a study on serological responses in combined sarcocystis cruzi and toxoplasma gondii infections. one calf (c1) was inoculated orally with 100,000 s cruzi sporocysts, another (c2) with 40,000 sporocysts, while the third (c3) acted as uninfected control. one hundred and five days later, all three calves were inoculated orally with 100,000 t gondii oocysts. the antibody responses to sarcocystis and toxoplasma during 210 days were recorded, using different ser ...	1987	3114848
the prevalence and identity of sarcocystis in beef cattle in new zealand.	muscle tissue from the oesophagus and diaphragm of 500 beef cattle slaughtered in new zealand was examined for sarcocystis infection by microscopic examination of cysts isolated from muscle samples. all cattle were infected with sarcocystis; based on light microscopy of cysts, 98% had thin-walled sarcocystis cruzi cysts and 79.8% had thick-walled (sarcocystis hirsuta/sarcocystis hominis) cysts. cysts were also collected for electron microscopy and transmission experiments. thick-walled cysts cou ...	1987	3113040
association of eosinophilic myositis with an unusual species of sarcocystis in a beef cow.	the carcass of a mature cow had numerous, disseminated lesions typical of eosinophilic myositis. to elucidate the nature and possible cause of the lesions, histological sections were examined by light microscopy and selected areas were removed and processed for electron microscopy. the lesions were granulomatous in nature. each granuloma contained at its centre an intact or ruptured sarcocyst associated with degenerate muscle fibers. surrounding this was a layer of epithelioid cells and an inten ...	1987	3115553
hematologic values in calves infected with sarcocystis cruzi.	calves were inoculated with 2 x 10(5) sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts. red cell mass decreased dramatically between days 21 and 35 post-infection and plasma volume increased concurrently, so that blood volume did not change significantly. mild reticulocytosis and increased pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase activity in erythrocytes occurred between days 35 and 42. antiglobulin tests with anti-bovine igg, igm and c3 were negative, with the exception of a positive test for c3 in 1 of 6 infected calves.	1986	3010540
an outbreak of sarcocystosis in dairy cattle.	sixteen of 32 friesian calves, 8 to 10 weeks old, died over 4 weeks. the calves were housed in pens previously used by dogs. clinical signs included anorexia, pale mucous membranes, rapid weight loss, coughing and palpably enlarged superficial lymph nodes. at necropsy, calves were emaciated and had generalised enlargement of lymph nodes, pale mottling of skeletal muscles, excess peritoneal, thoracic and pericardial fluid and subpleural and subepicardial haemorrhages. histologically there was a l ...	1986	3082319
in vitro cultivation of meronts of sarcocystis cruzi.	several established cell lines were tested for their ability to support in vitro development of meronts of sarcocystis cruzi. sporozoites penetrated bovine monocytes (bm), bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (cpa), madin-darby bovine kidney cells and mouse macrophages, but developed to meronts in bm and cpa only. sporozoites developed to large meronts that contained approximately 180-350 merozoites, whereas merozoites formed small meronts with 50-100 merozoites. mature large meronts were p ...	1986	3100756
in vitro excystation of sarcocystis capracanis, sarcocystis cruzi and sarcocystis tenella (apicomplexa).	improved rates of in vitro excystation of sporozoites from sporocysts of sarcocystis capracanis, sarcocystis cruzi, and sarcocystis tenella were obtained by pretreating sporocysts with an aqueous sodium hypochlorite (naocl) solution followed by incubation in excysting fluid (ef). after pretreatment with naocl, sporocysts were washed 4 times in hanks' balanced salt solution and then incubated in various ef (ph 7.4) at 38.5 c in 5% co2-95% air. maximum rates of excystation (free sporozoites/(sporo ...	1986	3102713
types of myofibers parasitized in experimentally induced infections with sarcocystis cruzi and sarcocystis capracanis.	eighteen calves were orally inoculated with either 200,000 or 225,000 sporocysts of sarcocystis cruzi. eight goats were orally inoculated with 20,000 sporocysts of s capracanis. calves and goats were euthanatized at various times after inoculation, and portions of their right and left biceps femoris, right and left longissimus dorsi, myocardium, and tongue were frozen at -150 c in precooled isopentane and stored at -70 c. frozen sections of these muscles were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, ...	1986	2421618
