Publications

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high prevalence of enteroparasites in children from ribeirão preto, são paulo, brazil.to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and possible associated factors.201728562805
intestinal parasitic infections: current prevalence and risk factors among schoolchildren in capital area of the republic of marshall islands.intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) among schoolchildren in republic of marshall islands (rmi) largely remains unknown, thus investigation on ipis status to establish the baseline data is urgently needed. this cross-sectional study intended to investigate the current ipis status and associated risk factors among schoolchildren at capital of rmi. single stool sample from 400 schoolchildren (207 boys and 193 girls) aged 9.73±2.50 yrs old was examined by employing merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde ...201728847672
molecular analysis of the enteric protozoa associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children.pediatric diarrhea is a common cause of death among children under 5 years of age. in the current study, we investigated the frequency of intestinal parasites among 580 pediatric patients with chronic diarrhea. parasitic protozoa (all species combined) were detected by molecular tools in 22.9% of the children and the most common parasite was cryptosporidium spp. (15.1%). blastocystis hominis was detected in 4.7%, dientamoeba fragilis in 4%, giardia duodenalis in 1.7%, and entamoeba histolytica i ...201728824878
evaluation of primitive ground water supplies as a risk factor for the development of major waterborne zoonosis in egyptian children living in rural areas.endemic waterborne zoonosis frequently occurs in both developed and less developed countries. thus, bio-surveillance of waterborne zoonosis is a "necessity" for the implementation of effective preventive public health measures in egyptian rural areas. the primitive individual water supplies created by the rural agriculture population, primarily from ground water, usually maximize the customers' exposure to impurity pathogens via diffused humans and animal excreta or wastages. the current study a ...201728843417
detection of cryptosporidium in stool samples of immunocompromised patients.cryptosporidium species is the most common opportunistic enteric parasite encountered in the immunocompromised patients. considering the need to diagnose them early relies mostly on rapid tests such as antigen detection by immunochromatographic test (ict), elisa, and microscopy. however, the sensitivity and specificity varies with different methods and different kits used. this study was conducted to determine the intestinal parasitic profile in immunocompromised patients and to assess the diagn ...201728459014
evaluation of the bd max enteric parasite panel for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica.conventional laboratory detection methods for gastrointestinal parasites are time consuming, require considerable technical expertise and may suffer from poor analytical sensitivity. this study sought to evaluate the automated bd max enteric parasite panel (epp) for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, entamoeba histolytica and giardia duodenalis.methodolgy. a total of 104 known positive samples (43 cryptosporidium parvum/hominis and 61 g. duodenalis), 15 simulated samples (e. histol ...201728792380
use of serologic responses against enteropathogens to assess the impact of a point-of-use water filter: a randomized controlled trial in western province, rwanda.diarrhea is a leading contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. given the challenge of blinding most water, sanitation, and hygiene (wash) interventions, diarrheal disease outcome measures in wash intervention trials are subject to potential bias and misclassification. using the platform of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a household-based drinking water filter in western province, rwanda, we assessed the impact of the drinking water filter on enteric seroc ...201728749764
measuring changes in transmission of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and enteric pathogens from quantitative antibody levels.serological antibody levels are a sensitive marker of pathogen exposure, and advances in multiplex assays have created enormous potential for large-scale, integrated infectious disease surveillance. most methods to analyze antibody measurements reduce quantitative antibody levels to seropositive and seronegative groups, but this can be difficult for many pathogens and may provide lower resolution information than quantitative levels. analysis methods have predominantly maintained a single diseas ...201728542223
self-reported infections during international travel and notifiable infections among returning international travellers, sweden, 2009-2013.we studied food and water-borne diseases (fwds), sexually transmitted diseases (stds), vector-borne diseases (vbds) and diseases vaccinated against in the swedish childhood vaccination programme among swedish international travellers, in order to identify countries associated with a high number of infections. we used the national database for notifiable infections to estimate the number of fwds (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, shigellosis, ehec, entamoeba histolytica, yersinosis, ...201728753671
occurrence and removal efficiency of parasitic protozoa in swedish wastewater treatment plants.giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium spp., entamoeba histolytica and dientamoeba fragilis are parasitic protozoa and causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans. g. intestinalis and cryptosporidium spp. in particular are the most common protozoa associated with waterborne outbreaks in high-income countries. surveillance of protozoan prevalence in wastewater and evaluation of wastewater treatment removal efficiencies of protozoan pathogens is therefore imperative for assessment of human health ...201728458199
comparison of hemolytic activity of the intermediate subunit of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar lectins.galactose and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin of entamoeba histolytica has roles in pathogenicity and induction of protective immunity in rodent models of amoebiasis. recently, the intermediate subunit of the lectin, igl1, of e. histolytica has been shown to have hemolytic activity. however, the corresponding lectin is also expressed in a non-virulent species, entamoeba dispar, and another subunit, igl2, is expressed in the protozoa. therefore, in this study, we compared the activiti ...201728750000
no detection of entamoeba histolytica by multiplex pcr in children with acute non-bloody diarrhea in guatemala.entamoeba histolytica is believed to be a ubiquitous cause of pediatric non-bloody diarrhea. using a multiplex pcr assay, we identified stool pathogens in 298 guatemalan children presenting with acute, non-bloody diarrhea. despite a high overall pathogen burden, we identified no cases of e. histolytica. knowledge of local epidemiology is important to inform e. histolytica therapeutic strategies in low-income settings.201728858041
