Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ultrastructural and morphological changes in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis treated with synthetic chalcones. | cutaneous leishmaniasis has an estimated incidence of 1.5 million new cases per year and the treatment options available are old, expensive, toxic, and difficult to administer. chalcones have shown good activity against several species of leishmania. however few studies have discussed the mechanisms of action and drug target of this group of compounds in leishmania. the synthetic chalcones that were evaluated in the present study were previously shown to exhibit activity against leishmania (vian ... | 2016 | 26632504 |
| prevalence and distribution of leishmania rna virus 1 in leishmania parasites from french guiana. | in south america, the presence of the leishmania rna virus type 1 (lrv1) was described in leishmania guyanensis and leishmania braziliensis strains. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence distribution of lrv1 in leishmania isolates in french guiana given that, in this french overseas department, most leishmania infections are due to these parasite species. the presence of the virus was observed in 74% of leishmania spp. isolates, with a highest presence in the internal areas of th ... | 2016 | 26598572 |
| experimental infection of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) whitmani (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (l.) amazonensis, etiological agents of american tugumentary leishmaniasis. | leishmania (l.) amazonensis (lainson & shaw, 1972) and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (vianna, 1911) are the principal causative agents of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in brazil. l. amazonensis also causes diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) vectored principally by lutzomyia flaviscutellata and secondarily by lutzomyia whitmani (antunes & coutinho, 1939). the latter is the most common phlebotomine in the state of maranhão, and it is the focal species for potential atl transmissi ... | 2016 | 26487245 |
| quantitative kinetoplast dna assessment during treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis as a potential biomarker of outcome: a pilot study. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) is a disfiguring manifestation of leishmania (viannia) infection. we evaluated parasite load (pl) over time as a potential biomarker of treatment outcome in ml. pl was assessed with kinetoplast dna quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (kdna-qpcr) at enrollment, days 14 and 21-28 of therapy and 3, 6, 12-18, and 18-24 months after treatment of ml and correlated to demographic, clinical, and parasitologic factors. forty-four patients were enrolled: 30 men and ... | 2016 | 26483122 |
| geographic distribution of leishmania species in ecuador based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. | a countrywide epidemiological study was performed to elucidate the current geographic distribution of causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in ecuador by using fta card-spotted samples and smear slides as dna sources. putative leishmania in 165 samples collected from patients with cl in 16 provinces of ecuador were examined at the species level based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. of these, 125 samples were successfully identified as leishmania (viannia) guyanensis, l. ( ... | 2016 | 27410039 |
| a vaccine combining two leishmania braziliensis proteins offers heterologous protection against leishmania infantum infection. | in the present study, two leishmania braziliensis proteins, one hypothetical and the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eif5a), were cloned and used as a polyproteins vaccine for the heterologous protection of balb/c mice against infantum infection. animals were immunized with the antigens separately or in association, and in both cases saponin was used as an adjuvant. in the results, spleen cells from mice inoculated with the individual or polyproteins vaccine and lately challenged produced signi ... | 2016 | 27387277 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for evaluation of immune response and parasite load in golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a neglected disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from small cutaneous nodules to severe mucosal tissue destruction. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main species attributed to cl in the americas. however, studies of experimental infection are limited in the murine model due to the self-resolutive pattern of the disease. previously, our group demonstrated that the hamster model reproduces many of the clinical and histopathologic ... | 2016 | 27350537 |
| anthropophily of lutzomyia wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae) in an atlantic forest conservation unit in northeast brazil. | lutzomyia wellcomei (fraiha, shaw & lainson) (diptera: psychodidae) can act as an important vector of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis this study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of atlantic forest in a conservation unit of rio grande do norte state. collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using shannon and cdc traps. a total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: lutzomyia walkeri (newstead), lutzomyia evandroi (costa lima & antunes), lutzomyi ... | 2016 | 27330100 |
| a telomeric cluster of antimony resistance genes on chromosome 34 of leishmania infantum. | the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of leishmania spp. are manifold and not completely identified. apart from the highly conserved multidrug resistance gene family known from higher eukaryotes, leishmania spp. also possess genus-specific resistance marker genes. one of them, arm58, was first identified in leishmania braziliensis using a functional cloning approach, and its domain structure was characterized in l. infantum here we report that l. infantum arm58 is part of a gene cluster ... | 2016 | 27324767 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i serum levels and their biological effects on leishmania isolates from different clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in brazil is mostly caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, with known forms of the disease being cutaneous (cl), mucosal (ml) and disseminated (dl) leishmaniasis. the development of the lesion in atl is related both to the persistence of the leishmania in the skin and to the parasite-triggered immune and inflammatory responses that ensue lesions. in this context one factor with expected role in the pathogenesis is insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i ... | 2016 | 27286813 |
| clinical and parasitological features of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis that did not respond to treatment with meglumine antimoniate. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a complicated disease producing about 67.000 new cases per year. the severity of the disease depends on the parasite species; however in the vast majority of cases species confirmation is not feasible. who suggestion for acl produced by leishmania braziliensis, as first line treatment, are pentavalent antimonial derivatives (glucantime or sodium stibogluconate) under systemic administration. according to different authors, pentavalent antimonial derivati ... | 2016 | 27243811 |