[development of sarcocystosis in experimentally infected calves].	in seven calves we studied experimental invasions by sporocysts of the sarcocystis cruzi (s. bovicanis) species, isolated from faeces of dingo dogs. out of clinical changes, an increase in body temperature to 39.6 to 40.5 degrees c is characteristic in the fourth to the eighth week of disease, relaxed attitude of animals, progressive thinning down, anaemia of mucous membranes, diarrhoea and total dehydration. the post-mortem examination completes this observation with generalized hyperplasia of ...	1985	3918381
cytochemical studies on nuclear dna of four eucoccidian parasites, isospora (toxoplasma) gondii, eimeria tenella, sarcocystis cruzi and plasmodium berghei.	feulgen-pararosaniline (so2) staining was performed on stages in the life-cycle of isospora (toxoplasma) gondii, eimeria tenella, sarcocystis cruzi and plasmodium berghei. the fluorescence emission of the stained dna in nuclei of these stages was examined and compared with absorption microscopy measurements at 560 nm (green light) of the same specimens. accurate identification of single cells, and especially discrimination between young schizonts and young gamonts was difficult after feulgen sta ...	1984	6200820
determination of nuclear dna of five eucoccidian parasites, isospora (toxoplasma) gondii, sarcocystis cruzi, eimeria tenella, e. acervulina and plasmodium berghei, with special reference to gamontogenesis and meiosis in i. (t.) gondii.	dna contents of individual stages of isospora (toxoplasma) gondii and other eucoccida were measured after feulgen-pararosaniline (so2) staining either by direct microfluorometry or by scanning of microphotographic negatives. frequency distributions were analysed using a computer program based on a mathematical model describing cell division. all stages of i. (t.) gondii, except fertilized macrogametes (2c), contained a haploid amount of dna (1c), indicating that meiosis in i. (t.) gondii occurs ...	1984	6204268
protective immunity against clinical sarcocystosis in cattle.	five experiments involving 50 calves (bos taurus) were conducted to determine if oral infection with sporocysts of the pathogen sarcocystis cruzi or the non-pathogen sarcocystis hirsuta would stimulate development of a protective immunity against illness or death from challenge infection with large numbers of s. cruzi sporocysts. four experiments involved holstein calves housed in individual pens in isolation buildings; one experiment involved hereford calves on an open range. calves infected wi ...	1984	6437053
[acute sporidiosis in cattle. a case of clinically natural meningoencephalitis caused by sarcocystis cruzi in a bull].		1984	6435283
humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle and sheep inoculated with sarcocystis.	cattle inoculated with sarcocystis bovicanis (= sarcocystis cruzi) and sheep inoculated with sarcocystis ovicanis were monitored for the appearance of sarcocystis-specific antibodies and lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation. anti-sarcocystis antibody was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas antigen-reactive lymphocytes were discerned by an in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic assay. the antigens used were the soluble fraction recovered from disrupted bradyzoites of mature sar ...	1984	6433756
hematologic and coagulation abnormalities in acute bovine sarcocystosis.	calves inoculated with sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts developed severe anemia 4 weeks later. the anemic crisis was paralleled by a hyperbilirubinemia, with up to 88% of the increased total bilirubin attributed to indirect reacting bilirubin. the anemia was characterized as normocytic and normochromic. in a few instances, according to coombs's tests (antiglobulin test) and erythrocyte eluates from infected calves, immunoglobulin g was associated with the rbc membrane. in the histopathologic examina ...	1984	6422807
experimental infections of sarcocystis cruzi, sarcocystis tenella, sarcocystis capracanis and toxoplasma gondii in red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	four littermate 6-wk-old red foxes (nos. 1-4) were fed toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis cruzi, s. tenella and s. capracanis. one littermate fox (no. 5) served as the control. two foxes (nos. 1, 2) were fed tissue cysts of t. gondii and two foxes (nos. 3, 4) were fed oocysts of t. gondii. twenty-one to 42 days later, the same five foxes were used to test the infectivity of meat of goat, sheep, and ox experimentally inoculated with sarcocystis. fox 2 was fed goat meat and shed s. capracanis-like spo ...	1983	6417347
development of ox-coyote cycle of sarcocystis cruzi.		1982	6816926