ehrho1 regulates plasma membrane blebbing through pi3 kinase in entamoeba histolytica.the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, a major public health problem in developing countries. motility of e. histolytica is important for its pathogenesis. blebbing is an essential process contributing to cellular motility in many systems. in mammalian cells, formation of plasma membrane blebs is regulated by rho-gtpases through its effectors, such as rho kinase, mdia1, and acto-myosin proteins. in this study, we have illuminated the role of ehrho1 in bleb formation and ...201728477431
an anti-amoebic vaccine: generation of the recombinant antigen lc3 from entamoeba histolytica linked to mutated exotoxin a (peδiii) via the pichia pastoris system.to generate an immunogenic chimeric protein containing the entamoeba histolytica lc3 fragment fused to the retrograde delivery domains of exotoxin a of pseudomonas aeruginosa and kdel3 for use as an effective vaccine.201728470625
proliferating cell nuclear antigen restores the enzymatic activity of a dna ligase i deficient in dna binding.proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) coordinates multienzymatic reactions by interacting with a variety of protein partners. family i dna ligases are multidomain proteins involved in sealing of dna nicks during okazaki fragment maturation and dna repair. the interaction of dna ligases with the interdomain connector loop (idcl) of pcna through its pcna-interacting peptide (pip box) is well studied but the role of the interacting surface between both proteins is not well characterized. in thi ...201728469979
entamoeba histolytica: host parasite interactions at the colonic epithelium.entamoeba histolytica (eh) is the protozoan parasite responsible for intestinal amebiasis and interacts dynamically with the host intestinal epithelium during disease pathogenesis. a multifaceted pathogenesis profile accounts for why 90% of individuals infected with eh are largely asymptomatic. for 100 millions individuals that are infected each year, key interactions within the intestinal mucosa dictate disease susceptibility. the ability for eh to induce amebic colitis and disseminate into ext ...201728452682
prevalence of parasitic contamination in salad vegetables collected from supermarkets and street vendors in amman and baqa’a - jordan.one of the main ways in transmitting parasites to humans is through consuming contaminated raw vegetables. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasitological contamination (helminthes eggs, giardia and entamoeba histolytica cysts) of salad vegetables sold at supermarkets and street vendors in amman and baqa’a – jordan. a total of 133 samples of salad vegetables were collected and examined for the prevalence of parasites. it was found that 29% of the samples were contaminated ...201628517923
antiprotozoal activity of extracts of elaeodendron trichotomum (celastraceae).chagas disease, amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis represent a serious health problem in latin america. the drugs employed to treat these illnesses produce important side effects and resistant strains have appeared. the present study was aimed to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of leaves, stem bark and root bark of elaeodendron trichotomum, a celastraceus, that is used in mexico as an anti-infective in febrile-type diseases.201628852732
the e. histolytica genome structure and virulence.the outcome of an entamoeba histolytica infection is variable and the contribution of genetic diversity within e. histolytica to human disease is not fully understood. the information provided by the whole genome sequence of the e. histolytica reference laboratory strain (hm-1:imss) and thirteen additional laboratory strains have been made publically available. in this review theories on the source of the unexpected level of structural diversity found in e. histolytica will be discussed.201628497014
treatment of diarrhoea using traditional medicines: contemporary research in south africa and zimbabwe.gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea in particular remain a major concern in south africa and zimbabwe resulting in high mortality rates when left untreated. this investigation was aimed at documenting herbal medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in south africa and zimbabwe.201628480353
entamoeba histolytica pleuropulmonary infection. case report and review of the literature.pleuropulmonary amebiasis is the 2nd most common extraintestinal site of amebiasis after liver abscess. we describe a man with pleuropulmonary amebiasis presenting with pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion. in patients with pneumonia coming from endemic countries such as lebanon, pleuropulmonary amebiasis should be considered in the setting of chocolate-colored sputum, negative respiratory cultures, and failure of antibacterial therapy.201622919872
[prevalence of intestinal parasites at saint-camille medical center in ouagadougou (burkina faso), 1991 to 2010].intestinal parasitoses continue to be a major public health problem in developing countries.201622868724
detection of giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in clinical stool samples by using multiplex real-time pcr after automated dna isolation.diagnosis of intestinal parasites in stool samples is generally still carried out by microscopy; however, this technique is known to suffer from a low sensitivity and is unable to discriminate between certain protozoa. in order to overcome these limitations, a real-time multiplex pcr was evaluated as an alternative approach for diagnosing giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in stool samples.therefore, a total of 631 faecal samples were analysed both by microscopy as w ...201624156218
[amebic liver abscess and late recurrence with no travel in an endemic area].amebic liver abscess is the main complication of amebic dysentery. recurrences after treatment and apparent healing are very uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe the case of a patient with a very late relapse of an amebic liver abscess, 10 years after the first episode. this recurrence seems due to an incomplete initial treatment. this case illustrates the reason for and importance of complying with the current therapeutic strategy: nitroimidazole followed by a luminal agent to er ...201624026002
[colonic amoebiasis simulating a cecal tumor: case report].colonic ameboma is a rare inflammatory pseudo-tumor of the colon that can mimic cancer development. this case was located in the cecum and appeared malignant from a macroscopic view. accordingly a right hemicolectomy was performed, followed by an end-to-side ileocolic anastomosis. the pathology study enabled us to correct the diagnosis and affirm its amebic origin.201623797923
activity, stability and folding analysis of the chitinase from entamoeba histolytica.human amebiasis, caused by the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica, remains as a significant public health issue in developing countries. the life cycle of the parasite compromises two main stages, trophozoite and cyst, linked by two major events: encystation and excystation. interestingly, the cyst stage has a chitin wall that helps the parasite to withstand harsh environmental conditions. since the amebic chitinase, ehcht1, has been recognized as a key player in both encystation and excy ...201626526675