| first human cases of leishmania (viannia) lainsoni infection and a search for the vector sand flies in ecuador. | an epidemiological study of leishmaniasis was performed in amazonian areas of ecuador since little information on the prevalent leishmania and sand fly species responsible for the transmission is available. of 33 clinical specimens from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), causative parasites were identified in 25 samples based on cytochrome b gene analysis. as reported previously, leishmania (viannia) guyanensis and l. (v.) braziliensis were among the causative agents identified. in addi ... | 2016 | 27191391 |
| immunologic markers of protection in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection: a 5-year cohort study. | the control of leishmania braziliensis by individuals with subclinical infection (sc) are unknown. | 2016 | 27190181 |
| in vitro characterization of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates from patients with different responses to glucantime(®) treatment from northwest paraná, brazil. | leishmaniasis is a group of diseases that presents various clinical manifestations. many studies have shown that the parasite plays an important role in the clinical manifestations and prognosis of this disease. the cutaneous and mucosal forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) are associated with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, which exhibits intraspecific genetic polymorphisms and various clinical manifestations. the present study focused on four different l. braziliensis strains t ... | 2016 | 27181585 |
| characterization of neutrophil function in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. | infection with different leishmania spp. protozoa can lead to a variety of clinical syndromes associated in many cases with inflammatory responses in the skin. although macrophages harbor the majority of parasites throughout chronic infection, neutrophils are the first inflammatory cells to migrate to the site of infection. whether neutrophils promote parasite clearance or exacerbate disease in murine models varies depending on the susceptible or resistant status of the host. based on the hypoth ... | 2016 | 27167379 |
| silver and nitrate oppositely modulate antimony susceptibility through aquaglyceroporin 1 in leishmania (viannia) species. | antimony (sb) resistance in leishmaniasis chemotherapy has become one of the major challenges to the control of this spreading worldwide public health problem. since the plasma membrane pore-forming protein aquaglyceroporin 1 (aqp1) is the major route of sb uptake in leishmania, functional studies are relevant to characterize drug transport pathways in the parasite. we generated aqp1-overexpressing leishmania guyanensis and l. braziliensis mutants and investigated their susceptibility to the tri ... | 2016 | 27161624 |
| chlorin e6 phototoxicity in l. major and l. braziliensis promastigotes-in vitro study. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. conventional treatments are long and aggressive, and they trigger a diversity of side effects. photodynamic therapy was originally proposed as a treatment for cancer, and it now appears to be a promising therapy for local treatment with fewer side effects of infectious diseases. | 2016 | 27156802 |
| a luciferase-expressing leishmania braziliensis line that leads to sustained skin lesions in balb/c mice and allows monitoring of miltefosine treatment outcome. | leishmania braziliensis is the most prevalent species isolated from patients displaying cutaneous and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in south america. however, there are difficulties for studying l. braziliensis pathogenesis or response to chemotherapy in vivo due to the natural resistance of most mouse strains to infection with these parasites. the aim of this work was to develop an experimental set up that could be used to assess drug efficacy against l. braziliensis. the model was tested using ... | 2016 | 27144739 |
| evaluation of different diagnostic methods of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the brazilian amazon. | epidemiological studies have been conducted to better understand the dynamics of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in the amazon region where distinct species of leishmania circulate. in endemic areas, the optimal diagnosis must be made in the earlier clinical presentation to avoid the complications of chronic disease. the scarcity of financial support, laboratory infrastructure and trained persons are the major obstacles in this reality. this paper describes the result of performing differ ... | 2016 | 27119738 |
| an innovative field-applicable molecular test to diagnose cutaneous leishmania viannia spp. infections. | cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis is widely distributed in central and south america. leishmania of the viannia subgenus are the most frequent species infecting humans. l. (v.) braziliensis, l. (v.) panamensis are also responsible for metastatic mucosal leishmaniasis. conventional or real time pcr is a more sensitive diagnostic test than microscopy, but the cost and requirement for infrastructure and trained personnel makes it impractical in most endemic regions. primary health systems need a ... | 2016 | 27115155 |
| low sequence identity but high structural and functional conservation: the case of hsp70/hsp90 organizing protein (hop/sti1) of leishmania braziliensis. | parasites belonging to the genus leishmania are subjected to extensive environmental changes during their life cycle; molecular chaperones/co-chaperones act as protagonists in this scenario to maintain cellular homeostasis. hop/sti1 is a co-chaperone that connects the hsp90 and hsp70 systems, modulating their atpase activities and affecting the fate of client proteins because it facilitates their transfer from the hsp70 to the hsp90 chaperone. hop/sti1 is one of the most prevalent co-chaperones, ... | 2016 | 27103305 |
| phenolic composition and antiparasitic activity of plants from the brazilian northeast "cerrado". | this work describes the antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of three plant species from the cerrado biome, northeastern brazil. significant antiparasitic inhibition was observed against trypanosoma cruzi (63.86%), leishmania brasiliensis (92.20%) and leishmania infantum (95.23%) when using ethanol extract from leaves of guazuma ulmifolia lam. (malvaceae), at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. however, low levels of inhibition were observed when assessing leishmanicidal and trypanocidal (clone cl-b ... | 2016 | 27081371 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis amastigotes from patients with mucosal leishmaniasis have increased ability to disseminate and are controlled by nitric oxide at the early stage of murine infection. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) caused by leishmania (vianna) braziliensis usually appears after the healing of the primary lesion when amastigotes disseminate from the infection site to the mucosal area. here, we investigated murine infection with amastigotes obtained from patients with ml or localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). amastigotes were used to infect wild type, ifn-γ ko and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) ko mice. amastigotes from patients with lcl induced lesions that appeared ... | 2016 | 27073255 |