quantitative parasitemia in calves fed sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts from coyotes.	for the quantitation of parasitemia, seven 7- to 10-day-old calves were orally inoculated with 2 virulent isolates of sarcocystis cruzi from coyotes. three calves were each given 2.5 million sporocysts of the 1st isolate; these calves died 31, 35, and 33 days later. the other 4 calves were given 2, 1, 0.76, and 0.38 million sporocysts of the 2nd isolate; these calves died or were euthanatized at 34, 44, 43, and 55 days after inoculation. buffy coat smears from 7 ml of jugular blood of each calf ...	1982	6808868
sarcocystosis in neonatal bison fed sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts derived from cattle.	a 6-day-old female (bison bison) was inoculated with 10 million sporocysts of the b1 isolate of sarcocystis cruzi originally obtained by feeding heart of a naturally infected cow (bos taurus) to a laboratory-raised coyote. the bison became febrile, lethargic, and anorectic at about 25 days after inoculation of the sporocysts, and was euthanatized 3 days later. there were widespread hemorrhages, hepatitis, myocarditis, nephritis, and enteritis; intravascular meronts were found in the adrenal cort ...	1982	6816777
effectiveness of methods used for the detection of sarcosporidiosis in farm animals.	trypsinization and stereoscopy were found to be the most suitable methods for the detection of sarcosporidiosis in farm animals. sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta and s. hominis were detected in 87% of 200 cattle and s. ovicanis and s. tenella in 92% of 100 sheep examined. the examinations of 200 pigs were negative.	1982	6819215
sarcocystosis in newborn calves fed sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts from coyotes.	the development of sarcocystis cruzi was compared in 3- to 14-day-old calves (n = 38) inoculated with 55,000 to 500,000,000 sporocysts from intestinal scrapings of coyotes, and euthanatized and necropsied on postinoculation days (pid) 4 to 153. from pid 15 to 19, the calves remained clinically normal, except for fever (greater than or equal to 40 c), during the development of 1st-generation meronts, and lesions in calves euthanatized at this time were confined mainly to mesenteric lymph nodes an ...	1982	6819793
sporocysts of sarcocystis cruzi in mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs.		1981	6804877
plasma alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in pregnant cows exposed to sarcocystis cruzi, campylobacter fetus, or aspergillus fumigatus.	bovine alpha-fetoprotein (afp) was determined in maternal plasma, using radioimmunoassay in an attempt to detect and monitor fetal distress in pregnant cows. plasma from pregnant cows in the 4th to 5th month of the gestation which had been exposed to sarcocystis cruzi, campylobacter fetus, or aspergillus fumigatus was used. plasma afp concentrations were determined at intervals from before the cows were exposed until they had aborted or calved. the plasma afp concentration of the exposed pregnan ...	1981	6176152
ultrastructure of in vivo lysis of sarcocystis cruzi merozoites.		1981	6799635
early developmental stages of sarcocystis cruzi in calf fed sporocysts from coyote feces.	the development of sarcocystis cruzi was studied in an 11-day-old calf killed seven days postinoculation with 5 x 10(8) sporocysts from feces of coyotes. uninucleate zoites were found in arteries of mesenteric lymph nodes but not in other organs. zoites measured 4.9 x 3.0 (3.5-7.0 x 2.1-3.5) micrometers. of the 36 zoites studied, 31 were in endothelial cells, four were in macrophages in the lumen of arteries, and one was free in the lumen of an artery. infected endothelial cells were two to thre ...	1981	6798207
sarcocystosis in cattle and sheep at prague abattoir.	a total of 288 animal oesophagi, including 154 from cattle and 134 from sheep of various age, were examined for the presence of sarcosporidians at prague abattoir. the material from cattle was positive in 129 cases (84%) and all the three species of sarcosporidians hitherto described from cattle were identified: sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta and s. hominis. among the sheep, 110 animals (82%) were infected. the macroscopic species s. tenella was found in 23 cases. the remaining positive findings ...	1981	6786962
prepartum changes of plasma concentrations of prostaglandin f and 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin metabolites in pregnant animals exposed to sarcocystis cruzi or campylobacter fetus.	pregnant cows at 4- to 5-months' of gestation were exposed to sarcocystis cruzi or campylobacter fetus. plasma prostaglandin f (pgf) and 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin metabolite (pgm) concentrations were determined at intervals from before exposure until abortion or parturition. the plasma pgf concentration of pregnant infected cattle remained at 0.02 +/- 0.04 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition when it increased 5-fold to 0.11 +/- 0.12 ng/ml. the plasma pgm concentrat ...	1981	6784618