structure-based design of inhibitors of the crucial cysteine biosynthetic pathway enzyme o-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase.the cysteine biosynthetic pathway is of fundamental importance for the growth, survival, and pathogenicity of the many pathogens. this pathway is present in many species but is absent in mammals. the ability of pathogens to counteract the oxidative defences of a host is critical for the survival of these pathogens during their long latent phases, especially in anaerobic pathogens such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, trichomonas vaginalis, and salmonella typhimurium. all of these o ...201626303427
[colonic perforation due to invasive amebic colitis during anti-tnf therapy for spondyloarthritis].tnf blockade has been successful in the treatment of some rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis. many infectious complications have been reported with anti-tnf therapy, mainly bacterial, mycobacterial, viral and fungal infections. entamoeba histolytica is an extracellular protozoan parasite that mainly causes colitis and hepatic abscess; bowel perforation is an uncommon complication with high mortality. tnf is considered the principal mediator of cell immunity against amebiasis. initially ...201625458030
[entamoeba histolytica: erythrocyt e phagocytosis and capture distance]. 201625418666
caecal amebic colitis mimicking obstructing right sided colonic carcinoma with liver metastases: a rare case.intestinal entamoeba histolytica infection can lead to colitis, abscess formation, colonic perforation and rarely amoeboma. we report a case of colonic amoebiasis, in which the presenting symptoms and radiological findings closely resembled an obstructing right-sided colonic carcinoma, with liver metastases.201625022419
invasive amoebiasis: a review of entamoeba infections highlighted with case reports.entamoeba histolytica infections of the gastrointestinal tract are common in the developing world but rare in north america. the authors present two cases: one involving an individual who had not travelled to an endemic area and another involving an individual who was born in bulgaria. both presented with severe abdominal pain and diarrhea. endoscopic assessment revealed scattered colonic ulcerations and one patient was found to have a liver abscess on imaging. stool ova and parasite studies wer ...201625157525
characterization of a human isolate of tritrichomonas foetus (cattle/swine genotype) infected by a zoonotic opportunistic infection.tritrichomonas species flagellates (imc strain) were isolated from the biliary tract of an individual who had developed cholecystitis as a complication of acquired agammaglobulinemia. sequence analysis of tritrichomonas sp. (imc clone 2 (cl2)) was performed for several genetic regions including the its1-5.8s rdna-its2 region, the cysteine protease (cp)-1, cp-2 and cp-4 to cp-9 genes, and the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 1 gene. in addition to comparison of the variable-length dna repeats in th ...201626685985
diagnostic parameters of serological elisa for invasive amoebiasis, using antigens preserved without enzymatic inhibitors.amoebiasis is the third cause of death due to parasites in the world. although, numerous serodiagnostic and salivary tests have been developed, the majority of these assays lack sensitivity in endemic zones to detect acute amoebic liver abscess. the two main limiting factors to develop reliable assays are the high levels of anti-amoeba antibodies in populations living in endemic zones, and the proteolysis of amoebic extracts even treated with inhibitors. our group reported a method to preserve a ...201626684288
dispensability of the [4fe-4s] cluster in novel homologues of adenine glycosylase muty.7,8-dihydro-8-deoxyguanine (8og) is one of the most common oxidative lesions in dna. dna polymerases misincorporate an adenine across from this lesion. thus, 8og is a highly mutagenic lesion responsible for g:c→t:a transversions. muty is an adenine glycosylase, part of the base excision repair pathway that removes adenines, when mispaired with 8og or guanine. its catalytic domain includes a [4fe-4s] cluster motif coordinated by cysteinyl ligands. when this cluster is absent, muty activity is dep ...201626613369
novel aryl carbamate derivatives of metronidazole as potential antiamoebic agents.a series of novel aryl carbamate derivatives of metronidazole (mnz) were designed, synthesized, and screened for antiamoebic activity. as compared to mnz, most of the derivatives exhibited moderate to excellent activity against the hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. compounds 7, 14, 16, 19, and 21 exhibited the most promising antiamoebic activity with ic50 values of 0.24, 0.08, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.15 μm, respectively, compared to that of mnz (1.78 μm). moreover, from the toxicological studi ...201626597858
the oxygen reduction pathway and heat shock stress response are both required for entamoeba histolytica pathogenicity.several species belonging to the genus entamoeba can colonize the mouth or the human gut; however, only entamoeba histolytica is pathogenic to the host, causing the disease amoebiasis. this illness is responsible for one hundred thousand human deaths per year worldwide, affecting mainly underdeveloped countries. throughout its entire life cycle and invasion of human tissues, the parasite is constantly subjected to stress conditions. under in vitro culture, this microaerophilic parasite can toler ...201626589893
evaluation of the bd max enteric parasite panel for clinical diagnostics.we compared the performance of the bd max enteric parasite panel to routine microscopy and an in-house pcr for the detection of giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica, and cryptosporidium spp. the enteric parasite panel showed good specificity for all targets and good sensitivity for e. histolytica and cryptosporidium spp. sensitivity for g. intestinalis with the bd max enteric parasite panel was equivalent to that with microscopy.201626582832
human parasitic protozoan infection to infertility: a systematic review.protozoan parasitic diseases are endemic in many countries worldwide, especially in developing countries, where infertility is a major burden. it has been reported that such infections may cause infertility through impairment in male and female reproductive systems. we searched medline, pubmed, and scopus databases and google scholar to identify the potentially relevant studies on protozoan parasitic infections and their implications in human and animal model infertility. literature described th ...201626573517
gut microbiome diversity in acute infective and chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases in north india.the disease profile in the indian population provides a unique opportunity for studying the host microbiome interaction in both infectious (amebiasis) and autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) from a similar environment and genetic background. analysis of fecal samples from untreated amebic liver abscess (ala) patients, entamoeba histolytica (eh)-negative and -positive asymptomatic individuals, and pus samples from naive ala patients revealed a significant reduction in lactob ...201626994772