| in vitro evaluation of photodynamic therapy using curcumin on leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by the leishmania protozoan. the conventional treatment is long-lasting and aggressive, in addition to causing harmful effect. photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising alternative treatment, which allows local administration with fewer side effects. this study investigated the photodynamic activity of curcumin on leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis promastigote. both species were submitted to incubation with curcumin in seri ... | 2016 | 27056699 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) panamensis in 2 travelers. | 2016 | 27051841 | |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis with unusual clinical presentation and response to treatment. | the clinical manifestations and prognosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) can be influenced by the immune response of the patient and the species of the parasite. a case of atypical clinical presentation of cl, with development of non-characteristic lesions, poor response to therapy, and a long time to resolution is reported. confirmatory laboratory tests included parasite detection, indirect immunofluorescence, montenegro skin test, polymerase chain reaction, and parasite identification by mult ... | 2016 | 27007563 |
| molecular identification of lutzomyia migonei (diptera: psychodidae) as a potential vector for leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae). | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum. this parasite is transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly. the most important sand fly species in vl transmission is lutzomyia longipalpis. in fortaleza, the capital of ceará state, brazil, the simultaneous occurrence of lutzomyia migonei and l. longipalpis was detected in localities where vl transmission is observed. the purpose of this study was to determine conclusively if l. migonei can be found natural ... | 2016 | 26995718 |
| trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of flavonoids isolated from stevia satureiifolia var. satureiifolia. | context chagas' disease and leishmaniasis produce significant disability and mortality with great social and economic impact. the genus stevia (asteraceae) is a potential source of antiprotozoal compounds. objective aerial parts of four stevia species were screened on trypanosoma cruzi. stevia satureiifolia (lam.) sch. bip. var. satureiifolia (asteraceae) dichloromethane extract was selected for a bioassay-guided fractionation in order to isolate its active compounds. additionally, the antileish ... | 2016 | 26983579 |
| cross-protective efficacy of leishmania infantum lihyd protein against tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis species. | vaccination can be considered the most cost-effective strategy to control neglected diseases, but nowadays there is not an effective vaccine available against leishmaniasis. in the present study, a vaccine based on the combination of the leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (lihyd) with saponin was tested in balb/c mice against infection caused by leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis species. this antigen was firstly identified in leishmania infantum and showed to be protective again ... | 2016 | 26976272 |
| coinfection of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple cutaneous lesions. | 2016 | 26963925 | |
| identification of causative leishmania species in giemsa-stained smears prepared from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in peru using pcr-rflp. | a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) targeting the mannose phosphate isomerase gene was established to differentiate leishmania species distributed near the department of huanuco, peru. the technique was applied to 267 dna samples extracted from giemsa-stained smears of cutaneous lesions taken from patients suspected for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area, and the present status of causative leishmania species was identified. of 114 pcr-amplified samples, 22, 19, 24 and 49 samp ... | 2016 | 26943992 |
| ultradeformable archaeosomes for needle free nanovaccination with leishmania braziliensis antigens. | total antigens from leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, solubilized with sodium cholate (dslp), were formulated within ultradeformable nanovesicles (dslp-ultradeformable archaeosomes, (dslp-uda), and dslp-ultradeformable liposomes (dslp-udl)) and topically administered to balb/c mice. ultradeformable nanovesicles can penetrate the intact stratum corneum up to the viable epidermis, with no aid of classical permeation enhancers that can damage the barrier function of the skin. briefly, 100 nm u ... | 2016 | 26934726 |
| cytotoxic cell involvement in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an important public health issue worldwide. the control of leishmania infection depends on cellular immune mechanisms, and the inflammatory response may contribute to pathogenesis. a beneficial role of cd8(+) t lymphocytes has been proposed; nevertheless, other studies suggest a cytotoxic role of cd8(+) t lymphocytes involved in tissue damage, showing controversial role of these cells. the goal of the current study was to understand the immunopathology of cl and d ... | 2016 | 26928901 |
| intralesional pentamidine: a novel therapy for single lesions of bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis. | a novel therapy, intralesional (il) pentamidine, was compared to intralesional therapy with antimony (ilsb), a world health organization-recommended therapy, for single bolivian leishmania braziliensis lesions. in study 1, 90 patients were randomized equally between three injections of ilsb over 5 days, five injections of ilsb over 11 days, and three injections of il pentamidine (120 μg/mm(2)lesion area [ilpenta-120-3]) over 5 days. cure rates at 6 months were 57% for ilsb-3 injections, 73% for ... | 2016 | 26903605 |
| functional validation of abca3 as a miltefosine transporter in human macrophages: impact on intracellular survival of leishmania (viannia) panamensis. | within its mammalian host, leishmania resides and replicates as an intracellular parasite. the direct activity of antileishmanials must therefore depend on intracellular drug transport, metabolism, and accumulation within the host cell. in this study, we explored the role of human macrophage transporters in the intracellular accumulation and antileishmanial activity of miltefosine (mlf), the only oral drug available for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). membrane transpo ... | 2016 | 26903515 |
| ccr2 signaling contributes to the differentiation of protective inflammatory dendritic cells in leishmania braziliensis infection. | in vertebrate hosts, leishmania braziliensis parasites infect mainly mononuclear phagocytic system cells, which when activated by t helper cell type 1 cytokines produce nitric oxide and kill the pathogens. chemokine (c-c motif) receptor 2 is a chemokine receptor that binds primarily chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 and has an important role in the recruitment of monocytic phagocytes. although it has been reported that leishmania braziliensis infection induces ccr2 expression in the lesions, the ro ... | 2016 | 26884611 |
| chemical characterization and trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity potential of lantana camara l. (verbenaceae) essential oil. | drug resistance in the treatment of neglected parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, has led to the search and development of alternative drugs from plant origins. in this context, the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from lantana camara leaves was tested against leishmania braziliensis and trypanosoma cruzi. the results demonstrated that l. camara essential oil inhibited t. cruzi and l. braziliensis with ic50 of 201.94 μg/ml and 72.31 μg/ml, respectively. l. ... | 2016 | 26875978 |