development and ultrastructure of first-generation meronts of sarcocystis cruzi in calves fed sporocysts from coyote feces.	the development of sarcocystis cruzi hasselmann (syn. s. fusiformis railliet) meronts was studied in seven 7- to 10-day-old calves filled 4, 7, 11, 15, 22, 25 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi) with 5 x 10(7) sporocysts from feces of coyotes. no meronts were found 4 and 7 dpi. young and intermediate meronts with 1-16 nuclei were found in endothelial cells of arteries in mesenteric lymph nodes, but not in kidneys 11 dpi. mature meronts were noted in endothelial cells of arteries, arterioles, or ca ...	1980	6783745
plasma progesterone concentration in the bovine before abortion or parturition in pregnant animals exposed to sarcocystis cruzi, campylobacter fetus, or aspergillus fumigatus.	pregnant cows in the 4th and 5th month of the gestation were exposed to sarcocystis cruzi, campylobacter fetus, or aspergillus fumigatus. plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at intervals from before the cows were exposed until they had aborted or calved. the plasma progesterone concentration of the exposed pregnant cattle remained at 3.95 +/- 2.0 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition, when it decreased to below 1.00 ng/ml. this pattern was similar for cattle ex ...	1980	6782916
[finding of sarcocystis cruzi in a dog of the city of bologna].		1980	6796929
bovine saccocystosis: patholgic features of naturally occurring infection with sarcocystis cruzi.	naturally occurring bovine sarcocystosis caused death and illness in eight dairy heifers. clinical disease was characterized by cachexia, peripheral lymph node enlargement, and anemia. increased amounts of serum enzymes and anti-sarcocystis antibody titers were present in affected animal. macroscopic findings in two heifers at necropsy included emaciation and serous atrophy. necropsied heifers (no. 1 and 2) contained different developmental stages of sarcocystis cruzi; each stage was characteriz ...	1979	112889
pathophysiological changes in urine and blood from calves experimentally infected with sarcocystit cruzi.	two 8-week experiments were conducted to determine the relationships between nutritional stress and pathophysiological changes in male holstein calves infected with sarcocystis cruzi. calves were infected by oral inoculation with 200 000 s. cruzi sporocysts. in the first experiment weight gain reduction was greatest in inoculated calves during weeks 4 and 5 after inoculation. feed intake was reduced during the 5th week. erythrocyte count was reduced during week 5 and haemoglobin was reduced duri ...	1979	120522
the prevalence of sarcocystis spp in dogs and red foxes.	protozoan parasites of the genus sarcocystis have been recognised for many years as intramuscular cysts of numerous vertebrates. it is only comparatively recently that the two-host nature of the life cycle has been recognised and that the intramuscular cysts are a stage in the developmental cycle of coccidian parasites of flesh eating mammals (fayer 1974, fayer and johnson 1973, 1974, rommel and others 1972, dubey 1976). carnivores ingest the intramuscular cysts from herbivores and presumably fr ...	1978	416553
fine structure of immature cysts of sarcocystis cruzi.	sarcocystis cruzi forms cysts in striated muscle of the bovine host following schizogony. the fine structure of the immature cyst within muscle fibers of the ventricular myocardium was studied in relation to its development and to the multiplication of parasites within it. the young cyst is enclosed by a cyst wall containing numerous small protuberances. metrocytes within the cyst are irregular in shape and are separated from each other and the cyst wall by a thin layer of ground substance. the ...	1978	417164
fine structure of sarcocystis cruzi schizonts.		1977	410921
production of sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts by dogs fed experimentally infected and naturally infected beef.	twenty-one coccidia-free dogs were fed either experimentally infected or naturally infected beef in 4 experiments. the pretreatment period ranged from days 9 to 33; 7 dogs shed their first sporocysts on day 12. the full length of the patent period was not determined because most dogs were still shedding sporocysts when experiments ended on days 40 and 60. although the patent period was long, sporocysts were not shed continuously; the total number of days sporocysts were actually shed ranged from ...	1977	412939
a review of sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.	the nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. the following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: s cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), s hirsuta (cat), s hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: s ovicanis (dog), s tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: s ...	1976	824260