epidemiology of domestically acquired amebiasis in japan, 2000-2013.notifications of amebiasis have been increasing in japan. using national surveillance data during 2000-2013, reported cases of amebiasis were analyzed. a case of amebiasis was defined as laboratory-confirmed entamoeba histolytica infection, regardless of presence of symptoms. we described temporal trends and analyzed correlates of asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases based on odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) using logistic regression. of 9,946 cases reported during 2000-2013 ...201626976888
infection strategies of intestinal parasite pathogens and host cell responses.giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium sp., and entamoeba histolytica are important pathogenic intestinal parasites and are amongst the leading causes worldwide of diarrheal illness in humans. diseases caused by these organisms, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and amoebiasis, respectively, are characterized by self-limited diarrhea but can evolve to long-term complications. the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diarrhea associated with these three pathogens are being unra ...201626973630
identification of ehtif-ia: the putative e. histolytica orthologue of the human ribosomal rna transcription initiation factor-ia.initiation of rdna transcription requires the assembly of a specific multi-protein complex at the rdna promoter containing the rna pol i with auxiliary factors. one of these factors is known as rrn3p in yeast and transcription initiation factor ia (tif-ia) in mammals. rrn3p/tif-ia serves as a bridge between rna pol i and the pre-initiation complex at the promoter. it is phosphorylated at multiple sites and is involved in regulation of rdna transcription in a growth-dependent manner. in the early ...201626949087
roles of acetyl-coa synthetase (adp-forming) and acetate kinase (ppi-forming) in atp and ppi supply in entamoeba histolytica.acetate is an end-product of the ppi-dependent fermentative glycolysis in entamoeba histolytica; it is synthesized from acetyl-coa by adp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) with net atp synthesis or from acetyl-phosphate by a unique ppi-forming acetate kinase (ack). the relevance of these enzymes to the parasite atp and ppi supply, respectively, are analyzed here.201626922831
the cytokine profile of human nkt cells and pbmcs is dependent on donor sex and stimulus.sex-related variations in natural killer t (nkt) cells may influence immunoregulation and outcome of infectious and autoimmune diseases. we analyzed sex-specific differences in peripheral blood nkts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from men and women and determined the frequencies of nkt cells and their subpopulations [cd4(+); cd8(+); double negative (dn)] and the levels of cytokine production following stimulation with the nkt cell ligands α-galactosylceramide (αgalcer) and entamo ...201626895635
a review of the proposed role of neutrophils in rodent amebic liver abscess models.host invasion by entamoeba histolytica, the pathogenic agent of amebiasis, can lead to the development of amebic liver abscess (ala). due to the difficulty of exploring host and amebic factors involved in the pathogenesis of ala in humans, most studies have been conducted with animal models (e.g., mice, gerbils, and hamsters). histopathological findings reveal that the chronic phase of ala in humans corresponds to lytic or liquefactive necrosis, whereas in rodent models there is granulomatous in ...201626880421
x-ray structures of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from entamoeba histolytica and prevailing hypothesis of the mechanism of auranofin action.the anti-arthritic gold-containing drug auranofin is lethal to the protozoan intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis, in both culture and animal models of the disease. a putative mechanism of auranofin action proposes that monovalent gold, au(i), released from the drug, can bind to the redox-active dithiol group of thioredoxin reductase (trxr). au(i) binding in the active site is expected to prevent electron transfer to the downstream substrate thioredox ...201626876147
human liver infection in a dish: easy-to-build 3d liver models for studying microbial infection.human liver infection is a major cause of death worldwide, but fundamental studies on infectious diseases affecting humans have been hampered by the lack of robust experimental models that accurately reproduce pathogen-host interactions in an environment relevant for the human disease. in the case of liver infection, one consequence of this absence of relevant models is a lack of understanding of how pathogens cross the sinusoidal endothelial barrier and parenchyma. to fill that gap we elaborate ...201626863526
first report of entamoeba histolytica infection from timor-leste--acute amoebic colitis and concurrent late development of amoebic liver abscess in returned travellers to australia.this communication reports invasive amoebic colitis and late onset amoebic liver abscess in three members of a group of 12 australian travellers to timor-leste (tl). this is the first report of entamoeba histolytica infection from tl. clinicians in australia need to consider amoebiasis in the differential diagnosis in travellers returning with colitis, abdominal pain and fever. presentation with amoebic liver abscess months after exposure is rare but should be suspected in symptomatic individual ...201626858275
intracellular traffic of the lysine and glutamic acid rich protein kerp1 reveals features of endomembrane organization in entamoeba histolytica.the development of amoebiasis is influenced by the expression of the lysine and glutamic acid rich protein 1 (kerp1), a virulence factor involved in entamoeba histolytica adherence to human cells. up to date, it is unknown how the protein transits the parasite cytoplasm towards the plasma membrane, specially because this organism lacks a well-defined endoplasmic reticulum (er) and golgi apparatus. in this work we demonstrate that kerp1 is present at the cell surface and in intracellular vesicles ...201626857352
protozoan parasites.• stool antigen detection for cryptosporidium sp, giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica are now commercially available, have better sensitivity and specificity than the traditional stool microscopy, and are less dependent on personnel skill. tests employing newer techniques with faster turnaround time are also available for diagnosing trichomoniasis.• nitazoxanide, the only u.s. food and drug administration-approved medication for therapy of cryptosporidiosis, is effective among immunocompet ...201626834225
evaluation of the c-terminal fragment of entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac lectin intermediate subunit as a vaccine candidate against amebic liver abscess.entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, including amebic dysentery and liver abscesses. e. histolytica invades host tissues by adhering onto cells and phagocytosing them depending on the adaptation and expression of pathogenic factors, including gal/galnac lectin. we have previously reported that e. histolytica possesses multiple cxxc sequence motifs, with the intermediate subunit of gal/galnac lectin (i.e., igl) as a key factor affecting the amoeba's pa ...201626824828