| hplc-dad phenolic profile, cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastidae activity of melissa officinalis. | context melissa officinalis subsp. inodora bornm. (lamiaceae) has been used since ancient times in folk medicine against various diseases, but it has not been investigated against protozoa. objective to evaluate the activities of m. officinalis against leishmania braziliensis, leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi as well as its cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell line. materials and methods the fresh leaves were chopped into 1 cm(2) pieces, washed and macerated with 99.9% of ethanol for 72 h at ... | 2016 | 26864563 |
| disseminated leishmaniasis by leishmania viannia subgenus: a series of 18 cases in southeastern brazil. | background. disseminated leishmaniasis (dl) is an emerging clinical form of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) that occurs mainly in northeastern brazil. this study describes 18 cases where dl has not yet been reported. methods. disseminated leishmaniasis cases were extracted from atl recorded cases between 1987 and march 2015. disseminated leishmaniasis identification was based on ≥10 mixed-type lesions, located in ≥2 body parts. results. eighteen (5.4%) patients were identified as dl. ... | 2016 | 26848483 |
| the role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the killing of leishmania braziliensis by monocytes from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania braziliensis, presents an exaggerated th1 response that is associated with ulcer development. macrophages are the primary cells infected by leishmania parasites and both reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) are important in the control of leishmania by these cells. the mechanism involved in the killing of l. braziliensis is not well established. in this study, we evaluate the role of ros and no in the control of l. braziliens ... | 2016 | 26840253 |
| cross-protective efficacy from a immunogen firstly identified in leishmania infantum against tegumentary leishmaniasis. | experimental vaccine candidates have been evaluated to prevent leishmaniasis, but no commercial vaccine has been proved to be effective against more than one parasite species. lihyt is a leishmania-specific protein that was firstly identified as protective against leishmania infantum. in this study, lihyt was evaluated as a vaccine to against two leishmania species causing tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl): leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis. balb/c mice were immunized with rlihyt plus sa ... | 2016 | 26756314 |
| topical amphotericin b in ultradeformable liposomes: formulation, skin penetration study, antifungal and antileishmanial activity in vitro. | aiming to improve the topical delivery of amb to treat cutaneous fungal infections and leishmaniasis, ultradeformable liposomes containing amphotericin b (amb-udl) were prepared, and structural and functional characterized. the effect of different edge activators, phospholipid and amb concentration, and phospholipid to edge activator ratio on liposomal deformability, as well as on amb liposomal content, was tested. liposomes having tween 80 as edge activator resulted of maximal deformability and ... | 2016 | 26709977 |
| prenylated acylphloroglucinols with leishmanicidal activity from the fern elaphoglossum lindbergii. | purification of a diethyl ether extract of the argentinian fern elaphoglossum lindbergii afforded five new prenylated acylphloroglucinols, lindbergins e-i (1-5), of which two showed significant in vitro leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis and l. amazonensis. the structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated based on analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with values previously reported for other phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from plant specie ... | 2016 | 26689830 |
| association of the endobiont double-stranded rna virus lrv1 with treatment failure for human leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in peru and bolivia. | cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis, caused in south america by leishmania braziliensis, is difficult to cure by chemotherapy (primarily pentavalent antimonials [sb(v)]). treatment failure does not correlate well with resistance in vitro, and the factors responsible for treatment failure in patients are not well understood. many isolates of l. braziliensis (>25%) contain a double-stranded rna virus named leishmaniavirus 1 (lrv1), which has also been reported in leishmania guyanensis, for which a ... | 2016 | 26123565 |
| leishmania spp. in didelphis spp. from northeastern brazil. | the synanthropic behavior of marsupials of the genus didelphis in endemic areas of leishmaniasis suggests that these animals may play an important role in the epidemiology of this infection. the aim of the present study was to detect leishmania spp. dna in didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum) and didelphis aurita (big-eared opossum) living in forested and peridomestic areas of northeastern brazil. blood samples were collected from 25 animals (23 d. albiventris and 2 d. aurita ) by cardiac ... | 2016 | 27691942 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2016 | 27688269 |
| the gp63 gene cluster is highly polymorphic in natural leishmania (viannia) braziliensis populations, but functional sites are conserved. | gp63 or leishmanolysin is the major surface protease of leishmania spp. involved in parasite virulence and host cell interaction. as such, gp63 is a potential target of eventual vaccines against these protozoa. in the current study we evaluate the polymorphism of gp63 in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolated from two sets of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) cases from corte de pedra, brazil, including 35 cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2001 and 6 cases diagnosed between 2008 and 20 ... | 2016 | 27648939 |
| immunomodulatory nanoparticles ameliorate disease in the leishmania (viannia) panamensis mouse model. | leishmania (viannia) panamensis (l. (v.) panamensis) is a species of protozoan parasites that causes new world leishmaniasis, which is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response. current treatment strategies, mainly chemotherapeutic, are suboptimal due to adverse effects, long treatment regimens, and increasing drug resistance. recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise in preclinical studies of leishmaniasis. as nps may enable broad cellular immunomodulation through internali ... | 2016 | 27636154 |
| meta-transcriptome profiling of the human-leishmania braziliensis cutaneous lesion. | host and parasite gene expression in skin biopsies from leishmania braziliensis-infected patients were simultaneously analyzed using high throughput rna-sequencing. biopsies were taken from 8 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis and 17 patients with late cutaneous leishmaniasis. although parasite dna was found in all patient lesions at the time of biopsy, the patients could be stratified into two groups: one lacking detectable parasite transcripts (ptneg) in lesions, and another in which ... | 2016 | 27631090 |
| combination of in silico methods in the search for potential cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell epitopes in the proteome of leishmania braziliensis. | the leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases widespread throughout the globe, which are caused by protozoans from the genus leishmania and are transmitted by infected phlebotomine flies. the development of a safe and effective vaccine against these diseases has been seen as the best alternative to control and reduce the number of cases. to support vaccine development, this work has applied an in silico approach to search for high potential peptide epitopes able to bind to different major hi ... | 2016 | 27621732 |
| aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from guaraí, state of tocantins, brazil, endemic area for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in brazil, american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) ecology involves a diversity of leishmania species transmitted by different sand fly species. workers involved in agricultural activities are those mainly affected by acl in some regions from tocantins state (to), brazil, where the disease can be established in new settlements. the objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of acl, in a settlement in guaraí (to), ... | 2016 | 27590233 |
| molecular detection of leishmania dna in wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from a cave in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. in brazil, leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. the present study f ... | 2016 | 27590232 |
| tilting the balance between rna interference and replication eradicates leishmania rna virus 1 and mitigates the inflammatory response. | many leishmania (viannia) parasites harbor the double-stranded rna virus leishmania rna virus 1 (lrv1), which has been associated with increased disease severity in animal models and humans and with drug treatment failures in humans. remarkably, lrv1 survives in the presence of an active rnai pathway, which in many organisms controls rna viruses. we found significant levels (0.4 to 2.5%) of small rnas derived from lrv1 in both leishmania braziliensis and leishmania guyanensis, mapping across bot ... | 2016 | 27790981 |
| effective anti-leishmanial activity of minimalist squaramide-based compounds. | in order to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of n,n'-squaramides derivatives, compounds that feature both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and are capable of multiple interactions with complementary sites, against leishmania infantum, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani a series of 18compounds was prepared and assayed on extracellular and intracellular parasite forms. infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed on j774.2 macrophage cells using meglumine anti ... | 2016 | 27480054 |
| galleria mellonella hemocytes: a novel phagocytic assay for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | galleria mellonella is an excellent invertebrate model for the study of diseases that involve interactions with cells from the innate immune system, since they have an innate immune system capable of recognizing the pathogens. here we present for the first time, an alternative model for an in vitro phagocytic assay using hemocytes of g. mellonella larvae to study infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. we showed that the insect phagocytic cells were able to engulf promastigotes. furtherm ... | 2016 | 27713019 |
| gene expression profile of high ifn-γ producers stimulated with leishmania braziliensis identifies genes associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the initial response to leishmania parasites is essential in determining disease development or resistance. in vitro, a divergent response to leishmania, characterized by high or low ifn-γ production has been described as a potential tool to predict both vaccine response and disease susceptibility in vivo. | 2016 | 27870860 |
| genomic and phylogenetic evidence of viper retrotransposon domestication in trypanosomatids. | transposable elements are important residents of eukaryotic genomes and eventually the host can domesticate them to serve cellular functions. we reported here a possible domestication event of the vestigial interposed retroelement (viper) in trypanosomatids. we found a large gene in a syntenic location in leishmania braziliensis, l. panamensis, leptomanas pyrrhocoris, and crithidia fasciculata whose products share similarity in the c-terminal portion with the third protein of viper. no remnants ... | 2016 | 27849219 |
| detection and molecular identification of leishmania rna virus (lrv) in iranian leishmania species. | leishmania rna virus (lrv) was first detected in members of the subgenus leishmania (viannia), and later, the virulence and metastasis of the new world species were attributed to this virus. the data on the presence of lrv in old world species are confined to leishmania major and a few leishmania aethiopica isolates. the aim of this study was to survey the presence of lrv in various iranian leishmania species originating from patients and animal reservoir hosts. genomic nucleic acids were extrac ... | 2016 | 27604119 |
| atypical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a region endemic for leishmania braziliensis: clinical, immunological and parasitological aspects. | atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has become progressively more frequent in corte de pedra, northeast brazil. herein we characterize clinical presentation, antimony response, cytokine production and parasite strains prevailing in acl. | 2016 | 27906988 |
| involvement of nucleoside diphosphate kinase b and elongation factor 2 in leishmania braziliensis antimony resistance phenotype. | nucleoside diphosphate kinase b (ndkb) is responsible for nucleoside triphosphates synthesis and it has key role in the purine metabolism in trypanosomatid protozoans. elongation factor 2 (ef2) is an important factor for protein synthesis. recently, our phosphoproteomic analysis demonstrated that ndkb and ef2 proteins were phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in antimony (sb(iii))-resistant l. braziliensis line compared to its sb(iii)-susceptible pair, respectively. | 2016 | 27964761 |
| differential recruitment of dendritic cells subsets to lymph nodes correlates with a protective or permissive t-cell response during leishmania (viannia) braziliensis or leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis infection. | leishmania (l.) amazonensis (la) and l. (v.) braziliensis (lb) are responsible for a large clinical and immunopathological spectrum in human disease; while la may be responsible for anergic disease, lb infection leads to cellular hypersensitivity. to better understand the dichotomy in the immune response caused by these leishmania species, we evaluated subsets of dendritic cells (dcs) and t lymphocyte in draining lymph nodes during the course of la and lb infection in balb/c mice. our results de ... | 2016 | 27073297 |
| transient superdiffusion and long-range correlations in the motility patterns of trypanosomatid flagellate protozoa. | we report on a diffusive analysis of the motion of flagellate protozoa species. these parasites are the etiological agents of neglected tropical diseases: leishmaniasis caused by leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis, african sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma brucei, and chagas disease caused by trypanosoma cruzi. by tracking the positions of these parasites and evaluating the variance related to the radial positions, we find that their motions are characterized by a short-tim ... | 2016 | 27007779 |
| an effective in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action of 8-hydroxyquinoline against leishmania species causing visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. | the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat leishmaniasis has become a priority. in the present study, the antileishmanial activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hqn) was investigated against in vitro promastigotes and in vivo intra-macrophage amastigotes of three leishmania species: leishmania amazonensis, leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. studies were performed to establish the 50% leishmania inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 8-hqn, as well as its 50% cytotoxic concentrat ... | 2016 | 26827866 |
| active sesquiterpene lactones against leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis. | seventeen sesquiterpene lactones (sls) isolated from five species of the tribe vernonieae were evaluated for their in vitro activity against promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis. additionally, a quantitative structure activity relationship has been made, since all these natural compounds were found to have potent to mild antileishmanial properties. the most active compounds against l. braziliensis were 16 and 17 (ic50 values 1.45 and 1.34 μm, respectively), followe ... | 2016 | 26755152 |
| antibacterial and leishmanicidal activity of bolivian propolis. | the antimicrobial activity of bolivian propolis was assessed for the first time on a panel of bacteria and two endemic parasitic protozoa. ten samples of bolivian propolis and their main constituents were tested using the micro-broth dilution method against 11 bacterial pathogenic strains as well as against promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and l. braziliensis using the xtt-based colorimetric method. the methanolic extracts showed antibacterial effect ranging from inactive (mics > 1000 μg ... | 2016 | 26743801 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of pteridine reductase in wild-type and antimony-resistant leishmania lines. | pteridine reductase (ptr1) is an nadph-dependent reductase that participates in the salvage of pteridines, which are essential to maintain growth of leishmania. in this study, we performed the molecular characterization of ptr1 gene in wild-type (wts) and sbiii-resistant (sbr) lines from leishmania guyanensis (lg), leishmania amazonensis (la), leishmania braziliensis (lb) and leishmania infantum (li), evaluating the chromosomal location, mrna levels of the ptr1 gene and ptr1 protein expression. ... | 2016 | 26689884 |
| monitoring the response of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis to treatment with pentamidine isethionate by quantitative real-time pcr, and identification of leishmania parasites not responding to therapy. | leishmania (viannia) guyanensis is believed to be the principal cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in suriname. this disease is treated with pentamidine isethionate (pi), but treatment failure has increasingly been reported. | 2016 | 26648589 |
| the antifungal compound butenafine eliminates promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the production of ergosterol lipid, important for the leishmania membrane homeostasis, involves different enzymes. this pathway can be blocked to azoles and allylamines drugs, such as butenafine. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-leishmanicidal activity of this drug in 2 major species of leishmania responsible for causing the american tegumentar leishmaniasis (l. (l.) amazonensis and l. (v.) braziliensis). butenafine eliminated promastigote forms of l. amazonensis and l. brazi ... | 2016 | 27546158 |
| malaria-cutaneous leishmaniasis co-infection: influence on disease outcomes and immune response. | malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) are co-endemic throughout large regions in tropical countries and co-infection may impact the evolution of host-parasite interactions. in the present study, we evaluate malaria/leishmaniasis disease outcome, th1/th2 cytokine levels and the cd4 and cd8 t-cell profiles in a co-infection murine model (balb/c) of plasmodium yoelii 17xnl (py) and leishmania amazonensis (la) or l. braziliensis (lb). malaria parasitaemia was assessed through blood strains staine ... | 2016 | 27446022 |
| calmodulin polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for leishmania identification and typing. | a precise identification of leishmania species involved in human infections has epidemiological and clinical importance. herein, we describe a preliminary validation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, based on the calmodulin intergenic spacer region, as a tool for detecting and typing leishmania species. after calmodulin amplification, the enzyme haeiii yielded a clear distinction between reference strains of leishmania mexicana, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania infantum, lei ... | 2016 | 27352873 |
| comparative analysis of carbohydrate residues in the midgut of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) from colony and field populations from amazon, brazil. | leishmaniasis are worldwide diseases that occur in 98 countries including brazil, transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomines during blood feeding. in brazil it is known that some species of sand flies as lutzomyia longipalpis sensun latum (vector of leishmania infantum chagasi), lutzomyia flaviscutellata (vector of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis) and lutzomyia antunesi [suspected vector of leishmania (viannia) lindenbergi] are incriminated of transmitting the parasite leishmania for th ... | 2016 | 27264642 |
| detection of leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis in culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae) in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the brazilian amazonia. | biting midges in the genus culicoides act as vectors of arboviruses throughout the world and as vectors of filariasis in latin america, the caribbean, and parts of africa. although culicoides spp. are currently not considered to be vectors of leishmania protozoa, the high abundance of biting midges in areas with active cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission points to the possibility of culicoides infection by these pathogens. we used pcr to test captured culicoides species for natural infection wi ... | 2016 | 27860021 |
| evaluation of the antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal potential of myrciaria dubia (myrtaceae) extract. | malaria and leishmaniasis are prevalent in tropical regions, which have environmental characteristics that are highly favorable to protozoa and vectors of these diseases; the transmission of these infections in sub-tropical regions, although recognized, represents only a small fraction of cases. plants are constantly being used in the search for and acquisition of new drugs, and many compounds derived from them have been used to combat various diseases. in this study, we evaluated the action of ... | 2016 | 27812653 |
| evaluation of two recombinant leishmania proteins identified by an immunoproteomic approach as tools for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral and human tegumentary leishmaniasis. | serological diagnostic tests for canine and human leishmaniasis present problems related with their sensitivity and/or specificity. recently, an immunoproteomic approach performed with leishmania infantum proteins identified new parasite antigens. in the present study, the diagnostic properties of two of these proteins, cytochrome c oxidase and ige-dependent histamine-releasing factor, were evaluated for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral (cvl) and human tegumentary (htl) leishmaniasis. for th ... | 2016 | 26790739 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis amastigotes induces the expression of tnfα and il-10 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro in a tlr4-dependent manner. | while the role of toll-like receptors (tlrs) has been investigated in murine models of tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, the interaction between tlrs and leishmania sp. has not been investigated in human cells. the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of tlr4 in cytokine production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) induced by l. braziliensis, and whether the parasite alters the expression of tlr4 on monocytes/macrophages. amasti ... | 2016 | 27649507 |