application of a multiplex quantitative pcr to assess prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasite infections in a controlled clinical trial.accurate quantitative assessment of infection with soil transmitted helminths and protozoa is key to the interpretation of epidemiologic studies of these parasites, as well as for monitoring large scale treatment efficacy and effectiveness studies. as morbidity and transmission of helminth infections are directly related to both the prevalence and intensity of infection, there is particular need for improved techniques for assessment of infection intensity for both purposes. the current study ai ...201626820626
knockdown of five genes encoding uncharacterized proteins inhibits entamoeba histolytica phagocytosis of dead host cells.entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite that causes invasive amebiasis, which is endemic to many developing countries and characterized by dysentery and liver abscesses. the virulence of e. histolytica correlates with the degree of host cell engulfment, or phagocytosis, and e. histolytica phagocytosis alters amebic gene expression in a feed-forward manner that results in an increased phagocytic ability. here, we used a streamlined rna interference screen to silence the expression of 15 g ...201626810036
il-23 prevents il-13-dependent tissue repair associated with ly6c(lo) monocytes in entamoeba histolytica-induced liver damage.the il-23/il-17 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the pathological consequences of infection. we previously showed that immunopathologic mechanisms mediated by inflammatory monocytes underlie the severe focal liver damage induced by the protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica. here, we analyze the contribution of the il-23/il-17 axis to the induction and subsequent recovery from parasite-induced liver damage.201626809113
endoplasmic reticulum-resident rab8a gtpase is involved in phagocytosis in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.phagocytosis is indispensable for the pathogenesis of the intestinal protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. here, we showed that in e. histolytica rab8a, which is generally involved in trafficking from the trans-golgi network to the plasma membrane in other organisms but was previously identified in phagosomes of the amoeba in the proteomic analysis, primarily resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and participates in phagocytosis. we demonstrated that down-regulation of ehrab8a by small a ...201626807810
solution structure of the calmodulin-like c-terminal domain of entamoeba α-actinin2.cell motility is dependent on a dynamic meshwork of actin filaments that is remodelled continuously. a large number of associated proteins that are severs, cross-links, or caps the filament ends have been identified and the actin cross-linker α-actinin has been implied in several important cellular processes. in entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of human amoebiasis, α-actinin is believed to be required for infection. to better understand the role of α-actinin in the infectious process ...201626800385
multinucleation and polykaryon formation is promoted by the ehpc4 transcription factor in entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica is the intestinal parasite responsible for human amoebiasis that is a leading cause of death in developing countries. in this protozoan, heterogeneity in dna content, polyploidy and genome plasticity have been associated to alterations in mechanisms controlling dna replication and cell division. studying the function of the transcription factor ehpc4, we unexpectedly found that it is functionally related to dna replication, and multinucleation. site-directed mutagenesis on ...201626792358
screening and discovery of lineage-specific mitosomal membrane proteins in entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic intestinal parasite causing dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses in humans, possesses highly reduced and divergent mitochondrion-related organelles (mros) called mitosomes. this organelle lacks many features associated with canonical aerobic mitochondria and even other mros such as hydrogenosomes. the entamoeba mitosome has been found to have a compartmentalized sulfate activation pathway, which was recently implicated to have a role in amebic stage conver ...201626792249
development of rna interference trigger-mediated gene silencing in entamoeba invadens.entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is an important human pathogen and a leading parasitic cause of death. the organism has two life cycle stages, trophozoites, which are responsible for tissue invasion, and cysts, which are involved in pathogen transmission. entamoeba invadens is the model system to study entamoeba developmental biology, as high-grade regulated encystation and excystation are readily achievable. however, the lack of gene-silencing tools in e. invadens has limited the m ...201626787723
entamoeba thiol-based redox metabolism: a potential target for drug development.amebiasis is an intestinal infection widespread throughout the world caused by the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica. metronidazole has been a drug of choice against amebiasis for decades despite its low efficacy against asymptomatic cyst carriers and emergence of resistance in other protozoa with similar anaerobic metabolism. therefore, identification and characterization of specific targets is urgently needed to design new therapeutics for improved treatment against amebiasis. toward this g ...201626775086
technical advances in trigger-induced rna interference gene silencing in the parasite entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica has a robust endogenous rna interference (rnai) pathway. there are abundant 27 nucleotide (nt) anti-sense small rnas (as srnas) that target genes for silencing and the genome encodes many genes involved in the rnai pathway such as argonaute proteins. importantly, an e. histolytica gene with numerous as srnas can function as a "trigger" to induce silencing of a gene that is fused to the trigger. thus, the amebic rnai pathway regulates gene expression relevant to amebic biolo ...201626747561
autophosphorylation at thr279 of entamoeba histolytica atypical kinase ehak1 is required for activity and regulation of erythrophagocytosis.phagocytosis plays a key role in survival and pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica. we have recently demonstrated that an atypical kinase ehak1 is involved in phagocytosis in this parasite. it is recruited to the phagocytic cups through interaction with ehcabp1. ehak1 manipulates actin dynamics by multiple mechanisms including phosphorylation of g-actin. biochemical analysis showed that ehak1 is a serine/threonine kinase with broad ion specificity and undergoes multiple trans-autophosphorylati ...201626739245
proteomic identification of oxidized proteins in entamoeba histolytica by resin-assisted capture: insights into the role of arginase in resistance to oxidative stress.entamoeba histolytica is an obligate protozoan parasite of humans, and amebiasis, an infectious disease which targets the intestine and/or liver, is the second most common cause of human death due to a protozoan after malaria. although amebiasis is usually asymptomatic, e. histolytica has potent pathogenic potential. during host infection, the parasite is exposed to reactive oxygen species that are produced and released by cells of the innate immune system at the site of infection. the ability o ...201626735309
resveratrol induces apoptosis-like death and prevents in vitro and in vivo virulence of entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, an infection that kills 100,000 individuals each year. metronidazole and its derivatives are currently used against this protozoan, but these drugs present adverse effects on human health. here, we investigated the effect of resveratrol (a natural compound) on e. histolytica trophozoites viability, as well as its influence on the parasite virulence. trophozoites growth was arrested by 72 μm resveratrol and the ic50 was determined as 220 μm at 48 h. cells ...201626731663
prevalence of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. in libya: 2000-2015.introduction the intestinal protozoa entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. are the causative agents of giardiasis, amebiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. adequate knowledge of the geographical distribution of parasites and the demographic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations. methods the data were obtained by an english language literature search of medline and pubmed for papers using ...201628349839
role of the gut microbiota of children in diarrhea due to the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.an estimated 1 million children die each year before their fifth birthday from diarrhea. previous population-based surveys of pediatric diarrheal diseases have identified the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, as one of the causes of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in sub-saharan africa and south asia.201626712950
the knockdown of each component of the cysteine proteinase-adhesin complex of entamoeba histolytica (ehcpadh) affects the expression of the other complex element as well as the in vitro and in vivo virulence.entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite causative of human amoebiasis, disease responsible for 40 000-100 000 deaths annually. the cysteine proteinase-adhesin complex of this parasite (ehcpadh) is a heterodimeric protein formed by a cysteine protease (ehcp112) and an adhesin (ehadh) that plays an important role in the cytopathic mechanism of this parasite. the coding genes for ehcp112 and ehadh are adjacent in the e. histolytica genome, suggesting that their expression may be co-regulate ...201626521708
crystal structure analysis of wild type and fast hydrolyzing mutant of ehrabx3, a tandem ras superfamily gtpase from entamoeba histolytica.the enteric protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery, liver abscess and colitis in human. vesicular trafficking plays a key role in the survival and virulence of the protozoan and is regulated by various rab gtpases. ehrabx3 is a catalytically inefficient amoebic rab protein, which is unique among the eukaryotic ras superfamily by virtue of its tandem domain organization. here, we report the crystal structures of gdp-bound fast hydrolyzing mutant (v7 ...201626555751
1h, 13c and 15n nmr assignments of a calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica.we report almost complete sequence specific (1)h, (13)c and (15)n nmr assignments of a 150-residue long calmodulin-like calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica (ehcabp6), as a prelude to its structural and functional characterization.201626377206
prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease in university clinical hospital mostar.to explore the prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, in patients in clinical hospital mostar (bosnia and herzegovina, region of herzegovina).201627652159
entamoeba histolytica: overexpression of the gal/galnac lectin, ehcp2 and ehcp5 genes in an in vivo model of amebiasis.the parasite entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal amebiasis and amebic liver abscess as its main extraintestinal manifestation. to study the in vivo events related to inflammation and the interactions between hosts and parasites during amebiasis, we designed a novel model of host-parasite interactions using cellulose membrane dialysis bags containing e. histolytica trophozoites. a bag is placed into the hamster peritoneal cavity, as has been reported in previous studies of programmed cell dea ...201627616150
comparison of microscopic and immunoassay examination in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa of humans in mansoura, egypt.protozoal diseases are prevalent globally and especially in developing countries that have relatively lower socioeconomic populations such as egypt. direct microscopic examination (dme) is used for the detection and identification of protozoa but lacks sufficient reliability, and thus may be detrimental in obtaining accurate diagnostic or epidemiological data. in this study, we determine the prevalence of infections by giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium sp., and entamoeba histolytica in human ...201627605751
enteric pathogens and factors associated with acute bloody diarrhoea, kenya.shigellosis is the major cause of bloody diarrhoea worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. in kenya, bloody diarrhoea is reported weekly as part of priority diseases under integrated disease surveillance and response system (idsr) in the ministry of health.201627600526
synthesis, antiamoebic and molecular docking studies of furan-thiazolidinone hybrids.in continuation of our previous work, a series of furan-thiazolidinone hybrids was prepared by knoevenagel condensation of 3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one with different aryl aldehydes in presence of strong base. some members of the series exhibited remarkable antiamoebic activity and cell viability. three compounds (3, 6 and 11) showed excellent binding energy for entamoeba histolytica o-acetyle-l-serine sulfohydrolase and entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase. ...201627597415
performance of microscopy and elisa for diagnosing giardia duodenalis infection in different pediatric groups.techniques for giardia diagnosis based on microscopy are usually applied as routine laboratory testing; however, they typically exhibit low sensitivity. this study aimed to evaluate giardia duodenalis and other intestinal parasitic infections in different pediatric groups, with an emphasis on the comparison of giardia diagnostic techniques. feces from 824 children from different groups (diarrheic, malnourished, with cancer and from day care) were examined by microscopy and elisa for giardia, cry ...201627586394
overexpression of differentially expressed genes identified in non-pathogenic and pathogenic entamoeba histolytica clones allow identification of new pathogenicity factors involved in amoebic liver abscess formation.we here compared pathogenic (p) and non-pathogenic (np) isolates of entamoeba histolytica to identify molecules involved in the ability of this parasite to induce amoebic liver abscess (ala)-like lesions in two rodent models for the disease. we performed a comprehensive analysis of 12 clones (a1-a12) derived from a non-pathogenic isolate hm-1:imss-a and 12 clones (b1-b12) derived from a pathogenic isolate hm-1:imss-b. "non-pathogenicity" included the induction of small and quickly resolved lesio ...201627575775
mouse models of amoebiasis and culture methods of amoeba.entamoeba histolytica is the third leading parasitic cause of man mortality in the world. infection occurs via ingestion of food or water contaminated with cysts of e. histolytica. amoebae primarily colonize the intestine. the majority of amoebic infections are asymptomatic, but under some conditions, approximately 4-10% of infections progress to the invasive form of the disease. to better understand the pathogenesis of amoebiasis and the interaction between amoebae and their hosts, the developm ...201627080249
entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 5 evokes mucin exocytosis from colonic goblet cells via αvβ3 integrin.critical to the pathogenesis of intestinal amebiasis, entamoeba histolytica (eh) induces mucus hypersecretion and degrades the colonic mucus layer at the site of invasion. the parasite component(s) responsible for hypersecretion are poorly defined, as are regulators of mucin secretion within the host. in this study, we have identified the key virulence factor in live eh that elicits the fast release of mucin by goblets cells as cysteine protease 5 (ehcp5) whereas, modest mucus secretion occurred ...201627073869
balantidium coli liver abscess: first case report from india.protozoal infections are common in the tropics. amoebic colitis is the commonest of these infections and can lead to liver abscess as a complication. balantidium coli is a rare free moving protozoal parasite which is known to infest human large intestine causing a type of colitis very similar to that caused by entamoeba histolytica. however this pathogen is not known to cause liver invasion in humans. we report here a case of liver abscess caused by b. coli, which is probably the first such case ...201627065613
cellular gene expression induced by parasite antigens and allergens in neonates from parasite-infected mothers.prenatal exposure to parasite antigens or allergens will influence the profile and strength of postnatal immune responses, such contact may tolerize and increase susceptibility to future infections or sensitize to environmental allergens. exposure in utero to parasite antigens will distinctly alter cellular gene expression in newborns. gene microarrays were applied to study gene expression in umbilical cord blood cell (ucbc) from parasite-exposed (para-pos) and non-exposed (para-neg) neonates. u ...201627062712
identification and functional characterization of lysine methyltransferases of entamoeba histolytica.lysine methylation of histones, a posttranslational modification catalyzed by lysine methyltransferases (hkmts), plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of transcription. lysine methylation of non-histone proteins also impacts the biological function of proteins. previously it has been shown that lysine methylation of histones of entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that infects 50 million people worldwide each year and causing up to 100,000 deaths annually, is implicated i ...201627062489
[a case of peristomal cutaneous ulcer following amebic colitis caused by entamoeba histolytica].a 66-year-old japanese male with a history of a rectal ulcer and rectovesical fistula following brachytherapy and radiotherapy for prostate cancer, who had undergone colostomy and vesicotomy presented with a painful peristomal ulcer of approximately 5 x 2.5cm adjacent to the direction of 6 o'clock of the stoma in his left lower abdomen. although he was admitted to be treated with intravenous antibiotics and topical debridement, the ulcer was rapidly increasing. in the laboratory findings, wbc wa ...201627032177
data on docking and dynamics simulation of entamoeba histolytica ehadh (an alix protein) and lysobisphosphatidic acid.entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan agent responsible for human amoebiasis. trophozoites are highly phagocytic cells and the lysobisphosphatidic acid (lbpa) is involved in endocytosis. lbpa interacts with ehadh protein (an alix family member) also participating in phagocytosis, as it is referred in the research article identification of the phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid in the protozoan entamoeba histolytica: an active molecule in endocytosis (castellanos-castro et al., 2016) [1]. to ...201627014730
biophysical studies on calcium and carbohydrate binding to carbohydrate recognition domain of gal/galnac lectin from entamoeba histolytica: insights into host cell adhesion.entamoeba histolytica, an enteric parasite expresses a gal/galnac-specific lectin that contributes to its virulence by establishing adhesion to host cell. in this study, carbohydrate recognition domain of hgl (ehcrd) was purified and biophysical studies were conducted to understand the thermodynamic basis of its binding to carbohydrate and ca(++) here, we show that carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) of the lectin binds to calcium through dpn motif. to decipher the role of calcium in carbohydr ...201627008865
role of cysteine residues in the redox-regulated oligomerization and nucleotide binding to ehrabx3.the enteric protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, an etiological agent of amebiasis, is involved in the adhesion and destruction of human tissues. worldwide, the parasite causes about 50 million cases of amebiasis and 100,000 deaths annually. ehrabx3, a unique amoebic rab gtpase with tandem g-domains, possesses an unusually large number of cysteine residues in its n-terminal domain. crystal structure of ehrabx3 revealed an intra-molecular disulfide bond between c39 and c163 which is critica ...201627485554
primary pulmonary amebiasis complicated with multicystic empyema.amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan entamoeba histolytica. while most infections are asymptomatic, the disease could manifest clinically as amebic dysentery and/or extraintestinal invasion in the form of amebic liver abscess or other more rare manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac, or brain involvement. herein we are reporting a case of a 24-year-old male with history of down syndrome who presented with severe right side pneumonia complicated with multicystic empyema r ...201627478673
fulminant amebic colitis after corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review.amebic colitis, caused by intestinal infection with the parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide. fulminant amebic colitis is the most devastating complication of this infection, associated with both high mortality and morbidity. we conducted a review of the english literature to describe cases of fulminant amebic colitis associated with exposure to corticosteroid medications in order to identify the risk factors for poor outcome and determine difficulties in diag ...201627467600
modulation of innate immune response by the vagus nerve in experimental hepatic amebiasis in rats.the parasympathetic nervous system has a crucial role in immunomodulation of the vagus nerve, its structure provides a pathogen detection system, and a negative feedback to the immune system after the pathogenic agent has been eliminated. amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, considered the third leading cause of death in the world. the rats are used as a natural resistance model to amoebic liver infection. the aim of this study is to analyze the interact ...201627466057
role of serum amyloid a, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and bone marrow granulocyte-monocyte precursor expansion in segmented filamentous bacterium-mediated protection from entamoeba histolytica.intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) protect from ameba infection, and protection is transferable with bone marrow dendritic cells (bmdcs). sfb cause an increase in serum amyloid a (saa), suggesting that saa might mediate sfb's effects on bmdcs. here we further explored the role of bone marrow in sfb-mediated protection. transient gut colonization with sfb or saa administration alone transiently increased the h3k27 histone demethylase jmjd3, persistently increased bone marrow csf2ra e ...201627456830
antiamoebic activity of adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother and its effect on the actin cytoskeleton of entamoeba histolytica.in mexico, the adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother plant is consumed as an infusion to treat intestinal diseases such as amoebiasis, which is an endemic health problem in mexico and other countries. however, the effect of a. aurantium on entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, is unknown. an aerial part methanolic extract (aamea), a root methanolic extract (aamer) and a root ethyl acetate extract (aaear) were tested on e. histolytica trophozoites. aamea and aamer did not show ...201627445810
simultaneous detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica, e. dispar, e. moshkovskii, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium spp. in human fecal samples using multiplex pcr and qpcr-mca.entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium spp. are common causes of diarrheal and intestinal diseases all over the world. microscopic methods are useful in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites (ips), but their sensitivity was assessed approximately 60 percent. recently, molecular techniques have been used increasingly for the identification and characterization of the parasites. among those, in this study we have used multiplex pcr and real-time pcr with melting curve analysis ...201627423396
prevalence of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. in libya: 2000-2015.the intestinal protozoa entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. are the causative agents of giardiasis, amebiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. adequate knowledge of the geographical distribution of parasites and the demographic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations.201627363524
accuracy of mobile phone and handheld light microscopy for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and intestinal protozoa infections in côte d'ivoire.handheld light microscopy using compact optics and mobile phones may improve the quality of health care in resource-constrained settings by enabling access to prompt and accurate diagnosis.201627348755
regioselective phosphorylation of myo-inositol with binol-derived phosphoramidites and its application for protozoan lysophosphatidylinositol.a regioselective phosphorylation method for myo-inositol was developed by utilizing readily preparable binol-derived phosphoramidites. the method also facilitated the complete separation of the diastereomeric products by simple chromatography. based on this phosphorylation and ni-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction for long fatty acids, we achieved the first synthesis of a lysophosphatidylinositol, ehpia having long fatty acid c30:1, as a partial structure of glycosylphosphatidylinosit ...201627326923
tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of myosin ii essential light chains of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites regulates their motility.entamoeba histolytica trophozoites dwell in the human intestine as comensals although under still unclear circumstances become invasive and destroy the host tissues. for these activities, trophozoites relay on remarkable motility provided by the cytoskeleton organization. amebic actin and some of its actin-associated proteins are well known, while components of the myosin ii molecule, although predicted from the e. histolytica genome, need biochemical and functional characterization. recently, a ...201627318258
increases in entamoeba histolytica antibody-positive rates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected patients in japan: a 10-year hospital-based study of 3,514 patients.serological evidence of the epidemiological trends in entamoeba histolytica infection is scarce, especially in nonendemic countries. we aimed to determine the antibody-positive rates over a 10-year period, and compare the trends between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and -noninfected patients. we reviewed 3,514 patients who underwent antibody testing during the study periods, which were divided into five annual categories: 2004-2005, 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, and 2012-2013. a ...201627296390
serum stress responsive gene ehslncrna of entamoeba histolytica is a novel long noncoding rna.non coding rnas are known to play important roles in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in metazoans. there is very little information available about non coding rnas in protists such as entamoeba histolytica. antisense and micro rnas have been reported in e. histolytica, however no long non coding rnas has been reported yet. here, we report our findings on an in vitro serum stress-inducible gene ehslncrna, a member of b1 transmembrane kinase family ...201627273618
heterogeneity of the serine synthetic pathway in entamoeba species.phosphoserine phosphatase (psp) catalyzes the third step of the phosphorylated serine biosynthetic pathway, and occurred multiple times in evolution, while enzymes catalyzing the first and second steps in the pathway have single respective origins. in the present study, we examined the existence of psp among genus entamoeba including a human enteric parasite, entamoeba histolytica. e. histolytica as well as majority of entamoeba species have the first and second enzymes, but lacks psp. in contra ...201627268730
immune response of amebiasis and immune evasion by entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis. it is estimated approximately 1% of humans are infected with e. histolytica, resulting in an estimate of 100,000 deaths annually. clinical manifestations of amebic infection range widely from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses. like other infectious diseases, it is assumed that only ~20% of infected individuals develop symptoms, and genetic factors of both the para ...201627242782
horizontal gene transfers from bacteria to entamoeba complex: a strategy for dating events along species divergence.horizontal gene transfer has proved to be relevant in eukaryotic evolution, as it has been found more often than expected and related to adaptation to certain niches. a relatively large list of laterally transferred genes has been proposed and evaluated for the parasite entamoeba histolytica. the goals of this work were to elucidate the importance of lateral gene transfer along the evolutionary history of some members of the genus entamoeba, through identifying donor groups and estimating the di ...201627239333
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