| drug repurposing: mining protozoan proteomes for targets of known bioactive compounds. | to identify potential opportunities for drug repurposing by developing an automated approach to pre-screen the predicted proteomes of any organism against databases of known drug targets using only freely available resources. | 2016 | 23757409 |
| severe cutaneous leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus patient coinfected with leishmania braziliensis and its endosymbiotic virus. | leishmania parasites cause a broad range of disease, with cutaneous afflictions being, by far, the most prevalent. variations in disease severity and symptomatic spectrum are mostly associated to parasite species. one risk factor for the severity and emergence of leishmaniasis is immunosuppression, usually arising by coinfection of the patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). interestingly, several species of leishmania have been shown to bear an endogenous cytoplasmic dsrna virus (lrv) ... | 2016 | 26834198 |
| intestinal helminth coinfection is associated with mucosal lesions and poor response to therapy in american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | the most severe clinical form of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) due to leishmania braziliensis is mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), characterized by destructive lesions in the facial mucosa. we performed a retrospective cohort study of 109 atl patients from rio de janeiro state, brazil, where atl is caused by l. braziliensis, to evaluate the influence of intestinal parasite coinfections in the clinical course of atl. parasitological stool examination (pse) was performed with samples from all ... | 2016 | 26519200 |
| immunity to lutzomyia whitmani saliva protects against experimental leishmania braziliensis infection. | previous works showed that immunization with saliva from lutzomyia intermedia, a vector of leishmania braziliensis, does not protect against experimental infection. however, l. braziliensis is also transmitted by lutzomyia whitmani, a sand fly species closely related to lu. intermedia. herein we describe the immune response following immunization with lu. whitmani saliva and the outcome of this response after l. braziliensis infection. | 2016 | 27812113 |
| sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae), vectors of leishmania protozoa, at an atlantic forest conservation unit in the municipality of nísia floresta, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | sand flies are insect vectors of protozoa from the genus leishmania, causative parasites of visceral and american tegumentary leishmaniases. the present study discusses the bioecological aspects of sand fly species, transmitters of leishmania protozoa, in different ecotopes of an atlantic forest conservation unit located in the metropolitan region of natal, rio grande do norte state, brazil. | 2016 | 26864023 |
| natural leishmania (viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from the brazilian amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in amazonian brazil the etiological agents of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) belong to at least seven leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. in 2002-2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the "floresta nacional do tapajós", belterra municipality, in the lower amazon region, western pará state, brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite, l. (v.) guyanensis × l. (v.) ... | 2016 | 27235194 |
| first evidence of a hybrid of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis/l. (v.) peruviana dna detected from the phlebotomine sand fly lutzomyia tejadai in peru. | the natural infection of sand flies by leishmania was examined in the department of huanuco of peru, where cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by a hybrid of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis/l. (v.) peruviana is endemic. a total of 2,997 female sand flies were captured by cdc light traps and shannon traps, of which 2,931 and 66 flies were identified as lutzomyia tejadai and lu fischeri, respectively. using crude dna extracted from individual sand flies as a template, leishmania dna was detected from ... | 2016 | 26735142 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccination: a matter of quality. | there have been exhaustive efforts to develop an efficient vaccine against leishmaniasis. factors like host and parasite genetic characteristics, virulence, epidemiological scenarios, and, mainly, diverse immune responses triggered by leishmania species make the achievement of this aim a complex task. it is already clear that the induction of a th1, pro-inflammatory response, is important in the protection against leishmania infection. however, many questions must still be answered to fully unde ... | 2016 | 27148270 |
| diffuse and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical cases experienced in ecuador and a brief review. | in ecuador, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is prevalent countrywide, but only one case of diffuse-cl and two cases of disseminated-cl were experienced during our research activities more than 30 years from 1982 to date. these three patients suffered from multiple lesions distributed at a wide range of the body surface, revealing difficulty to clinically differentiate each other. | 2016 | 27398061 |
| leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis: differences and similarities to evade the innate immune system. | visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form of the disease, caused by leishmania infantum in the new world. patients present an anergic immune response that favors parasite establishment and spreading through tissues like bone marrow and liver. on the other hand, leishmania braziliensis causes localized cutaneous lesions, which can be self-healing in some individuals. interactions between host and parasite are essential to understand disease pathogenesis and progression. in this context, dendritic c ... | 2016 | 27536300 |
| lipophosphoglycans from leishmania amazonensis strains display immunomodulatory properties via tlr4 and do not affect sand fly infection. | the immunomodulatory properties of lipophosphoglycans (lpg) from new world species of leishmania have been assessed in leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis, the causative agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. this glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variation in sugars that branch off the conserved gal(β1,4)man(α1)-po4 backbone of repeat units. here, the immunomodulatory activity of lpgs from leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of di ... | 2016 | 27508930 |
| enhancement of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania extract: identification of a disease-associated antibody specificity. | both leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis induce cutaneous disease when injected in the skin of balb/c mice. however, l. amazonensis may also visceralize in that strain of mice, infecting mainly the liver and spleen. in addition, whereas balb/c mice die with a progressive cutaneous disease when infected by l. amazonensis, the infection by l. braziliensis is spontaneously cured. in a previous work, we have found that intravenous injections of l. amazonensis amastigote extract (lae) ... | 2015 | 25971623 |
| survey of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in an environmentally protected area in brazil. | brazil is one of the most important endemic areas for leishmaniasis worldwide. protected areas that are tourist attractions likely present an important risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). furthermore, with the geographical expansion of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), several studies have recorded the occurrence of its vector, lutzomyia longipalpis, and cases of human and canine vl in such tourist areas. the parque estadual do sumidouro is an environmentally protected area located ... | 2015 | 26267484 |
| ecological aspects and molecular detection of leishmania dna ross (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in terra firme and várzea environments in the middle solimões region, amazonas state, brazil. | phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to the role that some species play in the transmission of leishmaniasis. this work aimed to study some ecological aspects among sand flies fauna inhabiting two different environments: the várzea (lowland amazonian forest) and terra firme (upland amazonian forest), both located in tefé municipality, amazonas state, braziland to detect leishmania infection in those phlebotomine populations. | 2015 | 25889808 |
| a novel molecular test to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis at the point of care. | dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to vl control programs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. we developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) to detect leish ... | 2015 | 26240156 |
| infectiousness of sylvatic and synanthropic small rodents implicates a multi-host reservoir of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the possibility that a multi-host wildlife reservoir is responsible for maintaining transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis causing human cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is tested by comparative analysis of infection progression and infectiousness to sandflies in rodent host species previously shown to have high natural infection prevalences in both sylvatic or/and peridomestic habitats in close proximity to humans in northeast brazil. | 2015 | 26448187 |
| small rnas derived from trnas and rrnas are highly enriched in exosomes from both old and new world leishmania providing evidence for conserved exosomal rna packaging. | leishmania use exosomes to communicate with their mammalian hosts and these secreted vesicles appear to contribute to pathogenesis by delivering protein virulence factors to macrophages. in other eukaryotes, exosomes were found to carry rna cargo, such as mrnas and small non-coding rnas, capable of altering recipient cell phenotype. whether leishmania exosomes also contain rnas which they are able to deliver to bystander cells is not known. here, we show that leishmania exosomes indeed contain r ... | 2015 | 25764986 |
| interleukin 10-dominant immune response and increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis after natural exposure to lutzomyia intermedia sand flies. | leishmaniasis is caused by parasites transmitted to the vertebrate host by infected sand flies. during transmission, the vertebrate host is also inoculated with sand fly saliva, which exerts powerful immunomodulatory effects on the host's immune response. | 2015 | 25596303 |
| first report of warileya rotundipennis (psychodidae: phlebotominae) naturally infected with leishmania (viannia) in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia. | the expansion of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis from sylvatic ecosystems into peri-urban and domestic settings has occurred as sand flies have adapted to anthropogenic environmental modifications. assessment of the intradomiciliary presence of sand flies in households of the settlement "la cabaña", in the department of risaralda, colombia, revealed an abundance of warileya rotundipennis. this unexpected observation motivated further analyses to evaluate the participation of this species ... | 2015 | 25917717 |
| molecular detection of leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus atxakriabá indigenous reserve, brazil. | autochthonous cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) have been reported since 2001 in the xakriabá indigenous reserve located in the municipality of são joão das missões in northern minas gerais state, brazil. in order to study the presence of leishmania dna in phlebotomine sand flies, six entomological collections were carried out from july 2008 through july 2009, using 40 light traps placed in peridomicile areas of 20 randomly selected houses. from october 2011 through august 2012, an ... | 2015 | 25853254 |
| the phlebotomine sand flies fauna in parque estadual do rio doce, minas gerais, brazil. | phlebotomine sand flies are dipterans of the family psychodidae. they are very important to veterinary medicine because some species are vectors of infective forms of leishmania spp., the etiological agents of leishmaniasis. the parque estadual do rio doce is located in an area with constant reports of cases of leishmaniasis. in order to better understanding the phlebotamine sand fly fauna of the park, the present work was undertaken with the goal of analyzing phlebotomine sand flies collected t ... | 2015 | 26626880 |
| identification and biological characterization of leishmania (viannia) guyanensis isolated from a patient with tegumentary leishmaniasis in goiás, a nonendemic area for this species in brazil. | the aim of this study was to characterize clinical field isolates of leishmania spp. obtained from patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) who live in goiás state, brazil. the presumed areas of infection were in goiás, tocantins, and pará states. three isolates of parasites were identified as l. (viannia) braziliensis and one as l. (v.) guyanensis. the in vitro growth profiles were found to be similar for all parasites. nevertheless, in c57bl/6 mice, l. (v.) guyanensis infection w ... | 2015 | 26583102 |
| an integrated approach using spatial analysis to study the risk factors for leishmaniasis in area of recent transmission. | some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of formiga, brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. the most captured species included lutzomyia longipalpis (35.3%), lutzomyia cortelezzii (33.5%), and lutzomyia whitmani (18.3%). a significant correlation bet ... | 2015 | 26229961 |
| age modifies the immunologic response and clinical presentation of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main causal agent of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) that may present as cutaneous, mucosal, or disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. the disease is highly prevalent in young males and there is a lack of studies of atl in the elderly. herein, we compared clinical manifestations, immunologic response, and response to antimony therapy between patients > 60 years of age (n = 58) and patients who were 21-30 years of age (n = 187). the study was perfo ... | 2015 | 25918209 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |